TEDxSBU
Robyn Stein DeLuca: The good news about PMS
萝宾·斯泰因·德卢卡: 关于经前综合征的好消息
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大家都知道大多数女性会在月经来临前会变得有点疯狂，那是生殖激素导致的情绪上的剧烈波动。不过，大家并不知道，关于经前综合征的科学共识非常之少。心理学家萝宾·斯泰因·德卢卡说，科学界在经前综合征的定义、起因、治疗方案甚至它本身是否存在等方面没有达成共识。她探讨了我们所知道和不知道的关于它的事情——以及为什么这种大众迷思会得以持续。
Robyn Stein DeLuca - Psychologist
Robyn Stein DeLuca asks, What do we really know about PMS? Full bio
Robyn Stein DeLuca asks, What do we really know about PMS? Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
How many people here have heard of PMS?
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在座各位有多少听说过经前综合征？
00:17
Everybody, right?
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所有人都听说过，对吗？
00:18
Everyone knows that women
go a little crazy
go a little crazy
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大家都知道女人在月经来潮前
00:21
right before they get their period,
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会变得有点狂躁，
00:24
that the menstrual cycle throws them
onto an inevitable hormonal roller coaster
onto an inevitable hormonal roller coaster
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这种生理周期将她们拋上一架
无法避免的荷尔蒙过山车，
无法避免的荷尔蒙过山车，
00:28
of irrationality and irritability.
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满载着不理性和易怒。
00:31
There's a general assumption
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这里有个普遍的假设，
00:32
that fluctuations in reproductive hormones
cause extreme emotions
cause extreme emotions
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就是生殖激素的波动会导致极端情绪，
00:37
and that the great majority of women
are affected by this.
are affected by this.
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大多数女性都会受此影响。
00:41
Well, I am here to tell you
that scientific evidence says
that scientific evidence says
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而在这里要告诉你们，有科学证据表明，
00:44
neither of those assumptions is true.
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以上假设并不成立。
00:46
I'm here to give you
the good news about PMS.
the good news about PMS.
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我来这儿是要你们带来些
关于经前综合症的好消息。
关于经前综合症的好消息。
00:50
But first, let's take a look
at how firmly the idea of PMS
at how firmly the idea of PMS
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但是首先，让我们来看一下
经前综合征的观念
经前综合征的观念
00:54
is entrenched in American culture.
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在美国文化中是多么的根深蒂固。
00:56
If you examine newspaper
or magazine articles,
or magazine articles,
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如果你去查阅报刊杂志中的文章，
01:00
you'll see how widely assumed it is
that everyone gets PMS.
that everyone gets PMS.
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就会发现”每个女人都有经前综合征“
这个假设有多么普遍。
这个假设有多么普遍。
01:04
In an article in the magazine Redbook
titled "You: PMS Free,"
titled "You: PMS Free,"
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REDBOOK杂志有一篇文章，
标题为《你：从经前综合征解放》，
标题为《你：从经前综合征解放》，
01:09
readers were informed that between 80
to 90 percent of women suffer from PMS.
to 90 percent of women suffer from PMS.
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读者被告知80%到90%的女性
都为经前综合征所扰。
都为经前综合征所扰。
01:15
L.A. Muscle magazine warned its readers
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L.A. Muscle杂志警告它的读者，
01:18
that 40 to 50 percent of women
suffer from PMS,
suffer from PMS,
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40%到50%的女性有经前综合征，
01:21
and that it plays a major role
in women's mental and physical health,
in women's mental and physical health,
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并且它主导着女性的身心健康。
01:26
and a couple of years ago,
even the Wall Street Journal
even the Wall Street Journal
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几年前，甚至《华尔街日报》
也刊登过一篇文章，
也刊登过一篇文章，
01:29
ran an article on calcium
as a treatment for PMS,
as a treatment for PMS,
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介绍经前综合征的钙疗法，
01:32
asking its female readers,
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并且向其女性读者设问：
“你每月都会变女巫吗？”
01:34
"Do you turn into a witch every month?"
