TED2015
Sara Seager: The search for planets beyond our solar system
Sara Siger (Sara Seager): Potraga za planetama van našeg Sunčevog sistema
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
1,505,062 views
Svaka zvezda koju vidimo na nebu ima bar jednu planetu koja kruži oko nje, kaže astronom Sara Siger. Šta znamo o ovim egzoplanetama i kako možemo saznati više? Sigerova predstavlja svoj omiljeni skup egzoplaneta i pokazuje novu tehnologiju koja može pomoći da se dobiju informacije o njima - pa čak i da nam pomognu u potrazi za egzoplanetama sa životom.
Sara Seager - Exoplanet expert
Sara Seager’s research led to the first discovery of an atmosphere on a planet outside our solar system. Now she’s on the hunt for a twin Earth. Full bio
Sara Seager’s research led to the first discovery of an atmosphere on a planet outside our solar system. Now she’s on the hunt for a twin Earth. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Ovde sam da vam ispričam o pravoj potrazi
za vanzemaljskim životom.
za vanzemaljskim životom.
00:12
I'm here to tell you
about the real search for alien life.
about the real search for alien life.
0
960
3112
00:16
Not little green humanoids
arriving in shiny UFOs,
arriving in shiny UFOs,
1
4675
3231
Ne o malim zelenim humanoidima
koji stižu u svetlucavim NLO-ima,
koji stižu u svetlucavim NLO-ima,
00:19
although that would be nice.
2
7930
1724
iako bi to bilo lepo,
00:21
But it's the search for planets
orbiting stars far away.
orbiting stars far away.
3
9678
3277
već o potrazi za planetama
koje kruže oko zvezda, a koje su daleko.
koje kruže oko zvezda, a koje su daleko.
00:25
Every star in our sky is a sun.
4
13924
1835
Svaka zvezda na našem nebu je Sunce,
a ako naše Sunce ima planete –
00:27
And if our sun has planets --
5
15783
1381
00:29
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, etc.,
6
17188
2497
Merkur, Venera, Zemlja,
Mars, i tako dalje,
Mars, i tako dalje,
sigurno je da i druge zvezde
treba da imaju svoje planete.
treba da imaju svoje planete.
00:31
surely those other stars
should have planets also,
should have planets also,
7
19709
2436
00:34
and they do.
8
22169
1262
I imaju.
00:35
And in the last two decades,
9
23455
1412
Tokom protekle dve decenije,
00:36
astronomers have found
thousands of exoplanets.
thousands of exoplanets.
10
24891
2897
astronomi su otkrili
na hiljade egzoplaneta.
na hiljade egzoplaneta.
00:40
Our night sky is literally
teeming with exoplanets.
teeming with exoplanets.
11
28502
2811
Naše noćno nebo
je bukvalno prepuno egzoplaneta.
je bukvalno prepuno egzoplaneta.
00:43
We know, statistically speaking,
12
31337
1552
Znamo da, statistički govoreći,
00:44
that every star has at least one planet.
13
32913
2493
svaka zvezda ima bar jednu planetu.
00:47
And in the search for planets,
14
35984
1977
U potrazi za planetama
00:49
and in the future,
planets that might be like Earth,
planets that might be like Earth,
15
37985
2766
i u budućnosti,
za planetama koje mogu biti slične Zemlji,
za planetama koje mogu biti slične Zemlji,
00:52
we're able to help address
16
40775
1369
možemo da se pozabavimo
00:54
some of the most amazing
and mysterious questions
and mysterious questions
17
42168
2849
nekim najneverovatnijim
i najmisterioznijim pitanjima
i najmisterioznijim pitanjima
00:57
that have faced humankind for centuries.
18
45041
2571
sa kojima se ljudska vrsta
susretala vekovima.
susretala vekovima.
00:59
Why are we here?
19
47636
1246
Zašto smo ovde?
01:01
Why does our universe exist?
20
49215
1674
Zašto svemir postoji?
01:03
How did Earth form and evolve?
21
51476
2047
Kako je Zemlja nastala i kako se razvila?
01:05
How and why did life originate
and populate our planet?
and populate our planet?
22
53912
2984
Kako i zašto je nastao život
i nastanio našu planetu?
i nastanio našu planetu?
01:09
The second question
that we often think about is:
that we often think about is:
23
57665
3055
Drugo pitanje o kome često mislimo je:
01:12
Are we alone?
24
60744
1286
da li smo sami?
01:14
Is there life out there?
25
62911
1388
Ima li života tamo negde?
01:17
Who is out there?
26
65109
1492
Koga ima tamo?
01:19
You know, this question has been around
for thousands of years,
for thousands of years,
27
67783
3006
Znate, ovo pitanje je bilo aktuelno
hiljadama godina,
hiljadama godina,
01:22
since at least the time
of the Greek philosophers.
of the Greek philosophers.
28
70813
2417
bar od vremena grčkih filozofa.
01:25
But I'm here to tell you
just how close we're getting
just how close we're getting
29
73254
2547
Ovde sam da bih vam rekla
koliko smo blizu
koliko smo blizu
01:27
to finding out the answer
to this question.
to this question.
30
75825
2881
otkrivanja odgovora na ovo pitanje.
01:30
It's the first time in human history
that this really is within reach for us.
that this really is within reach for us.
31
78730
4215
Po prvi put u ljudskoj istoriji
ovo nam je zaista nadomak ruke.
ovo nam je zaista nadomak ruke.
01:35
Now when I think about the possibilities
for life out there,
for life out there,
32
83294
2979
Kada razmišljam o mogućnostima
da postoji život tamo negde,
da postoji život tamo negde,
01:38
I think of the fact that our sun
is but one of many stars.
is but one of many stars.
33
86297
4087
mislim na činjenicu da je naše Sunce
samo jedna od mnogo zvezda.
samo jedna od mnogo zvezda.
01:42
This is a photograph of a real galaxy,
34
90825
1878
Ovo je slika prave galaksije,
a mislimo da naš Mlečni put
izgleda kao ova galaksija.
izgleda kao ova galaksija.
01:44
we think our Milky Way
looks like this galaxy.
looks like this galaxy.
35
92727
2446
01:47
It's a collection of bound stars.
36
95197
1639
To je skup povezanih zvezda.
01:48
But our [sun] is one
of hundreds of billions of stars
of hundreds of billions of stars
37
96860
4387
Naše Sunce je jedna
od stotine milijardi zvezda,
od stotine milijardi zvezda,
01:53
and our galaxy is one of upwards
of hundreds of billions of galaxies.
of hundreds of billions of galaxies.
38
101271
4324
a naša galaksija je jedna
među stotinama milijardi galaksija.
među stotinama milijardi galaksija.
