TEDxSBU
Robyn Stein DeLuca: The good news about PMS
Robyn Stein Deluca: Dobre vijesti o PMS-u
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Opće je poznato da većina žena malo poludi prije nego dobiju mjesečnicu te njihovi reproduktivni hormoni uzrokuju divljanje emocija. Međutim; postoji jako mali znanstveni konsenzus o predmenstrualnom sindromu. Psihologinja Robyn Stein DeLuca tvrdi da ne postoji znanstvena suglasnost o definiciji, uzroku, liječenju ili pak postojanju PMS-a. Ona istražuje ono što znamo i što ne znamo o tome - i zašto popularni mit i dalje opstaje.
Robyn Stein DeLuca - Psychologist
Robyn Stein DeLuca asks, What do we really know about PMS? Full bio
Robyn Stein DeLuca asks, What do we really know about PMS? Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
How many people here have heard of PMS?
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Koliko vas je čulo za PMS?
00:17
Everybody, right?
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Svi, je li tako?
00:18
Everyone knows that women
go a little crazy
go a little crazy
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Svi znamo da žene malo polude
00:21
right before they get their period,
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neposredno prije mjesečnice,
00:24
that the menstrual cycle throws them
onto an inevitable hormonal roller coaster
onto an inevitable hormonal roller coaster
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da ih menstrualni ciklus baci u
hormonalni ringišpil
hormonalni ringišpil
00:28
of irrationality and irritability.
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nerazumnosti i živčanosti.
00:31
There's a general assumption
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Postoji opća pretpostavka
00:32
that fluctuations in reproductive hormones
cause extreme emotions
cause extreme emotions
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da promjene u reproduktivnim hormonima
uzrokuju intenzivne osjećaje
uzrokuju intenzivne osjećaje
00:37
and that the great majority of women
are affected by this.
are affected by this.
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i da je velika većina žena pogođena time.
00:41
Well, I am here to tell you
that scientific evidence says
that scientific evidence says
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Pa, ja sam tu da vam kažem
da znansveni dokazi govore
da znansveni dokazi govore
00:44
neither of those assumptions is true.
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da nijedna od ovih pretpostavki
nije točna.
nije točna.
00:46
I'm here to give you
the good news about PMS.
the good news about PMS.
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Ja sam tu da vam prenesem
dobre vijesti o PMS-u
dobre vijesti o PMS-u
00:50
But first, let's take a look
at how firmly the idea of PMS
at how firmly the idea of PMS
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Ali prvo, pogledajmo
koliko je ideja o PMS-u
koliko je ideja o PMS-u
00:54
is entrenched in American culture.
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ukorijenjena u američku kulturu.
00:56
If you examine newspaper
or magazine articles,
or magazine articles,
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Ako proučite novine
ili članke u časopisima
ili članke u časopisima
01:00
you'll see how widely assumed it is
that everyone gets PMS.
that everyone gets PMS.
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primjetit ćete koliko je raširena ideja
da svaka žena ima PMS
da svaka žena ima PMS
01:04
In an article in the magazine Redbook
titled "You: PMS Free,"
titled "You: PMS Free,"
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U jednom članku u časopisu Redbook
s naslovom "Ti: Bez PMS-a,"
s naslovom "Ti: Bez PMS-a,"
01:09
readers were informed that between 80
to 90 percent of women suffer from PMS.
to 90 percent of women suffer from PMS.
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čitatelji su saznali da između 80 i 90
posto žena pati od PMS-a.
posto žena pati od PMS-a.
01:15
L.A. Muscle magazine warned its readers
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L.A. Muscle časopis upozorava
svoje čitatelje
svoje čitatelje
01:18
that 40 to 50 percent of women
suffer from PMS,
suffer from PMS,
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da između 40 i 50 posto žena
pati od PMS-a,
pati od PMS-a,
01:21
and that it plays a major role
in women's mental and physical health,
in women's mental and physical health,
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i da on ima važnu ulogu
u mentalnom i fizičkom zdravlju žena,
u mentalnom i fizičkom zdravlju žena,
01:26
and a couple of years ago,
even the Wall Street Journal
even the Wall Street Journal
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a prije nekoliko godina,
čak je i Wall Street Journal
čak je i Wall Street Journal
01:29
ran an article on calcium
as a treatment for PMS,
as a treatment for PMS,
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objavio članak o kalciju
kao sredstvu borbe s PMS-om
kao sredstvu borbe s PMS-om
01:32
asking its female readers,
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pitajući svoje čitateljice,
01:34
"Do you turn into a witch every month?"
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"Pretvarate li se u vješticu
svaki mjesec?"
svaki mjesec?"
01:36
From all these articles, you would think
there must be a mountain of research
there must be a mountain of research
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Promatrajući sve ove članke, zaključujete
da sigurno postoji hrpa istraživanja
da sigurno postoji hrpa istraživanja
01:40
verifying the widespread nature of PMS.
