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Mitch Resnick: Let's teach kids to code
Mitch Resnick: Naučimo djecu programirati
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Kodiranje nije samo za računalne genijalce, kaže Mitch Resnick s MIT-evog medijskog laboratorija -- već za sve. U zabavnom govoru ispunjenom primjerima, Resnick ocrtava prednosti podučavanja djece programiranju kako bi mogli više nego samo "čitati" nove tehnologije -- također ih i kreairati.
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Mitch Resnick - Computer scientist
Mitch Resnick directs the Lifelong Kindergarten group at MIT Media Lab, dedicated to helping kids of all ages tinker and experiment with design. Full bio
Mitch Resnick directs the Lifelong Kindergarten group at MIT Media Lab, dedicated to helping kids of all ages tinker and experiment with design. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
It was a Saturday afternoon in May,
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Bilo je subotnje poslijepodne u svibnju
00:19
and I suddenly realized
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i odjednom sam shvatio
00:22
that the next day was Mother's Day,
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da je sljedećeg dana Majčin dan,
00:25
and I hadn't gotten anything for my mom,
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a nisam svojoj majci nabavio ništa,
00:27
so I started thinking about
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pa sam počeo razmišljati
00:28
what should I get my mom for Mother's Day?
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što bih trebao svojoj majci pokloniti za
Majčin dan?
Majčin dan?
00:31
I thought, why don't I make her
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Pomislio sam, zašto joj ne bih napravio
00:33
an interactive Mother's Day card
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interaktivnu čestitku
00:36
using the Scratch software that I'd been developing
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koristeći Scratch softver
koji sam razvijao
koji sam razvijao
00:38
with my research group at the MIT Media Lab?
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sa svojom istraživačkom grupom na MIT-u?
00:42
We developed it so that people could easily create
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Razvili smo ga tako da ljudi
mogu lako stvoriti
mogu lako stvoriti
00:46
their own interactive stories and games and animations,
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vlastite interaktivne priče,
igre i animacije,
igre i animacije,
00:50
and then share their creations with one another.
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te ih međusobno dijeliti.
00:54
So I thought, this would be an opportunity to use Scratch
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Pomislio sam kako bi ovo bila
prilika za korištenje Scratcha
prilika za korištenje Scratcha
00:57
to make an interactive card for my mom.
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da napravim interaktivnu
čestitku za moju mamu.
čestitku za moju mamu.
01:00
Before making my own Mother's Day card,
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Prije nego li sam ju napravio,
01:03
I thought I would take a look
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pomislio sam pogledati
01:05
at the Scratch website.
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na stranicu Scratcha.
01:06
So over the last several years, kids around the world
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Tijekom zadnjih nekoliko godina,
klinci diljem svijeta
klinci diljem svijeta
01:09
ages 8 and up, have shared their projects,
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od 8 godina na dalje,
su dijelili svoje projekte,
su dijelili svoje projekte,
01:13
and I thought, I wonder if, of those three million projects,
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i zapitao sam se je li itko
od tih 3 milijuna ljudi
od tih 3 milijuna ljudi
01:16
whether anyone else has thought to put up Mother's Day cards.
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podijelio svoju čestitku za Majčin dan.
01:19
So in the search box I typed in
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U tražilicu sam upisao
01:22
"Mother's Day,"
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"Majčin dan"
01:24
and I was surprised and delighted to see a list
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i bio iznenađen i obradovan vidjeti popis
01:27
of dozens and dozens of Mother's Day cards
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desetaka i desetaka čestitki za Majčin dan
01:30
that showed up on the Scratch website,
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koji se pojavio na stranici Scratcha,
01:32
many of them just in the past 24 hours
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mnogo njih u zadnjih 24 sata
01:35
by procrastinators just like myself.
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od kampanjaca baš poput mene.
01:38
So I started taking a look at them. (Music)
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Počeo sam ih gledati. (Glazba)
01:41
I saw one of them that featured a kitten
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Vidio sam jednu koja je prikazivala macu
01:43
and her mom and wishing her mom a happy Mother's Day.
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i njenu mamu kako joj čestita Majčin dan.
01:50
And the creator very considerately
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Autor je vrlo obzirno ponudio
01:53
offered a replay for her mom.
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ponovnu reprodukciju za svoju mamu.
01:56
Another one was an interactive project where,
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Sljedeća je bila
interaktivni projekt u kojem,
interaktivni projekt u kojem,
01:59
when you moved the mouse over the letters of "Happy Mom Day,"
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kada pomaknete miš preko slova iz
"Sretan Majčin dan",
"Sretan Majčin dan",
02:02
it reveals a special happy Mother's Day slogan.
