TEDGlobal 2009
Alain de Botton: A kinder, gentler philosophy of success
Alan de Boton (Alain de Botton): Blaža, prijatnija filozofija uspeha
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Alan de Boton istražuje naše ideje o uspehu i neuspehu - i preispituje pretpostavke u pozadini ovih sudova. Da li je uspeh uvek zaslužen? Da li je i neuspeh? Elokventno i duhovito priča kako prevazići snobizam i pronaći istinsko zadovoljstvo u onome što radimo.
Alain de Botton - Philosopher
Through his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday. Full bio
Through his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
For me they normally happen, these career crises,
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U krize vezane za karijeru obično
00:15
often, actually, on a Sunday evening,
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zapravo, često zapadam nedeljom uveče,
00:17
just as the sun is starting to set,
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kad sunce počne da zalazi
00:19
and the gap between my hopes for myself,
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i kad jaz između onoga čemu se nadam
00:22
and the reality of my life, start to diverge so painfully
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i stvarnosti u kojoj živim počne tako bolno da raste
00:26
that I normally end up weeping into a pillow.
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da se na kraju obično isplačem.
00:29
I'm mentioning all this,
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Sve vam ovo govorim,
00:31
I'm mentioning all this because I think this is not merely a personal problem.
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jer mislim da se ne radi samo
o mom ličnom problemu.
o mom ličnom problemu.
00:34
You may think I'm wrong in this,
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Možda mislite da grešim.
00:36
but I think that we live in an age when our lives are regularly
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Ali smatram da živimo u dobu
kad svako od nas u životu
kad svako od nas u životu
00:38
punctuated by career crises,
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ima periode krize vezane za karijeru,
00:40
by moments when what we thought we knew,
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trenutke kad se ono sto smo mislili da znamo
00:42
about our lives, about our careers,
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o svom životu i svojoj karijeri
00:44
comes into contact with a threatening sort of reality.
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suočava s pretećom stvarnošću
00:48
It's perhaps easier now than ever before to make a good living.
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Moguće je da je danas više nego
ikad dosad lako dobro živeti.
ikad dosad lako dobro živeti.
00:51
It's perhaps harder than ever before
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Moguće je i da je teže nego ikad
00:54
to stay calm, to be free of career anxiety.
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ostati pribran, bez aknsioznosti u vezi s karijerom.
00:57
I want to look now, if I may,
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Sada bih se, ako dozvolite, posvetio
00:59
at some of the reasons why
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nekim od mogućih razloga
01:01
we might be feeling anxiety about our careers.
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za anksioznost po pitanju karijere.
01:04
Why we might be victims of these career crises,
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Zbog čega smo žrtve tih kriza vezanih za karijeru
01:06
as we're weeping softly into our pillows.
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zbog kojih nečujno ridamo u jastuk.
01:10
One of the reasons why we might be suffering
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Jedan od mogućih razloga za tu našu patnju
01:13
is that we are surrounded by snobs.
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jeste to što smo okruženi snobovima.
01:15
In a way, I've got some bad news,
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E sad, imam u neku ruku loše vesti,
01:18
particularly to anybody who's come to Oxford from abroad.
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naročito za one koji iz inostranstva dođu u Oksford.
01:21
There is a real problem with snobbery.
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Postoji pravi problem u vezi sa snobizmom,
01:23
Because sometimes people from outside the U.K.
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jer oni koji nisu iz Velike Britanije nekad misle
01:25
imagine that snobbery is a distinctively U.K. phenomenon
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da je snobizam tipično britanski fenomen,
01:27
fixated on country houses and titles.
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koji podrazumeva kuću u provinciji i titulu.
01:30
The bad news is that's not true.
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Loša vest je da to nije tačno.
01:32
Snobbery is a global phenomenon.
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Snobizam je globalni fenomen.
01:34
We are a global organization. This is a global phenomenon.
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Mi smo globalna organizacija. Radi se o globalnom fenomenu.
01:36
It exists. What is a snob?
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On je prisutan. Dakle, šta je snob?
01:38
A snob is anybody who takes a small part of you
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Snob je svaka osoba koja na osnovu
jednog delića vaše ličnosti
jednog delića vaše ličnosti
01:41
and uses that to come to a complete vision of who you are.
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stvara sliku o vama kao celini.
01:44
That is snobbery.
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To je snobizam.
01:46
The dominant kind of snobbery
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A dominantna vrsta snobizma
01:48
that exists nowadays is job snobbery.
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današnjice jeste poslovni snobizam.
