TED2015
Sara Seager: The search for planets beyond our solar system
Sara Seager: Potraga za planetima izvan Sunčevog sustava
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
1,505,062 views
Svaka zvijezda koju vidimo na nebu ima barem jedan planet koji orbitira oko nje, kaže astronomkinja Sara Seager. Što znamo o ovim egzoplanetima i kako možemo saznati više? Seager nas upoznaje sa svojim najdražim nizom egzoplaneta i pokazuje novu tehnologiju koja će pomoći u skupljanju podataka o njima - čak i pomoći u potrazi za egzoplanetima koji imaju život.
Sara Seager - Exoplanet expert
Sara Seager’s research led to the first discovery of an atmosphere on a planet outside our solar system. Now she’s on the hunt for a twin Earth. Full bio
Sara Seager’s research led to the first discovery of an atmosphere on a planet outside our solar system. Now she’s on the hunt for a twin Earth. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm here to tell you
about the real search for alien life.
about the real search for alien life.
0
960
3112
Ovdje sam da vam pričam o pravoj potrazi
za izvanzemaljskim životom.
za izvanzemaljskim životom.
00:16
Not little green humanoids
arriving in shiny UFOs,
arriving in shiny UFOs,
1
4675
3231
Ne o malim zelenim humanoidima
koji dolaze u blistavim NLO-ima,
koji dolaze u blistavim NLO-ima,
00:19
although that would be nice.
2
7930
1724
iako bi to bilo lijepo.
00:21
But it's the search for planets
orbiting stars far away.
orbiting stars far away.
3
9678
3277
Ovo je potraga za planetima koji
orbitiraju oko udaljenih zvijezda.
orbitiraju oko udaljenih zvijezda.
00:25
Every star in our sky is a sun.
4
13924
1835
Svaka zvijezda na našem nebu je sunce.
00:27
And if our sun has planets --
5
15783
1381
Ako naše sunce ima planete --
00:29
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, etc.,
6
17188
2497
Merkur, Venera, Zemlja, Mars itd.,
00:31
surely those other stars
should have planets also,
should have planets also,
7
19709
2436
sigurno i druge zvijezde
moraju imati planete
moraju imati planete
00:34
and they do.
8
22169
1262
i imaju ih.
00:35
And in the last two decades,
9
23455
1412
U posljednja dva desetljeća,
00:36
astronomers have found
thousands of exoplanets.
thousands of exoplanets.
10
24891
2897
astronomi su pronašli tisuće egzoplaneta.
00:40
Our night sky is literally
teeming with exoplanets.
teeming with exoplanets.
11
28502
2811
Naše noćno nebo
doslovno vrvi egzoplanetima.
doslovno vrvi egzoplanetima.
00:43
We know, statistically speaking,
12
31337
1552
Znamo da, statistički gledano,
00:44
that every star has at least one planet.
13
32913
2493
svaka zvijezda ima najmanje jedan planet.
00:47
And in the search for planets,
14
35984
1977
A u potrazi za planetima,
00:49
and in the future,
planets that might be like Earth,
planets that might be like Earth,
15
37985
2766
te u budućnosti,
planetima koji su poput Zemlje,
planetima koji su poput Zemlje,
00:52
we're able to help address
16
40775
1369
možemo pokušati odgovoriti
00:54
some of the most amazing
and mysterious questions
and mysterious questions
17
42168
2849
na neka od najčudesnijih
i najtajanstvenijih pitanja
i najtajanstvenijih pitanja
00:57
that have faced humankind for centuries.
18
45041
2571
s kojima se čovječanstvo
susreće stoljećima.
susreće stoljećima.
00:59
Why are we here?
19
47636
1246
Zašto smo ovdje?
01:01
Why does our universe exist?
20
49215
1674
Zašto naš svemir postoji?
01:03
How did Earth form and evolve?
21
51476
2047
Kako se Zemlja formirala i evoluirala?
01:05
How and why did life originate
and populate our planet?
and populate our planet?
22
53912
2984
Kako i zašto se razvio život
i nastanio naš planet?
i nastanio naš planet?
01:09
The second question
that we often think about is:
that we often think about is:
23
57665
3055
Drugo pitanje o kojemu
često razmišljamo je:
često razmišljamo je:
01:12
Are we alone?
24
60744
1286
Jesmo li sami?
01:14
Is there life out there?
25
62911
1388
Postoji li život tamo negdje?
01:17
Who is out there?
26
65109
1492
Tko je tamo?
01:19
You know, this question has been around
for thousands of years,
for thousands of years,
27
67783
3006
Ovo pitanje se postavlja
već tisućama godina,
već tisućama godina,
01:22
since at least the time
of the Greek philosophers.
of the Greek philosophers.
28
70813
2417
najkasnije od vremena grčkih filozofa.
01:25
But I'm here to tell you
just how close we're getting
just how close we're getting
29
73254
2547
Ovdje sam da vam kažem
koliko smo zapravo blizu
koliko smo zapravo blizu
01:27
to finding out the answer
to this question.
to this question.
30
75825
2881
pronalaženju odgovora na ovo pitanje.
01:30
It's the first time in human history
that this really is within reach for us.
that this really is within reach for us.
31
78730
4215
Ovo je prvi puta u ljudskoj povijesti
da smo doista tako blizu.
da smo doista tako blizu.
01:35
Now when I think about the possibilities
for life out there,
for life out there,
32
83294
2979
Kada pomislim o vjerojatnosti
postojanja života tamo negdje,
postojanja života tamo negdje,
01:38
I think of the fact that our sun
is but one of many stars.
is but one of many stars.
33
86297
4087
pomislim kako je naše sunce
samo jedna od mnogih zvijezda.
samo jedna od mnogih zvijezda.
01:42
This is a photograph of a real galaxy,
34
90825
1878
Ovo je fotografija stvarne galaksije,
01:44
we think our Milky Way
looks like this galaxy.
looks like this galaxy.
35
92727
2446
mislimo da Mliječna staza
izgleda poput nje.
izgleda poput nje.
01:47
It's a collection of bound stars.
36
95197
1639
To je skup povezanih zvijezda.
01:48
But our [sun] is one
of hundreds of billions of stars
of hundreds of billions of stars
37
96860
4387
Ali naše [sunce] je jedno
od stotina milijardi zvijezda,
od stotina milijardi zvijezda,
01:53
and our galaxy is one of upwards
of hundreds of billions of galaxies.
of hundreds of billions of galaxies.
38
101271
4324
a naša galaksija jedna
od stotina milijardi galaksija.
od stotina milijardi galaksija.