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koja potvrđuju ovu široko
poznatu prirodu PMS-a
poznatu prirodu PMS-a
01:44
However, after five decades of research,
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Međutim, nakon pet desetljeća istraživanja
01:47
there's no strong consensus
on the definition, the cause,
on the definition, the cause,
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ne postoji opća suglasnost, o
definiciji, uzroku,
definiciji, uzroku,
01:52
the treatment, or even
the existence of PMS.
the existence of PMS.
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liječenju, ili čak postojanju PMS-a.
01:56
As most commonly defined by psychologists,
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Kako ga najčešće definiraju psiholozi,
01:59
PMS involves negative behavioral,
cognitive and physical symptoms
cognitive and physical symptoms
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PMS podrazumijeva negativno ponašanje,
kognitivne i fizičke simptome
kognitivne i fizičke simptome
02:04
from the time of ovulation
to menstruation.
to menstruation.
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od vremena ovulacije do menstruacije
02:07
But here's where it gets tricky.
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Ali evo gdje postaje zamršeno,
02:09
Over 150 different symptoms
have been used to diagnose PMS,
have been used to diagnose PMS,
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Preko 150 različitih simptoma je
korišteno za dijagnozu PMS-a,
korišteno za dijagnozu PMS-a,
02:14
and here are just a few of those.
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a ovo su samo neki od njih.
02:16
Now, I want to be clear here.
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Želim biti jasna ovdje.
02:18
I'm not saying women don't get
some of these symptoms.
some of these symptoms.
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Ne kažem da žene nemaju
neke od ovih simptoma
neke od ovih simptoma
02:21
What I'm saying is that
getting some of these symptoms
getting some of these symptoms
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Ono što govorim je da
postojanje nekih od ovih simptoma
postojanje nekih od ovih simptoma
02:24
doesn't amount to a mental disorder,
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ne znači i mentalni poremećaj,
02:27
and when psychologists
come up with a disorder
come up with a disorder
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i kada psiholozi detektiraju poremećaj
02:30
that's so vaguely defined,
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koji je tako nejasno definiran,
02:33
the label eventually becomes meaningless.
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to obilježje konačno postaje besmisleno.
02:36
With a list of symptoms
this long and wide,
this long and wide,
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Sa ovako širokim i dugačkim
popisom simptoma,
popisom simptoma,
02:39
I could have PMS, you could have PMS,
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Moguće je da ja imam PMS, da vi imate PMS
02:42
the guy in the third row here
could have PMS,
could have PMS,
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dečko u trećem redu može imati PMS
02:44
my dog could have PMS.
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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moj pas može imati PMS.
(Smijeh)
(Smijeh)
02:48
Some researchers said
you had to have five symptoms.
you had to have five symptoms.
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Neki istraživači tvrde da
treba imati pet simptoma
treba imati pet simptoma
02:50
Some said three.
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Neki kažu tri.
02:52
Other researchers said that symptoms
were only meaningful
were only meaningful
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Drugi istraživači tvrde da simptomi
nešto znače
nešto znače
02:55
if they were highly disturbing to you,
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jedino ako vas jako uznemiruju,
02:57
but others said minor symptoms
were just as important.
were just as important.
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a drugi govore da su manji simptomi
jednako važni.
jednako važni.
03:00
For many years, because
there was no standardization
there was no standardization
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Dugi niz godina, zbog
nepostojanja standardizacije
nepostojanja standardizacije
03:03
in the definition of PMS,
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kod definiranja PMS-a
03:05
when psychologists tried
to report prevalence rates,
to report prevalence rates,
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kada su psiholozi pokušali
izvijestiti o stopi rasprostranjenosti
izvijestiti o stopi rasprostranjenosti
03:08
their estimates ranged
from five percent of women
from five percent of women
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njihove procjene su se protezale
od 5 posto žena
od 5 posto žena
03:11
to 97 percent of women,
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do 97 posto žena,
03:13
so at the same time almost no one
and almost everyone had PMS.
and almost everyone had PMS.
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tako da u isto vrijeme skoro
nitko nije imao PMS, ali i skoro svi.
nitko nije imao PMS, ali i skoro svi.
03:19
Overall, the weaknesses in the methods
of research on PMS have been considerable.
of research on PMS have been considerable.
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Općenito, nedostaci u metodama
istraživanja PMS-a su bili značajni.
istraživanja PMS-a su bili značajni.
03:26
First, many studies asked women
to report their symptoms retrospectively,
to report their symptoms retrospectively,
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Mnoga istraživanja su tražila žene da
svoje simptome retrospektivno poredaju
svoje simptome retrospektivno poredaju
03:31
looking to the past and relying on memory,
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gledajući u prošlost i
oslanjajući se na sjećanja
oslanjajući se na sjećanja
03:34
which is known to inflate reporting of PMS
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za što je poznato da izvješće
o PMS-u učini prenapuhanim.
o PMS-u učini prenapuhanim.
