TEDxSBU
Robyn Stein DeLuca: The good news about PMS
Robin Štajn Deluka (Robyn Stein DeLuca): Dobre vesti o PMS-u
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Svi znaju da većina žena malčice poludi pre nego što dobiju menstruaciju, da njihovi reproduktivni hormoni dovode do toga da njihove emocije neobuzdano variraju. Ali: vrlo je malo naučnog konsenzusa o predmenstrualnom sindromu. Kako navodi psiholog Robin Štajn Deluka, nauka se ne slaže oko definicije, uzroka, lečenja ili čak i samog postojanja PMS-a. Ona istražuje šta znamo i ne znamo o njemu - i zašto je popularni mit opstao.
Robyn Stein DeLuca - Psychologist
Robyn Stein DeLuca asks, What do we really know about PMS? Full bio
Robyn Stein DeLuca asks, What do we really know about PMS? Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
How many people here have heard of PMS?
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Koliko ljudi ovde je čulo za PMS?
00:17
Everybody, right?
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Svi, zar ne?
00:18
Everyone knows that women
go a little crazy
go a little crazy
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Svi znaju da žene malo polude
00:21
right before they get their period,
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neposredno pred svoju menstruaciju,
00:24
that the menstrual cycle throws them
onto an inevitable hormonal roller coaster
onto an inevitable hormonal roller coaster
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da ih menstrualni ciklus izbacuje
na neizbežni hormonski rolerkoster
na neizbežni hormonski rolerkoster
00:28
of irrationality and irritability.
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iracionalnosti i razdražljivosti.
00:31
There's a general assumption
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Postoji opšta pretpostavka
00:32
that fluctuations in reproductive hormones
cause extreme emotions
cause extreme emotions
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da promene reproduktivnih hormona
izazivaju ekstremne emocije
izazivaju ekstremne emocije
00:37
and that the great majority of women
are affected by this.
are affected by this.
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i da je velika većina žena
pod uticajem toga.
pod uticajem toga.
00:41
Well, I am here to tell you
that scientific evidence says
that scientific evidence says
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E pa, ja sam ovde da bih vam rekla
da naučni dokazi kažu
da naučni dokazi kažu
00:44
neither of those assumptions is true.
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da nijedna od tih pretpostavki
nije istinita.
nije istinita.
00:46
I'm here to give you
the good news about PMS.
the good news about PMS.
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Ovde sam da bih vam iznela
dobre vesti o PMS-u.
dobre vesti o PMS-u.
00:50
But first, let's take a look
at how firmly the idea of PMS
at how firmly the idea of PMS
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Ali najpre, pogledajmo koliko je čvrsto
ideja o PMS-u
ideja o PMS-u
00:54
is entrenched in American culture.
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učvršćena u američkoj kulturi.
00:56
If you examine newspaper
or magazine articles,
or magazine articles,
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Ako pregledate novine
ili članke u časopisima,
ili članke u časopisima,
01:00
you'll see how widely assumed it is
that everyone gets PMS.
that everyone gets PMS.
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videćete koliko je široko prihvaćeno
da svi dobijaju PMS.
da svi dobijaju PMS.
01:04
In an article in the magazine Redbook
titled "You: PMS Free,"
titled "You: PMS Free,"
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U članku u magazinu Redbuk
pod nazivom "Vi: bez PMS-a",
pod nazivom "Vi: bez PMS-a",
01:09
readers were informed that between 80
to 90 percent of women suffer from PMS.
to 90 percent of women suffer from PMS.
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čitaocima je saopšteno da između
80 i 90 posto žena pati od PMS-a.
80 i 90 posto žena pati od PMS-a.
01:15
L.A. Muscle magazine warned its readers
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Magazin L.A. Masl
je upozorio svoje čitaoce
je upozorio svoje čitaoce
01:18
that 40 to 50 percent of women
suffer from PMS,
suffer from PMS,
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da 40 do 50 posto žena pati od PMS-a,
01:21
and that it plays a major role
in women's mental and physical health,
in women's mental and physical health,
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i da on igra veliku ulogu
u mentalnom i fizičkom zdravlju žene,
u mentalnom i fizičkom zdravlju žene,
01:26
and a couple of years ago,
even the Wall Street Journal
even the Wall Street Journal
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a pre nekoliko godina,
čak je i Vol Strit Žurnal
čak je i Vol Strit Žurnal
01:29
ran an article on calcium
as a treatment for PMS,
as a treatment for PMS,
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objavio članak o kalcijumu
kao leku za PMS,
kao leku za PMS,
01:32
asking its female readers,
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postavljajući pitanje svojim čitateljkama:
01:34
"Do you turn into a witch every month?"
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"Da li se pretvarate u vešticu
svakog meseca?"
svakog meseca?"
Na osnovu svih ovih članaka,
pomislili biste da mora da postoji
pomislili biste da mora da postoji
01:36
From all these articles, you would think
there must be a mountain of research
there must be a mountain of research
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gomila istraživanja koja potvrđuju
svojstvo rasprostranjenosti PMS-a.
svojstvo rasprostranjenosti PMS-a.