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01:36
From all these articles, you would think
there must be a mountain of research
there must be a mountain of research
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通过所有的这些文章，你可能会认为
应该已经有小山一般的大量研究
应该已经有小山一般的大量研究
01:40
verifying the widespread nature of PMS.
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证实了经前综合征普遍存在的本质。
01:44
However, after five decades of research,
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然而，经过50年的研究，
01:47
there's no strong consensus
on the definition, the cause,
on the definition, the cause,
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人们并没有在对经前综合征的
定义、起因、疗法
定义、起因、疗法
01:52
the treatment, or even
the existence of PMS.
the existence of PMS.
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甚至它本身是否存在等方面
达成强有力的共识。
达成强有力的共识。
01:56
As most commonly defined by psychologists,
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按照心理学家最常用的定义，
01:59
PMS involves negative behavioral,
cognitive and physical symptoms
cognitive and physical symptoms
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经前综合征包含了负面的行为、认知
和身体上的一系列症状，
和身体上的一系列症状，
02:04
from the time of ovulation
to menstruation.
to menstruation.
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从排卵期延续到月经期。
02:07
But here's where it gets tricky.
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但它的棘手之处在于
有超过150种不同的症状
被用来诊断经前综合征，
被用来诊断经前综合征，
02:09
Over 150 different symptoms
have been used to diagnose PMS,
have been used to diagnose PMS,
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02:14
and here are just a few of those.
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这里列举了其中一些。
02:16
Now, I want to be clear here.
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我想澄清一点，
02:18
I'm not saying women don't get
some of these symptoms.
some of these symptoms.
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我不是说女性不会出现这些症状，
02:21
What I'm saying is that
getting some of these symptoms
getting some of these symptoms
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而是说即使出现了其中一些症状，
02:24
doesn't amount to a mental disorder,
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也不意味着就有精神障碍，
02:27
and when psychologists
come up with a disorder
come up with a disorder
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而当心理学家提到精神障碍时，
02:30
that's so vaguely defined,
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这是一个很模糊的定义，
02:33
the label eventually becomes meaningless.
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所以这个标签也就变得毫无意义了。
02:36
With a list of symptoms
this long and wide,
this long and wide,
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按照这么一份冗长的、
涵盖甚广的症状清单，
涵盖甚广的症状清单，
02:39
I could have PMS, you could have PMS,
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经前综合征我可能有、你可能有、
02:42
the guy in the third row here
could have PMS,
could have PMS,
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坐第三排那位男士可能有、
02:44
my dog could have PMS.
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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我的狗也可能有。（笑声）
02:48
Some researchers said
you had to have five symptoms.
you had to have five symptoms.
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有些研究员说，
你必须同时满足五条症状，
你必须同时满足五条症状，
02:50
Some said three.
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而另一些人说只要三条。
02:52
Other researchers said that symptoms
were only meaningful
were only meaningful
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有些研究员说，
只有当那些症状严重到会
只有当那些症状严重到会
02:55
if they were highly disturbing to you,
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干扰你的正常生活时才有意义，
02:57
but others said minor symptoms
were just as important.
were just as important.
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但另一些人又说，
即使症状轻微也一样。
即使症状轻微也一样。
03:00
For many years, because
there was no standardization
there was no standardization
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多年来，因为没有一个
对经前综合征的标准定义，
03:03
in the definition of PMS,
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03:05
when psychologists tried
to report prevalence rates,
to report prevalence rates,
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所以当心理学家尝试去报告患病率时，
03:08
their estimates ranged
from five percent of women
from five percent of women
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他们的估算从5%
03:11
to 97 percent of women,
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到97%的女性不等，
03:13
so at the same time almost no one
and almost everyone had PMS.
and almost everyone had PMS.
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也就是说在同时，要么几乎没人有经前综合征，
要么几乎人人都有。
要么几乎人人都有。
03:19
Overall, the weaknesses in the methods
of research on PMS have been considerable.
of research on PMS have been considerable.