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otkrijete slogan za Majčin dan.
02:07
(Music) In this one, the creator told a narrative
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(Glazba) U ovome je autorica
izrekla pripovijest
izrekla pripovijest
02:11
about how she had Googled to find out
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o tome kako je morala 'guglati' da sazna
02:13
when Mother's Day was happening.
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kada je Majčin dan.
02:16
(Typing) And then once she found out when Mother's Day was happening,
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(Tipkanje) I kada je saznala
kada je Majčin dan,
kada je Majčin dan,
02:21
she delivered a special Mother's Day greeting
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poslala je majci posebnu poruku
02:23
of how much she loved her mom.
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o tome koliko ju voli.
02:27
So I really enjoyed looking at these projects
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Uživao sam gledajući ove projekte
02:29
and interacting with these projects.
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i sudjelujući u njima.
02:31
In fact, I liked it so much that, instead of making my own project,
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Ustvari, toliko su mi se svidjeli, da sam,
umjesto da napravim svoj projekt,
umjesto da napravim svoj projekt,
02:34
I sent my mom links to about a dozen of these projects. (Laughter)
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poslao mami linkove desetaka
ovih projekata. (Smijeh)
ovih projekata. (Smijeh)
02:39
And actually, she reacted exactly the way that I hoped that she would.
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I zapravo, reagirala je upravo
onako kako sam se i nadao da hoće.
onako kako sam se i nadao da hoće.
02:43
She wrote back to me and she said,
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Vratila mi je porku i rekla
02:44
"I'm so proud to have a son that created the software
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"Ponosna sam što imam
sina koji je stvorio softver
sina koji je stvorio softver
02:47
that allowed these kids to make Mother's Day cards for their mothers."
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koji dopušta ovoj djeci da naprave
čestitke za Majčin dan svojim majkama."
čestitke za Majčin dan svojim majkama."
02:52
So my mom was happy, and that made me happy,
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Dakle moja mama je bila sretna,
stoga sam bio i ja.
stoga sam bio i ja.
02:55
but actually I was even happier for another reason.
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no zapravo sam bio i sretniji
zbog još jednog razloga.
zbog još jednog razloga.
03:00
I was happy because these kids were using Scratch
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Bio sam sretan jer su ovi
klinci koristili Scratch
klinci koristili Scratch
03:04
just in the way that we had hoped that they would.
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upravo na način na koji
smo se nadali da hoće.
smo se nadali da hoće.
03:07
As they created their interactive Mother's Day cards,
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Dok su stvarali interaktivne
čestitke za Majčin dan,
čestitke za Majčin dan,
03:10
you could see that they were really
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vidjelo se da su stvarno
03:12
becoming fluent with new technologies.
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postajali tečni s novim tehnologijama.
03:15
What do I mean by fluent?
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Što mislim pod tečni?
03:17
I mean that they were able to start expressing themselves
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Mislim da su postali
sposobni izražavati sebe
sposobni izražavati sebe
03:21
and to start expressing their ideas.
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i svoje ideje.
03:23
When you become fluent with language,
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Kada neki jezik pričate tečno,
03:26
it means you can write an entry in your journal
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to znači da možete napisati
unos u svoj dnevnik
unos u svoj dnevnik
03:30
or tell a joke to someone or write a letter to a friend.
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ili reći vic nekome
ili napisati pismo prijatelju.
ili napisati pismo prijatelju.
03:34
And it's similar with new technologies.
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Slično je s novim tehnologijama.
03:37
By writing, be creating these interactive Mother's Day cards,
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Pišući, stvarajući ove
interaktivne čestitke za Majčin dan,
interaktivne čestitke za Majčin dan,
03:41
these kids were showing that they were really fluent
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ovi klinci pokazuju da stvarno postaju
03:44
with new technologies.
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tečni u novim tehnologijama.
03:45
Now maybe you won't be so surprised by this,
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Možda vas ovo neće iznenaditi,
03:48
because a lot of times people feel that
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jer ljudi često imaju osjećaj
03:51
young people today can do all sorts of things with technology.
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da današnja mladež može
raditi štošta s tehnologijom.
raditi štošta s tehnologijom.
03:54
I mean, all of us have heard young people referred to as "digital natives."
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Svi smo čuli da se o mladeži priča kao
o "digitalnim domorocima".
o "digitalnim domorocima".