01:58
Knowing that small planets
are very common,
are very common,
39
106707
2767
Znajući da se male planete
veoma često javljaju,
veoma često javljaju,
02:01
you can just do the math.
40
109498
1274
možete da izračunate,
02:03
And there are just so many stars
and so many planets out there,
and so many planets out there,
41
111424
4001
a jednostavno ima toliko puno zvezda
i toliko puno planeta tamo
i toliko puno planeta tamo
02:07
that surely, there must be life
somewhere out there.
somewhere out there.
42
115449
2690
da sigurno mora postojati
i život tamo negde.
i život tamo negde.
02:11
Well, the biologists get furious
with me for saying that,
with me for saying that,
43
119060
3420
Pa, biolozi se veoma naljute
na mene kada to kažem
na mene kada to kažem
02:14
because we have absolutely no evidence
for life beyond Earth yet.
for life beyond Earth yet.
44
122504
3444
jer još uvek ne postaje baš nikakvi dokazi
o postojanju života van Zemlje.
o postojanju života van Zemlje.
02:18
Well, if we were able to look
at our galaxy from the outside
at our galaxy from the outside
45
126977
4793
Ako bismo mogli da posmatramo
našu galaksiju izvana
našu galaksiju izvana
02:23
and zoom in to where our sun is,
46
131794
2208
i da zumiramo mesto gde se Sunce nalazi,
02:26
we see a real map of the stars.
47
134026
1560
vidimo pravu mapu zvezda.
02:28
And the highlighted stars
are those with known exoplanets.
are those with known exoplanets.
48
136046
3023
Naglašene zvezde
su one sa poznatim egzoplanetama.
su one sa poznatim egzoplanetama.
02:31
This is really just
the tip of the iceberg.
the tip of the iceberg.
49
139745
2189
Ovo je zapravo samo vrh ledenog brega.
02:34
Here, this animation is zooming in
onto our solar system.
onto our solar system.
50
142642
3642
Ovde animacija zumira naš solarni sistem.
02:38
And you'll see here the planets
51
146872
1485
Ovde ćete videti planete,
02:40
as well as some spacecraft
that are also orbiting our sun.
that are also orbiting our sun.
52
148381
2833
kao i neke letelice
koje kruže oko našeg Sunca.
koje kruže oko našeg Sunca.
02:44
Now if we can imagine going
to the West Coast of North America,
to the West Coast of North America,
53
152968
3364
Ako zamislimo da smo otišli
na zapadnu obalu Severne Amerike
na zapadnu obalu Severne Amerike
02:48
and looking out at the night sky,
54
156356
2126
i da posmatramo noćno nebo,
02:50
here's what we'd see on a spring night.
55
158506
2278
evo šta bismo videli
tokom prolećne večeri.
tokom prolećne večeri.
02:52
And you can see
the constellations overlaid
the constellations overlaid
56
160808
2010
Možete videti sazvežđa koja se preklapaju
02:54
and again, so many stars with planets.
57
162842
2269
i ponovo, toliko mnogo zvezda
sa planetama.
sa planetama.
02:57
There's a special patch of the sky
where we have thousands of planets.
where we have thousands of planets.
58
165135
4194
Postoji poseban deo neba
gde imamo na hiljade planeta.
gde imamo na hiljade planeta.
03:01
This is where the Kepler Space Telescope
focused for many years.
focused for many years.
59
169353
3690
To je mesto na koje je mnogo godina
fokusirao Keplerov svemirski teleskop.
fokusirao Keplerov svemirski teleskop.
03:05
Let's zoom in and look
at one of the favorite exoplanets.
at one of the favorite exoplanets.
60
173576
4674
Hajde da uveličamo sliku i pogledamo
jednu od omiljenih egzoplaneta.
jednu od omiljenih egzoplaneta.
03:10
This star is called Kepler-186f.
61
178863
3261
Ova zvezda se naziva Kepler-186f.
03:14
It's a system of about five planets.
62
182529
2198
To je sistem od oko pet planeta.
03:16
And by the way, most of these exoplanets,
we don't know too much about.
we don't know too much about.
63
184751
3825
Uzgred budi rečeno, o većini egzoplaneta
ne znamo mnogo.
ne znamo mnogo.
03:20
We know their size, and their orbit
and things like that.
and things like that.
64
188600
2983
Znamo njihovu veličinu,
orbitu i slične stvari.
orbitu i slične stvari.
03:23
But there's a very special planet
here called Kepler-186f.
here called Kepler-186f.
65
191607
3962
Međutim, ovde postoji posebna planeta
koja se naziva Kepler-186f.
koja se naziva Kepler-186f.
03:27
This planet is in a zone
that is not too far from the star,
that is not too far from the star,
66
195593
4104
Ova planeta je u pojasu
koji nije predaleko od zvezde,
koji nije predaleko od zvezde,
03:31
so that the temperature
may be just right for life.
may be just right for life.
67
199721
3259
te tako temperatura
može biti odgovarajuća za život.
može biti odgovarajuća za život.
03:35
Here, the artist's conception
is just zooming in
is just zooming in
68
203004
3031
Evo, umetnička koncepcija
upravo uvećava sliku
upravo uvećava sliku
03:38
and showing you what that planet
might be like.
might be like.
69
206059
2270
i pokazuje vam kakva bi ta planeta
mogla biti.
mogla biti.
03:43
So, many people have this
romantic notion of astronomers
romantic notion of astronomers
70
211074
5602
Mnogi ljudi imaju romantičnu predstavu
o astronomima
o astronomima
03:48
going to the telescope
on a lonely mountaintop
on a lonely mountaintop
71
216700
3556
koji odlaze do teleskopa
na usamljenom vrhu planine
na usamljenom vrhu planine
03:52
and looking at the spectacular night sky
through a big telescope.
through a big telescope.
72
220280
3549
i gledaju u spektakularno noćno nebo
kroz veliki teleskop.
kroz veliki teleskop.
03:55
But actually, we just work
on our computers like everyone else,
on our computers like everyone else,
73
223853
3372
U stvari, mi samo radimo
na našim kompjuterima kao i svi drugi,
na našim kompjuterima kao i svi drugi,
03:59
and we get our data by email
or downloading from a database.
or downloading from a database.
74
227249
3825
a podatke dobijamo i-mejlom
ili kroz preuzimanje iz baze podataka.
ili kroz preuzimanje iz baze podataka.