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总的来说，这些经前综合征的
研究方法有相当大的弊端。
研究方法有相当大的弊端。
03:26
First, many studies asked women
to report their symptoms retrospectively,
to report their symptoms retrospectively,
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首先，很多研究要求女性
回溯报告她们的症状，
回溯报告她们的症状，
03:31
looking to the past and relying on memory,
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回顾过去，仰赖记忆，
03:34
which is known to inflate reporting of PMS
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我们已知这种方法会夸大事实；
03:37
compared to what's called
prospective reporting,
prospective reporting,
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与之相较的另一种方法叫做前瞻性报告，
03:41
which involves keeping
a daily log of symptoms
a daily log of symptoms
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被测者要每天记录发生的症状，
03:43
for at least two months in a row.
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至少持续两个月的时间。
03:45
Many studies also exclusively focused
on white, middle-class women,
on white, middle-class women,
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还有很多研究仅关注中产阶级白人女性，
03:50
which makes it problematic
to apply study findings to all women.
to apply study findings to all women.
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而把研究成果应用到所有的女性时，
就会产生问题。
就会产生问题。
03:55
We know there's a strong
cultural component to the belief in PMS
cultural component to the belief in PMS
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我们知道关于经前综合征的观点
存在有很强的文化要素，
存在有很强的文化要素，
03:59
because it's nearly unheard of
outside of Western nations.
outside of Western nations.
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因为它在西方国家之外几乎闻所未闻。
04:03
Third, many studies failed
to use control groups.
to use control groups.
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第三，很多研究并没有使用对照组。
04:07
If we want to understand
the specific characteristics
the specific characteristics
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如果我们想要了解
那些患经前综合征的女性有何特征，
04:10
of women who have PMS,
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04:11
we need to be able to compare them
to women who don't have PMS.
to women who don't have PMS.
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我们需要能够将她们
与没有经前综合征的女性作对比。
与没有经前综合征的女性作对比。
04:15
And finally, many different types
of questionnaires were used
of questionnaires were used
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最后一点，很多不同类型的
用于诊断经前综合征的调查问卷
用于诊断经前综合征的调查问卷
04:19
to diagnose PMS, focusing
on different symptoms,
on different symptoms,
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聚焦于不同的症状、
04:23
symptom duration and severity.
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症状持续的时间和严重性。
04:25
To do reliable research on any condition,
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无论在任何条件下，可靠的研究
04:28
scientists must agree
on the specific characteristics
on the specific characteristics
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都要求科学家必须就构成这种条件的
04:31
that make up that condition
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特征达成一致，
这样才能确保讨论的是同一个概念，
04:33
so they're all talking
about the same thing,
about the same thing,
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04:35
and with PMS, this has not been the case.
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但对于经前综合征来说，情况并非如此。
04:39
However, in 1994,
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然而，在1994年，
04:41
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders,
of Mental Disorders,
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《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》，
04:45
known as the DSM, thankfully --
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又被称作DSM——
04:47
it's also the manual
for mental health professionals --
for mental health professionals --
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它也是一本供心理健康专业人员
使用的手册——
使用的手册——
04:51
they redefined PMS as PMDD,
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将经前综合征（PMS）重新定义为PMDD：
04:55
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.
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即经前焦虑障碍。
04:58
And dysphoria refers to
a feeling of agitation or unease.
a feeling of agitation or unease.
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而其中的焦虑指的是一种
烦躁或不安的情绪。
烦躁或不安的情绪。
05:04
And according to these new DSM guidelines,
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根据这些新的DSM指南，
05:07
in most menstrual cycles in the last year,
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（患有经前焦虑障碍的人）
上一年大多数月经周期中
上一年大多数月经周期中
05:10
at least five of 11 possible symptoms
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在11种可能的症状中至少有5种
05:14
must appear in the week
before menstruation starts;
before menstruation starts;
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应当出现在月经开始前的一个星期；
05:17
the symptoms must improve
once menstruation has begun;
once menstruation has begun;
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这些症状在月经开始后应当好转；
05:21
and the symptoms must be absent
the week after menstruation has ended.
the week after menstruation has ended.
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然后在月经结束后一个星期内消失。
这些症状必须包含下列四种之一：
05:27
One of these symptoms must come
from this list of four:
from this list of four:
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05:30
marked mood swings, irritability,
anxiety, or depression.
anxiety, or depression.