01:50
You encounter it within minutes at a party,
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Na svakom prijemu ćete se začas susresti s njim,
01:52
when you get asked that famous iconic question
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kad vam postave čuveno pitanje
01:55
of the early 21st century, "What do you do?"
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21. veka: "Čime se bavite?"
01:58
And according to how you answer that question,
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I na osnovu toga kako odgovorite na to pitanje,
02:00
people are either incredibly delighted to see you,
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biće im ili neopisivo drago sto vas vide
02:02
or look at their watch and make their excuses.
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ili će baciti pogled na sat i izviniti se što moraju da idu.
02:04
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:05
Now, the opposite of a snob is your mother.
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A suprotnost od snoba je majka.
02:08
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:10
Not necessarily your mother, or indeed mine,
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Ne nužno baš vaša, pa ni moja majka.
02:13
but, as it were, the ideal mother,
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Već, da tako kažem, idealna majka.
02:15
somebody who doesn't care about your achievements.
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Neko kome nije bitno šta ste postigli u životu.
02:17
But unfortunately, most people are not our mothers.
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Ali, nažalost, nisu nam svi majke.
02:19
Most people make a strict correlation between how much time,
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Kod većine ljudi odluka o tome koliko su vremena
02:22
and if you like, love -- not romantic love,
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i ako želite, ljubavi, pri čemu ne mislim
na romantičnu ljubav,
na romantičnu ljubav,
02:24
though that may be something --
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mada i to može da bude od nekog značaja -
02:26
but love in general, respect,
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već ljubavi uopšte, poštovanja,
02:28
they are willing to accord us, that will be strictly defined
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spremni da nam posvete, strogo je povezana
02:31
by our position in the social hierarchy.
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s našom pozicijom u društvenoj hijerarhiji.
02:33
And that's a lot of the reason why we care so much about our careers
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I upravo to je razlog zašto nam je karijera toliko bitna
02:36
and indeed start caring so much about material goods.
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i naravno, zašto su nam materijalna dobra
postala toliko bitna.
postala toliko bitna.
02:40
You know, we're often told that we live in very materialistic times,
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Vidite, često čujemo da živimo u vreme materijalizma
02:43
that we're all greedy people.
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i da smo svi veoma pohlepni.
02:45
I don't think we are particularly materialistic.
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Ne mislim da smo posebno materijalistički nastrojeni.
02:47
I think we live in a society
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Smatram da živimo u društvu
02:49
which has simply pegged certain emotional rewards
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u kojem je sticanje materijalnih dobara
02:51
to the acquisition of material goods.
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povezano sa izvesnim emotivnim priznanjem.
02:54
It's not the material goods we want. It's the rewards we want.
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Mi ne želimo ta materijalna dobra.
Mi želimo priznanje.
Mi želimo priznanje.
02:57
And that's a new way of looking at luxury goods.
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To je novi stav prema luksuznoj robi.
02:59
The next time you see somebody driving a Ferrari
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Kad sledeći put vidite nekog ko se vozi u Ferariju
03:01
don't think, "This is somebody who is greedy."
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nemojte odmah da pomislite: "Ovaj je pohlepan".
03:03
Think, "This is somebody who is incredibly vulnerable and in need of love."
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Pomislite: "Ovo je neko ko je neverovatno ranjiv
i ko vapi za ljubavlju".
i ko vapi za ljubavlju".
03:06
In other words -- (Laughter)
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Drugim rečima -- (Smeh)
03:11
feel sympathy, rather than contempt.
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nemojte ga prezreti, već imajte razumevanja za njega.
03:13
There are other reasons --
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Ima i drugih razloga --
03:15
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:16
there are other reasons why it's perhaps harder now
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Ima i drugih razloga zašto je danas možda teže
03:18
to feel calm than ever before.
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biti pribran nego ikad ranije.
03:20
One of these, and it's paradoxical because it's linked to something that's rather nice,
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Jedan od njih, paradoksalno je da se
odnosi na nešto prilično prijatno,
odnosi na nešto prilično prijatno,
03:23
is the hope we all have for our careers.
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jeste nada koju gajimo po pitanju svoje karijere.
03:26
Never before have expectations been so high
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Nikad dosad se od ljudi nije očekivalo
03:28
about what human beings can achieve with their lifespan.
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da tako mnogo postignu tokom svog životnog veka.
03:31
We're told, from many sources, that anyone can achieve anything.
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Mnogi izvori nam govore da nema toga
što neko ne može da postigne.
što neko ne može da postigne.
03:34
We've done away with the caste system.
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Rešili smo se kastinskog sistema.
03:36
We are now in a system where anyone can rise
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U našem sistemu svako može da dostigne
03:38
to any position they please.