01:58
Knowing that small planets
are very common,
are very common,
39
106707
2767
S obzirom da znamo da su
mali planeti vrlo česti,
mali planeti vrlo česti,
02:01
you can just do the math.
40
109498
1274
i sami možete izračunati.
02:03
And there are just so many stars
and so many planets out there,
and so many planets out there,
41
111424
4001
Postoji toliko zvijezda i
toliko planeta,
toliko planeta,
02:07
that surely, there must be life
somewhere out there.
somewhere out there.
42
115449
2690
da zasigurno,
mora negdje postojati i život.
mora negdje postojati i život.
02:11
Well, the biologists get furious
with me for saying that,
with me for saying that,
43
119060
3420
Dobro, biolozi pobijesne kada kažem ovo
02:14
because we have absolutely no evidence
for life beyond Earth yet.
for life beyond Earth yet.
44
122504
3444
jer još nemamo baš nikakvih dokaza
o životu izvan Zemlje.
o životu izvan Zemlje.
02:18
Well, if we were able to look
at our galaxy from the outside
at our galaxy from the outside
45
126977
4793
Kada bismo mogli vidjeti
našu galaksiju od izvana
našu galaksiju od izvana
02:23
and zoom in to where our sun is,
46
131794
2208
i zumirati na naše sunce,
02:26
we see a real map of the stars.
47
134026
1560
vidjeli bi pravu mapu zvijezda.
02:28
And the highlighted stars
are those with known exoplanets.
are those with known exoplanets.
48
136046
3023
Istaknute zvijezde su one koje
imaju poznate egzoplanete.
imaju poznate egzoplanete.
02:31
This is really just
the tip of the iceberg.
the tip of the iceberg.
49
139745
2189
Ovo je doista samo kap u moru.
02:34
Here, this animation is zooming in
onto our solar system.
onto our solar system.
50
142642
3642
Ovdje, animacija zumira
na naš sunčev sustav.
na naš sunčev sustav.
02:38
And you'll see here the planets
51
146872
1485
Ovdje ćete vidjeti planete
02:40
as well as some spacecraft
that are also orbiting our sun.
that are also orbiting our sun.
52
148381
2833
kao i nekakve letjelice
koje orbitiraju oko našeg sunca.
koje orbitiraju oko našeg sunca.
02:44
Now if we can imagine going
to the West Coast of North America,
to the West Coast of North America,
53
152968
3364
Sada, ako zamislimo da smo
na zapadnoj obali Sjeverne Amerike
na zapadnoj obali Sjeverne Amerike
02:48
and looking out at the night sky,
54
156356
2126
i gledamo u noćno nebo,
02:50
here's what we'd see on a spring night.
55
158506
2278
ovo bismo vidjeli u proljetnoj noći.
02:52
And you can see
the constellations overlaid
the constellations overlaid
56
160808
2010
I vidite konstelacije
02:54
and again, so many stars with planets.
57
162842
2269
i opet, toliko zvijezda s planetima.
02:57
There's a special patch of the sky
where we have thousands of planets.
where we have thousands of planets.
58
165135
4194
Postoji poseban djelić neba
gdje imamo tisuće planeta.
gdje imamo tisuće planeta.
03:01
This is where the Kepler Space Telescope
focused for many years.
focused for many years.
59
169353
3690
Na ovo mjesto je svemirski teleskop
Kepler bio fokusiran mnogo godina.
Kepler bio fokusiran mnogo godina.
03:05
Let's zoom in and look
at one of the favorite exoplanets.
at one of the favorite exoplanets.
60
173576
4674
Hajdemo zumirati i pogledati
jedan od najdražih egzoplaneta.
jedan od najdražih egzoplaneta.
03:10
This star is called Kepler-186f.
61
178863
3261
Ova zvijezda zove se Kepler-186f.
03:14
It's a system of about five planets.
62
182529
2198
Ovo je sustav od pet planeta.
03:16
And by the way, most of these exoplanets,
we don't know too much about.
we don't know too much about.
63
184751
3825
I usput, o većini ovih egzoplaneta
ne znamo baš puno.
ne znamo baš puno.
03:20
We know their size, and their orbit
and things like that.
and things like that.
64
188600
2983
Znamo njihovu veličinu, njihovu orbitu
i takve stvari.
i takve stvari.
03:23
But there's a very special planet
here called Kepler-186f.
here called Kepler-186f.
65
191607
3962
No, ovdje je jedan vrlo poseban planet
koji se zove Kepler-186f.
koji se zove Kepler-186f.
03:27
This planet is in a zone
that is not too far from the star,
that is not too far from the star,
66
195593
4104
Ovaj planet nalazi se zoni
koja nije predaleko od zvijezde,
koja nije predaleko od zvijezde,
03:31
so that the temperature
may be just right for life.
may be just right for life.
67
199721
3259
tako da bi temperatura
mogla biti pogodna za život.
mogla biti pogodna za život.
03:35
Here, the artist's conception
is just zooming in
is just zooming in
68
203004
3031
Ovdje je zumiran umjetnički koncept
03:38
and showing you what that planet
might be like.
might be like.
69
206059
2270
koji pokazuje kako bi planet
mogao izgledati.
mogao izgledati.
03:43
So, many people have this
romantic notion of astronomers
romantic notion of astronomers
70
211074
5602
Mnogo ljudi ima
romantičnu viziju astronoma
romantičnu viziju astronoma
03:48
going to the telescope
on a lonely mountaintop
on a lonely mountaintop
71
216700
3556
koji odlaze do teleskopa
na usamljenom brdašcu
na usamljenom brdašcu
03:52
and looking at the spectacular night sky
through a big telescope.
through a big telescope.
72
220280
3549
i gledaju spektakularno noćno nebo
kroz veliki teleskop.
kroz veliki teleskop.
03:55
But actually, we just work
on our computers like everyone else,
on our computers like everyone else,
73
223853
3372
Međutim, mi radimo na svojim računalima
kao i svi drugi
kao i svi drugi
03:59
and we get our data by email
or downloading from a database.
or downloading from a database.
74
227249
3825
i dobivamo podatke preko e-maila
ili skidanjem s banke podataka.
ili skidanjem s banke podataka.
04:03
So instead of coming here to tell you
75
231098
2523
Umjesto da vam ovdje pričam
04:05
about the somewhat tedious nature
of the data and data analysis
of the data and data analysis
76
233645
3131
o ponešto zamornoj prirodi podataka
i analize podataka
i analize podataka
04:08
and the complex computer models we make,
77
236800
2066
i o kompliciranim računalnim modelima,
04:10
I have a different way
to try to explain to you
to try to explain to you
78
238890
2198
na drugačiji način ću vam
pokušati objasniti
pokušati objasniti
04:13
some of the things
that we're thinking about exoplanets.
that we're thinking about exoplanets.