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明显的情绪波动、易怒、焦虑、或抑郁。
05:35
The other symptoms could come
from the first slide
from the first slide
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其它症状可能包含于第一张
05:38
or from those on the second slide,
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或者第二张幻灯片中的所列项，
05:40
including symptoms like
feeling out of control
feeling out of control
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包括感到情绪失控，
05:43
and changes in sleep or appetite.
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以及睡眠或胃口的改变。
05:46
The DSM also required now
that the symptoms
that the symptoms
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DSM现在还要求这些症状
05:50
should be associated with
clinically significant distress --
clinically significant distress --
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应该与临床上显著的痛苦相联系——
05:54
there should be some kind
of disturbance in work
of disturbance in work
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应当对工作、
05:57
or school or social relationships --
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学习或者人际关系形成干扰——
06:00
and that symptoms and symptom severity
should now be documented
should now be documented
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这些症状及其严重程度应当反映在
06:04
by keeping a daily log
for at least two cycles in a row.
for at least two cycles in a row.
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至少连续两个周期的日志记录中。
06:08
And finally, the DSM required that
the emotional disturbance
the emotional disturbance
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最后，DSM要求情绪障碍
06:12
should be more than simply an exacerbation
of an already existing disorder.
of an already existing disorder.
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应当不仅仅是简单的某种
已经存在的障碍的恶化。
已经存在的障碍的恶化。
06:17
So scientifically speaking,
this is an improvement.
this is an improvement.
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所以从科学上讲，这是一个进步。
06:20
We now have a limited number of symptoms,
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现在我们有了数量有限的症状，
06:23
and a high impact on functioning
that's required,
that's required,
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并且要求对正常生活产生显著影响，
06:26
and the reporting and timing of symptoms
have both become very specific.
have both become very specific.
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对症状的描述和发生时间也做了详细规定。
06:32
Well, using this criteria
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运用这个准则，
06:35
and looking at most recent studies,
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并且参照最近的研究，
06:37
we see that on average,
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我们看到平均来说，
06:38
three to eight percent of women
suffer from PMDD.
suffer from PMDD.
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3%到8%的女性患有经前焦虑障碍。
06:44
Not all women, not most women,
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不是所有的女性，也不是大部分的女性，
06:47
not the majority of women,
not even a lot of women:
not even a lot of women:
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不是大多数女性，甚至也不是很多女性：
06:50
three to eight percent.
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只有3%到8%。
06:52
For everyone else, variables
like stressful events or happy occasions
like stressful events or happy occasions
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对其他人来说，像导致压力的事件，
令人愉悦的场合，
令人愉悦的场合，
06:57
or even day of the week
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甚至是一周当中任何一天这样的变量，
06:59
are more powerful predictors of mood
than time of the month,
than time of the month,
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都是比生理期更强大的情绪预测因子，
07:04
and this is the information
the scientific community has had
the scientific community has had
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而这也是科学界从1990年代
就已获得的信息。
07:07
since the 1990s.
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07:08
In 2002, my colleagues and I
published an article
published an article
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2002年，我和同事们发表了一篇文章
07:11
describing the PMS and PMDD research,
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描述对经前综合征和
经前焦虑障碍的研究，
经前焦虑障碍的研究，
07:14
and several similar articles have appeared
in psychology journals.
in psychology journals.
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还有其它几篇类似的文章
出现在心理学期刊上。
出现在心理学期刊上。
07:19
The questions is, why hasn't this
information trickled down to the public?
information trickled down to the public?
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问题是，为什么这些信息没有惠及大众？
07:23
Why do these myths persist?
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为什么这些迷思仍然持续？
07:27
Well, certainly the onslaught
of messages that women receive
of messages that women receive
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当然，女性从书本、电视、电影和网络上
07:30
from books, TV, movies, the Internet,
that everyone gets PMS
that everyone gets PMS
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接受到的大量的宣称每个人
都会得经前综合征的信息，
都会得经前综合征的信息，
07:35
go a long way in convincing them
it must be true.
it must be true.