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položaj koji želi.
03:40
And it's a beautiful idea.
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To je divna pomisao.
03:42
Along with that is a kind of spirit of equality. We're all basically equal.
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Rame uz rame s tim stoji neka vrsta duha jednakosti.
U principu smo svi jednaki.
U principu smo svi jednaki.
03:46
There are no strictly defined
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Nema strogo definisanih
03:48
kind of hierarchies.
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hijerarhija.
03:50
There is one really big problem with this,
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S tim u vezi postoji jedan veliki problem.
03:52
and that problem is envy.
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A taj problem je zavist.
03:54
Envy, it's a real taboo to mention envy,
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Zavist, sam njen pomen je tabu,
03:57
but if there is one dominant emotion in modern society, that is envy.
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ali ako se za neku emociju može reći da dominira u modernom društvu, to je onda zavist.
04:00
And it's linked to the spirit of equality. Let me explain.
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I ona je povezana s duhom jednakosti. Da objasnim.
04:04
I think it would be very unusual for anyone here, or anyone watching,
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Mislim da bi bilo veoma neobično kad bi neko
od vas ovde i neko ko ovo gleda
od vas ovde i neko ko ovo gleda
04:07
to be envious of the Queen of England.
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bio ljubomoran na englesku kraljicu.
04:09
Even though she is much richer than any of you are.
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Bez obzira na to što je bogatija od bilo koga od vas,
04:12
And she's got a very large house.
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i što ima veliku kuću.
04:15
The reason why we don't envy her is because she's too weird.
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Razlog za to jeste to što previše odskače od uobičajenog.
04:19
She's simply too strange.
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Naprosto se previše razlikuje.
04:21
We can't relate to her. She speaks in a funny way.
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Ne možemo se porediti s njom. Ona čudno govori.
04:23
She comes from an odd place.
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Dolazi s neuobičajenog mesta,
04:25
So we can't relate to her. And when you can't relate to somebody, you don't envy them.
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pa ne možemo da se poredimo s njom. A ako s nekim ne možete da se poredite, onda mu i ne zavidite.
04:29
The closer two people are, in age, in background,
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Što je dvoje ljudi sličnije, kad je reč o starosti,
miljeu iz kojeg potiču,
miljeu iz kojeg potiču,
04:32
in the process of identification, the more there is a danger of envy --
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procesu identifikacije, to je veća opasnost od zavisti.
04:35
which is incidentally why none of you should ever go to a school reunion --
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Zbog toga nikada ne bi trebalo
da idete na godišnjice mature,
da idete na godišnjice mature,
04:38
because there is no stronger reference point
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jer se ljudi najčešće porede
04:41
than people one was at school with.
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s onima s kojima su išli u školu.
04:43
But the problem, generally, of modern society, is that it turns the whole world
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Međutim, problem modernog društva u celini
jeste što se ceo svet
jeste što se ceo svet
04:46
into a school. Everybody is wearing jeans, everybody is the same.
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pretvorio u školu. Svi nose farmerke, svi su isti.
04:48
And yet, they're not.
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A s druge strane nisu.
04:50
So there is a spirit of equality, combined with deep inequalities.
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Dakle, prisutan je jedan duh jednakosti u kombinaciji
s oštrim nejednakostima,
s oštrim nejednakostima,
04:53
Which makes for a very -- can make for a very stressful situation.
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što izaziva - može da izazove veoma stresnu situaciju.
04:56
It's probably as unlikely that you would nowadays
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Danas je verovatno podjednako mala verovatnoća
04:58
become as rich and famous as Bill Gates,
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da ćete postati bogati i slavni kao Bil Gejts
05:00
as it was unlikely in the 17th century
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kao što je u 17. veku bila mala verovatnoća
05:02
that you would accede to the ranks of the French aristocracy.
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da ćete postati deo francuske aristokratije.
05:05
But the point is, it doesn't feel that way.
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Ali se radi o tome da je osećaj drugačiji.
05:07
It's made to feel, by magazines and other media outlets,
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Časopisi i drugi mediji doprinose tome da mislite da,
05:10
that if you've got energy, a few bright ideas about technology,
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ako imate energije, par genijalnih tehnoloških ideja
05:13
a garage, you too could start a major thing.
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i garažu, i vi možete da lansirate neki veliki projekat.
05:17
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:18
And the consequences of this problem make themselves felt in bookshops.
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A posledice tog problema se osećaju po knjižarama.