01:40
verifying the widespread nature of PMS.
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01:44
However, after five decades of research,
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Međutim, nakon pet decenija istraživanja,
01:47
there's no strong consensus
on the definition, the cause,
on the definition, the cause,
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nema čvrste saglasnosti
oko definicije, uzroka,
oko definicije, uzroka,
01:52
the treatment, or even
the existence of PMS.
the existence of PMS.
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lečenja, niti samog postojanja PMS-a.
01:56
As most commonly defined by psychologists,
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Kako psiholozi najčešće opisuju,
01:59
PMS involves negative behavioral,
cognitive and physical symptoms
cognitive and physical symptoms
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PMS podrazumeva negativne simptome
u ponašanju, kognitivne i fizičke simptome
u ponašanju, kognitivne i fizičke simptome
02:04
from the time of ovulation
to menstruation.
to menstruation.
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od ovulacije do menstruacije.
02:07
But here's where it gets tricky.
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Ali evo gde postaje zamršeno.
02:09
Over 150 different symptoms
have been used to diagnose PMS,
have been used to diagnose PMS,
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Preko 150 različitih simptoma je korišćeno
za dijagnostifikovanje PMS-a,
za dijagnostifikovanje PMS-a,
02:14
and here are just a few of those.
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a ovo su samo neki od njih.
02:16
Now, I want to be clear here.
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Da razjasnim.
02:18
I'm not saying women don't get
some of these symptoms.
some of these symptoms.
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Ne kažem da žene
ne dobijaju neke od ovih simptoma.
ne dobijaju neke od ovih simptoma.
Ono što hoću da kažem
je da dobijanje nekih od ovih simptoma
je da dobijanje nekih od ovih simptoma
02:21
What I'm saying is that
getting some of these symptoms
getting some of these symptoms
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02:24
doesn't amount to a mental disorder,
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ne čini mentalni poremećaj,
02:27
and when psychologists
come up with a disorder
come up with a disorder
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i kada psiholozi smisle poremećaj
02:30
that's so vaguely defined,
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koji je tako neodređeno definisan,
02:33
the label eventually becomes meaningless.
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etiketa na kraju postane besmislena.
02:36
With a list of symptoms
this long and wide,
this long and wide,
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Sa ovoliko dugom i širokom
listom simptoma,
listom simptoma,
02:39
I could have PMS, you could have PMS,
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ja bih mogla da imam PMS,
vi biste mogli imati PMS,
vi biste mogli imati PMS,
02:42
the guy in the third row here
could have PMS,
could have PMS,
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čovek u trećem redu ovde
bi mogao da ima PMS,
bi mogao da ima PMS,
02:44
my dog could have PMS.
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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moj pas bi mogao da ima PMS. (Smeh)
02:48
Some researchers said
you had to have five symptoms.
you had to have five symptoms.
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Neki istraživači kažu
da morate da imate pet simptoma.
da morate da imate pet simptoma.
02:50
Some said three.
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Neki kažu tri.
02:52
Other researchers said that symptoms
were only meaningful
were only meaningful
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Drugi istraživači kažu
da su simptomi značajni
da su simptomi značajni
02:55
if they were highly disturbing to you,
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samo ako vas veoma ometaju,
02:57
but others said minor symptoms
were just as important.
were just as important.
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dok drugi kažu
da su manji simptomi podjednako važni.
da su manji simptomi podjednako važni.
03:00
For many years, because
there was no standardization
there was no standardization
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Godinama, pošto nije bilo standardizacije
03:03
in the definition of PMS,
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definicije PMS-a,
03:05
when psychologists tried
to report prevalence rates,
to report prevalence rates,
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kada su psiholozi pokušali
da naprave izveštaj
da naprave izveštaj
o stopi rasprostranjenosti,
njihove procene su se kretale
njihove procene su se kretale
03:08
their estimates ranged
from five percent of women
from five percent of women
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od pet posto žena do 97 posto žena,
03:11
to 97 percent of women,
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03:13
so at the same time almost no one
and almost everyone had PMS.
and almost everyone had PMS.
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tako da istovremeno skoro da niko
nije imao PMS i skoro svi su ga imali.
nije imao PMS i skoro svi su ga imali.
03:19
Overall, the weaknesses in the methods
of research on PMS have been considerable.
of research on PMS have been considerable.
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Sve u svemu, nedostaci metoda
istraživanja PMS-a su bili znatni.
istraživanja PMS-a su bili znatni.
03:26
First, many studies asked women
to report their symptoms retrospectively,
to report their symptoms retrospectively,
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Prvo, mnoge studije su tražile od žena
da pričaju o svojim simptomima
retrospektivno,
retrospektivno,
osvrćući se na prošlost
i oslanjajući se na pamćenje,
i oslanjajući se na pamćenje,
03:31
looking to the past and relying on memory,
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03:34
which is known to inflate reporting of PMS
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za šta je poznato da uvećava
izveštavanje o PMS-u
izveštavanje o PMS-u
03:37
compared to what's called
prospective reporting,
prospective reporting,
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u odnosu na ono što se naziva
prospektivno izveštavanje,
prospektivno izveštavanje,
03:41
which involves keeping
a daily log of symptoms
a daily log of symptoms
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koje podrazumeva vođenje dnevnika simptoma
03:43
for at least two months in a row.