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对于使她们确信那就是真相
起了很大的作用。
起了很大的作用。
07:39
Research tells us that the more
a woman believes that everyone gets PMS,
a woman believes that everyone gets PMS,
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研究表明，一个女性越是相信
每个人都会有经前综合征，
每个人都会有经前综合征，
她就越会错误地认为自己也有这种病。
07:44
the more likely she is
to erroneously report that she has it.
to erroneously report that she has it.
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07:48
Let me tell you what I mean
by "erroneously."
by "erroneously."
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让我来告诉你我所说的
“错误地”是什么意思。
“错误地”是什么意思。
07:50
You might ask her, "Do you have PMS?"
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你可能会问她，“你有经前综合征吗？”
07:53
and she says yes,
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她会回答：“是的。”
07:54
but then, when you have her
keep a daily log
keep a daily log
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但是，当你检查她写的
连续两个月的心理症状日志时，
07:57
of psychological symptoms for two months,
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07:59
no correlation is found
between her symptoms
between her symptoms
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却无法找到这些症状
08:02
and time of the month.
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跟生理期之间的关联。
08:05
Another reason for
the persistence of the PMS myth
the persistence of the PMS myth
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另一个经前综合征迷思仍然持续的原因，
08:09
has to do with the narrow boundaries
of the feminine role.
of the feminine role.
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是跟女性角色的狭窄边界有关。
08:12
Feminist psychologists like Joan Chrisler
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像琼·克莱斯勒这样的女权主义心理学家
08:15
have suggested that
taking on the label of PMS
taking on the label of PMS
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曾经提出，贴上了经前综合征的标签后
08:19
allows women to express emotions that
would otherwise be considered unladylike.
would otherwise be considered unladylike.
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可以让女性有借口表现出一些情绪，
而这些情绪往往被认为是不够淑女的。
而这些情绪往往被认为是不够淑女的。
08:24
The near universal definition
of a good woman
of a good woman
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有一个对于“好女人”的
近乎放之四海皆准的定义，
近乎放之四海皆准的定义，
08:28
is one who is happy, loving,
caring for others,
caring for others,
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她要快乐、充满爱心、关心他人、
08:31
and taking great satisfaction
from that role.
from that role.
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并且对这种角色设定感到非常满意。
08:34
Well, PMS has become a permission slip
to be angry, complain, be irritated,
to be angry, complain, be irritated,
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这样一来，经前综合征就成为了一个
允许她们正当地发怒、抱怨、烦躁，
允许她们正当地发怒、抱怨、烦躁，
08:39
without losing the title of good woman.
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却不会失去“好女人”的称号。
08:43
We know that the variables
in a woman's environment
in a woman's environment
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我们知道一个女性所处环境的变量
08:47
are much more likely to cause her
to be angry than her hormones,
to be angry than her hormones,
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要比她的荷尔蒙更容易导致她愤怒，
08:50
but when she attributes anger to hormones,
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但是当她把这种愤怒情绪
归咎于荷尔蒙时，
归咎于荷尔蒙时，
08:53
she's absolved
of responsibility or criticism.
of responsibility or criticism.
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就无须为此负责，还能避免批评。
08:56
"Oh, that's not who she is.
It's out of her control."
It's out of her control."
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“哦，那不是真正的她，她控制不了。”
08:59
And while this can be a useful tool,
it serves to invalidate women's emotions.
it serves to invalidate women's emotions.
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尽管这可以当做一种实用工具，
实际上却否定了女性的情绪。
实际上却否定了女性的情绪。
09:06
When people respond to a woman's anger
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当人们对一个女性的愤怒作出回应时，
09:09
with the thought, "Oh,
it's just that time of the month,"
it's just that time of the month,"
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他会想，“噢，这只是生理期的原因。”
09:12
her ability to be taken seriously
or effect change is severely limited.
or effect change is severely limited.
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她通常就不会被认真对待，
也不太可能会发生有益的改变。
也不太可能会发生有益的改变。
09:17
So who else benefits from the myth of PMS?
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那么还有谁能从经前综合征的
迷思中获益呢？
迷思中获益呢？
09:21
Well, I can tell you that treating PMS
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我可以告诉你们，经前综合征的治疗
09:23
has become a profitable,
thriving industry.
thriving industry.