04:03
So instead of coming here to tell you
75
231098
2523
Umesto da dođem ovde i da vam pričam
04:05
about the somewhat tedious nature
of the data and data analysis
of the data and data analysis
76
233645
3131
o pomalo dosadnim podacima,
analizi podataka
analizi podataka
i komplikovanim kompjuterskim modelima
koje pravimo,
koje pravimo,
04:08
and the complex computer models we make,
77
236800
2066
04:10
I have a different way
to try to explain to you
to try to explain to you
78
238890
2198
imam drugačiji način
da pokušam da vam objasnim
da pokušam da vam objasnim
04:13
some of the things
that we're thinking about exoplanets.
that we're thinking about exoplanets.
79
241112
2645
neke od stvari koje mislimo
o egzoplanetama.
o egzoplanetama.
04:15
Here's a travel poster:
80
243781
1166
Evo postera za putovanje:
04:16
"Kepler-186f:
81
244971
2320
"Kepler-186f:
04:19
Where the grass is always redder
on the other side."
on the other side."
82
247315
2714
Mesto gde je trava
uvek crvenija na drugoj strani."
uvek crvenija na drugoj strani."
04:22
That's because Kepler-186f
orbits a red star,
orbits a red star,
83
250053
3730
To je zbog toga što Kepler-186f
kruži oko crvene zvezde,
kruži oko crvene zvezde,
04:25
and we're just speculating
that perhaps the plants there,
that perhaps the plants there,
84
253807
2692
a mi samo nagađamo
da su možda biljke tamo crvene,
da su možda biljke tamo crvene,
04:28
if there is vegetation
that does photosynthesis,
that does photosynthesis,
85
256523
2618
ako postoji vegetacija
koja obavlja fotosintezu;
koja obavlja fotosintezu;
04:31
it has different pigments and looks red.
86
259165
1943
ima drugačije pigmente i izgleda crveno.
04:34
"Enjoy the gravity on HD 40307g,
87
262137
4358
"Uživajte u gravitaciji na HD 40307g,
04:38
a Super-Earth."
88
266519
1459
na super-Zemlji."
04:40
This planet is more massive than Earth
89
268002
2157
Ova planeta je masivnija nego Zemlja
04:42
and has a higher surface gravity.
90
270183
1722
i ima jaču površinsku gravitaciju.
04:44
"Relax on Kepler-16b,
91
272333
2897
"Opustite se na Kepleru-16b,
04:47
where your shadow always has company."
92
275254
1896
gde vaša senka uvek ima društvo."
04:49
(Laughter)
93
277174
1960
(Smeh)
04:51
We know of a dozen planets
that orbit two stars,
that orbit two stars,
94
279158
4182
Znamo za desetak planeta
koje kruže oko dve zvezde,
koje kruže oko dve zvezde,
04:55
and there's likely many more out there.
95
283364
2119
a verovatno ih ima još mnogo tamo.
Ako bismo mogli da posetimo
neku od ovih planeta,
neku od ovih planeta,
04:57
If we could visit one of those planets,
96
285507
1961
04:59
you literally would see two sunsets
97
287492
1887
bukvalno biste videli dva zalaska Sunca
05:01
and have two shadows.
98
289403
1255
i imali biste dve senke.
U stvari, naučna fantastika je
oko nekih stvari u pravu.
oko nekih stvari u pravu.
05:03
So actually, science fiction
got some things right.
got some things right.
99
291484
2417
05:05
Tatooine from Star Wars.
100
293925
1209
Tatuin iz "Zvezdanih staza".
05:08
And I have a couple of other
favorite exoplanets
favorite exoplanets
101
296047
2295
Imam još par omiljenih egzoplaneta
05:10
to tell you about.
102
298366
1197
o kojima ću vam pričati.
05:11
This one is Kepler-10b,
103
299587
1532
Ova je Kepler-10b.
05:13
it's a hot, hot planet.
104
301143
1983
To je vrela, vrela planeta.
05:15
It orbits over 50 times closer to its star
105
303642
2935
Kruži oko svoje zvezde preko 50 puta bliže
05:18
than our Earth does to our sun.
106
306601
2167
nego naša Zemlja oko našeg Sunca.
05:20
And actually, it's so hot,
107
308792
1580
U stvari je toliko vrela
da ne možemo posetiti
nijednu od ovih planeta, a da možemo,
nijednu od ovih planeta, a da možemo,
05:22
we can't visit any
of these planets, but if we could,
of these planets, but if we could,
108
310396
2633
istopili bismo se
pre nego što bismo stigli tamo.
pre nego što bismo stigli tamo.
05:25
we would melt long before we got there.
109
313053
1974
05:27
We think the surface
is hot enough to melt rock
is hot enough to melt rock
110
315051
2329
Mislimo da je površina
dovoljno vrela da otopi stene
dovoljno vrela da otopi stene
05:29
and has liquid lava lakes.
111
317404
1426
i da ima tečna jezera lave.
05:31
Gliese 1214b.
112
319457
1584
Glis 1214b.
05:33
This planet, we know the mass and the size
113
321065
2099
O ovoj planeti
znamo njenu masu i veličinu,
znamo njenu masu i veličinu,
05:35
and it has a fairly low density.
114
323188
1588
a ima prilično nisku gustinu.
05:36
It's somewhat warm.
115
324800
1198
Donekle je topla.
05:38
We actually don't know
really anything about this planet,
really anything about this planet,
116
326053
2684
U stvari ne znamo ništa o ovoj planeti,
05:40
but one possibility
is that it's a water world,
is that it's a water world,
117
328761
2505
ali jedna od mogućnosti je
da je to vodeni svet,
da je to vodeni svet,
05:43
like a scaled-up version
of one of Jupiter's icy moons
of one of Jupiter's icy moons
118
331290
3507
uvećana verzija
jednog od Jupiterovih ledenih Meseca
jednog od Jupiterovih ledenih Meseca
05:46
that might be 50 percent water by mass.
119
334821
2483
koji možda ima do 50 posto vodene mase.
05:49
And in this case, it would have
a thick steam atmosphere
a thick steam atmosphere
120
337328
2961
U ovom slučaju,
imao bi gustu atmosferu punu pare
imao bi gustu atmosferu punu pare
05:52
overlaying an ocean,
121
340313
1856
koja bi pokrivala okean,
05:54
not of liquid water,
122
342193
1510
ne tečne vode,
05:55
but of an exotic form
of water, a superfluid --
of water, a superfluid --
123
343727
3005
več egzotičnog oblika vode,
super-tečnosti –
super-tečnosti –
05:58
not quite a gas, not quite a liquid.
124
346756
1990
ne baš gas, ali ni tečnost.
06:00
And under that wouldn't be rock,
125
348770
1600
Ispod toga ne bi bio kamen,
06:02
but a form of high-pressure ice,
126
350394
1596
već led pod visokim pritiskom,
06:04
like ice IX.
127
352014
1276
poput leda IX.