03:59
But actually I'm sort of skeptical about this term.
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No skeptičan sam u vezi ovog termina.
04:02
I'm not so sure we should be thinking of young people as digital natives.
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Nisam siguran bismo
li ih trebali tako zvati.
li ih trebali tako zvati.
04:06
When you really look at it, how is it that young people
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Kada bolje pogledate, kako to točno mladi
04:08
spend most of their time using new technologies?
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provode vrijeme s novim tehnologijama?
04:12
You often see them in situations like this,
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Često ih vidite u ovakvim situacijama
04:15
or like this,
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ili ovakvim,
04:18
and there's no doubt that young people
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i nema dvojbe da su mladi
04:19
are very comfortable and familiar browsing
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dobro upoznati sa surfanjem
04:22
and chatting and texting and gaming.
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i dopisivanjem i igranjem.
04:27
But that doesn't really make you fluent.
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No to vas ne čini tečnim.
04:30
So young people today have lots of experience
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Današnji mladi ljudi imaju mnogo iskustva
04:34
and lots of familiarity with interacting with new technologies,
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i dobro su upoznati s interakcijom
u novim tehnologijama,
u novim tehnologijama,
04:38
but a lot less so of creating with new technologies
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no mnogo manje novih tehnologija
stvaranju
stvaranju
04:41
and expressing themselves with new technologies.
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i manje izražavju sebe
novim tehnologijama.
novim tehnologijama.
04:44
It's almost as if they can read
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Gotovo kao da mogu čitati
04:47
but not write with new technologies.
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ali ne i pisati s novim tehnologijama.
04:50
And I'm really interested in seeing, how can we help young people become fluent
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I zanima me kako možemo pomoći mladima
da postanu tečni
da postanu tečni
04:54
so they can write with new technologies?
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tako da mogu pisati s novim tehnologijama.
04:56
And that really means that they need to be able to
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To stvarno znači da moraju znati pisati
05:00
write their own computer programs, or code.
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vlastite računalne programe,
odnosno programirati.
odnosno programirati.
05:04
So, increasingly, people are starting to recognize
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Ljudi povećano počinju prepoznavati
05:07
the importance of learning to code.
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važnost učenja programiranja.
05:10
You know, in recent years, there have been
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U nedavnim godinama, bilo je
05:13
hundreds of new organizations and websites
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stotine novih organizacija i stranica
05:16
that are helping young people learn to code.
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koje pomažu mladima da programiraju.
05:19
You look online, you'll see places like Codecademy
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Pogledajte online i vidjet ćete
mjesta poput Codecadamy
mjesta poput Codecadamy
05:23
and events like CoderDojo
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i događaje poput CoderDojo
05:25
and sites like Girls Who Code,
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i stranice poput
Djevojke koje programiraju,
Djevojke koje programiraju,
05:28
or Black Girls Code.
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ili Crnkinje programiraju.
05:29
It seems that everybody is getting into the act.
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Čini se da se svi priključuju.
05:32
You know, just at the beginning of this year,
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Na početku ove godine,
05:35
at the turn of the new year,
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na prelasku u novu godinu,
05:36
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg
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gradonačelnik New Yorka Micheal Bloomberg
05:39
made a New Year's resolution that he was going to learn
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je donio novogodišnju odluku da će naučiti
05:41
to code in 2012.
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programirati u 2012.
05:44
A few months later, the country of Estonia decided that
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Nekoliko mjeseci kasnije,
Estonija je odlučila da
Estonija je odlučila da
05:47
all of its first graders should learn to code.
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bi svi prvašići trebali
naučiti programirati.
naučiti programirati.
05:51
And that triggered a debate in the U.K.
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To je potaknulo debatu u UK
05:54
about whether all the children there should learn to code.
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bi li djeca trebala učiti programirati.
05:58
Now, for some of you, when you hear about this,
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Nekima je od vas, kad čuju za ovo,
06:01
it might seem sort of strange about everybody learning to code.
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čudno da svi uče programirati.
06:04
When many people think of coding, they think of it
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Kada ljudi razmišljaju o programiranju,
razmišljaju o tome
razmišljaju o tome
06:08
as something that only a very narrow sub-community
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kao o nečemu što će raditi samo
vrlo uska
vrlo uska
06:11
of people are going to be doing,
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pod-zajednica ljudi
06:14
and they think of coding looking like this.
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i misle da programiranje izgleda ovako.