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已经发展成一个有利可图、
蓬勃发展的行业。
蓬勃发展的行业。
09:27
Amazon.com currently offers
over 1,900 books on PMS treatment.
over 1,900 books on PMS treatment.
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目前，亚马逊网站上有超过1900种
关于治疗经前综合征的书籍在售。
关于治疗经前综合征的书籍在售。
09:34
A quick Google search
will bring up a cornucopia
will bring up a cornucopia
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通过谷歌，可以很快搜索出一箩筐的信息，
09:37
of clinics, workshops and seminars.
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全是关于诊所、讲习所和研讨会的。
09:40
Reputable Internet sources
of medical information
of medical information
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那些著名的医学信息资源网站
09:43
like WebMD or the Mayo Clinic
list PMS as a known disorder.
list PMS as a known disorder.
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如“网络医生”、“梅约诊所”都将
经前综合征列为一种已知的精神障碍。
经前综合征列为一种已知的精神障碍。
09:48
It's not a known disorder,
but they list it.
but they list it.
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它不是一种已知的精神障碍，
却被列为一种。
却被列为一种。
09:51
And they also list the medications that
physicians have prescribed to treat it,
physicians have prescribed to treat it,
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他们还列出了内科医生治疗
经前综合征的处方药，
经前综合征的处方药，
09:55
like anti-depressants or hormones.
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比如抗抑郁剂或者激素。
09:58
Interestingly, though, both websites
say that the success of medication
say that the success of medication
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有趣的是，这两家网站都表示
药物治疗经前综合征的
药物治疗经前综合征的
10:03
in treating PMS symptoms
vary from woman to woman.
vary from woman to woman.
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成功率因人而异。
10:07
Well, that doesn't make sense.
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而这完全不合常理。
10:09
If you've got a distinct disorder
with a distinct cause,
with a distinct cause,
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如果你得了一种由确切原因
导致的明显的精神疾病，
导致的明显的精神疾病，
10:12
which PMS is supposed to be,
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假设那就是“经前综合征”，
10:14
then the treatment should bring
improvement for a great number of women.
improvement for a great number of women.
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那么针对它的治疗方法应该
为大量的女性带来病情改善。
为大量的女性带来病情改善。
10:17
This has not been the case
with these treatments,
with these treatments,
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但是对于经前综合征的这些治疗方法
却并不是这么回事，
却并不是这么回事，
10:20
and FDA regulations say that
for a drug to be deemed effective,
for a drug to be deemed effective,
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而且，美国食品和药品管理局的法规规定，
如果要认定一种药物有效，
如果要认定一种药物有效，
10:24
a large portion of the target population
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那么它的目标人群中的很大一部分，
10:26
should see clinically
significant improvement.
significant improvement.
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应当有临床上的显著改善。
10:29
So we have not had that at all
with these so-called treatments.
with these so-called treatments.
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而我们从经前综合征的
所谓“治疗”上并未看到上述效果。
所谓“治疗”上并未看到上述效果。
10:33
However, the financial gain
of perpetuating the myth
of perpetuating the myth
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然而，坚持宣扬经前综合征是一种
10:38
that PMS is a common mental disorder
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可治疗的普遍的精神疾病这一谬见，
10:41
and is treatable is quite substantial.
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所获得的经济收益是巨大的。
10:45
When women are prescribed
drugs like anti-depressants or hormones,
drugs like anti-depressants or hormones,
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当女性服用抗抑郁剂或激素等处方药时，
10:48
medical protocol requires that they have
physician follow-up every three months.
physician follow-up every three months.
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医疗协议要求她们每三个月复诊，
10:53
That's a lot of doctor visits.
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那是一个很大的就医量。
10:55
Pharmaceutical companies
reap untold profits
reap untold profits
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医药企业能获取数不清的利润，
10:58
when women are convinced
they should take a prescribed medication
they should take a prescribed medication
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只要女人们相信她们应该在
11:02
for all of their child-bearing lives.