06:06
So out of all these planets out there,
128
354593
2175
Od svih ovih planeta tamo,
06:08
and the variety
is just simply astonishing,
is just simply astonishing,
129
356792
3214
a raznovrsnost je jednostavno zapanjujuća,
06:12
we mostly want to find the planets
that are Goldilocks planets, we call them.
that are Goldilocks planets, we call them.
130
360030
5130
uglavnom želimo da nađemo planete
koje nazivamo planete Zlatokose –
koje nazivamo planete Zlatokose –
06:17
Not too big, not too small,
131
365184
1917
ni prevelike, ni premale,
06:19
not too hot, not too cold --
132
367125
1847
ni previše vruće, ni previše hladne,
06:20
but just right for life.
133
368996
1349
već odgovarajuće za život.
Da bismo to uradili,
morali bismo da pregledamo
morali bismo da pregledamo
06:22
But to do that,
we'd have to be able to look
we'd have to be able to look
134
370658
2118
06:24
at the planet's atmosphere,
135
372800
1334
atmosferu planete,
06:26
because the atmosphere
acts like a blanket trapping heat --
acts like a blanket trapping heat --
136
374158
2796
jer se atmosfera ponaša kao ćebe
koje zarobljava toplotu –
koje zarobljava toplotu –
06:28
the greenhouse effect.
137
376978
1336
efekat staklene bašte.
06:30
We have to be able to assess
the greenhouse gases
the greenhouse gases
138
378338
2820
Moramo biti u mogućnosti
da procenimo gasove staklene bašte
da procenimo gasove staklene bašte
06:33
on other planets.
139
381182
1150
na drugim planetama.
Pa, naučna fantastika
nije bila u pravu za neke stvari.
nije bila u pravu za neke stvari.
06:35
Well, science fiction
got some things wrong.
got some things wrong.
140
383169
2119
"Enterprajz" iz "Zvezdanih staza"
06:37
The Star Trek Enterprise
141
385796
1390
06:39
had to travel vast distances
at incredible speeds
at incredible speeds
142
387210
3627
morao je da pređe ogromne daljine
po neverovatnim brzinama
po neverovatnim brzinama
da bi napravio krug oko drugih planeta,
06:42
to orbit other planets
143
390861
1729
06:44
so that First Officer Spock
could analyze the atmosphere
could analyze the atmosphere
144
392614
3976
a kako bi prvi oficir Spok
mogao da analizira atmosferu
mogao da analizira atmosferu
da bi video da li se planeta može naseliti
06:48
to see if the planet was habitable
145
396614
1961
i da li tamo ima nekih oblika života.
06:50
or if there were lifeforms there.
146
398599
1673
06:52
Well, we don't need
to travel at warp speeds
to travel at warp speeds
147
400745
2490
Pa, ne treba da putujemo
nadsvetlosnim brzinama
nadsvetlosnim brzinama
06:55
to see other planet atmospheres,
148
403259
2129
da bismo videli atmosfere drugih planeta,
06:57
although I don't want to dissuade
any budding engineers
any budding engineers
149
405412
2784
iako ne želim
da odvratim inženjere u razvoju
da odvratim inženjere u razvoju
07:00
from figuring out how to do that.
150
408220
1923
da shvate kako to možemo.
07:02
We actually can and do study
planet atmospheres
planet atmospheres
151
410167
2292
U stvari, možemo da proučavamo
atmosfere planeta
atmosfere planeta
07:04
from here, from Earth orbit.
152
412483
1613
odavde, iz Zemljine orbite.
07:06
This is a picture, a photograph
of the Hubble Space Telescope
of the Hubble Space Telescope
153
414120
3177
Ovo je slika,
fotografija svemirskog teleskopa Habl
fotografija svemirskog teleskopa Habl
07:09
taken by the shuttle Atlantis
as it was departing
as it was departing
154
417321
2750
koju je napravio šatl Atlantis
dok je odlazio
dok je odlazio
posle poslednje ljudske posete Hablu.
07:12
after the last
human space flight to Hubble.
human space flight to Hubble.
155
420095
2239
07:14
They installed a new camera, actually,
156
422358
1886
Ugradili su, u stvari, novu kameru
07:16
that we use for exoplanet atmospheres.
157
424268
2145
koju koristimo za atmosfere egzoplaneta.
07:18
And so far, we've been able to study
dozens of exoplanet atmospheres,
dozens of exoplanet atmospheres,
158
426437
4905
Do sada smo mogli da istražimo
desetak atmosfera egzoplaneta,
desetak atmosfera egzoplaneta,
07:23
about six of them in great detail.
159
431366
2124
a šest od njih veoma detaljno.
07:25
But those are not
small planets like Earth.
small planets like Earth.
160
433514
2172
Međutim, ovo nisu male planete
poput Zemlje;
poput Zemlje;
07:27
They're big, hot planets
that are easy to see.
that are easy to see.
161
435710
2394
to su velike, vrele planete
koje se lako vide.
koje se lako vide.
07:30
We're not ready,
162
438128
1238
Nismo spremni
07:31
we don't have the right technology yet
to study small exoplanets.
to study small exoplanets.
163
439390
4375
i još uvek nemamo odgovarajuću tehnologiju
da proučavamo male egzoplanete.
da proučavamo male egzoplanete.
07:36
But nevertheless,
164
444106
1158
Bez obzira na to,
07:37
I wanted to try to explain to you
how we study exoplanet atmospheres.
how we study exoplanet atmospheres.
165
445288
3897
želela sam da pokušam da vam objasnim
kako proučavamo atmosfere egzoplaneta.
kako proučavamo atmosfere egzoplaneta.
07:41
I want you to imagine,
for a moment, a rainbow.
for a moment, a rainbow.
166
449652
2222
Želim da na trenutak zamislite dugu.
07:44
And if we could look
at this rainbow closely,
at this rainbow closely,
167
452532
2746
Ako se zagledamo u ovu dugu,
07:47
we would see that some
dark lines are missing.
dark lines are missing.
168
455302
2667
videli bismo da neke tamne linije
nedostaju.
nedostaju.
07:51
And here's our sun,
169
459127
1421
Evo našeg Sunca.
07:52
the white light of our sun split up,
170
460572
1767
Belo svetlo našeg Sunca je razdvojeno
07:54
not by raindrops, but by a spectrograph.
171
462363
2286
ne kapima kiše, već spektrografom.
07:56
And you can see
all these dark, vertical lines.
all these dark, vertical lines.
172
464673
2451
Možete videti i sve ove tamne,
vertikalne linije.
vertikalne linije.
07:59
Some are very narrow, some are wide,
173
467148
1834
Neke su uske, neke široke,
08:00
some are shaded at the edges.
174
468982
1425
a neke imaju zatamnjene ivice.