06:17
And in fact, if this is what coding is like,
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I zapravo, ako
programiranje izgleda ovako,
programiranje izgleda ovako,
06:19
it will only be a narrow sub-community of people
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i bit će samo uska zajednica ljudi
06:21
with special mathematical skills and technological background
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s posebnim matematičkim vještinama
i tehnološkom pozadinom
i tehnološkom pozadinom
06:24
that can code.
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koja može programirati.
06:27
But coding doesn't have to be like this.
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No programiranje ne mora izgledati ovako.
06:29
Let me show you about what it's like to code in Scratch.
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Pokazati ću vam kako izgleda
programiranje u Scratchu.
programiranje u Scratchu.
06:33
So in Scratch, to code, you just snap blocks together.
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U Scratchu, da biste kodirali,
samo spajate djelove zajedno.
samo spajate djelove zajedno.
06:37
In this case, you take a move block,
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U ovom slučaju, uzmete pomičan blok,
06:39
snap it into a stack,
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spojite ga u grupu,
06:41
and the stacks of blocks control the behaviors
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a grupe blokova kontroliraju ponašanje
06:44
of the different characters in your game or your story,
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drugačijih likova u vašoj igri ili priči,
06:47
in this case controlling the big fish.
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u ovom slučaju kontroliraju veliku ribu.
06:50
After you've created your program, you can click on "share,"
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Kada ste stvorili program,
kliknete na "podijeli"
kliknete na "podijeli"
06:53
and then share your project with other people,
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i tada dijelite svoj projekt
s drugim ljudima,
s drugim ljudima,
06:56
so that they can use the project
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te oni mogu koristiti projekt
06:58
and start working on the project as well.
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i početi raditi na vlastitom.
07:01
So, of course, making a fish game isn't the only thing
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Naravno, stvoriti ribu nije jedina stvar
koju možete napraviti sa Scratchom.
07:04
you can do with Scratch.
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07:06
Of the millions of projects on the Scratch website,
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Od milijuna projekata
na stranici Scratcha,
na stranici Scratcha,
07:08
there's everything from animated stories
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postoji sve od animiranih priča
07:11
to school science projects
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do školskih projekata
07:13
to anime soap operas
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do anime sapunica
07:15
to virtual construction kits
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do virtualnih kompleta za gradnju
07:18
to recreations of classic video games
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do ponovno stvorenih klasičnih video igara
07:20
to political opinion polls
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do anketa o političkom mišljenju
07:23
to trigonometry tutorials
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do objašnjavanja trigonometrije
07:25
to interactive artwork, and, yes,
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do interaktivne umjetnosti, i, da,
07:28
interactive Mother's Day cards.
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interaktivnih čestitki za Majčin dan.
07:31
So I think there's so many different ways
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Mislim da postoji mnogo drugačijih načina
07:34
that people can express themselves using this,
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na koji se ljudi mogu
izraziti koristeći ovo,
izraziti koristeći ovo,
07:37
to be able to take their ideas and share their ideas with the world.
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da mogu stvoriti svoje ideje
i podijeliti ih sa svijetom.
i podijeliti ih sa svijetom.
07:41
And it doesn't just stay on the screen.
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I ne staje samo na ekranu.
07:43
You can also code to interact with the physical world around you.
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Također možete programirati interakciju
s fizičkim svijetom oko sebe.
s fizičkim svijetom oko sebe.
07:47
Here's an example from Hong Kong,
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Ovo je primjer iz Hong Konga
07:50
where some kids made a game
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gdje su neki klinci napravili igru
07:51
and then built their own physical interface device
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i stvorili svoj uređaj za
fizičko sučeljavanje
fizičko sučeljavanje
07:54
and had a light sensor, so the light sensor
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koje je imalo svjetlosni senzor,
a svjetlosni senzor
a svjetlosni senzor
07:57
detects the hole in the board,
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prepoznaje rupu u ploči
07:59
so as they move the physical saw,
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te kada pomiču fizičku pilu,
08:01
the light sensor detects the hole
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svjetlosni senzor detektira rupu
08:04
and controls the virtual saw on the screen
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i kontrolira virtualnu pilu na ekranu
08:07
and saws down the tree.
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te prepili drvo.
08:09
We're going to continue to look at new ways
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Nastavit ćemo gledati nove načine
08:11
of bringing together the physical world and the virtual world
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spajanja fizičkog i virtualnog svijeta
08:14
and connecting to the world around us.
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te spanja svijeta oko nas.