05:21
When you go to a large bookshop and look at the self-help sections,
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Ako u nekoj većoj knjižari odete na odeljenje
s knjigama iz oblasti "sam svoj psiholog",
s knjigama iz oblasti "sam svoj psiholog",
05:24
as I sometimes do,
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što ja ponekad činim,
05:26
if you analyze self-help books that are produced
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i proanalizirate knjige iz te oblasti
05:28
in the world today, there are basically two kinds.
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koje se danas izdaju, videćete da se one,
u suštini, mogu svrstati u dve vrste.
u suštini, mogu svrstati u dve vrste.
05:30
The first kind tells you, "You can do it! You can make it! Anything is possible!"
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Prva vrsta vam govori: "Možeš ti to!
Uspećeš! Sve je moguće!",
Uspećeš! Sve je moguće!",
05:33
And the other kind tells you how to cope
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a druga vrsta vam objašnjava kako da se nosite
05:36
with what we politely call "low self-esteem,"
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s onim što bi se učtivo moglo nazvati
"niskim samopoštovanjem",
"niskim samopoštovanjem",
05:39
or impolitely call "feeling very bad about yourself."
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a neučtivo da se "osećate kao krpa".
05:41
There is a real correlationship,
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Postoji realna korelacija
05:43
a real correlation between a society that tells people that they can do anything
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između društava koja ljudima govore
da su u stanju sve da učine
da su u stanju sve da učine
05:47
and the existence of low self-esteem.
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i postojanja niskog samopoštovanja.
05:49
So that's another way in which something that is quite positive
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To je, dakle, još jedan od slučajeva
kad nešto što je sasvim pozitivno,
kad nešto što je sasvim pozitivno,
05:51
can have a nasty kickback.
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može da ima veoma negativne posledice.
05:53
There is another reason why we might be feeling more anxious,
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Postoji još jedan razlog iz kojeg
bismo mogli da budemo anksiozniji
bismo mogli da budemo anksiozniji
05:56
about our careers, about our status in the world today, than ever before.
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nego ikad kad je reč o karijeri
i statusu u današnjem svetu,
i statusu u današnjem svetu,
06:00
And it is, again, linked to something nice,
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i on je takođe povezan s nečim pozitivnim.
06:02
and that nice thing is called meritocracy.
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Ta pozitivna pojava zove se meritokratija.
06:05
Everybody, all politicians on Left and Right,
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Svi redom, svi političari i levica i desnica,
06:07
agree that meritocracy is a great thing,
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slažu se da je meritokratija odlična
06:09
and we should all be trying to make our societies really, really meritocratic.
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i da svi treba da se trudimo da naše društvo
postane stvarno meritokratsko.
postane stvarno meritokratsko.
06:13
In other words, what is a meritocratic society?
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Drugim rečima, šta je meritokratsko društvo?
06:17
A meritocratic society is one in which
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Meritokratsko je ono društvo u kojem ćete,
06:19
if you've got talent and energy and skill,
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ako raspolažete talentom, energijom i umećem,
06:21
you will get to the top. Nothing should hold you back.
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dosegnuti vrh. Ne bi trebalo ništa da vas spreči.
06:23
It's a beautiful idea. The problem is
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To je divna zamisao. Problem je u tome
06:26
if you really believe in a society
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što, ako zaista verujete u neko društvo,
06:28
where those who merit to get to the top, get to the top,
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u kojem oni koji to zaslužuju stižu do vrha,
06:31
you'll also, by implication, and in a far more nasty way,
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vi istovremeno, što je mnogo negativnije, implicitno
06:34
believe in a society where those who deserve to get to the bottom
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verujete u društvo gde oni koji zaslužuju da padnu na dno,
06:37
also get to the bottom and stay there.
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zaista tamo padaju i ostaju.
06:40
In other words, your position in life comes to seem not accidental,
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Drugim rečima, vaš položaj u društvu
više ne deluje kao slučajnost,
više ne deluje kao slučajnost,
06:43
but merited and deserved.
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već postaje pravedno zaslužen.
06:45
And that makes failure seem much more crushing.
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Na taj način neuspeh postaje mnogo pogubniji.
06:48
You know, in the Middle Ages, in England,
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Vidite, u Srednjem veku u Engleskoj
06:50
when you met a very poor person,
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siromašna osoba
06:52
that person would be described as an "unfortunate" --
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nazivana je "nesrećnikom".
06:55
literally, somebody who had not been blessed by fortune, an unfortunate.
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Bukvalno, takva osoba smatrana je nekim kome
se sreća nije osmehnula, dakle, nesrećnikom.
se sreća nije osmehnula, dakle, nesrećnikom.