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整个怀孕期间服用处方药。
11:05
Over-the-counter drugs like Midol
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非处方药像痛经药Midol
11:07
even claim to treat PMS symptoms
like tension and irritability,
like tension and irritability,
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甚至声称能够治疗像紧张和易怒
这样的经前综合征症状，
这样的经前综合征症状，
11:12
even though they only contain
a diuretic, a pain reliever
a diuretic, a pain reliever
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尽管它们只含有利尿剂、止痛剂
11:16
and caffeine.
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和咖啡因。
11:18
Now, far be it from me to argue
with the magical powers of caffeine,
with the magical powers of caffeine,
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我没有立场去争论咖啡因的神奇力量，
11:21
but I don't think reducing tension
is one of them.
is one of them.
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但我并不认为它有缓解紧张的作用。
11:25
Since 2002, Midol has marketed
a Teen Midol to adolescents.
a Teen Midol to adolescents.
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自2002年以来，Midol为青少年市场
开发了适用的产品，
开发了适用的产品，
11:32
They are aiming at young girls early,
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他们早早的就瞄准了年轻女孩，
11:35
to convince them that everyone gets PMS
and that it will make you a monster,
and that it will make you a monster,
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说服她们相信每个人都会得经前综合征，
那会使你变成一个怪物，
那会使你变成一个怪物，
11:39
but wait, there's something
you can do about it:
you can do about it:
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但是等一等，你还是有救的：
11:41
Take Midol and you will be
a human being again.
a human being again.
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服用Midol，就会变回正常人。
11:44
In 2013, Midol took in 48 million dollars
in sales revenue.
in sales revenue.
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2013年， Midol获得了
4800万美元的销售收入。
4800万美元的销售收入。
11:51
So while perpetuating the myth of PMS
has been lucrative for some,
has been lucrative for some,
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维持关于经前综合征的迷思对
某些机构来说是有利可图的，
某些机构来说是有利可图的，
11:56
it comes with some serious
adverse consequences for women.
adverse consequences for women.
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但是对女性自己
则会产生严重的不良后果。
则会产生严重的不良后果。
12:00
First, it contributes
to the medicalization
to the medicalization
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首先，它会导致
12:02
of women's reproductive health.
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女性生殖健康的医疗化。
12:05
The medical field has a long history
of conceptualizing
of conceptualizing
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医疗领域有一个很长的历史，
12:08
women's reproductive processes
as illnesses that require treatment,
as illnesses that require treatment,
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将女性的生殖过程概念化为
一个需要治疗的疾病，
一个需要治疗的疾病，
12:14
and this has come at many costs,
including excessive Cesarean deliveries,
including excessive Cesarean deliveries,
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这样就会产生很多的花费，
包括过度的剖腹产手术、
包括过度的剖腹产手术、
12:18
hysterectomies and prescribed
hormone treatments
hormone treatments
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子宫切除和指定的激素治疗，
12:20
that have harmed rather than enhanced
women's health.
women's health.
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而这对女性的健康来说
有百害而无一利。
有百害而无一利。
12:25
Second, the PMS myth also contributes
to the stereotype of women
to the stereotype of women
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第二，经前综合征的迷思对女性
12:30
as irrational and overemotional.
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不理性和过度情绪化的刻板印象的
形成有所助益。
形成有所助益。
12:33
When the menstrual cycle is described
as a hormonal roller coaster
as a hormonal roller coaster
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当生理周期被描述成将女性
12:37
that turns women into angry beasts,
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变成愤怒的野兽的荷尔蒙过山车时，
12:40
it becomes easy to question
the competence of all women.
the competence of all women.
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就会很容易让人去怀疑
所有女性的能力。
所有女性的能力。
12:44
Women have made tremendous strides
in the workforce,
in the workforce,
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女性在职场上取得了巨大的进步，
12:47
but still there's a minuscule number
of women at the highest echelons
of women at the highest echelons
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但是在政府或者企业的高层职位中
12:51
of fields like government or business,
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女性的数量仍然微不足道，
12:54
and when we think about
who makes for a good CEO or senator,
who makes for a good CEO or senator,
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当我们思考谁能成为
一个好的CEO或者议员，
一个好的CEO或者议员，
12:59
someone who has qualities like
rationality, steadiness, competence
rationality, steadiness, competence
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那些拥有理性、稳重、能力等素质的人
13:04
come to mind,
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会出现在我们脑海中，
13:05
and in our culture, that sounds more
like a man than a woman,
like a man than a woman,
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而在我们的文化中，
男性听起来更符合这些条件，
男性听起来更符合这些条件，
13:09
and the PMS myth contributes to that.