03:37
compared to what's called
prospective reporting,
prospective reporting,
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u usporedbi sa onim što se naziva
prospektivno izvješće,
prospektivno izvješće,
03:41
which involves keeping
a daily log of symptoms
a daily log of symptoms
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koje uključuje svakodnevni
unos simptoma u dnevnik
unos simptoma u dnevnik
03:43
for at least two months in a row.
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u razdoblju od najmanje 2 mjeseca zaredom
03:45
Many studies also exclusively focused
on white, middle-class women,
on white, middle-class women,
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Mnoge studije su se usredotočile
isključivo na bjelkinje, iz srednje klase
isključivo na bjelkinje, iz srednje klase
03:50
which makes it problematic
to apply study findings to all women.
to apply study findings to all women.
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zbog čega je problematično primijeniti
rezultate istraživanja na sve žene.
rezultate istraživanja na sve žene.
03:55
We know there's a strong
cultural component to the belief in PMS
cultural component to the belief in PMS
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Znamo da postoji snažna kulturološka
sastavnica u vjerovanju postojanja PMS-a
sastavnica u vjerovanju postojanja PMS-a
03:59
because it's nearly unheard of
outside of Western nations.
outside of Western nations.
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zato što se za njega gotovo
i ne zna izvan zapadnih zemalja.
i ne zna izvan zapadnih zemalja.
04:03
Third, many studies failed
to use control groups.
to use control groups.
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Treće, mnoga istraživanja nisu uspjela
koristiti kontrolne grupe
koristiti kontrolne grupe
04:07
If we want to understand
the specific characteristics
the specific characteristics
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Ako želimo razumjeti
posebne karakteristike
posebne karakteristike
04:10
of women who have PMS,
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žena koje imaju PMS,
04:11
we need to be able to compare them
to women who don't have PMS.
to women who don't have PMS.
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moramo biti u mogućnosti usporediti
ih sa ženama koje nemaju PMS.
ih sa ženama koje nemaju PMS.
04:15
And finally, many different types
of questionnaires were used
of questionnaires were used
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I na kraju, korišteno je
puno različitih vrsta upitnika
puno različitih vrsta upitnika
04:19
to diagnose PMS, focusing
on different symptoms,
on different symptoms,
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za dijagnoziranje PMS-a, koji su se
usredotočili na različite simptome.
usredotočili na različite simptome.
04:23
symptom duration and severity.
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simptome trajanja i jačine.
04:25
To do reliable research on any condition,
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Kako bi proveli pouzdano
istraživanje bilo kojeg stanja,
istraživanje bilo kojeg stanja,
04:28
scientists must agree
on the specific characteristics
on the specific characteristics
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znanstvenici se moraju složiti
oko specifičnih karakteristika
oko specifičnih karakteristika
04:31
that make up that condition
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koje uzrokuju to stanje
04:33
so they're all talking
about the same thing,
about the same thing,
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tako da svi govore o istoj stvari
04:35
and with PMS, this has not been the case.
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a kod PMS-a to nije bio slučaj.
04:39
However, in 1994,
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Međutim, 1994.,
04:41
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders,
of Mental Disorders,
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Dijagnostički i Statistički Priručnik
Mentalnih Poremećaja
Mentalnih Poremećaja
04:45
known as the DSM, thankfully --
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poznat kao (DSM), srećom --
04:47
it's also the manual
for mental health professionals --
for mental health professionals --
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također je priručnik
za stručnjake mentalnog zdravlja --
za stručnjake mentalnog zdravlja --
04:51
they redefined PMS as PMDD,
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oni su redefinirali PMS u PMDD
04:55
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.
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Premenstrualni disforični poremećaj
04:58
And dysphoria refers to
a feeling of agitation or unease.
a feeling of agitation or unease.
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A disforija se odnosi na
osjećaj uzrujanosti i nelagode.
osjećaj uzrujanosti i nelagode.
05:04
And according to these new DSM guidelines,
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Prema novim uputstvima DSM-a,
(Dijagnostički i Statistički Priručnik Mentalnih Poremećaja)
(Dijagnostički i Statistički Priručnik Mentalnih Poremećaja)
05:07
in most menstrual cycles in the last year,
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u većini menstrualnih
ciklusa prošle godine
ciklusa prošle godine
05:10
at least five of 11 possible symptoms
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najmanje 5 od 11 mogućih simptoma
05:14
must appear in the week
before menstruation starts;
before menstruation starts;
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mora se pojaviti u tjednu prije
nego menstruacija započne;
nego menstruacija započne;
05:17
the symptoms must improve
once menstruation has begun;
once menstruation has begun;
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simptomi se moraju pojačati
nakon što menstruacija započne;
nakon što menstruacija započne;
05:21
and the symptoms must be absent
the week after menstruation has ended.
the week after menstruation has ended.