79
241112
2645
neke stvari o egzoplanetima.
04:15
Here's a travel poster:
80
243781
1166
Evo reklamni plakat:
04:16
"Kepler-186f:
81
244971
2320
"Kepler-186f:
04:19
Where the grass is always redder
on the other side."
on the other side."
82
247315
2714
Gdje je trava uvijek crvenija
na drugoj strani ograde."
na drugoj strani ograde."
04:22
That's because Kepler-186f
orbits a red star,
orbits a red star,
83
250053
3730
To je zato jer Kepler-186f
orbitira oko crvene zvijezde
orbitira oko crvene zvijezde
04:25
and we're just speculating
that perhaps the plants there,
that perhaps the plants there,
84
253807
2692
te pretpostavljamo da biljke ondje,
04:28
if there is vegetation
that does photosynthesis,
that does photosynthesis,
85
256523
2618
ukoliko ima vegetacije
koja provodi fotosintezu,
koja provodi fotosintezu,
04:31
it has different pigments and looks red.
86
259165
1943
imaju drugačije pigmente
pa su crvene.
pa su crvene.
04:34
"Enjoy the gravity on HD 40307g,
87
262137
4358
"Uživajte u gravitaciji na HD 40307g,
04:38
a Super-Earth."
88
266519
1459
Super-Zemlji."
04:40
This planet is more massive than Earth
89
268002
2157
Ovaj planet je masivniji od Zemlje
04:42
and has a higher surface gravity.
90
270183
1722
i ima veću površinsku gravitaciju.
04:44
"Relax on Kepler-16b,
91
272333
2897
"Opustite se na Kepleru-16b,
04:47
where your shadow always has company."
92
275254
1896
gdje Vaša sjena uvijek ima društvo."
04:49
(Laughter)
93
277174
1960
(Smijeh)
04:51
We know of a dozen planets
that orbit two stars,
that orbit two stars,
94
279158
4182
Znamo desetke planeta
koji orbitiraju oko dvije zvijezde,
koji orbitiraju oko dvije zvijezde,
04:55
and there's likely many more out there.
95
283364
2119
a vjerojatno ih je i mnogo više.
04:57
If we could visit one of those planets,
96
285507
1961
Kada bismo posjetili
jedan takav planet,
jedan takav planet,
04:59
you literally would see two sunsets
97
287492
1887
vidjeli bismo dva zalaska sunca
05:01
and have two shadows.
98
289403
1255
i imali dvije sjene.
05:03
So actually, science fiction
got some things right.
got some things right.
99
291484
2417
Znanstvena fantastika je
pogodila neke stvari.
pogodila neke stvari.
05:05
Tatooine from Star Wars.
100
293925
1209
Tatooine iz Zvjezdanih ratova.
05:08
And I have a couple of other
favorite exoplanets
favorite exoplanets
101
296047
2295
Imam još par najdražih egzoplaneta
05:10
to tell you about.
102
298366
1197
o kojima ću vam pričati.
05:11
This one is Kepler-10b,
103
299587
1532
Ovo je Kepler-10b,
05:13
it's a hot, hot planet.
104
301143
1983
vrući, vrući planet.
05:15
It orbits over 50 times closer to its star
105
303642
2935
Orbitira preko 50 puta bliže svom suncu
05:18
than our Earth does to our sun.
106
306601
2167
nego naša Zemlja našem suncu.
05:20
And actually, it's so hot,
107
308792
1580
Zapravo je toliko vruće da
05:22
we can't visit any
of these planets, but if we could,
of these planets, but if we could,
108
310396
2633
ne možemo posjetiti ove planete,
ali kada bismo mogli,
ali kada bismo mogli,
05:25
we would melt long before we got there.
109
313053
1974
otopili bi se puno prije slijetanja.
05:27
We think the surface
is hot enough to melt rock
is hot enough to melt rock
110
315051
2329
Površina je dovoljno vruća
da otopi kamenje
da otopi kamenje
05:29
and has liquid lava lakes.
111
317404
1426
i ima tekuća jezera lave.
05:31
Gliese 1214b.
112
319457
1584
Gliese 1214b.
05:33
This planet, we know the mass and the size
113
321065
2099
Znamo masu i veličinu ovog planeta
05:35
and it has a fairly low density.
114
323188
1588
te ima poprilično nisku gustoću.
05:36
It's somewhat warm.
115
324800
1198
Pomalo je topao.
05:38
We actually don't know
really anything about this planet,
really anything about this planet,
116
326053
2684
Zapravo ne znamo gotovo ništa
o ovom planetu,
o ovom planetu,
05:40
but one possibility
is that it's a water world,
is that it's a water world,
117
328761
2505
ali moguće je da je ovo vodeni svijet,
05:43
like a scaled-up version
of one of Jupiter's icy moons
of one of Jupiter's icy moons
118
331290
3507
poput uvećane verzije jednog od
Jupiterovih ledenih mjeseca,
Jupiterovih ledenih mjeseca,
05:46
that might be 50 percent water by mass.
119
334821
2483
koji po masi može sadržavati i
preko 50 posto vode.
preko 50 posto vode.
05:49
And in this case, it would have
a thick steam atmosphere
a thick steam atmosphere
120
337328
2961
U ovom slučaju, imao bi
gustu atmosferu od vodene pare
gustu atmosferu od vodene pare
05:52
overlaying an ocean,
121
340313
1856
koja bi prekrivala ocean,
05:54
not of liquid water,
122
342193
1510
ali ne od tekuće vode,
05:55
but of an exotic form
of water, a superfluid --
of water, a superfluid --
123
343727
3005
nego od egzotičnog oblika vode,
supertekućine --
supertekućine --
05:58
not quite a gas, not quite a liquid.
124
346756
1990
koja nije ni plin, niti tekućina.
06:00
And under that wouldn't be rock,
125
348770
1600
Ispod toga ne bi se nalazio kamen
06:02
but a form of high-pressure ice,
126
350394
1596
nego tip leda pod visokim tlakom,
06:04
like ice IX.
127
352014
1276
poput leda IX.
06:06
So out of all these planets out there,
128
354593
2175
Od svih ovih planeta,
06:08
and the variety
is just simply astonishing,
is just simply astonishing,
129
356792
3214
a njihova raznolikost
je doista nevjerojatna,
je doista nevjerojatna,
06:12
we mostly want to find the planets
that are Goldilocks planets, we call them.
that are Goldilocks planets, we call them.