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najmanje dva uzastopna meseca.
03:45
Many studies also exclusively focused
on white, middle-class women,
on white, middle-class women,
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Mnoge studije su se takođe fokusirale
isključivo na belkinje srednje klase,
isključivo na belkinje srednje klase,
03:50
which makes it problematic
to apply study findings to all women.
to apply study findings to all women.
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zbog čega je problematično dovoditi u vezu
nalaze studija sa svim ženama.
nalaze studija sa svim ženama.
03:55
We know there's a strong
cultural component to the belief in PMS
cultural component to the belief in PMS
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Znamo da postoji snažna
kulturna komponenta u verovanju o PMS-u
kulturna komponenta u verovanju o PMS-u
03:59
because it's nearly unheard of
outside of Western nations.
outside of Western nations.
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jer skoro da je nepoznat
izvan zapadnih zemalja.
izvan zapadnih zemalja.
04:03
Third, many studies failed
to use control groups.
to use control groups.
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Treće, mnogim studijama nedostaje
korišćenje kontrolnih grupa.
korišćenje kontrolnih grupa.
04:07
If we want to understand
the specific characteristics
the specific characteristics
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Ako želimo da razumemo
specifične karakteristike
specifične karakteristike
04:10
of women who have PMS,
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žena koje imaju PMS,
04:11
we need to be able to compare them
to women who don't have PMS.
to women who don't have PMS.
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moramo biti u mogućnosti da ih uporedimo
sa ženama koje nemaju PMS.
sa ženama koje nemaju PMS.
04:15
And finally, many different types
of questionnaires were used
of questionnaires were used
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I konačno, mnogo različitih vrsta upitnika
je korišćeno
je korišćeno
04:19
to diagnose PMS, focusing
on different symptoms,
on different symptoms,
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u dijagnostikovanju PMS-a,
fokusirajući se na različite simptome,
fokusirajući se na različite simptome,
04:23
symptom duration and severity.
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trajanje i ozbiljnost simptoma.
04:25
To do reliable research on any condition,
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Da bi obavili pouzdano istraživanje
o bilo kom stanju,
o bilo kom stanju,
04:28
scientists must agree
on the specific characteristics
on the specific characteristics
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naučnici se moraju složiti
oko specifičnih karakteristika
oko specifičnih karakteristika
04:31
that make up that condition
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koje sačinjavaju to stanje
04:33
so they're all talking
about the same thing,
about the same thing,
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tako da svi govore o istoj stvari,
04:35
and with PMS, this has not been the case.
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što nije bio slučaj sa PMS-om.
04:39
However, in 1994,
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Međutim, 1994. godine,
04:41
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders,
of Mental Disorders,
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Dijagnostički i statistički priručnik
za mentalne poremećaje,
za mentalne poremećaje,
04:45
known as the DSM, thankfully --
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poznat kao DSM, srećom -
04:47
it's also the manual
for mental health professionals --
for mental health professionals --
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takođe je i priručnik za profesionalce
u oblasti mentalnog zdravlja -
u oblasti mentalnog zdravlja -
04:51
they redefined PMS as PMDD,
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redefinisali su PMS kao PMDD,
04:55
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.
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predmenstrualni disforični poremećaj.
04:58
And dysphoria refers to
a feeling of agitation or unease.
a feeling of agitation or unease.
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Disforija se odnosi na osećaj
uznemirenosti ili nelagodnosti.
uznemirenosti ili nelagodnosti.
05:04
And according to these new DSM guidelines,
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Prema ovim novim DSM smernicama,
05:07
in most menstrual cycles in the last year,
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u većini menstrualnih ciklusa
tokom proteklih godinu dana,
tokom proteklih godinu dana,
05:10
at least five of 11 possible symptoms
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najmanje pet od 11 mogućih simptoma
05:14
must appear in the week
before menstruation starts;
before menstruation starts;
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moraju se javiti u nedelji
pre početka menstruacije,
pre početka menstruacije,
05:17
the symptoms must improve
once menstruation has begun;
once menstruation has begun;
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simptomi se moraju poboljšati
kada menstruacija otpočne,
kada menstruacija otpočne,
05:21
and the symptoms must be absent
the week after menstruation has ended.
the week after menstruation has ended.
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i moraju potpuno nestati
nedelju dana po završetku menstruacije.
nedelju dana po završetku menstruacije.
05:27
One of these symptoms must come
from this list of four:
from this list of four:
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Jedan od tih simptoma mora biti
sa ove liste četiri ponuđenih:
sa ove liste četiri ponuđenih:
05:30
marked mood swings, irritability,
anxiety, or depression.
anxiety, or depression.