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而经前综合征的迷思正是
导致这种认知的原因之一。
导致这种认知的原因之一。
13:13
Psychologists know that
the moods of men and women
the moods of men and women
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心理学家认为男性和女性情绪上的
13:16
are more similar than different.
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相同之处多过差异。
13:19
One study followed men and women
for four to six months
for four to six months
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有一项研究对男性和女性
进行了4到6个月的跟踪，
进行了4到6个月的跟踪，
13:23
and found that the number
of mood swings they experienced
of mood swings they experienced
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发现他们经历的情绪波动的次数
13:26
and the severity of those mood swings
were no different.
were no different.
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和严重性并没有什么不同。
13:30
And finally, the PMS myth
keeps women from dealing
keeps women from dealing
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最后，经前综合征迷思
妨碍到女性处理
妨碍到女性处理
13:34
with the actual issues
causing them emotional upset.
causing them emotional upset.
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那些造成她们心烦意乱的症结问题。
13:38
Individual issues like
quality of relationship or work conditions
quality of relationship or work conditions
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人际关系和工作环境的质量等个人问题，
13:42
or societal issues like racism or sexism
or the daily grind of poverty
or the daily grind of poverty
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或者种族主义、性别歧视、
贫困折磨等社会问题，
贫困折磨等社会问题，
13:47
are all strongly related to daily mood.
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都跟每天的情绪有密切关联。
13:50
Sweeping emotions under the rug of PMS
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用经前综合征来逃避情绪问题，
13:54
keeps women from understanding
the source of their negative emotions,
the source of their negative emotions,
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限制了女性去了解她们负面情绪的来源，
13:58
but it also takes away the opportunity
to take any action to change them.
to take any action to change them.
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同时也夺走了她们采取行动
去做出改变的机会。
去做出改变的机会。
14:03
So the good news about PMS
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所以关于经前综合征的好消息是
14:06
is that while some women get some symptoms
because of the menstrual cycle,
because of the menstrual cycle,
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虽然一些女性会因为生理周期
而出现一些症状，
而出现一些症状，
14:11
the great majority don't
get a mental disorder.
get a mental disorder.
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但大多数的女性并不因此而患精神疾病。
14:14
They go to work or school,
take care of their families,
take care of their families,
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她们照样工作、上学、照顾家庭，
14:17
and function at a normal level.
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一切如常。
14:20
We know the emotions and moods
of men and women
of men and women
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我们知道男性与女性的情绪和心情
14:23
are more similar than different,
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极为相近，
14:25
so let's walk away from
the tired old PMS myth of women as witches
the tired old PMS myth of women as witches
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那么就让我们从陈腐的视女性为巫婆的
经前综合征迷思中走出来，
经前综合征迷思中走出来，
14:31
and embrace the reality of high emotional
and professional functioning
and professional functioning
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而去接受大多数女性
每天都过着情绪高涨、专业有序，
每天都过着情绪高涨、专业有序，
14:35
the great majority of women
live every day.
live every day.
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运转正常的生活这一事实。
14:39
Thank you.
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谢谢。
14:41
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robyn Stein DeLuca - PsychologistRobyn Stein DeLuca asks, What do we really know about PMS?
Why you should listen
Robyn Stein DeLuca is a Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at Stony Brook University where she's taught Women's Studies through the lenses of psychology and healthcare for over fifteen years. DeLuca studies the psychology of pregnancy, including postpartum depression and the psychosocial consequences of cesarean delivery. For two years, she was the Executive Director of the Women in Science and Engineering (WISE) program at Stony Brook. In 2015, DeLuca received a graduate certificate in Religious Studies and Education from the Harvard Divinity School. She teaches and speaks often about the role of women in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
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