130
360030
5130
najviše želimo pronaći
tzv. Goldilocks planete.
tzv. Goldilocks planete.
06:17
Not too big, not too small,
131
365184
1917
Ne prevelike, ne premalene,
06:19
not too hot, not too cold --
132
367125
1847
ne prevruće, ne prehladne --
06:20
but just right for life.
133
368996
1349
nego baš taman za život.
06:22
But to do that,
we'd have to be able to look
we'd have to be able to look
134
370658
2118
Kako bismo to napravili,
moramo pregledati
moramo pregledati
06:24
at the planet's atmosphere,
135
372800
1334
atmosferu planeta
06:26
because the atmosphere
acts like a blanket trapping heat --
acts like a blanket trapping heat --
136
374158
2796
jer atmosfera djeluje poput deke
koja zarobljava toplinu -
koja zarobljava toplinu -
06:28
the greenhouse effect.
137
376978
1336
pruža efekt staklenika.
06:30
We have to be able to assess
the greenhouse gases
the greenhouse gases
138
378338
2820
Moramo biti u stanju procijeniti
stakleničke plinove
stakleničke plinove
06:33
on other planets.
139
381182
1150
na drugim planetima.
Znanstvena fantastika je
nešto i pogriješila.
nešto i pogriješila.
06:35
Well, science fiction
got some things wrong.
got some things wrong.
140
383169
2119
Zvjezdane staze Enterprise
06:37
The Star Trek Enterprise
141
385796
1390
06:39
had to travel vast distances
at incredible speeds
at incredible speeds
142
387210
3627
morale su proputovati velike udaljenosti
pri nevjerojatnim brzinama
pri nevjerojatnim brzinama
06:42
to orbit other planets
143
390861
1729
kako bi orbitirale oko planeta
06:44
so that First Officer Spock
could analyze the atmosphere
could analyze the atmosphere
144
392614
3976
te da bi prvi časnik Spock
mogao analizirati atmosferu
mogao analizirati atmosferu
06:48
to see if the planet was habitable
145
396614
1961
i vidio je li planet nastanjiv
06:50
or if there were lifeforms there.
146
398599
1673
i ima li kakvih oblika života.
06:52
Well, we don't need
to travel at warp speeds
to travel at warp speeds
147
400745
2490
Ne trebamo putovati
warp brzinama
warp brzinama
06:55
to see other planet atmospheres,
148
403259
2129
kako bismo vidjeli atmosfere
drugih planeta,
drugih planeta,
06:57
although I don't want to dissuade
any budding engineers
any budding engineers
149
405412
2784
iako ne želim obeshrabriti
ambiciozne inženjere
ambiciozne inženjere
07:00
from figuring out how to do that.
150
408220
1923
koji žele odgonetnuti kako to učiniti.
07:02
We actually can and do study
planet atmospheres
planet atmospheres
151
410167
2292
Mi zapravo možemo istraživati
atmosfere planeta
atmosfere planeta
07:04
from here, from Earth orbit.
152
412483
1613
odavdje, iz Zemljine orbite.
07:06
This is a picture, a photograph
of the Hubble Space Telescope
of the Hubble Space Telescope
153
414120
3177
Ovo je fotografija
svemirskog teleskopa Hubble
svemirskog teleskopa Hubble
07:09
taken by the shuttle Atlantis
as it was departing
as it was departing
154
417321
2750
koju je snimio šatl Atlantis
na svojem odlasku,
na svojem odlasku,
07:12
after the last
human space flight to Hubble.
human space flight to Hubble.
155
420095
2239
nakon zadnje posjete Hubbleu
s ljudskom posadom.
s ljudskom posadom.
07:14
They installed a new camera, actually,
156
422358
1886
Instalirali su novu kameru
07:16
that we use for exoplanet atmospheres.
157
424268
2145
koju koristimo za atmosfere egzoplaneta.
07:18
And so far, we've been able to study
dozens of exoplanet atmospheres,
dozens of exoplanet atmospheres,
158
426437
4905
Do sada smo istražili desetke
atmosfera egzoplaneta,
atmosfera egzoplaneta,
07:23
about six of them in great detail.
159
431366
2124
a šest od njih vrlo detaljno.
07:25
But those are not
small planets like Earth.
small planets like Earth.
160
433514
2172
Međutim, to nisu mali planeti
poput Zemlje.
poput Zemlje.
07:27
They're big, hot planets
that are easy to see.
that are easy to see.
161
435710
2394
To su veliki, vrući planeti
koji su lako vidljivi.
koji su lako vidljivi.
07:30
We're not ready,
162
438128
1238
Nismo spremni,
07:31
we don't have the right technology yet
to study small exoplanets.
to study small exoplanets.
163
439390
4375
još nemamo pravu tehnologiju
za proučavanje malih egzoplaneta.
za proučavanje malih egzoplaneta.
07:36
But nevertheless,
164
444106
1158
Bez obzira na to,
07:37
I wanted to try to explain to you
how we study exoplanet atmospheres.
how we study exoplanet atmospheres.
165
445288
3897
htjela sam vam pokušati objasniti
kako proučavamo atmosfere egzoplaneta.
kako proučavamo atmosfere egzoplaneta.
07:41
I want you to imagine,
for a moment, a rainbow.
for a moment, a rainbow.
166
449652
2222
Htjela bih da na trenutak
zamislite dugu.
zamislite dugu.
07:44
And if we could look
at this rainbow closely,
at this rainbow closely,
167
452532
2746
Kada bismo mogli vidjeti
ovu dugu izbliza,
ovu dugu izbliza,
07:47
we would see that some
dark lines are missing.
dark lines are missing.
168
455302
2667
vidjeli bismo da nedostaju
nekakve tamne linije.
nekakve tamne linije.
07:51
And here's our sun,
169
459127
1421
Evo naše sunce,
bijelo svjetlo našeg sunca
razdijeljeno
razdijeljeno
07:52
the white light of our sun split up,
170
460572
1767
07:54
not by raindrops, but by a spectrograph.
171
462363
2286
spektrogramom, a ne kapima kiše.
07:56
And you can see
all these dark, vertical lines.
all these dark, vertical lines.
172
464673
2451
Možete vidjeti tamne, vertikalne linije.
07:59
Some are very narrow, some are wide,
173
467148
1834
Neke su vrlo uske, neke su široke,
08:00
some are shaded at the edges.
174
468982
1425
neke imaju osjenčane rubove.
08:02
And this is actually how astronomers
have studied objects in the heavens,
have studied objects in the heavens,
175
470431
3604
Na ovaj način astronomi proučavaju
objekte na nebesima
objekte na nebesima
08:06
literally, for over a century.