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izražene promene raspoloženja,
razdražljivost, anksioznost ili depresija.
razdražljivost, anksioznost ili depresija.
05:35
The other symptoms could come
from the first slide
from the first slide
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Drugi simptomi mogu biti
neki od onih sa prvog slajda
neki od onih sa prvog slajda
05:38
or from those on the second slide,
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ili od onih na drugom slajdu,
05:40
including symptoms like
feeling out of control
feeling out of control
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uključujući simptome
kao što su osećaj gubitka kontrole
kao što su osećaj gubitka kontrole
05:43
and changes in sleep or appetite.
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i promene sna ili apetita.
05:46
The DSM also required now
that the symptoms
that the symptoms
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DSM takođe sada traži da simptomi
05:50
should be associated with
clinically significant distress --
clinically significant distress --
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budu u vezi
sa klinički značajnom uznemirenošću -
sa klinički značajnom uznemirenošću -
05:54
there should be some kind
of disturbance in work
of disturbance in work
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treba da postoji
neka vrsta smetnji u radu
neka vrsta smetnji u radu
05:57
or school or social relationships --
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ili školi ili društvenim odnosima -
06:00
and that symptoms and symptom severity
should now be documented
should now be documented
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i ti simptomi i njihova ozbiljnost
sada treba da budu dokumentovani
sada treba da budu dokumentovani
06:04
by keeping a daily log
for at least two cycles in a row.
for at least two cycles in a row.
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vođenjem devnika
tokom najmanje dva uzastopna ciklusa.
tokom najmanje dva uzastopna ciklusa.
06:08
And finally, the DSM required that
the emotional disturbance
the emotional disturbance
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I konačno, DSM postavlja zahtev
da emotivna uznemirenost
da emotivna uznemirenost
06:12
should be more than simply an exacerbation
of an already existing disorder.
of an already existing disorder.
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treba da bude više od jednostavnog
pogoršanja već postojećeg poremećaja.
pogoršanja već postojećeg poremećaja.
06:17
So scientifically speaking,
this is an improvement.
this is an improvement.
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Tako da je ovo napredak, naučno govoreći.
06:20
We now have a limited number of symptoms,
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Sada imamo ograničeni broj simptoma,
06:23
and a high impact on functioning
that's required,
that's required,
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potreban je
visok uticaj na funkcionisanje,
visok uticaj na funkcionisanje,
06:26
and the reporting and timing of symptoms
have both become very specific.
have both become very specific.
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a izveštavanje i uvremenjenost simptoma
su postali veoma konkretno ustanovljeni.
su postali veoma konkretno ustanovljeni.
06:32
Well, using this criteria
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Dakle, koristeći ove kriterijume
06:35
and looking at most recent studies,
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i pregledajući najskorija istraživanja,
06:37
we see that on average,
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vidimo da u proseku,
06:38
three to eight percent of women
suffer from PMDD.
suffer from PMDD.
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tri do osam procenata žena pati od PMDD-a.
06:44
Not all women, not most women,
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Ne sve žene, ne najveći broj žena,
06:47
not the majority of women,
not even a lot of women:
not even a lot of women:
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ne većina žena, čak ne ni puno žena:
06:50
three to eight percent.
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tri do osam procenata.
06:52
For everyone else, variables
like stressful events or happy occasions
like stressful events or happy occasions
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Za sve ostale, varijable kao što su
stresni događaji ili radosne prilike
stresni događaji ili radosne prilike
06:57
or even day of the week
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ili čak i dan u nedelji
06:59
are more powerful predictors of mood
than time of the month,
than time of the month,
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snažnije predviđaju raspoloženje
nego oni dani u mesecu,
nego oni dani u mesecu,
07:04
and this is the information
the scientific community has had
the scientific community has had
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a to je informacija
koja je prisutna u naučnoj zajednici
koja je prisutna u naučnoj zajednici
07:07
since the 1990s.
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od '90-ih godina.
07:08
In 2002, my colleagues and I
published an article
published an article
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2002. godine, moje kolege i ja
smo objavili časopis
smo objavili časopis
07:11
describing the PMS and PMDD research,
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opisujući istraživanja PMS-a i PMDD-a,
07:14
and several similar articles have appeared
in psychology journals.
in psychology journals.
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i nekoliko sličnih članaka se pojavilo
u psihološkim časopisima.
u psihološkim časopisima.
07:19
The questions is, why hasn't this
information trickled down to the public?
information trickled down to the public?
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Postavlja se pitanje, zašto ovaj podatak
nije dopreo do javnosti?
nije dopreo do javnosti?
07:23
Why do these myths persist?
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Zašto ovi mitovi opstaju?
07:27
Well, certainly the onslaught
of messages that women receive
of messages that women receive
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Pa, svakako da navala poruka
koje žene dobijaju
koje žene dobijaju
07:30
from books, TV, movies, the Internet,
that everyone gets PMS
that everyone gets PMS
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iz knjiga, sa televizije, filmova,
interneta, da svi dobijaju PMS
interneta, da svi dobijaju PMS
07:35
go a long way in convincing them
it must be true.
it must be true.