08:02
And this is actually how astronomers
have studied objects in the heavens,
have studied objects in the heavens,
175
470431
3604
Ovako su u stvari astronomi
proučavali objekte na nebu,
proučavali objekte na nebu,
08:06
literally, for over a century.
176
474059
1495
bukvalno više od jednog veka.
08:07
So here, each different atom and molecule
177
475578
2426
Ovde, dakle, svaki atom i molekul
08:10
has a special set of lines,
178
478028
1525
ima poseban niz linija,
08:11
a fingerprint, if you will.
179
479577
1556
otisak prsta, ako hoćete.
08:13
And that's how we study
exoplanet atmospheres.
exoplanet atmospheres.
180
481157
2737
Tako proučavamo atmosfere egzoplaneta.
Nikada neću zaboraviti
kada sam počela raditi
kada sam počela raditi
08:15
And I'll just never forget
when I started working
when I started working
181
483918
2360
na atmosferama egzoplaneta pre 20 godina,
08:18
on exoplanet atmospheres 20 years ago,
182
486302
1856
koliko mi je ljudi reklo:
08:20
how many people told me,
183
488182
1185
"Ovo se nikada neće desiti.
08:21
"This will never happen.
184
489391
1209
08:22
We'll never be able to study them.
Why are you bothering?"
Why are you bothering?"
185
490624
2790
Nikada nećemo moći da ih proučavamo.
Zašto se trudiš?"
Zašto se trudiš?"
Zato sam srećna što mogu da vam pričam
o svim do sada istraženim atmosferama,
o svim do sada istraženim atmosferama,
08:25
And that's why I'm pleased to tell you
about all the atmospheres studied now,
about all the atmospheres studied now,
186
493438
3674
a ovo je stvarno zasebno polje.
08:29
and this is really a field of its own.
187
497136
1849
08:31
So when it comes to
other planets, other Earths,
other planets, other Earths,
188
499009
2522
Kada pričamo o drugim planetama,
drugim Zemljama,
drugim Zemljama,
08:33
in the future when we can observe them,
189
501555
2077
kada ih u budućnosti budemo posmatrali,
08:35
what kind of gases
would we be looking for?
would we be looking for?
190
503656
2059
za kakvim ćemo gasovima tragati?
08:38
Well, you know, our own Earth
has oxygen in the atmosphere
has oxygen in the atmosphere
191
506144
3175
Znate, naša Zemlja ima kiseonik
u atmosferi
u atmosferi
08:41
to 20 percent by volume.
192
509343
1459
do 20 posto zapremine.
08:43
That's a lot of oxygen.
193
511445
1269
To je puno kiseonika.
08:45
But without plants
and photosynthetic life,
and photosynthetic life,
194
513457
2745
Međutim, bez biljaka
i fotosintetičkog života,
i fotosintetičkog života,
08:48
there would be no oxygen,
195
516226
1410
ne bi bilo kiseonika,
bukvalno nimalo kiseonika
u našoj atmosferi.
u našoj atmosferi.
08:49
virtually no oxygen in our atmosphere.
196
517660
1841
08:52
So oxygen is here because of life.
197
520116
1923
Dakle, kiseonik je ovde zbog života,
08:54
And our goal then is to look for gases
in other planet atmospheres,
in other planet atmospheres,
198
522063
4107
a naš cilj je da tražimo gasove
u atmosferama drugih planeta,
u atmosferama drugih planeta,
08:58
gases that don't belong,
199
526194
2037
gasove koji ne pripadaju,
09:00
that we might be able
to attribute to life.
to attribute to life.
200
528255
2383
a koje bismo mogli da pripišemo životu.
09:02
But which molecules should we search for?
201
530662
2081
Ali, koje molekule treba da tražimo?
09:04
I actually told you
how diverse exoplanets are.
how diverse exoplanets are.
202
532767
2663
Rekla sam vam zapravo
koliko su egzoplanete raznovrsne.
koliko su egzoplanete raznovrsne.
09:07
We expect that to continue in the future
203
535454
1997
Očekujemo da se to nastavi u budućnosti
09:09
when we find other Earths.
204
537475
1301
kada nađemo druge Zemlje.
09:10
And that's one of the main things
I'm working on now,
I'm working on now,
205
538800
2572
To je jedna od glavnih stvari
na kojima trenutno radim.
na kojima trenutno radim.
09:13
I have a theory about this.
206
541396
1293
Imam teoriju o ovome.
09:14
It reminds me that nearly every day,
207
542713
2288
To me je podsetilo da skoro svakog dana
09:17
I receive an email or emails
208
545025
2652
dobijem mejl ili mejlove
09:19
from someone with a crazy theory
about physics of gravity
about physics of gravity
209
547701
3627
od nekoga sa ludom teorijom
o fizici, gravitaciji,
o fizici, gravitaciji,
09:23
or cosmology or some such.
210
551352
1832
kosmologiji ili nečem sličnom.
09:25
So, please don't email me
one of your crazy theories.
one of your crazy theories.
211
553208
3333
Molim vas da mi ne šaljete mejlove
sa jednom od vaših ludih teorija.
sa jednom od vaših ludih teorija.
09:28
(Laughter)
212
556565
1214
(Smeh)
09:29
Well, I had my own crazy theory.
213
557803
2178
Imala sam sopstvenu ludu teoriju.
09:32
But, who does the MIT professor go to?
214
560005
1984
Ali, kome se obraća predavač sa MIT-a?
09:34
Well, I emailed a Nobel Laureate
in Physiology or Medicine
in Physiology or Medicine
215
562703
4211
Poslala sam mejl
jednom dobitniku Nobelove nagrade
jednom dobitniku Nobelove nagrade
za fiziologiju ili medicinu,
a on je rekao:
a on je rekao:
09:38
and he said, "Sure, come and talk to me."
216
566938
1973
"Naravno, svrati da popričamo".
09:40
So I brought my two biochemistry friends
217
568935
1999
Povela sam dva prijatelja sa biohemije
09:42
and we went to talk to him
about our crazy theory.
about our crazy theory.
218
570958
2352
i popričali smo sa njim
o našoj ludoj teoriji.
o našoj ludoj teoriji.
09:45
And that theory was that life
produces all small molecules,
produces all small molecules,
219
573334
3441
Teorija je da život proizvodi
male molekule,
male molekule,
09:48
so many molecules.
220
576799
1674
toliko mnogo malih molekula,
09:50
Like, everything I could think of,
but not being a chemist.
but not being a chemist.
221
578497
2895
sve čega mogu da se setim,
a nisam hemičarka.
a nisam hemičarka.