176
474059
1495
već duže od stoljeća.
08:07
So here, each different atom and molecule
177
475578
2426
Svaki atom i svaka molekula
08:10
has a special set of lines,
178
478028
1525
ima poseban niz linija,
08:11
a fingerprint, if you will.
179
479577
1556
može se reći otisak prsta.
08:13
And that's how we study
exoplanet atmospheres.
exoplanet atmospheres.
180
481157
2737
Ovako proučavamo atmosfere egzoplaneta.
08:15
And I'll just never forget
when I started working
when I started working
181
483918
2360
Nikada neću zaboraviti,
kada sam počela raditi
kada sam počela raditi
08:18
on exoplanet atmospheres 20 years ago,
182
486302
1856
s atmosferama planeta,
prije 20 godina,
prije 20 godina,
08:20
how many people told me,
183
488182
1185
koliko mi je ljudi reklo
08:21
"This will never happen.
184
489391
1209
"Ovo nikada neće uspjeti.
08:22
We'll never be able to study them.
Why are you bothering?"
Why are you bothering?"
185
490624
2790
Nikada ih nećemo moći istraživati.
Zašto se trudiš?"
Zašto se trudiš?"
08:25
And that's why I'm pleased to tell you
about all the atmospheres studied now,
about all the atmospheres studied now,
186
493438
3674
I zato sa zadovoljstvom pričam o
svim atmosferama koje smo dosad istražili,
svim atmosferama koje smo dosad istražili,
08:29
and this is really a field of its own.
187
497136
1849
a ovo je zaista i polje za sebe.
08:31
So when it comes to
other planets, other Earths,
other planets, other Earths,
188
499009
2522
Kada se govori o drugim planetima,
drugim Zemljama,
drugim Zemljama,
08:33
in the future when we can observe them,
189
501555
2077
kada ih u budućnosti
budemo promatrali,
budemo promatrali,
08:35
what kind of gases
would we be looking for?
would we be looking for?
190
503656
2059
kakve plinove bismo tražili?
08:38
Well, you know, our own Earth
has oxygen in the atmosphere
has oxygen in the atmosphere
191
506144
3175
Znate da naša Zemlja
ima kisik u atmosferi,
ima kisik u atmosferi,
08:41
to 20 percent by volume.
192
509343
1459
po volumenu do 20 posto.
08:43
That's a lot of oxygen.
193
511445
1269
To je puno kisika.
08:45
But without plants
and photosynthetic life,
and photosynthetic life,
194
513457
2745
Ali bez biljki i fotosintetskog života,
08:48
there would be no oxygen,
195
516226
1410
ne bi bilo kisika,
08:49
virtually no oxygen in our atmosphere.
196
517660
1841
gotovo ništa u našoj atmosferi.
08:52
So oxygen is here because of life.
197
520116
1923
Dakle, kisik je ovdje zbog života.
08:54
And our goal then is to look for gases
in other planet atmospheres,
in other planet atmospheres,
198
522063
4107
Stoga je naš cilj tražiti plinove
u atmosferama drugih planeta,
u atmosferama drugih planeta,
08:58
gases that don't belong,
199
526194
2037
plinove koji ondje ne pripadaju,
09:00
that we might be able
to attribute to life.
to attribute to life.
200
528255
2383
a koje bismo mogli pripisati životu.
09:02
But which molecules should we search for?
201
530662
2081
Ali kakve bismo molekule trebali tražiti?
09:04
I actually told you
how diverse exoplanets are.
how diverse exoplanets are.
202
532767
2663
Već sam spomenula koliko
su egzoplaneti raznoliki.
su egzoplaneti raznoliki.
09:07
We expect that to continue in the future
203
535454
1997
Očekujemo da će se
to nastaviti i ubuduće,
to nastaviti i ubuduće,
09:09
when we find other Earths.
204
537475
1301
kada nađemo druge Zemlje.
09:10
And that's one of the main things
I'm working on now,
I'm working on now,
205
538800
2572
To je jedna od glavnih stvari
na kojima sada radim,
na kojima sada radim,
09:13
I have a theory about this.
206
541396
1293
imam teoriju o ovome.
09:14
It reminds me that nearly every day,
207
542713
2288
To me podsjetilo da gotovo svaki dan
09:17
I receive an email or emails
208
545025
2652
dobijem e-mail ili e-mailove
09:19
from someone with a crazy theory
about physics of gravity
about physics of gravity
209
547701
3627
od nekoga tko ima ludu teoriju
o fizici gravitacije
o fizici gravitacije
09:23
or cosmology or some such.
210
551352
1832
ili kozmologiji ili nešto slično.
09:25
So, please don't email me
one of your crazy theories.
one of your crazy theories.
211
553208
3333
Zato, molim vas, nemojte mi slati
jednu od vaših ludih teorija.
jednu od vaših ludih teorija.
09:28
(Laughter)
212
556565
1214
(Smijeh)
09:29
Well, I had my own crazy theory.
213
557803
2178
I ja sam imala jednu svoju ludu teoriju.
09:32
But, who does the MIT professor go to?
214
560005
1984
Ali, kome se obraća profesorica s MIT-a?
09:34
Well, I emailed a Nobel Laureate
in Physiology or Medicine
in Physiology or Medicine
215
562703
4211
Poslala sam e-mail jednom dobitniku
Nobela za fiziologiju ili medicinu
Nobela za fiziologiju ili medicinu
09:38
and he said, "Sure, come and talk to me."
216
566938
1973
i rekao je: "Naravno, dođi da popričamo."
09:40
So I brought my two biochemistry friends
217
568935
1999
Povela sam
dva prijatelja s biokemije
dva prijatelja s biokemije
09:42
and we went to talk to him
about our crazy theory.
about our crazy theory.
218
570958
2352
i otišli smo pričati s njim
o našoj ludoj teoriji.
o našoj ludoj teoriji.
09:45
And that theory was that life
produces all small molecules,
produces all small molecules,
219
573334
3441
Teorija je tvrdila da sav život stvara
sve male molekule,
sve male molekule,
09:48
so many molecules.
220
576799
1674
mnoštvo molekula.
09:50
Like, everything I could think of,
but not being a chemist.
but not being a chemist.
221
578497
2895
Sve što mogu zamisliti,
iako, nisam kemičarka.
iako, nisam kemičarka.
09:53
Think about it:
222
581416
1183
Razmislite:
09:54
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,
223
582623
2030
ugljik-dioksid, ugljik-monoksid,
09:56
molecular hydrogen, molecular nitrogen,
224
584677
1859
molekularni vodik, molekularni dušik,
09:58
methane, methyl chloride --
225
586560
1366
metan, metil-klorid --
09:59
so many gases.