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ima uspeha u njihovom ubeđivanju
da to mora biti istinito.
da to mora biti istinito.
07:39
Research tells us that the more
a woman believes that everyone gets PMS,
a woman believes that everyone gets PMS,
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Istraživanja nam govore da što više žena
veruje da svi dobijaju PMS,
veruje da svi dobijaju PMS,
07:44
the more likely she is
to erroneously report that she has it.
to erroneously report that she has it.
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veća je verovatnoća
da će pogrešno izveštavati da ga ima.
da će pogrešno izveštavati da ga ima.
07:48
Let me tell you what I mean
by "erroneously."
by "erroneously."
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Da vam objasnim
šta mislim pod time "pogrešno".
šta mislim pod time "pogrešno".
07:50
You might ask her, "Do you have PMS?"
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Možda ćete je upitati: "Da li imaš PMS?"
07:53
and she says yes,
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i ona kaže da,
07:54
but then, when you have her
keep a daily log
keep a daily log
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ali potom, kada zatražite da vodi dnevnik
07:57
of psychological symptoms for two months,
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psihičkih simptoma tokom dva meseca,
07:59
no correlation is found
between her symptoms
between her symptoms
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nikakva korelacija neće biti pronađena
između njenih simptoma
između njenih simptoma
08:02
and time of the month.
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i onih dana u mesecu.
08:05
Another reason for
the persistence of the PMS myth
the persistence of the PMS myth
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Drugi razlog za istrajnost mita o PMS-u
08:09
has to do with the narrow boundaries
of the feminine role.
of the feminine role.
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ima veze sa uskim granicama ženske uloge.
08:12
Feminist psychologists like Joan Chrisler
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Feministički psiholozi
poput Džoane Krisler
poput Džoane Krisler
08:15
have suggested that
taking on the label of PMS
taking on the label of PMS
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su iznosili tvrdnju
da preuzimanje etikete PMS-a
da preuzimanje etikete PMS-a
08:19
allows women to express emotions that
would otherwise be considered unladylike.
would otherwise be considered unladylike.
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omogućava ženama da izraze osećanja
koja bi inače bila smatrana
nedostojnim jedne dame.
nedostojnim jedne dame.
08:24
The near universal definition
of a good woman
of a good woman
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Gotovo univerzalna definicija dobre žene
08:28
is one who is happy, loving,
caring for others,
caring for others,
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je da je to ona koja je vesela,
puna ljubavi i brige za druge,
puna ljubavi i brige za druge,
08:31
and taking great satisfaction
from that role.
from that role.
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i nalazi veliko zadovoljstvo u toj ulozi.
08:34
Well, PMS has become a permission slip
to be angry, complain, be irritated,
to be angry, complain, be irritated,
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PMS je postao dozvola da bude ljuta,
da negoduje, bude iritirana,
da negoduje, bude iritirana,
08:39
without losing the title of good woman.
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a da pri tom ne izgubi titulu dobre žene.
08:43
We know that the variables
in a woman's environment
in a woman's environment
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Znamo da će promenljive u sredini žene
08:47
are much more likely to cause her
to be angry than her hormones,
to be angry than her hormones,
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pre dovesti do toga da se naljuti
nego njeni hormoni,
nego njeni hormoni,
08:50
but when she attributes anger to hormones,
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ali kada ona pripiše ljutnju hormonima,
08:53
she's absolved
of responsibility or criticism.
of responsibility or criticism.
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oslobađa se odgovornosti i kritikovanja.
08:56
"Oh, that's not who she is.
It's out of her control."
It's out of her control."
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"O, nije ona takva.
To je izvan njene moći."
To je izvan njene moći."
08:59
And while this can be a useful tool,
it serves to invalidate women's emotions.
it serves to invalidate women's emotions.
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I dok ovo može biti korisno oruđe,
služi poništavanju značaja osećanja žene.
služi poništavanju značaja osećanja žene.
09:06
When people respond to a woman's anger
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Kada ljudi odgovore na bes žene
09:09
with the thought, "Oh,
it's just that time of the month,"
it's just that time of the month,"
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mišlju: "O, to su samo oni dani",
09:12
her ability to be taken seriously
or effect change is severely limited.
or effect change is severely limited.
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znatno biva ograničena njena mogućnost
da bude shvaćena ozbiljno
ili utiče na promenu.
ili utiče na promenu.
09:17
So who else benefits from the myth of PMS?
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Ko još ima koristi od mita o PMS-u?
09:21
Well, I can tell you that treating PMS
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Pa, mogu vam reći da je lečenje PMS-a
09:23
has become a profitable,
thriving industry.
thriving industry.
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postalo profitabilan posao u usponu.
09:27
Amazon.com currently offers
over 1,900 books on PMS treatment.
over 1,900 books on PMS treatment.