09:53
Think about it:
222
581416
1183
Razmislite o tome:
09:54
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,
223
582623
2030
ugljen-dioksid, ugljen-monoksid,
09:56
molecular hydrogen, molecular nitrogen,
224
584677
1859
molekularni vodonik, molekularni azot,
09:58
methane, methyl chloride --
225
586560
1366
metan, metil hlorid –
09:59
so many gases.
226
587950
1161
toliko gasova.
10:01
They also exist for other reasons,
227
589135
1935
Oni postoje i iz drugih razloga,
10:03
but just life even produces ozone.
228
591094
1852
ali i život proizvodi ozon.
Tako smo otišli da popričamo
sa njim o ovome
sa njim o ovome
10:04
So we go to talk to him about this,
229
592970
1758
10:06
and immediately, he shot down the theory.
230
594752
2142
i momentalno nam je oborio teoriju.
10:09
He found an example that didn't exist.
231
597226
2267
Našao je primer koji ne postoji.
10:11
So, we went back to the drawing board
232
599948
1781
Vratili smo se nacrtima
10:13
and we think we have found something
very interesting in another field.
very interesting in another field.
233
601753
3428
i mislimo da smo našli
nešto veoma interesantno na drugom polju.
nešto veoma interesantno na drugom polju.
10:17
But back to exoplanets,
234
605205
1420
Vratimo se egzoplanetama.
10:18
the point is that life produces
so many different types of gases,
so many different types of gases,
235
606649
3279
Poenta je da život proizvodi
toliko različitih gasova,
toliko različitih gasova,
10:21
literally thousands of gases.
236
609952
2212
bukvalno hiljade gasova.
10:24
And so what we're doing now
is just trying to figure out
is just trying to figure out
237
612188
2667
Sada pokušavamo da shvatimo
10:26
on which types of exoplanets,
238
614879
1589
na kojim tipovima egzoplaneta
10:28
which gases could be attributed to life.
239
616492
3220
koji gasovi mogu da se pripišu
postojanju života.
postojanju života.
10:34
And so when it comes time
when we find gases
when we find gases
240
622182
2048
Kada dođe do toga da pronađemo gasove
10:36
in exoplanet atmospheres
241
624254
1351
u atmosferama egzoplaneta,
10:37
that we won't know
if they're being produced
if they're being produced
242
625629
2096
nećemo znati da li ih stvaraju
10:39
by intelligent aliens or by trees,
243
627749
3030
inteligentni vanzemaljci, drveće,
10:42
or a swamp,
244
630803
1210
ili močvara,
10:44
or even just by simple,
single-celled microbial life.
single-celled microbial life.
245
632037
2861
ili čak veoma jednostavan,
jednoćelijski mikrobski život.
jednoćelijski mikrobski život.
10:47
So working on the models
246
635541
1550
Dakle, rad na modelima
10:49
and thinking about biochemistry,
247
637115
1651
i razmišljanje o biohemiji
10:50
it's all well and good.
248
638790
1197
je potpuno u redu,
10:52
But a really big challenge
ahead of us is: how?
ahead of us is: how?
249
640011
2885
ali je ogroman izazov ispred nas: kako?
10:54
How are we going to find these planets?
250
642920
2162
Kako ćemo naći ove planete?
Zapravo postoji mnogo načina
da se planete nađu;
da se planete nađu;
10:57
There are actually many ways
to find planets,
to find planets,
251
645106
2204
10:59
several different ways.
252
647310
1519
nekoliko različitih načina.
11:00
But the one that I'm most focused on
is how can we open a gateway
is how can we open a gateway
253
648853
3859
Onaj na koji sam najviše usredsređena
je kako otvoriti vrata
je kako otvoriti vrata
11:04
so that in the future,
254
652736
1237
da bismo u budućnosti
11:05
we can find hundreds of Earths.
255
653997
1849
mogli da pronađemo stotine Zemalja.
11:07
We have a real shot
at finding signs of life.
at finding signs of life.
256
655870
2333
Imamo pravu priliku
da pronašemo znakove života.
da pronašemo znakove života.
11:10
And actually, I just finished
leading a two-year project
leading a two-year project
257
658227
3126
U stvari, upravo sam završila
vođenje dvogodišnjeg projekta
vođenje dvogodišnjeg projekta
11:13
in this very special phase
258
661377
2088
u posebnoj fazi koncepta
11:15
of a concept we call the starshade.
259
663489
2654
koji zovemo "Staršejd".
11:18
And the starshade
is a very specially shaped screen
is a very specially shaped screen
260
666167
2953
"Staršejd" je
specijalno oblikovan paravan,
specijalno oblikovan paravan,
11:21
and the goal is to fly that starshade
261
669144
1867
a cilj je postaviti "Staršejd"
11:23
so it blocks out the light of a star
262
671035
3094
da blokira svetlo zvezda
11:26
so that the telescope
can see the planets directly.
can see the planets directly.
263
674153
2939
da bi teleskop
mogao da direktno uoči planete.
mogao da direktno uoči planete.
11:29
Here, you can see myself
and two team members
and two team members
264
677116
2393
Ovde možete videti mene i dva člana tima
11:31
holding up one small part
of the starshade.
of the starshade.
265
679533
2189
kako držimo jedan mali deo "Staršejda".
11:33
It's shaped like a giant flower,
266
681746
1580
U obliku je ogromnog cveta,
11:35
and this is one of the prototype petals.
267
683350
2483
a ovo je jedna od latica prototipa.
11:38
The concept is that a starshade
and telescope could launch together,
and telescope could launch together,
268
686907
4461
Koncept je da se "Staršejd"
i teleskop zajedno lansiraju
i teleskop zajedno lansiraju
11:43
with the petals unfurling
from the stowed position.
from the stowed position.
269
691392
2594
sa laticama koje će se otvarati
iz zatvorene pozicije.
iz zatvorene pozicije.
11:46
The central truss would expand,
270
694896
2056
Centralni nosač će se raširiti,
11:48
with the petals snapping into place.
271
696976
3092
sa laticama
koje će naglo zauzeti svoje mesto.
koje će naglo zauzeti svoje mesto.
11:52
Now, this has to be made very precisely,
272
700092
2230
Ovo se mora precizno odraditi,
11:54
literally, the petals to microns
273
702346
1588
bukvalno, latice do mikrona
11:55
and they have to deploy to millimeters.
274
703958
2715
i moraju se postaviti tačno u milimetar.
11:58
And this whole structure would have to fly
275
706697
2055
Cela ova struktura bi morala da odleti
12:00
tens of thousands of kilometers
away from the telescope.
away from the telescope.
276
708776
3359
desetine hiljada kilometara
dalje od teleskopa.
dalje od teleskopa.
12:04
It's about tens of meters in diameter.
277
712159
2142
To je desetine metara u prečniku.