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i simptomi ne smiju postojati tjedan
dana nakon što je menstruacija završila
dana nakon što je menstruacija završila
05:27
One of these symptoms must come
from this list of four:
from this list of four:
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Jedan od tih simptoma mora
biti sa popisa ova četiri:
biti sa popisa ova četiri:
05:30
marked mood swings, irritability,
anxiety, or depression.
anxiety, or depression.
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značajne promjene raspoloženja, živčanost
tjeskoba, ili depresija.
tjeskoba, ili depresija.
05:35
The other symptoms could come
from the first slide
from the first slide
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Ostali simptomi mogu biti sa prvog slajda
05:38
or from those on the second slide,
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ili sa drugog slajda
05:40
including symptoms like
feeling out of control
feeling out of control
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uključujući simptome poput
osjećaja gubitka kontrole
osjećaja gubitka kontrole
05:43
and changes in sleep or appetite.
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i promjene u spavanju ili apetitu.
05:46
The DSM also required now
that the symptoms
that the symptoms
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Također DSM sada propisuje
da simptomi
da simptomi
05:50
should be associated with
clinically significant distress --
clinically significant distress --
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trebaju biti povezani sa
klinički značajnim neraspoloženjem --
klinički značajnim neraspoloženjem --
05:54
there should be some kind
of disturbance in work
of disturbance in work
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treba postojati neka vrsta
smetnje u radu
smetnje u radu
05:57
or school or social relationships --
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ili u školi ili socijalnim vezama --
06:00
and that symptoms and symptom severity
should now be documented
should now be documented
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i ti simptomi i jakost simptoma
sada trebaju biti dokumentirani
sada trebaju biti dokumentirani
06:04
by keeping a daily log
for at least two cycles in a row.
for at least two cycles in a row.
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vodeći dnevnik
za najmanje dva ciklusa zaredom.
za najmanje dva ciklusa zaredom.
06:08
And finally, the DSM required that
the emotional disturbance
the emotional disturbance
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I na kraju, DSM nalaže da
emocionalni poremećaj
emocionalni poremećaj
06:12
should be more than simply an exacerbation
of an already existing disorder.
of an already existing disorder.
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mora biti više od jednostavnog pogoršanja
zbog već postojećeg poremećaja.
zbog već postojećeg poremećaja.
06:17
So scientifically speaking,
this is an improvement.
this is an improvement.
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Znanstveno govoreći,
ovo je poboljšanje.
ovo je poboljšanje.
06:20
We now have a limited number of symptoms,
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Sada imamo ograničen broj simptoma,
06:23
and a high impact on functioning
that's required,
that's required,
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i velik utjecaj na
funkcioniranje koji je nužan,
funkcioniranje koji je nužan,
06:26
and the reporting and timing of symptoms
have both become very specific.
have both become very specific.
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i bilježenje i vremenski okvir simptoma
su postali vrlo specifični.
su postali vrlo specifični.
06:32
Well, using this criteria
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Dakle, koristeći ove kriterije
06:35
and looking at most recent studies,
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i gledajući najnovija istraživanja,
06:37
we see that on average,
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primjećujemo da u prosjeku,
06:38
three to eight percent of women
suffer from PMDD.
suffer from PMDD.
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tri do osam posto žena pati od PMDD-a.
06:44
Not all women, not most women,
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Niti sve žene, niti mnoštvo žena,
06:47
not the majority of women,
not even a lot of women:
not even a lot of women:
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niti većina žena,
čak ni puno žena:
čak ni puno žena:
06:50
three to eight percent.
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tri do osam posto.
06:52
For everyone else, variables
like stressful events or happy occasions
like stressful events or happy occasions
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Za sve ostale, varijable
poput stresnih događaja ili veselih prigoda
poput stresnih događaja ili veselih prigoda
06:57
or even day of the week
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ili čak dan u tjednu
06:59
are more powerful predictors of mood
than time of the month,
than time of the month,
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snažnije utječu na raspoloženje,
nego razdoblje u mjesecu,
nego razdoblje u mjesecu,
07:04
and this is the information
the scientific community has had
the scientific community has had
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i ovo je informacija
koju znanstvena zajednica posjeduje
koju znanstvena zajednica posjeduje
07:07
since the 1990s.
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od 1990-ih.
07:08
In 2002, my colleagues and I
published an article
published an article
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Moji kolege i ja smo
2002. g. objavili članak
2002. g. objavili članak
07:11
describing the PMS and PMDD research,
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koji opisuje istraživanje PMS-a i PMDD-a,
07:14
and several similar articles have appeared
in psychology journals.
in psychology journals.
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i nekoliko sličnih članaka se pojavilo
u novinama psihološke tematike
u novinama psihološke tematike
07:19
The questions is, why hasn't this
information trickled down to the public?
information trickled down to the public?
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Pitanje je, zašto ova informacija
nije došla do javnosti?
nije došla do javnosti?
07:23
Why do these myths persist?
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Zašto ovi mitovi opstaju?