08:17
This is an example from a new version of Scratch
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Ovo je primjer iz novije verzije Scratcha
08:20
that we'll be releasing in the next few months,
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koju ćemo izdati u sljedećih par mjeseci
08:23
and we're looking again to be able
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i ponovno gledamo kako da
08:25
to push you in new directions.
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vas guramo u novim smjerovima.
08:27
Here's an example.
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Evo primjera.
08:29
It uses the webcam.
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Koristi web kameru.
08:33
And as I move my hand, I can pop the balloons
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Kako pomičem svoju ruku,
mogu bušiti balone
mogu bušiti balone
08:38
or I can move the bug.
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ili mogu pomicati kukca.
08:41
So it's a little bit like Microsoft Kinect,
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Ponešto kao Microsoft Kinect,
08:44
where you interact with gestures in the world.
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gdje interaktivno sudjelujete gestama.
08:46
But instead of just playing someone else's game,
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No umjesto da igrate nečiju tuđu igru,
08:49
you get to create the games,
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možete stvarati igre,
08:51
and if you see someone else's game,
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i ako vidite nečiju tuđu igru
08:52
you can just say "see inside,"
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možete samo reći "pogledaj unutra"
08:55
and you can look at the stacks of blocks that control it.
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i možete vidjeti grupe
blokova koji ju kontroliraju.
blokova koji ju kontroliraju.
08:58
So there's a new block that says how much video motion there is,
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Postoji novi blok koji prikazuje koliko
video pokreta ima,
video pokreta ima,
09:01
and then, if there's so much video motion,
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i onda, ako nema mnogo video pokreta,
09:04
it will then tell the balloon to pop.
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reći će balonu da pukne.
09:08
The same way that this uses the camera
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Na isti način na koji koristi kameru
09:10
to get information into Scratch,
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da prenese informacije u Scratch,
09:13
you can also use the microphone.
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možete koristiti i mikrofon.
09:16
Here's an example of a project using the microphone.
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Ovo je primjer projekta
koji koristi mikrofon.
koji koristi mikrofon.
09:20
So I'm going to let all of you control this game
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Dat ću vam da upravljate ovom igrom
09:22
using your voices.
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koristeći svoje glasove.
09:24
(Crickets chirping) (Shouts) (Chomping)
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(Cvrčci) (Vikanje)
09:41
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:49
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:58
As kids are creating projects like this,
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Dok klinci stvaraju ovakve projekte,
10:01
they're learning to code,
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uče programirati,
10:03
but even more importantly, they're coding to learn.
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no još važnije,
programiraju kako bi učili.
programiraju kako bi učili.
10:07
Because as they learn to code,
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Jer dok uče programirati,
10:09
it enables them to learn many other things,
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to im dopušta da nauče
mnogo drugih stvari,
mnogo drugih stvari,
10:13
opens up many new opportunities for learning.
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otvara mnoge druge prilike za učenje.
10:16
Again, it's useful to make an analogy to reading and writing.
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Opet, korisno je napraviti analogiju kroz
čitanje i pisanje.
čitanje i pisanje.
10:20
When you learn to read and write, it opens up
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Kada učite čitati i pisati, otvaraju se
10:23
opportunities for you to learn so many other things.
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prilike za učenje toliko drugih stvari.
10:26
When you learn to read, you can then read to learn.
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Kada naučite čitati,
možete čitati kako biste učili.
možete čitati kako biste učili.
10:30
And it's the same thing with coding.
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Ista stvar je i s programiranjem.
Ako naučite programirati,
možete programirati kako biste učili.
možete programirati kako biste učili.
10:32
If you learn to code, you can code to learn.
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10:34
Now some of the things you can learn are sort of obvious.
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Neke stvari koje možete
naučiti su ponešto očite.
naučiti su ponešto očite.
10:37
You learn more about how computers work.
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Možete više naučiti o tome kako računala
funkcioniraju.
funkcioniraju.
10:39
But that's just where it starts.
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No to je samo početak.
10:42
When you learn to code, it opens up for you to learn
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Kada naučite programirati, otvaraju vam se
pravci
pravci
10:44
many other things.
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za učenje mnogih drugih stvari.
10:47
Let me show you an example.
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Pokazat ću vam primjer.
10:49
Here's another project,
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Evo još jednog projekta,
10:51
and I saw this when I was visiting
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a ovo sam vidio u posjeti
10:53
one of the computer clubhouses.
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jednom od računalnih klubova.
10:56
These are after-school learning centers that we helped start
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To su izvan nastavni centri za
učenje u kojima pomažemo
učenje u kojima pomažemo
10:59
that help young people from low-income communities
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mladim ljudima iz siromašnijih zajednica
11:01
learn to express themselves creatively with new technologies.