12:06
And the goal is to block out
the starlight to incredible precision
the starlight to incredible precision
278
714785
4953
Cilj je da se blokira svetlost zvezda
sa neverovatnom preciznošću
sa neverovatnom preciznošću
12:11
so that we'd be able to see
the planets directly.
the planets directly.
279
719762
2738
kako bismo mogli da direktno
vidimo planete.
vidimo planete.
12:15
And it has to be a very special shape,
280
723333
2229
Mora biti posebnog oblika
12:17
because of the physics of defraction.
281
725586
1889
zbog fizike defrakcije.
12:19
Now this is a real project
that we worked on,
that we worked on,
282
727499
2219
To je realni projekat na kome smo radili,
12:21
literally, you would not believe how hard.
283
729742
2468
bukvalno, ne biste verovali koliko.
12:24
Just so you believe
it's not just in movie format,
it's not just in movie format,
284
732234
2662
Da ne biste mislili
da je samo u filmskom formatu,
da je samo u filmskom formatu,
12:26
here's a real photograph
285
734920
1636
evo stvarne fotografije
postolja za testiranje
postolja za testiranje
12:28
of a second-generation
starshade deployment test bed in the lab.
starshade deployment test bed in the lab.
286
736580
4991
odašiljača "Staršejda"
druge generacije u laboratoriji.
druge generacije u laboratoriji.
12:33
And in this case,
I just wanted you to know
I just wanted you to know
287
741595
2079
U ovom slučaju, samo sam želela da znate
12:35
that that central truss
has heritage left over
has heritage left over
288
743698
2490
da je središnji nosač izrađen od ostataka
12:38
from large radio deployables in space.
289
746212
1914
velikih premeštajućih radio antena
u svemiru.
u svemiru.
12:41
So after all of that hard work
290
749372
1656
Posle ovog velikog posla,
12:43
where we try to think of all the crazy
gases that might be out there,
gases that might be out there,
291
751052
3793
dok pokušavamo da smislimo
sve lude gasove koji bi mogli biti tamo
sve lude gasove koji bi mogli biti tamo
12:46
and we build the very
complicated space telescopes
complicated space telescopes
292
754869
2928
i dok gradimo
komplikovane svemirske teleskope
komplikovane svemirske teleskope
koji bi mogli biti tamo,
12:49
that might be out there,
293
757821
1227
12:51
what are we going to find?
294
759072
1296
šta ćemo pronaći?
12:52
Well, in the best case,
295
760725
1758
U najboljem slučaju,
12:54
we will find an image
of another exo-Earth.
of another exo-Earth.
296
762507
2797
naći ćemo sliku još jedne egzo-Zemlje.
12:58
Here is Earth as a pale blue dot.
297
766328
2259
Evo Zemlje kao blede, plave tačke.
13:00
And this is actually
a real photograph of Earth
a real photograph of Earth
298
768611
2559
Ovo je, u stvari, prava fotografija Zemlje
koju je usnimila letilica "Vojadžer1"
13:03
taken by the Voyager 1 spacecraft,
299
771194
1870
sa udaljenosti
od oko 6,500 milijardi kilometara.
od oko 6,500 milijardi kilometara.
13:05
four billion miles away.
300
773088
1618
13:07
And that red light is just scattered light
in the camera optics.
in the camera optics.
301
775159
3238
Crveno svetlo je samo raspršeno svetlo
u optici kamere.
u optici kamere.
13:11
But what's so awesome to consider
302
779315
2396
Izuzetno je pomisliti da,
13:13
is that if there are intelligent aliens
303
781735
3049
ako postoje inteligenti vanzemaljci
13:16
orbiting on a planet
around a star near to us
around a star near to us
304
784808
3954
na nekoj planeti, koji kruže
oko neke zvezde koja je blizu nas
oko neke zvezde koja je blizu nas
i koji grade
komplikovane svemirske teleskope
komplikovane svemirske teleskope
13:20
and they build complicated
space telescopes
space telescopes
305
788786
2045
slične onima koje mi
pokušavamo da izgradimo,
pokušavamo da izgradimo,
13:22
of the kind that we're trying to build,
306
790855
1927
13:24
all they'll see is this pale blue dot,
307
792806
2500
sve što će videti
je ova bleda plava tačka,
je ova bleda plava tačka,
13:27
a pinprick of light.
308
795330
1285
sićušna tačka svetla.
13:29
And so sometimes, when I pause to think
309
797456
3066
Ponekad, kada zastanem da razmislim
13:32
about my professional struggle
and huge ambition,
and huge ambition,
310
800546
4253
o svojoj profesionalnoj borbi
i ogromnoj ambiciji,
i ogromnoj ambiciji,
13:36
it's hard to think about that
311
804823
1993
teško je misliti o tome
13:38
in contrast to the vastness
of the universe.
of the universe.
312
806840
2419
ako se uporedi
sa ogromnom veličinom svemira.
sa ogromnom veličinom svemira.
13:42
But nonetheless, I am devoting
the rest of my life
the rest of my life
313
810120
4126
Bez obzira, ja posvećujem
ostatak svog života
ostatak svog života
13:46
to finding another Earth.
314
814270
1350
pronalaženju nove Zemlje,
13:48
And I can guarantee
315
816296
2215
a mogu da garantujem
13:50
that in the next generation
of space telescopes,
of space telescopes,
316
818535
2383
da će sledeća generacija
svemirskih teleskopa,
svemirskih teleskopa,
13:52
in the second generation,
317
820942
1540
u drugoj generaciji,
13:54
we will have the capability
to find and identity other Earths.
to find and identity other Earths.
318
822506
5406
imati sposobnost da pronađe
i identifikuje druge Zemlje,
i identifikuje druge Zemlje,
13:59
And the capability
to split up the starlight
to split up the starlight
319
827936
2674
kao i sposobnost
da razdvoji svetlost zvezda
da razdvoji svetlost zvezda
kako bismo mogli da tražimo gasove
14:02
so that we can look for gases
320
830634
1553
14:04
and assess the greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere,
in the atmosphere,
321
832211
3486
i procenimo gasove staklene bašte
u atmosferi,
u atmosferi,
14:07
estimate the surface temperature,
322
835721
1598
procenimo temperaturu površine
14:09
and look for signs of life.
323
837343
1758
i tražimo znakove života.
14:11
But there's more.
324
839736
1421
Ima još.
14:13
In this case of searching
for other planets like Earth,
for other planets like Earth,
325
841181
3364
U slučaju potrage za drugim planetama
kao što je Zemlja
kao što je Zemlja
14:16
we are making a new kind of map
326
844569
2595
pravimo novu mapu
14:19
of the nearby stars
and of the planets orbiting them,
and of the planets orbiting them,
327
847188
3260
obližnjih zvezda
i planeta koje kruže oko njih,
i planeta koje kruže oko njih,
14:22
including [planets] that actually might be
inhabitable by humans.
inhabitable by humans.