07:27
Well, certainly the onslaught
of messages that women receive
of messages that women receive
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Pa, zasigurno navala poruka
koje žene primaju
koje žene primaju
07:30
from books, TV, movies, the Internet,
that everyone gets PMS
that everyone gets PMS
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iz knjiga, sa televizije, iz filmova i
s interneta da svi dobivaju PMS
s interneta da svi dobivaju PMS
07:35
go a long way in convincing them
it must be true.
it must be true.
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traje jako dugo i uvjerava
ih da je to zasigurno istina
ih da je to zasigurno istina
07:39
Research tells us that the more
a woman believes that everyone gets PMS,
a woman believes that everyone gets PMS,
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Istraživanja nam govore da što više
žena vjeruje da sve ostale dobivaju PMS
žena vjeruje da sve ostale dobivaju PMS
07:44
the more likely she is
to erroneously report that she has it.
to erroneously report that she has it.
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veća je šansa da će pogrešno
tvrditi da ga i ona ima.
tvrditi da ga i ona ima.
07:48
Let me tell you what I mean
by "erroneously."
by "erroneously."
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Reći ću vam što mislim pod
pojmom "pogrešno"
pojmom "pogrešno"
07:50
You might ask her, "Do you have PMS?"
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Možda ćete ju pitati: "Imate li PMS?"
07:53
and she says yes,
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i ona će reći da,
07:54
but then, when you have her
keep a daily log
keep a daily log
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ali, kada 2 mjeseca vodi dnevnik
07:57
of psychological symptoms for two months,
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o psihološkim simptomima
07:59
no correlation is found
between her symptoms
between her symptoms
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ne postoji povezanost
između njezinih simptoma
između njezinih simptoma
08:02
and time of the month.
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i razdoblja u mjesecu
08:05
Another reason for
the persistence of the PMS myth
the persistence of the PMS myth
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Još jedan razlog opstojnosti mita o PMS-u
08:09
has to do with the narrow boundaries
of the feminine role.
of the feminine role.
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ima veze sa tijesnim granicama uloga žene.
08:12
Feminist psychologists like Joan Chrisler
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Feministički psiholozi poput Joan Chrisler
08:15
have suggested that
taking on the label of PMS
taking on the label of PMS
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sugeriraju da prihvaćanje
obilježja PMS-a
obilježja PMS-a
08:19
allows women to express emotions that
would otherwise be considered unladylike.
would otherwise be considered unladylike.
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dozvoljava ženama da iskažu emocije
koje bi se inače tumačile neotmjenima.
koje bi se inače tumačile neotmjenima.
08:24
The near universal definition
of a good woman
of a good woman
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Skoro pa opća definicija dobre žene je
08:28
is one who is happy, loving,
caring for others,
caring for others,
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da je to ona koja je sretna,
puna ljubavi, brižna
puna ljubavi, brižna
08:31
and taking great satisfaction
from that role.
from that role.
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i uživa u toj ulozi.
08:34
Well, PMS has become a permission slip
to be angry, complain, be irritated,
to be angry, complain, be irritated,
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Pa, PMS je postao dozvola za ljutnju,
prigovaranje, živčanost
prigovaranje, živčanost
08:39
without losing the title of good woman.
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bez gubljenja titule dobre žene.
08:43
We know that the variables
in a woman's environment
in a woman's environment
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Znamo da varijable
u ženinu okruženju
u ženinu okruženju
08:47
are much more likely to cause her
to be angry than her hormones,
to be angry than her hormones,
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imaju veći utjecaj na stvaranje ljutnje
nego njezini hormoni.
nego njezini hormoni.
08:50
but when she attributes anger to hormones,
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ali kada ljutnju pripiše hormonima,
08:53
she's absolved
of responsibility or criticism.
of responsibility or criticism.
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ona se rješava odgovornosti ili kritike.
08:56
"Oh, that's not who she is.
It's out of her control."
It's out of her control."
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"Oh, nije ona takva inače.
To je izvan njene kontrole."
To je izvan njene kontrole."
08:59
And while this can be a useful tool,
it serves to invalidate women's emotions.
it serves to invalidate women's emotions.
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Iako ovo može biti koristan alat,
služi obezvređivanju ženskih emocija.
služi obezvređivanju ženskih emocija.
09:06
When people respond to a woman's anger
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Kada ljudi na ljutnju žene reagiraju
09:09
with the thought, "Oh,
it's just that time of the month,"
it's just that time of the month,"
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mišlju: "Oh, ono vrijeme u mjesecu je,"
09:12
her ability to be taken seriously
or effect change is severely limited.
or effect change is severely limited.
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mogućnost da ju shvate ozbiljno ili
da utječe na promjenu je jako ograničena
da utječe na promjenu je jako ograničena
09:17
So who else benefits from the myth of PMS?
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Dakle, tko još ima koristi od mita o PMS-u?
09:21
Well, I can tell you that treating PMS
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Pa, mogu vam reći da je liječenje PMS-a
09:23
has become a profitable,
thriving industry.
thriving industry.