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da se nauče izražavati
novim tehnologijama.
novim tehnologijama.
11:05
And when I went to one of the clubhouses a couple years ago,
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Kada sam bio u jednom
klubu prije par godina,
klubu prije par godina,
11:08
I saw a 13-year-old boy who was using our Scratch software
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vidio sam 13-godišnjaka
koji je koristio Scratch
koji je koristio Scratch
11:12
to create a game somewhat like this one,
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da bi stvorio igru ponešto poput ove,
11:15
and he was very happy with his game and proud of his game,
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i bio je vrlo sretan i
ponosan na svoju igru,
ponosan na svoju igru,
11:18
but also he wanted to do more.
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no htio je napraviti više.
11:21
He wanted to keep score.
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Htio je pratiti rezultat.
11:23
So this was a game where the big fish eats the little fish,
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Ovo je bila igra u kojoj velika
riba jede male ribe,
riba jede male ribe,
11:26
but he wanted to keep score, so that each time
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no htio je pratiti rezultat
tako da se svaki put
tako da se svaki put
11:29
the big fish eats the little fish,
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kad velika riba pojede malu,
11:32
the score would go up and it would keep track,
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rezultat poveća i prati,
11:35
and he didn't know how to do that.
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a on nije znao kako da to napravi.
11:38
So I showed him.
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Pa sam mu pokazao.
11:40
In Scratch, you can create something called a variable.
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U Scratchu, možete stvoriti
nešto što se zove varijabla.
nešto što se zove varijabla.
11:43
I'll call it score.
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Zvat ću to rezultatom.
11:47
And that creates some new blocks for you,
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To vam stvara neke nove blokove,
11:50
and also creates a little scoreboard that keeps track of the score,
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i također stvara semafor
koji prati rezultat,
koji prati rezultat,
11:55
so each time I click on "change score," it increments the score.
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stoga svaki put kada kliknem na
"promijeni rezultat", on utječe na njega.
"promijeni rezultat", on utječe na njega.
12:00
So I showed this to the clubhouse member --
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Pokazao sam to članu kluba --
12:03
let's call him Victor -- and Victor,
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nazovimo ga Viktor -- i Viktor je,
12:05
when he saw that this block would let him increment the score,
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kada je vidio da mu taj blok
dopušta utjecaj na rezultat,
dopušta utjecaj na rezultat,
12:08
he knew exactly what to do.
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točno znao što treba napraviti.
12:10
He took the block
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Uzeo je blok
12:12
and he put it into the program
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i stavio ga u program
12:15
exactly where the big fish eats the little fish.
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točno tamo gdje velika riba jede malu.
12:20
So then, each time the big fish eats the little fish,
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Tada, svaki put kada velika
riba pojede malu,
riba pojede malu,
12:25
he will increment the score, and the score will go up by one.
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utječe na rezultat
i on će se povećati.
i on će se povećati.
12:31
And it's in fact working.
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I to stvarno djeluje.
12:32
And he saw this, and he was so excited,
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Vidio je ovo i bio toliko uzbuđen
12:35
he reached his hand out to me,
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da je ispružio ruku prema meni
12:36
and he said, "Thank you, thank you, thank you."
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i rekao: "Hvala, hvala, hvala!"
12:39
And what went through my mind was,
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Ono što je prošlo kroz moju glavu
12:41
how often is it that teachers are thanked by their students
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je koliko učenici često zapravo
zahvale svojim učiteljima
zahvale svojim učiteljima
12:44
for teaching them variables? (Laughter)
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što su ih naučili varijablama? (Smijeh)
12:47
It doesn't happen in most classrooms,
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Ne događa se u većini učionica,
12:50
but that's because in most classrooms, when kids learn about variables,
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no to je zato što u većini učionica,
kada klinci uče o varijablama,
kada klinci uče o varijablama,
12:53
they don't know why they're learning it.
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ne znaju zašto ih uče.
12:55
It's nothing that, really, they can make use of.
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To nije ništa od čega
zapravo imaju koristi.
zapravo imaju koristi.
12:58
When you learn ideas like this in Scratch,
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Kada učite ideje poput ove u Scratchu,
13:00
you can learn it in a way that's really meaningful and motivating for you,
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možete ih naučiti na načine koji su vama
stvarno značajni i motivirajući,
stvarno značajni i motivirajući,
13:04
that you can understand the reason for learning variables,
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kako bi razumjeli razlog
zašto učiti varijable,
zašto učiti varijable,
13:07
and we see that kids learn it more deeply
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i vidimo da ih klinci uče dublje
13:09
and learn it better.