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Amazon.com trenutno nudi
preko 1 900 knjiga o lečenju PMS-a.
preko 1 900 knjiga o lečenju PMS-a.
09:34
A quick Google search
will bring up a cornucopia
will bring up a cornucopia
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Brza pretraga na Guglu
će prikazati izobilje
će prikazati izobilje
09:37
of clinics, workshops and seminars.
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klinika, radionica i seminara.
09:40
Reputable Internet sources
of medical information
of medical information
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Pouzdani izvori medicinskih informacija
na internetu
na internetu
09:43
like WebMD or the Mayo Clinic
list PMS as a known disorder.
list PMS as a known disorder.
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kao što su VebMD ili Klinika Mejo
ubrajaju PMS u priznate poremećaje.
ubrajaju PMS u priznate poremećaje.
09:48
It's not a known disorder,
but they list it.
but they list it.
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To nije priznati poremećaj,
ali ga oni navode.
ali ga oni navode.
09:51
And they also list the medications that
physicians have prescribed to treat it,
physicians have prescribed to treat it,
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Takođe navode i lekove
koje lekari prepisuju za njegovo lečenje,
koje lekari prepisuju za njegovo lečenje,
09:55
like anti-depressants or hormones.
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kao što su antidepresivi ili hormoni.
09:58
Interestingly, though, both websites
say that the success of medication
say that the success of medication
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Zanimljivo je da oba sajta kažu
da se uspešnost primene lekova
da se uspešnost primene lekova
10:03
in treating PMS symptoms
vary from woman to woman.
vary from woman to woman.
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4087
u lečenju simptoma PMS-a
razlikuje od jedne do druge žene.
razlikuje od jedne do druge žene.
10:07
Well, that doesn't make sense.
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Pa to nema smisla.
10:09
If you've got a distinct disorder
with a distinct cause,
with a distinct cause,
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Ako imate određeni poremećaj
sa određenim uzrokom,
sa određenim uzrokom,
10:12
which PMS is supposed to be,
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što bi PMS trebalo da bude,
10:14
then the treatment should bring
improvement for a great number of women.
improvement for a great number of women.
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onda bi lečenje trebalo da dovede
do poboljšanja kod velikog broja žena.
do poboljšanja kod velikog broja žena.
10:17
This has not been the case
with these treatments,
with these treatments,
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To nije bio slučaj sa ovim tretmanima,
10:20
and FDA regulations say that
for a drug to be deemed effective,
for a drug to be deemed effective,
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a propisi FDA (Uprave za hranu i lekove)
kažu da, da bi se lek smatrao efikasnim,
kažu da, da bi se lek smatrao efikasnim,
10:24
a large portion of the target population
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veliki deo ciljne populacije
10:26
should see clinically
significant improvement.
significant improvement.
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3158
bi trebalo da primećuje
klinički značajno poboljšanje.
klinički značajno poboljšanje.
10:29
So we have not had that at all
with these so-called treatments.
with these so-called treatments.
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To uopšte nismo imali
kod ovih takozvanih tretmana.
kod ovih takozvanih tretmana.
10:33
However, the financial gain
of perpetuating the myth
of perpetuating the myth
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4313
Međutim, velika je finansijska dobit
od održavanja mita
od održavanja mita
10:38
that PMS is a common mental disorder
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da je PMS učestali mentalni poremećaj
10:41
and is treatable is quite substantial.
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i da se može lečiti.
10:45
When women are prescribed
drugs like anti-depressants or hormones,
drugs like anti-depressants or hormones,
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3454
Kada se ženama prepišu lekovi
kao što su antidepresivi ili hormoni,
kao što su antidepresivi ili hormoni,
10:48
medical protocol requires that they have
physician follow-up every three months.
physician follow-up every three months.
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medicinski protokol nalaže da dolaze
na lekarske kontrole svaka tri meseca.
na lekarske kontrole svaka tri meseca.
10:53
That's a lot of doctor visits.
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To je mnogo poseta doktoru.
10:55
Pharmaceutical companies
reap untold profits
reap untold profits
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Farmaceutske kompanije
dobijaju neverovatnu zaradu
dobijaju neverovatnu zaradu
10:58
when women are convinced
they should take a prescribed medication
they should take a prescribed medication
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kada su žene u ubeđenju
da treba da uzimaju prepisane lekove
da treba da uzimaju prepisane lekove
11:02
for all of their child-bearing lives.
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tokom celog svog plodnog života.
11:05
Over-the-counter drugs like Midol
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Lekovi u slobodnoj prodaji poput Midola
11:07
even claim to treat PMS symptoms
like tension and irritability,
like tension and irritability,
192
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4412
čak tvrde da leče i simptome PMS-a
kao što su napetost i razdražljivost,
kao što su napetost i razdražljivost,
11:12
even though they only contain
a diuretic, a pain reliever
a diuretic, a pain reliever
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iako sadrže samo diuretike,
sredstva za ublaživanje bolova
sredstva za ublaživanje bolova
11:16
and caffeine.
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1974
i kofein.