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postao profitabilna,
rastuća industrija.
rastuća industrija.
09:27
Amazon.com currently offers
over 1,900 books on PMS treatment.
over 1,900 books on PMS treatment.
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Amazon.com trenutno nudi
preko 9.000 knjiga o liječenju PMS-a.
preko 9.000 knjiga o liječenju PMS-a.
09:34
A quick Google search
will bring up a cornucopia
will bring up a cornucopia
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Brza pretraga na Google-u
pokazat će izobilje
pokazat će izobilje
09:37
of clinics, workshops and seminars.
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klinika, radionica i seminara.
09:40
Reputable Internet sources
of medical information
of medical information
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Ugledni internetski izvori
medicinskih informacija
medicinskih informacija
09:43
like WebMD or the Mayo Clinic
list PMS as a known disorder.
list PMS as a known disorder.
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poput WebMD ili Mayo Clinic
navode PMS kao poznati poremećaj
navode PMS kao poznati poremećaj
09:48
It's not a known disorder,
but they list it.
but they list it.
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Nije poznati poremećaj,
ali oni ga navode
ali oni ga navode
09:51
And they also list the medications that
physicians have prescribed to treat it,
physicians have prescribed to treat it,
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I oni također navode lijekove
koje su liječnici prepisali za liječenje,
koje su liječnici prepisali za liječenje,
09:55
like anti-depressants or hormones.
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poput antidepresiva ili hormona.
09:58
Interestingly, though, both websites
say that the success of medication
say that the success of medication
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Interesantno, obje stranice tvrde
da uspjeh lijekova
da uspjeh lijekova
10:03
in treating PMS symptoms
vary from woman to woman.
vary from woman to woman.
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4087
u liječenju PMS-a
varira od žene do žene.
varira od žene do žene.
10:07
Well, that doesn't make sense.
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Pa, to nema smisla.
10:09
If you've got a distinct disorder
with a distinct cause,
with a distinct cause,
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Ako imaš jasan poremećaj
sa jasnim uzrokom,
sa jasnim uzrokom,
10:12
which PMS is supposed to be,
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1950
što bi PMS i trebao biti
10:14
then the treatment should bring
improvement for a great number of women.
improvement for a great number of women.
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onda bi liječenje trebalo
poboljšati stanje velikom broju žena.
poboljšati stanje velikom broju žena.
10:17
This has not been the case
with these treatments,
with these treatments,
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Ovo nije bio slučaj
sa ovim liječenjem,
sa ovim liječenjem,
10:20
and FDA regulations say that
for a drug to be deemed effective,
for a drug to be deemed effective,
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4110
i FDA propisi govore da veliki dio
ciljane populacije mora vidjeti
ciljane populacije mora vidjeti
10:24
a large portion of the target population
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značajna klinička poboljšanja
10:26
should see clinically
significant improvement.
significant improvement.
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3158
kako bi se lijek smatrao učinkovitim.
10:29
So we have not had that at all
with these so-called treatments.
with these so-called treatments.
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Dakle ništa od toga nismo imali
u ovim takozvanim liječenjima.
u ovim takozvanim liječenjima.
10:33
However, the financial gain
of perpetuating the myth
of perpetuating the myth
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4313
Međutim, financijska dobit
u održavanju mita
u održavanju mita
10:38
that PMS is a common mental disorder
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da je PMS uobičajen mentalni poremečaj
10:41
and is treatable is quite substantial.
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i da je izlječiv je prilično pozamašna.
10:45
When women are prescribed
drugs like anti-depressants or hormones,
drugs like anti-depressants or hormones,
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Kada ženama propišu lijekove poput
antidepresiva ili hormona
antidepresiva ili hormona
10:48
medical protocol requires that they have
physician follow-up every three months.
physician follow-up every three months.
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5109
medicinski protokol zahtjeva da
imaju liječnički pregled svaka 3 mjeseca.
imaju liječnički pregled svaka 3 mjeseca.
10:53
That's a lot of doctor visits.
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1973
To je puno posjeta doktoru.
10:55
Pharmaceutical companies
reap untold profits
reap untold profits
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2508
Farmaceutske tvrtke ubiru neopisive profite
10:58
when women are convinced
they should take a prescribed medication
they should take a prescribed medication
189
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3924
kada su žene uvjerene da
trebaju uzimati propisane lijekove
trebaju uzimati propisane lijekove
11:02
for all of their child-bearing lives.
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tijekom cijelog reprodukcijskog razdoblja.
11:05
Over-the-counter drugs like Midol
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Lijekovi bez recepta poput Midola
11:07
even claim to treat PMS symptoms
like tension and irritability,
like tension and irritability,
192
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4412
čak tvrde da liječe simptome
poput napetosti i živčanosti,
poput napetosti i živčanosti,
11:12
even though they only contain
a diuretic, a pain reliever
a diuretic, a pain reliever
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3993
iako sadrže samo
diuretik, analgetik
diuretik, analgetik
11:16
and caffeine.