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i uče ih bolje.
13:11
Victor had, I'm sure, been taught about variables in schools,
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Viktora su, siguran sam,
učili o varijablama u školi,
učili o varijablama u školi,
13:14
but he really didn't -- he wasn't paying attention.
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no nije obraćao pozornost.
13:16
Now he had a reason for learning variables.
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Sada je imao razlog da nauči varijable.
13:18
So when you learn through coding, and coding to learn,
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Kada učite kroz kodiranje,
i kodirate kako biste učili,
i kodirate kako biste učili,
13:21
you're learning it in a meaningful context, and that's the best way of learning things.
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učite u značajnom kontekstu i zato je to
najbolji način za učenje.
najbolji način za učenje.
13:26
So as kids like Victor are creating projects like this,
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Dok klinci poput Viktora
stvaraju ovakve projekte,
stvaraju ovakve projekte,
13:30
they're learning important concepts like variables,
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uče važne koncepte poput varijabli,
13:33
but that's just the start.
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a to je samo početak.
13:35
As Victor worked on this project and created the scripts,
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Dok je Viktor radio na ovom
projektu i stvarao skripta,
projektu i stvarao skripta,
13:39
he was also learning about the process of design,
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također je učio proces dizajniranja,
13:42
how to start with the glimmer of an idea
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kako početi s iskrom ideje
13:44
and turn it into a fully-fledged, functioning project
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i pretvoriti ju u potpuni,
funkcionirajući projekt
funkcionirajući projekt
13:47
like you see here.
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poput ovoga koji vidite ovdje.
13:50
So he was learning many different core principles of design,
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Učio je mnogo drugačijih
osnovnih principa dizajna
osnovnih principa dizajna
13:54
about how to experiment with new ideas,
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kako eksperimentirati s novim idejama,
13:57
how to take complex ideas and break them down into simpler parts,
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kako kompleksne ideje
razbiti na sastavne dijelove,
razbiti na sastavne dijelove,
14:02
how to collaborate with other people on your projects,
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kako surađivati s
drugima na svojem projektu,
drugima na svojem projektu,
14:05
about how to find and fix bugs when things go wrong,
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i kako naći i popraviti greške
kada stvari pođu ukrivo,
kada stvari pođu ukrivo,
14:08
how to keep persistent and to persevere
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kako ustrajati
14:11
in the face of frustrations when things aren't working well.
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unatoč frustracijama kada
stvari ne idu kako treba.
stvari ne idu kako treba.
14:15
Now those are important skills
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To su važne stvari
14:17
that aren't just relevant for coding.
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koje nisu važne samo za kodiranje.
14:19
They're relevant for all sorts of different activities.
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Važne su za mnogo
drugačijih vrsta aktivnosti.
drugačijih vrsta aktivnosti.
14:22
Now, who knows if Victor is going to grow up and become
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Tko zna hoće li Viktor izrasti i postati
14:25
a programmer or a professional computer scientist?
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programer ili profesionalni
računalni znanstvenik.
računalni znanstvenik.
14:28
It's probably not so likely,
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Vjerojatnost nije velika,
14:30
but regardless of what he does,
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no bez obzira što radi,
14:32
he'll be able to make use of these design skills that he learned.
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moći će koristiti vještine koje je naučio.
14:36
Regardless of whether he grows up to be a marketing manager
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Bez obzira postane li menadžer marketinga
14:38
or a mechanic or a community organizer,
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ili mehaničar ili organizator zajednice,
14:41
that these ideas are useful for everybody.
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te su ideje korisne za sve.
14:44
Again, it's useful to think about this analogy with language.
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Ponavljam, korisno je
koristiti analogiju s jezikom.
koristiti analogiju s jezikom.
14:48
When you become fluent with reading and writing,
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Kada postanete tečni u čitanju i pisanju,
14:52
it's not something that you're doing
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to nije nešto što radite
14:54
just to become a professional writer.
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samo da postanete profesionalni pisac.
14:56
Very few people become professional writers.
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Jako malo ljudi postane
profesionalnim piscima.
profesionalnim piscima.
14:59
But it's useful for everybody to learn how to read and write.
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No korisno je za sve da
nauče čitati i pisati.
nauče čitati i pisati.
15:03
Again, the same thing with coding.