11:18
Now, far be it from me to argue
with the magical powers of caffeine,
with the magical powers of caffeine,
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Daleko od toga da želim da ulazim
u raspravu oko čarobnih moći kofeina,
u raspravu oko čarobnih moći kofeina,
11:21
but I don't think reducing tension
is one of them.
is one of them.
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ali ne bih rekla da je smanjenje napetosti
jedna od njih.
jedna od njih.
11:25
Since 2002, Midol has marketed
a Teen Midol to adolescents.
a Teen Midol to adolescents.
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Midol se od 2002. godine prodaje
kao Tin Midol za adolescente.
kao Tin Midol za adolescente.
11:32
They are aiming at young girls early,
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2830
Usmereni su na devojčice na ranom uzrastu,
11:35
to convince them that everyone gets PMS
and that it will make you a monster,
and that it will make you a monster,
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kako bi ih ubedili da svi dobijaju PMS
i da se od toga postaje čudovište,
i da se od toga postaje čudovište,
11:39
but wait, there's something
you can do about it:
you can do about it:
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ali čekajte, možete nešto preduzeti
u vezi sa tim:
u vezi sa tim:
11:41
Take Midol and you will be
a human being again.
a human being again.
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3062
uzmite Midol
i ponovo ćete postati ljudsko biće.
i ponovo ćete postati ljudsko biće.
11:44
In 2013, Midol took in 48 million dollars
in sales revenue.
in sales revenue.
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2013. godine, Midol je zgrnuo
48 miliona dolara prihoda od prodaje.
48 miliona dolara prihoda od prodaje.
11:51
So while perpetuating the myth of PMS
has been lucrative for some,
has been lucrative for some,
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Dok je mit o PMS-u bio unosan za neke,
11:56
it comes with some serious
adverse consequences for women.
adverse consequences for women.
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on donosi sa sobom neke
ozbiljno nepovoljne posledice za žene.
ozbiljno nepovoljne posledice za žene.
12:00
First, it contributes
to the medicalization
to the medicalization
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Kao prvo, doprinosi medikalizaciji
12:02
of women's reproductive health.
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ženskog reproduktivnog zdravlja.
12:05
The medical field has a long history
of conceptualizing
of conceptualizing
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Polje medicine ima dugu istoriju
konceptualizovanja
konceptualizovanja
12:08
women's reproductive processes
as illnesses that require treatment,
as illnesses that require treatment,
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5410
ženskih reproduktivnih procesa
kao bolesti koja zahteva lečenje,
kao bolesti koja zahteva lečenje,
12:14
and this has come at many costs,
including excessive Cesarean deliveries,
including excessive Cesarean deliveries,
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4110
a uz ovo je išla određena cena,
uključujući suvišne porođaje
carskim rezom,
carskim rezom,
12:18
hysterectomies and prescribed
hormone treatments
hormone treatments
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histerektomije
i prepisane hormonske tretmane
i prepisane hormonske tretmane
12:20
that have harmed rather than enhanced
women's health.
women's health.
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4027
koji su više naškodili
nego što su poboljšali zdravlje žena.
nego što su poboljšali zdravlje žena.
12:25
Second, the PMS myth also contributes
to the stereotype of women
to the stereotype of women
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4830
Drugo, mit od PMS-u
takođe doprinosi stereotipu o ženama
takođe doprinosi stereotipu o ženama
12:30
as irrational and overemotional.
213
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3366
kao iracionalnim i previše emotivnim.
12:33
When the menstrual cycle is described
as a hormonal roller coaster
as a hormonal roller coaster
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3739
Kada se menstrualni ciklus opisuje
kao hormonalni rolerkoster
kao hormonalni rolerkoster
12:37
that turns women into angry beasts,
215
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2820
koji pretvara žene u razjarene zveri,
12:40
it becomes easy to question
the competence of all women.
the competence of all women.
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4345
postaje lako dovesti u pitanje
kompetentnost svih žena.
kompetentnost svih žena.
12:44
Women have made tremendous strides
in the workforce,
in the workforce,
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2819
Žene su ostvarile izuzetan napredak
u svetu rada,
u svetu rada,
12:47
but still there's a minuscule number
of women at the highest echelons
of women at the highest echelons
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4063
ali još uvek je minimalan broj žena
na najvišim instancama
na najvišim instancama
12:51
of fields like government or business,
219
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2740
u oblastima
kao što je vlada ili poslovanje,
kao što je vlada ili poslovanje,
12:54
and when we think about
who makes for a good CEO or senator,
who makes for a good CEO or senator,
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4946
i kada razmišljamo o tome
ko bi bio dobar direktor ili senator,
ko bi bio dobar direktor ili senator,
12:59
someone who has qualities like
rationality, steadiness, competence
rationality, steadiness, competence
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5119
neko da poseduje kvalitete kao što su
racionalnost, stabilnost, kompetentnost
racionalnost, stabilnost, kompetentnost
13:04
come to mind,
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1509
ko bi nam pao na pamet,
13:05
and in our culture, that sounds more
like a man than a woman,
like a man than a woman,
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3541
u našoj kulturi, to više zvuči
kao muškarac nego kao žena,
kao muškarac nego kao žena,
13:09
and the PMS myth contributes to that.