328
850472
3771
uključujući i planete
koje bi ljudi mogli nastaniti.
koje bi ljudi mogli nastaniti.
14:26
And so I envision that our descendants,
329
854915
2381
Zamišljam naše potomke
14:29
hundreds of years from now,
330
857320
1805
za nekoliko stotina godina
14:31
will embark on an interstellar
journey to other worlds.
journey to other worlds.
331
859149
3027
kako započinju međuzvezdano putovanje
do drugih svetova.
do drugih svetova.
14:35
And they will look back at all of us
332
863059
2912
Osvrnuće se na nas
14:37
as the generation who first found
the Earth-like worlds.
the Earth-like worlds.
333
865995
3008
kao na generaciju koja je prva pronašla
svetove nalik Zemlji.
svetove nalik Zemlji.
14:41
Thank you.
334
869822
1151
Hvala vam.
14:42
(Applause)
335
870997
6511
(Aplauz)
14:49
June Cohen: And I give you,
for a question,
for a question,
336
877532
2100
Džun Koen: Predstavljam vam, za pitanje,
menadžera misije Rozeta, Freda Džensena.
14:51
Rosetta Mission Manager Fred Jansen.
337
879656
1728
Fred Džensen: Negde na polovini
pomenuli ste
pomenuli ste
14:53
Fred Jansen: You mentioned halfway through
338
881817
2031
14:55
that the technology
to actually look at the spectrum
to actually look at the spectrum
339
883872
3787
da tehnologija kojom se
zapravo gleda u spektar
zapravo gleda u spektar
14:59
of an exoplanet like Earth
is not there yet.
is not there yet.
340
887683
2629
egzoplaneta poput Zemlje
još uvek ne postoji.
još uvek ne postoji.
15:02
When do you expect this will be there,
341
890336
1887
Kada očekujete da će se pojaviti
15:04
and what's needed?
342
892247
1268
i šta je potrebno?
15:05
Actually, what we expect is what we call
our next-generation Hubble telescope.
our next-generation Hubble telescope.
343
893539
4615
Sara Siger: Očekujemo ono što nazivamo
sledeća generacija Habl teleskopa.
sledeća generacija Habl teleskopa.
15:10
And this is called the James Webb
Space Telescope,
Space Telescope,
344
898531
2341
Zove se svemirski teleskop Džejms Veb,
15:12
and that will launch in 2018,
345
900896
1703
a lansiraće se 2018. godine
i to je ono što ćemo uraditi –
15:14
and that's what we're going to do,
346
902623
1822
15:16
we're going to look
at a special kind of planet
at a special kind of planet
347
904469
2264
tražićemo posebnu vrstu planeta
koje zovemo prelaznim egzoplanetama
15:18
called transient exoplanets,
348
906757
1456
15:20
and that will be our first shot
at studying small planets
at studying small planets
349
908237
3101
i to če biti naš prvi korak
u proučavanju malih planeta
u proučavanju malih planeta
15:23
for gases that might indicate
the planet is habitable.
the planet is habitable.
350
911362
3298
i gasova koji mogu ukazati
da je planeta naseljiva.
da je planeta naseljiva.
15:27
JC: I'm going to ask you
one follow-up question, too, Sara,
one follow-up question, too, Sara,
351
915477
2809
DžK: Postaviću ti još jedno pitanje, Sara,
15:30
as the generalist.
352
918310
1206
uopšteno.
15:31
So I am really struck
by the notion in your career
by the notion in your career
353
919540
3093
Na mene je ogroman utisak
ostavila ideja opozicije
ostavila ideja opozicije
sa kojom si se susrela u karijeri,
15:34
of the opposition you faced,
354
922657
1399
15:36
that when you began thinking
about exoplanets,
about exoplanets,
355
924080
2144
da je, kada si počela da razmišljaš
o egzoplanetama,
o egzoplanetama,
15:38
there was extreme skepticism
in the scientific community
in the scientific community
356
926248
2666
postojao ogroman skepticizam
u naučnoj zajednici
u naučnoj zajednici
15:40
that they existed,
357
928938
1151
oko njihovog postojanja,
15:42
and you proved them wrong.
358
930113
1269
a ti si im dokazala da greše.
15:43
What did it take to take that on?
359
931406
1713
Šta je bilo potrebno za borbu s tim?
15:45
SS: Well, the thing is that as scientists,
360
933143
2070
SS: Stvar je u tome da naučnici
15:47
we're supposed to be skeptical,
361
935237
1958
treba da su skeptični
15:49
because our job to make sure
that what the other person is saying
that what the other person is saying
362
937219
3048
jer je naš posao da pokažemo
da li ima smisla
da li ima smisla
15:52
actually makes sense or not.
363
940291
1339
ono što druga osoba govori.
15:53
But being a scientist,
364
941654
2557
Biti naučnik je,
15:56
I think you've seen it from this session,
365
944235
2420
a mislim da ste to videli u ovoj sesiji,
15:58
it's like being an explorer.
366
946679
1682
kao da ste istraživač.
16:00
You have this immense curiosity,
367
948385
1989
Posedujete ogromnu znatiželju,
16:02
this stubbornness,
368
950398
1299
tvrdoglavost,
16:03
this sort of resolute will
that you will go forward
that you will go forward
369
951721
2382
odlučnost da nastavite
16:06
no matter what other people say.
370
954127
2031
bez obzira na to šta drugi govore.
DžK: Jako mi se svidelo ovo. Hvala, Sara.
16:08
JC: I love that. Thank you, Sara.
371
956182
1676
16:09
(Applause)
372
957882
2995
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sara Seager - Exoplanet expertSara Seager’s research led to the first discovery of an atmosphere on a planet outside our solar system. Now she’s on the hunt for a twin Earth.
Why you should listen
Having helped pave the way for the current torrent of discoveries of planets outside of our solar system (or exoplanets), 2013 MacArthur Fellow Sara Seager is now preparing to fulfill her life dream of discovering a planet with nearly identical conditions to our own.
Seager’s present research and discovery mission projects include Earth-orbiting nanosatellite telescopes as well as the Starshade, a sunflower-shaped giant screen to block intrusive starlight, allowing a space telescope to zoom in on the small exoplanets that have thus far eluded our sight.
More profile about the speakerSeager’s present research and discovery mission projects include Earth-orbiting nanosatellite telescopes as well as the Starshade, a sunflower-shaped giant screen to block intrusive starlight, allowing a space telescope to zoom in on the small exoplanets that have thus far eluded our sight.
Sara Seager | Speaker | TED.com