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664169
1974
i kofein.
11:18
Now, far be it from me to argue
with the magical powers of caffeine,
with the magical powers of caffeine,
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3436
Daleko od toga da ću ja raspravljati
o čarobnim moćima kofeina
o čarobnim moćima kofeina
11:21
but I don't think reducing tension
is one of them.
is one of them.
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ali smatram da smanjenje
napetosti nije jedna od njih
napetosti nije jedna od njih
11:25
Since 2002, Midol has marketed
a Teen Midol to adolescents.
a Teen Midol to adolescents.
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6566
Od 2002., Midol promovira
Teen Midol adolescentima.
Teen Midol adolescentima.
11:32
They are aiming at young girls early,
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2830
Ciljaju na mlade djevojke vrlo rano,
11:35
to convince them that everyone gets PMS
and that it will make you a monster,
and that it will make you a monster,
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da ih uvjere da svatko dobiva PMS
i da će ih učiniti čudovištima.
i da će ih učiniti čudovištima.
11:39
but wait, there's something
you can do about it:
you can do about it:
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ali čekaj, postoji nešto
što možeš poduzeti u vezi toga:
što možeš poduzeti u vezi toga:
11:41
Take Midol and you will be
a human being again.
a human being again.
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Uzmi Midol i opet ćeš biti ljudsko biće
11:44
In 2013, Midol took in 48 million dollars
in sales revenue.
in sales revenue.
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6524
U 2013., Midol je ostvario 48 milijuna
dolara prinosa od prodaje,
dolara prinosa od prodaje,
11:51
So while perpetuating the myth of PMS
has been lucrative for some,
has been lucrative for some,
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4650
Iako je održavanje mita o PMS-u
unosno za neke,
unosno za neke,
11:56
it comes with some serious
adverse consequences for women.
adverse consequences for women.
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dolazi do ozbiljnih štetnih
posljedica za žene.
posljedica za žene.
12:00
First, it contributes
to the medicalization
to the medicalization
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2554
Prvo, to pridonosi
medikalizaciji
medikalizaciji
12:02
of women's reproductive health.
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2670
ženskog reproduktivnog zdravlja.
12:05
The medical field has a long history
of conceptualizing
of conceptualizing
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Medicinsko polje ima
dugu povijest gledanja
dugu povijest gledanja
12:08
women's reproductive processes
as illnesses that require treatment,
as illnesses that require treatment,
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5410
na ženski reproduktivni proces,
kao na bolesti koje zahtijevaju liječenje,
kao na bolesti koje zahtijevaju liječenje,
12:14
and this has come at many costs,
including excessive Cesarean deliveries,
including excessive Cesarean deliveries,
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4110
i to je došlo na naplatu,uključujući
pretjeran broj poroda carskim rezom,
pretjeran broj poroda carskim rezom,
12:18
hysterectomies and prescribed
hormone treatments
hormone treatments
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histeroktomiju i propisane
tretmane hormonima
tretmane hormonima
12:20
that have harmed rather than enhanced
women's health.
women's health.
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4027
koji su više pogoršali nego poboljšali
zdravlje žena.
zdravlje žena.
12:25
Second, the PMS myth also contributes
to the stereotype of women
to the stereotype of women
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4830
Drugo, mit o PMS-u također pridonosi
sterotipizaciji žena
sterotipizaciji žena
12:30
as irrational and overemotional.
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3366
kao iracionalnih i preemotivnih.
12:33
When the menstrual cycle is described
as a hormonal roller coaster
as a hormonal roller coaster
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3739
Kada se mesntrualni ciklus opisuje
kao hormonalni ringišpil
kao hormonalni ringišpil
12:37
that turns women into angry beasts,
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2820
koji pretvara žene u bijesne zvijeri,
12:40
it becomes easy to question
the competence of all women.
the competence of all women.
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4345
kompetntnost svih žena
lako postaje upitna
lako postaje upitna
12:44
Women have made tremendous strides
in the workforce,
in the workforce,
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2819
Žene su ostvarile ogroman napredak
u radnoj snazi,
u radnoj snazi,
12:47
but still there's a minuscule number
of women at the highest echelons
of women at the highest echelons
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4063
ali još uvijek je premalen broj žena na
najvišim pozicijama,
najvišim pozicijama,
12:51
of fields like government or business,
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2740
primjerice u vladama ili poslovnom svijetu,
12:54
and when we think about
who makes for a good CEO or senator,
who makes for a good CEO or senator,
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4946
i kada razmislimo o tome
tko može bit dobar upravitelj ili senator,
tko može bit dobar upravitelj ili senator,
12:59
someone who has qualities like
rationality, steadiness, competence
rationality, steadiness, competence
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5119
netko tko ima kvalitete poput
racionalnosti, odlučnosti, kompetitivnosti
racionalnosti, odlučnosti, kompetitivnosti
13:04
come to mind,
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1509
prvo padaju na um
13:05
and in our culture, that sounds more
like a man than a woman,
like a man than a woman,
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3541
i u našoj kulturi to više zvuči kao
muškarac nego kao žena
muškarac nego kao žena
13:09
and the PMS myth contributes to that.