226
587950
1161
mnoštvo plinova.
10:01
They also exist for other reasons,
227
589135
1935
Oni postoje i iz drugih razloga,
10:03
but just life even produces ozone.
228
591094
1852
ali i sam život stvara ozon.
10:04
So we go to talk to him about this,
229
592970
1758
Tako smo otišli pričati s njim
10:06
and immediately, he shot down the theory.
230
594752
2142
i odmah nam je opovrgnuo teoriju.
10:09
He found an example that didn't exist.
231
597226
2267
Našao je primjer koji nije postojao.
10:11
So, we went back to the drawing board
232
599948
1781
Vratili smo se na početak
10:13
and we think we have found something
very interesting in another field.
very interesting in another field.
233
601753
3428
i mislimo da smo našli nešto
vrlo zanimljivo u drugom polju.
vrlo zanimljivo u drugom polju.
10:17
But back to exoplanets,
234
605205
1420
No, vratimo se egzoplanetima,
10:18
the point is that life produces
so many different types of gases,
so many different types of gases,
235
606649
3279
poanta je u tome da život stvara
mnoštvo različitih tipova plinova,
mnoštvo različitih tipova plinova,
10:21
literally thousands of gases.
236
609952
2212
doslovno na tisuće plinova.
10:24
And so what we're doing now
is just trying to figure out
is just trying to figure out
237
612188
2667
Sada pokušavamo odgonetnuti
10:26
on which types of exoplanets,
238
614879
1589
na kojim tipovima egzoplaneta
10:28
which gases could be attributed to life.
239
616492
3220
koji bi se plinovi mogli pripisati životu.
10:34
And so when it comes time
when we find gases
when we find gases
240
622182
2048
I kada dođe do toga da nađemo plinove
10:36
in exoplanet atmospheres
241
624254
1351
u atmosferama egzoplaneta,
10:37
that we won't know
if they're being produced
if they're being produced
242
625629
2096
nećemo znati proizvode li ih
10:39
by intelligent aliens or by trees,
243
627749
3030
inteligentni izvanzemaljci ili drveće
10:42
or a swamp,
244
630803
1210
ili močvara
10:44
or even just by simple,
single-celled microbial life.
single-celled microbial life.
245
632037
2861
ili samo jednostavni,
jednostanični mikrobiološki život.
jednostanični mikrobiološki život.
10:47
So working on the models
246
635541
1550
Rad na modelima
10:49
and thinking about biochemistry,
247
637115
1651
i razmišljanja o biokemiji,
10:50
it's all well and good.
248
638790
1197
sve je to u redu.
10:52
But a really big challenge
ahead of us is: how?
ahead of us is: how?
249
640011
2885
Međutim, veliki izazov
koji je pred nama je: kako?
koji je pred nama je: kako?
10:54
How are we going to find these planets?
250
642920
2162
Kako pronaći ove planete?
10:57
There are actually many ways
to find planets,
to find planets,
251
645106
2204
Postoji puno načina
kojima nalazimo planete,
kojima nalazimo planete,
10:59
several different ways.
252
647310
1519
nekoliko različitih načina.
11:00
But the one that I'm most focused on
is how can we open a gateway
is how can we open a gateway
253
648853
3859
Ja sam najviše usredotočena
na to kako otvoriti vrata
na to kako otvoriti vrata
11:04
so that in the future,
254
652736
1237
da bismo u budućnosti
11:05
we can find hundreds of Earths.
255
653997
1849
mogli pronaći stotine Zemalja.
11:07
We have a real shot
at finding signs of life.
at finding signs of life.
256
655870
2333
Imamo realnu priliku
pronaći znakove života.
pronaći znakove života.
11:10
And actually, I just finished
leading a two-year project
leading a two-year project
257
658227
3126
Zapravo, upravo sam završila
s dvogodišnjim projektom
s dvogodišnjim projektom
11:13
in this very special phase
258
661377
2088
u vrlo posebnoj fazi
11:15
of a concept we call the starshade.
259
663489
2654
koncepta koji nazivamo Starshade.
11:18
And the starshade
is a very specially shaped screen
is a very specially shaped screen
260
666167
2953
Starshade je posebno oblikovani zaslon,
11:21
and the goal is to fly that starshade
261
669144
1867
a cilj je usmjeriti Starshade
11:23
so it blocks out the light of a star
262
671035
3094
tako da zablokira svjetlo zvijezde
11:26
so that the telescope
can see the planets directly.
can see the planets directly.
263
674153
2939
kako bi teleskop mogao
direktno vidjeti planete.
direktno vidjeti planete.
11:29
Here, you can see myself
and two team members
and two team members
264
677116
2393
Ovdje me možete vidjeti
s dvoje članova tima
s dvoje članova tima
11:31
holding up one small part
of the starshade.
of the starshade.
265
679533
2189
gdje držimo mali dio Starshadea.
11:33
It's shaped like a giant flower,
266
681746
1580
Oblikovan je
u ogroman cvijet,
u ogroman cvijet,
11:35
and this is one of the prototype petals.
267
683350
2483
a ovo je jedna od latica prototipa.
11:38
The concept is that a starshade
and telescope could launch together,
and telescope could launch together,
268
686907
4461
Koncept je takav da se Starshade
i teleskop zajedno lansiraju,
i teleskop zajedno lansiraju,
11:43
with the petals unfurling
from the stowed position.
from the stowed position.
269
691392
2594
latice se otvaraju
iz zatvorene pozicije.
iz zatvorene pozicije.
11:46
The central truss would expand,
270
694896
2056
Središnji rešetkasti nosač se širi,
11:48
with the petals snapping into place.
271
696976
3092
a latice se potpuno zatežu.
11:52
Now, this has to be made very precisely,
272
700092
2230
Ovo je potrebno vrlo precizno izraditi,
11:54
literally, the petals to microns
273
702346
1588
doslovno, latice do u mikron,
11:55
and they have to deploy to millimeters.
274
703958
2715
a moraju se postaviti točno u milimetar.
11:58
And this whole structure would have to fly
275
706697
2055
Cijela struktura treba odletjeti
12:00
tens of thousands of kilometers
away from the telescope.
away from the telescope.
276
708776
3359
na desetke tisuća kilometara
daleko od teleskopa.
daleko od teleskopa.
12:04
It's about tens of meters in diameter.
277
712159
2142
Velik je na desetke metara u promjeru.