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Ponovo, ista je stvar i s kodiranjem.
15:05
Most people won't grow up to become professional
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Većina ljudi neće postati profesionalni
15:07
computer scientists or programmers,
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računalni znanstvenici ili programeri,
15:10
but those skills of thinking creatively,
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no vještine kreativnog razmišljanja,
15:13
reasoning systematically, working collaboratively --
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2514
sistematskog rasuđivanja, suradnje --
15:15
skills you develop when you code in Scratch --
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vještine koje razvijate kada
kodirate u Scratchu --
kodirate u Scratchu --
15:18
are things that people can use no matter what they're doing in their work lives.
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su stvari koje ljudi koriste nevezano
što rade u svom poslovnom životu.
što rade u svom poslovnom životu.
15:23
And it's not just about your work life.
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I ne radi se samo o poslovnom životu.
15:25
Coding can also enable you to
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Kodiranje vam također omogućuje
15:28
express your ideas and feelings in your personal life.
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da izrazite svoje ideje i osjećaje
u osobnom životu.
u osobnom životu.
15:31
Let me end with just one more example.
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Završit ću s još samo jednim primjerom.
15:34
So this is an example that came from
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Ovo je primjer koji je došao
15:37
after I had sent the Mother's Day cards to my mom,
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nakon što sam poslao čestitke za
Majčin dan svojoj mami,
Majčin dan svojoj mami,
15:41
she decided that she wanted to learn Scratch.
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tada je mama odlučila da želi
naučiti raditi u Scratchu.
naučiti raditi u Scratchu.
15:44
So she made this project for my birthday
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Napravila je ovaj projekt za moj rođendan
15:47
and sent me a happy birthday Scratch card.
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i poslala mi čestitku za
rođendan u Scratchu.
rođendan u Scratchu.
15:51
Now this project is not going to win any prizes for design,
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Ovaj projekt neće osvojiti
nagrade za dizajn,
nagrade za dizajn,
15:55
and you can rest assured that my 83-year-old mom
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i možete biti sigurni da moja
mama od 83 godine
mama od 83 godine
15:58
is not training to become a professional programmer or computer scientist.
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ne trenira da postane profesionalni
programer ili računalni znanstvenik.
programer ili računalni znanstvenik.
16:02
But working on this project enabled her
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No rad na ovom projektu
16:05
to make a connection to someone that she cares about
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joj je omogućio da se poveže
s nekim do koga joj je stalo
s nekim do koga joj je stalo
16:08
and enabled her to keep on learning new things
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i omogućio da nastavi učiti nove stvari
16:10
and continuing to practice her creativity
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i nastavi vježbati svoju kreativnost
16:13
and developing new ways of expressing herself.
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i razvijati nove načine izražavanja.
16:16
So as we take a look and we see that
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Kada pogledamo i vidimo
16:20
Michael Bloomberg is learning to code,
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da Micheal Bloomberg uči kodirati,
16:23
all of the children of Estonia learn to code,
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sva djeca Estonije uče kodirati,
16:25
even my mom has learned to code,
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čak i moja mama uči kodirati,
16:28
don't you think it's about time that you might be
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ne mislite li da bi bilo vrijeme
16:29
thinking about learning to code?
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da razmislite da naučite i vi?
16:31
If you're interested in giving it a try,
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Ako ste zainteresirani da pokušate,
16:33
I'd encourage you to go to the Scratch website.
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ohrabujem vas posjetite stranicu Scratcha,
16:36
It's scratch.mit.edu,
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koja je scratch.mit.edu,
16:38
and give a try at coding.
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i pokušate programirati.
16:40
Thanks very much. (Applause)
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Puno vam hvala. (Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mitch Resnick - Computer scientistMitch Resnick directs the Lifelong Kindergarten group at MIT Media Lab, dedicated to helping kids of all ages tinker and experiment with design.
Why you should listen
When we first enter primary school, we spend our days creating, painting, building, experimenting creatively with form and shape. But what happens after that first year? Why doesn't the creativity continue? Mitch Resnick, Director of the Lifelong Kindergarten program and LEGO Papert Professor of Learning Research at MIT Media Lab, is making it his mission to help kids keep the exploration going. He and his team develop new interfaces to help students engage with technology, in a way that encourages them to create and experiment the way we did in kindergarten with paint. Some of Resnick's projects include Scratch, which helps young users learn to code, and the Computer Clubhouse, an international network of creative afterschool programs for underpriveleged students.
Mitch Resnick | Speaker | TED.com