224
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3658
a mit o PMS-u doprinosi tome.
13:13
Psychologists know that
the moods of men and women
the moods of men and women
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3169
Psiholozi znaju da su raspoloženja
muškaraca i žena
muškaraca i žena
13:16
are more similar than different.
226
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2833
u većoj meri slična nego što se razlikuju.
13:19
One study followed men and women
for four to six months
for four to six months
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4063
Jedno istraživanje je pratilo muškarce
i žene tokom četiri do šest meseci
i žene tokom četiri do šest meseci
13:23
and found that the number
of mood swings they experienced
of mood swings they experienced
228
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3065
i pronašli su da se broj
promena raspoloženja koje su doživeli
promena raspoloženja koje su doživeli
13:26
and the severity of those mood swings
were no different.
were no different.
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3854
i jačina tih promena raspoloženja
nisu razlikovali.
nisu razlikovali.
13:30
And finally, the PMS myth
keeps women from dealing
keeps women from dealing
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4203
I najzad, mit o PMS-u
sprečava žene da se suoče
sprečava žene da se suoče
13:34
with the actual issues
causing them emotional upset.
causing them emotional upset.
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4017
sa stvarnim problemima koji im izazivaju
emocionalnu uznemirenost.
emocionalnu uznemirenost.
13:38
Individual issues like
quality of relationship or work conditions
quality of relationship or work conditions
232
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4425
Pojedinačni problemi kao što su
kvalitet veze ili uslovi rada
kvalitet veze ili uslovi rada
13:42
or societal issues like racism or sexism
or the daily grind of poverty
or the daily grind of poverty
233
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4504
ili društveni problemi poput rasizma
i seksizma ili svakodnevica siromaštva
i seksizma ili svakodnevica siromaštva
13:47
are all strongly related to daily mood.
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3344
su snažno povezani
sa raspoloženjem tokom dana.
sa raspoloženjem tokom dana.
13:50
Sweeping emotions under the rug of PMS
235
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3763
Skrivanje emocija pod okriljem PMS-a
13:54
keeps women from understanding
the source of their negative emotions,
the source of their negative emotions,
236
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3852
sputava žene u razumevanju
izvora svojih negativnih emocija,
izvora svojih negativnih emocija,
13:58
but it also takes away the opportunity
to take any action to change them.
to take any action to change them.
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5368
ali takođe i oduzima mogućnost
da preduzmu nešto kako bih ih promenile.
da preduzmu nešto kako bih ih promenile.
14:03
So the good news about PMS
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2829
Dakle, dobra vest o PMS-u
14:06
is that while some women get some symptoms
because of the menstrual cycle,
because of the menstrual cycle,
239
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je da, dok pojedine žene dobijaju neke
od simptoma zbog menstrualnog ciklusa,
od simptoma zbog menstrualnog ciklusa,
14:11
the great majority don't
get a mental disorder.
get a mental disorder.
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velika većina ne dobije
mentalni poremećaj.
mentalni poremećaj.
14:14
They go to work or school,
take care of their families,
take care of their families,
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One idu na posao ili u školu,
brinu se o svojim porodicama
brinu se o svojim porodicama
14:17
and function at a normal level.
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i funkcionišu na normalnom nivou.
14:20
We know the emotions and moods
of men and women
of men and women
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Znamo da su osećanja i raspoloženja
muškaraca i žena
muškaraca i žena
14:23
are more similar than different,
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više slična nego različita,
pa hajde da se udaljimo
pa hajde da se udaljimo
14:25
so let's walk away from
the tired old PMS myth of women as witches
the tired old PMS myth of women as witches
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od starog istrošenog mita o PMS-u i ženama
kao vešticama i prihvatimo stvarnost
kao vešticama i prihvatimo stvarnost
14:31
and embrace the reality of high emotional
and professional functioning
and professional functioning
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visokog emocionalnog
i profesionalnog funkcionisanja
i profesionalnog funkcionisanja
14:35
the great majority of women
live every day.
live every day.
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sa kojima velika većina žena
živi svakoga dana.
živi svakoga dana.
14:39
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
(Aplauz)
14:41
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robyn Stein DeLuca - PsychologistRobyn Stein DeLuca asks, What do we really know about PMS?
Why you should listen
Robyn Stein DeLuca is a Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at Stony Brook University where she's taught Women's Studies through the lenses of psychology and healthcare for over fifteen years. DeLuca studies the psychology of pregnancy, including postpartum depression and the psychosocial consequences of cesarean delivery. For two years, she was the Executive Director of the Women in Science and Engineering (WISE) program at Stony Brook. In 2015, DeLuca received a graduate certificate in Religious Studies and Education from the Harvard Divinity School. She teaches and speaks often about the role of women in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
More profile about the speakerRobyn Stein DeLuca | Speaker | TED.com