12:06
And the goal is to block out
the starlight to incredible precision
the starlight to incredible precision
278
714785
4953
Cilj je blokiranje zvjezdanog svjetla
do nevjerojatne preciznosti
do nevjerojatne preciznosti
12:11
so that we'd be able to see
the planets directly.
the planets directly.
279
719762
2738
kako bismo direktno mogli vidjeti planete.
12:15
And it has to be a very special shape,
280
723333
2229
Mora biti ovakvog posebnog oblika
12:17
because of the physics of defraction.
281
725586
1889
zbog fizike difrakcije.
12:19
Now this is a real project
that we worked on,
that we worked on,
282
727499
2219
Ovo je stvarni projekt
na kojem smo radili,
na kojem smo radili,
12:21
literally, you would not believe how hard.
283
729742
2468
doista, ne biste vjerovali
koliko je težak bio.
koliko je težak bio.
12:24
Just so you believe
it's not just in movie format,
it's not just in movie format,
284
732234
2662
Da ne mislite da je samo
u animacijskom formatu,
u animacijskom formatu,
12:26
here's a real photograph
285
734920
1636
evo i stvarne fotografije
12:28
of a second-generation
starshade deployment test bed in the lab.
starshade deployment test bed in the lab.
286
736580
4991
ležaja za testiranje odašiljanja
Starshadea druge generacije.
Starshadea druge generacije.
12:33
And in this case,
I just wanted you to know
I just wanted you to know
287
741595
2079
A u ovom slučaju,
htjela bih da znate,
htjela bih da znate,
12:35
that that central truss
has heritage left over
has heritage left over
288
743698
2490
da je središnji rešetkasti nosač
izrađen od ostataka
izrađen od ostataka
12:38
from large radio deployables in space.
289
746212
1914
velikih razmjestivih radio antena.
12:41
So after all of that hard work
290
749372
1656
I nakon svega ovoga teškog posla
12:43
where we try to think of all the crazy
gases that might be out there,
gases that might be out there,
291
751052
3793
dok pokušavamo smisliti sve
lude plinove koji bi mogli biti ondje
lude plinove koji bi mogli biti ondje
12:46
and we build the very
complicated space telescopes
complicated space telescopes
292
754869
2928
i izgrađujemo vrlo komplicirane
svemirske teleskope
svemirske teleskope
12:49
that might be out there,
293
757821
1227
koji bi mogli biti ondje,
12:51
what are we going to find?
294
759072
1296
što ćemo pronaći?
12:52
Well, in the best case,
295
760725
1758
Pa, u najboljem slučaju,
12:54
we will find an image
of another exo-Earth.
of another exo-Earth.
296
762507
2797
pronaći ćemo sliku
druge egzo-Zemlje.
druge egzo-Zemlje.
12:58
Here is Earth as a pale blue dot.
297
766328
2259
Ovo je Zemlja kao blijeda plava točka.
Ovo je stvarna fotografija Zemlje
13:00
And this is actually
a real photograph of Earth
a real photograph of Earth
298
768611
2559
koju je snimila letjelica Voyager 1,
13:03
taken by the Voyager 1 spacecraft,
299
771194
1870
s udaljenosti od
šest i pol milijardi kilometara
šest i pol milijardi kilometara
13:05
four billion miles away.
300
773088
1618
13:07
And that red light is just scattered light
in the camera optics.
in the camera optics.
301
775159
3238
Ovo crveno svjetlo je samo
raspršeno svjetlo u optici kamere.
raspršeno svjetlo u optici kamere.
13:11
But what's so awesome to consider
302
779315
2396
Čudesno je pomisliti da
13:13
is that if there are intelligent aliens
303
781735
3049
ako postoje inteligentni izvanzemaljci,
13:16
orbiting on a planet
around a star near to us
around a star near to us
304
784808
3954
koji orbitiraju oko planete
obližnje zvijezde
obližnje zvijezde
13:20
and they build complicated
space telescopes
space telescopes
305
788786
2045
i koji su izgradili
komplicirane teleskope
komplicirane teleskope
13:22
of the kind that we're trying to build,
306
790855
1927
poput onih koje mi pokušavamo izgraditi,
13:24
all they'll see is this pale blue dot,
307
792806
2500
sve što će vidjeti
je ova blijeda plava točka,
je ova blijeda plava točka,
13:27
a pinprick of light.
308
795330
1285
sićušna točkica svjetla.
13:29
And so sometimes, when I pause to think
309
797456
3066
Zato ponekad, kada stanem i razmislim
13:32
about my professional struggle
and huge ambition,
and huge ambition,
310
800546
4253
o svojoj profesionalnoj borbi
i ogromnoj ambiciji,
i ogromnoj ambiciji,
13:36
it's hard to think about that
311
804823
1993
teško je o tome razmišljati
13:38
in contrast to the vastness
of the universe.
of the universe.
312
806840
2419
u usporedbi s beskrajnošću svemira.
13:42
But nonetheless, I am devoting
the rest of my life
the rest of my life
313
810120
4126
Bez obzira, ja sam posvetila
ostatak svojeg života
ostatak svojeg života
13:46
to finding another Earth.
314
814270
1350
pronalaženju druge Zemlje.
13:48
And I can guarantee
315
816296
2215
Mogu vam garantirati
13:50
that in the next generation
of space telescopes,
of space telescopes,
316
818535
2383
da će sljedeća generacija
svemirskih teleskopa,
svemirskih teleskopa,
13:52
in the second generation,
317
820942
1540
u drugoj generaciji,
13:54
we will have the capability
to find and identity other Earths.
to find and identity other Earths.
318
822506
5406
imati sposobnost pronalaska
i identifikacije drugih Zemalja.
i identifikacije drugih Zemalja.
13:59
And the capability
to split up the starlight
to split up the starlight
319
827936
2674
I imat ćemo sposobnost
razdjeljivanja zvjezdanog svjetla
razdjeljivanja zvjezdanog svjetla
14:02
so that we can look for gases
320
830634
1553
kako bismo mogli tražiti plinove
14:04
and assess the greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere,
in the atmosphere,
321
832211
3486
te procjenjivati stakleničke plinove
u atmosferi,
u atmosferi,
14:07
estimate the surface temperature,
322
835721
1598
pretpostaviti temperaturu
14:09
and look for signs of life.
323
837343
1758
i tražiti znakove života.
14:11
But there's more.
324
839736
1421
I još nešto.