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3658
i mit o PMS-u pridonosi tome.
13:13
Psychologists know that
the moods of men and women
the moods of men and women
225
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3169
Psiholozi znaju da
raspoloženja žena i muškaraca
raspoloženja žena i muškaraca
13:16
are more similar than different.
226
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2833
imaju više sličnosti nego razlike.
13:19
One study followed men and women
for four to six months
for four to six months
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4063
U jednom istraživanju žene i muškarci
su praćeni četiri do šest mjeseci
su praćeni četiri do šest mjeseci
13:23
and found that the number
of mood swings they experienced
of mood swings they experienced
228
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3065
i utvrđeno je da je broj promjena
raspoloženja koje su doživjeli
raspoloženja koje su doživjeli
13:26
and the severity of those mood swings
were no different.
were no different.
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3854
i da razlika u jakosti tih promjena
nije postojala
nije postojala
13:30
And finally, the PMS myth
keeps women from dealing
keeps women from dealing
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4203
I na kraju, mit o PMS-u
odvlaći žene od suočavanja
odvlaći žene od suočavanja
13:34
with the actual issues
causing them emotional upset.
causing them emotional upset.
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4017
sa pravim problemima koji
uzrokuju emocionalnu uznemirenost.
uzrokuju emocionalnu uznemirenost.
13:38
Individual issues like
quality of relationship or work conditions
quality of relationship or work conditions
232
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4425
Individualni problemi poput
kvalitete veze ili radnih uvjeta
kvalitete veze ili radnih uvjeta
13:42
or societal issues like racism or sexism
or the daily grind of poverty
or the daily grind of poverty
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4504
ili društveni problemi poput rasizma ili
seksizma, svakodnevna borba sa siromaštvom
seksizma, svakodnevna borba sa siromaštvom
13:47
are all strongly related to daily mood.
234
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3344
su jako povezani sa dnevnim raspoloženjem.
13:50
Sweeping emotions under the rug of PMS
235
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3763
Metenje emocija pod tepih PMS-a
13:54
keeps women from understanding
the source of their negative emotions,
the source of their negative emotions,
236
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3852
odvlači žene od razumijevanja
izvora njihovih negativnih emocija,
izvora njihovih negativnih emocija,
13:58
but it also takes away the opportunity
to take any action to change them.
to take any action to change them.
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5368
ali također oduzima priliku
za poduzimanje akcije da ih se promijeni.
za poduzimanje akcije da ih se promijeni.
14:03
So the good news about PMS
238
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2829
Tako da su dobre vijesti o PMS-u
14:06
is that while some women get some symptoms
because of the menstrual cycle,
because of the menstrual cycle,
239
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4736
da dok nek žene imaju neke simptome
zbog menstrualnog ciklusa,
zbog menstrualnog ciklusa,
14:11
the great majority don't
get a mental disorder.
get a mental disorder.
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3553
velika većina
nema mentalni poremečaj.
nema mentalni poremečaj.
14:14
They go to work or school,
take care of their families,
take care of their families,
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One idu na posao ili u školu,
brinu o svojoj obitelji
brinu o svojoj obitelji
14:17
and function at a normal level.
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i funkcioniraju na normalnoj razini.
14:20
We know the emotions and moods
of men and women
of men and women
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Znam da su emocije i raspoloženje
žena i muškaraca
žena i muškaraca
14:23
are more similar than different,
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više slične nego različite,
14:25
so let's walk away from
the tired old PMS myth of women as witches
the tired old PMS myth of women as witches
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zato odbacimo umorni,
stari mit PMS-a o ženama vješticama
stari mit PMS-a o ženama vješticama
14:31
and embrace the reality of high emotional
and professional functioning
and professional functioning
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i prihvatimo stvarnost visoko emocionalnog
i profesionalnog funkcioniranja
i profesionalnog funkcioniranja
14:35
the great majority of women
live every day.
live every day.
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koju velika većina žena
proživljava svaki dan.
proživljava svaki dan.
14:39
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
14:41
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robyn Stein DeLuca - PsychologistRobyn Stein DeLuca asks, What do we really know about PMS?
Why you should listen
Robyn Stein DeLuca is a Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at Stony Brook University where she's taught Women's Studies through the lenses of psychology and healthcare for over fifteen years. DeLuca studies the psychology of pregnancy, including postpartum depression and the psychosocial consequences of cesarean delivery. For two years, she was the Executive Director of the Women in Science and Engineering (WISE) program at Stony Brook. In 2015, DeLuca received a graduate certificate in Religious Studies and Education from the Harvard Divinity School. She teaches and speaks often about the role of women in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
More profile about the speakerRobyn Stein DeLuca | Speaker | TED.com