14:13
In this case of searching
for other planets like Earth,
for other planets like Earth,
325
841181
3364
U ovom slučaju potrage za
drugim planetima poput Zemlje,
drugim planetima poput Zemlje,
14:16
we are making a new kind of map
326
844569
2595
radimo novu vrstu mape
14:19
of the nearby stars
and of the planets orbiting them,
and of the planets orbiting them,
327
847188
3260
obližnjih zvijezda i planeta
koji orbitiraju oko njih,
koji orbitiraju oko njih,
14:22
including [planets] that actually might be
inhabitable by humans.
inhabitable by humans.
328
850472
3771
uključujući one koje bi mogli
nastaniti ljudi.
nastaniti ljudi.
14:26
And so I envision that our descendants,
329
854915
2381
Zamišljam naše potomke,
14:29
hundreds of years from now,
330
857320
1805
stotine godina iza nas,
14:31
will embark on an interstellar
journey to other worlds.
journey to other worlds.
331
859149
3027
kako započinju međuzvjezdano
putovanje na druge svjetove.
putovanje na druge svjetove.
14:35
And they will look back at all of us
332
863059
2912
I gledat će na sve nas
kao na generaciju
kao na generaciju
14:37
as the generation who first found
the Earth-like worlds.
the Earth-like worlds.
333
865995
3008
koja je prva pronašla
svjetove poput Zemlje.
svjetove poput Zemlje.
14:41
Thank you.
334
869822
1151
Hvala.
14:42
(Applause)
335
870997
6511
(Pljesak)
14:49
June Cohen: And I give you,
for a question,
for a question,
336
877532
2100
June Cohen: Za pitanje, predstavljam vam
14:51
Rosetta Mission Manager Fred Jansen.
337
879656
1728
voditelja misije Rosetta, Freda Jansena.
14:53
Fred Jansen: You mentioned halfway through
338
881817
2031
Fred Jansen: Negdje ste u govoru spomenuli
14:55
that the technology
to actually look at the spectrum
to actually look at the spectrum
339
883872
3787
da tehnologija kojom se
zapravo gleda spektar
zapravo gleda spektar
egzoplaneta poput Zemlje ne postoji.
14:59
of an exoplanet like Earth
is not there yet.
is not there yet.
340
887683
2629
15:02
When do you expect this will be there,
341
890336
1887
Kada će se razviti
15:04
and what's needed?
342
892247
1268
i što je za nju potrebno?
15:05
Actually, what we expect is what we call
our next-generation Hubble telescope.
our next-generation Hubble telescope.
343
893539
4615
Očekujemo novu generaciju
Hubble teleskopa.
Hubble teleskopa.
15:10
And this is called the James Webb
Space Telescope,
Space Telescope,
344
898531
2341
Zove se svemirski teleskop James Webb
15:12
and that will launch in 2018,
345
900896
1703
i bit će lansiran 2018.,
15:14
and that's what we're going to do,
346
902623
1822
a radit ćemo sljedeće,
15:16
we're going to look
at a special kind of planet
at a special kind of planet
347
904469
2264
tražit ćemo posebne planete
koje zovemo prijelaznim egzoplanetima
15:18
called transient exoplanets,
348
906757
1456
i to će biti naša prva prilika
za proučavanje malih planeta
za proučavanje malih planeta
15:20
and that will be our first shot
at studying small planets
at studying small planets
349
908237
3101
i plinova koji bi ukazali na to
da je planet nastanjiv.
da je planet nastanjiv.
15:23
for gases that might indicate
the planet is habitable.
the planet is habitable.
350
911362
3298
15:27
JC: I'm going to ask you
one follow-up question, too, Sara,
one follow-up question, too, Sara,
351
915477
2809
JC: I ja ću te nešto pitati, Sara,
15:30
as the generalist.
352
918310
1206
kao laik.
15:31
So I am really struck
by the notion in your career
by the notion in your career
353
919540
3093
Zbilja me se dojmila ideja
opozicije koju ste imali u karijeri,
15:34
of the opposition you faced,
354
922657
1399
15:36
that when you began thinking
about exoplanets,
about exoplanets,
355
924080
2144
kada ste počeli razmišljati
o egzoplanetima
o egzoplanetima
15:38
there was extreme skepticism
in the scientific community
in the scientific community
356
926248
2666
javio se skepticizam znanstvene zajednice
o njihovom postojanju
15:40
that they existed,
357
928938
1151
i dokazali ste da su u krivu.
15:42
and you proved them wrong.
358
930113
1269
Kako ste se borili s time?
15:43
What did it take to take that on?
359
931406
1713
SS: Pa, stvar je u tome što znanstvenici
15:45
SS: Well, the thing is that as scientists,
360
933143
2070
i trebaju biti skeptici
15:47
we're supposed to be skeptical,
361
935237
1958
jer naš je zadatak pokazati
15:49
because our job to make sure
that what the other person is saying
that what the other person is saying
362
937219
3048
da ono što druga osoba govori
zapravo ima smisla.
zapravo ima smisla.
15:52
actually makes sense or not.
363
940291
1339
15:53
But being a scientist,
364
941654
2557
Biti znanstvenik,
15:56
I think you've seen it from this session,
365
944235
2420
kao što ste vidjeli iz ove sesije,
15:58
it's like being an explorer.
366
946679
1682
je kao da ste istraživač.
16:00
You have this immense curiosity,
367
948385
1989
Imate ogromnu znatiželju,
tvrdoglavost,
16:02
this stubbornness,
368
950398
1299
nepokolebljivost da idete naprijed
16:03
this sort of resolute will
that you will go forward
that you will go forward
369
951721
2382
bez obzira što drugi kažu.
16:06
no matter what other people say.
370
954127
2031
JC: Odlično. Hvala, Sara.
16:08
JC: I love that. Thank you, Sara.
371
956182
1676
(Pljesak)
16:09
(Applause)
372
957882
2995
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sara Seager - Exoplanet expertSara Seager’s research led to the first discovery of an atmosphere on a planet outside our solar system. Now she’s on the hunt for a twin Earth.
Why you should listen
Having helped pave the way for the current torrent of discoveries of planets outside of our solar system (or exoplanets), 2013 MacArthur Fellow Sara Seager is now preparing to fulfill her life dream of discovering a planet with nearly identical conditions to our own.
Seager’s present research and discovery mission projects include Earth-orbiting nanosatellite telescopes as well as the Starshade, a sunflower-shaped giant screen to block intrusive starlight, allowing a space telescope to zoom in on the small exoplanets that have thus far eluded our sight.
More profile about the speakerSeager’s present research and discovery mission projects include Earth-orbiting nanosatellite telescopes as well as the Starshade, a sunflower-shaped giant screen to block intrusive starlight, allowing a space telescope to zoom in on the small exoplanets that have thus far eluded our sight.
Sara Seager | Speaker | TED.com