06:59
Nowadays, particularly in the United States,
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Danas, naročito u Sjedinjenim Državama,
07:01
if you meet someone at the bottom of society,
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neko ko se nalazi na dnu društvene lestvice
07:03
they may unkindly be described as a "loser."
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mogao bi bezdušno biti nazvan "gubitnikom".
07:06
There is a real difference between an unfortunate and a loser,
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Postoji stvarna razlika između nesrećnika i gubitnika.
07:09
and that shows 400 years of evolution in society
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Ona se vidi iz 400 godina društvene evolucije
07:12
and our belief in who is responsible for our lives.
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i naših uverenja u vezi s tim
ko je odgovoran za naš život.
ko je odgovoran za naš život.
07:15
It's no longer the gods, it's us. We're in the driving seat.
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Više to nisu bogovi, već mi sami.
Mi imamo glavnu reč,
Mi imamo glavnu reč,
07:18
That's exhilarating if you're doing well,
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što je sjajno ako nam dobro ide,
07:20
and very crushing if you're not.
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i pogubno ako nam loše ide.
07:22
It leads, in the worst cases, in the analysis of a sociologist
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U najgorim slučajevima, u skladu s analizom sociologa
07:25
like Emil Durkheim, it leads to increased rates of suicide.
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kao sto je Emil Dirkem, to dovodi
do povišene stope samoubistava.
do povišene stope samoubistava.
07:29
There are more suicides in developed individualistic countries
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Samoubistva su češća u razvijenim
individualizovaim društvima
individualizovaim društvima
07:32
than in any other part of the world.
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nego u bilo kom drugom delu sveta.
07:34
And some of the reason for that is that people take what happens
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Jedan od razloga za to jeste to što ljudi veoma lično
07:36
to them extremely personally.
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shvataju ono što im se dešava.
07:38
They own their success. But they also own their failure.
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Kako svoje uspehe, tako i neuspehe.
07:42
Is there any relief from some of these pressures
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Mogu li se ublažiti neki od pritisaka
07:44
that I've just been outlining?
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koje sam upravo opisao?
07:46
I think there is. I just want to turn to a few of them.
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Mislim da mogu. Objasniću neke od načina.
07:48
Let's take meritocracy.
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Uzmimo za primer meritokratiju.
07:50
This idea that everybody deserves to get where they get to,
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Polazi se od toga da svako
zaslužuje ono što ga je snašlo.
zaslužuje ono što ga je snašlo.
07:53
I think it's a crazy idea, completely crazy.
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Mislim da je to luda ideja, veoma luda.
07:56
I will support any politician of Left and Right,
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Podržaću bilo kojeg političara, levičara ili desničara,
07:58
with any halfway decent meritocratic idea.
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koji zastupa iole pristojno meritokratsko stanovište.
08:00
I am a meritocrat in that sense.
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Ja sam meritokrata i to je to.
08:02
But I think it's insane to believe that we will ever
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Ali, ja smatram da je besmisleno
verovati da ćemo ikada
verovati da ćemo ikada
08:04
make a society that is genuinely meritocratic. It's an impossible dream.
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stvoriti zaista meritokratsko društvo.
To je neostvariv san.
To je neostvariv san.
08:08
The idea that we will make a society
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Ideja da ćemo stvoriti društvo
08:10
where literally everybody is graded,
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u kojem je bukvalno svako svrstan u neku kategoriju
08:12
the good at the top, and the bad at the bottom,
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gde su dobri na vrhu, a loši na dnu,
08:14
and it's exactly done as it should be, is impossible.
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i to bez greške, to je nemoguće.
08:16
There are simply too many random factors:
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Naprosto ima previše nasumičnih faktora.
08:18
accidents, accidents of birth,
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Nesrećnih slučajeva, bilo da se radi o rođenju
08:20
accidents of things dropping on people's heads, illnesses, etc.
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ili kad nekom nešto padne na glavu ili bolesti i sl.
08:23
We will never get to grade them,
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Takve stvari nikad nećemo moći da svrstamo u neku kategoriju.
08:25
never get to grade people as they should.
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Nikad nećemo moći da klasifikujemo ljude kakvi jesu.
08:27
I'm drawn to a lovely quote by St. Augustine in "The City of God,"
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Ovde bih naveo jedan lep citat
svetog Avgustina iz "Božjeg grada"
svetog Avgustina iz "Božjeg grada"
08:30
where he says, "It's a sin to judge any man by his post."
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gde on kaže: "Greh je suditi o čoveku
na osnovu njegovog položaja".
na osnovu njegovog položaja".
08:34
In modern English that would mean
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Na jeziku današnjice to bi značilo:
08:36
it's a sin to come to any view of who you should talk to
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"Greh je odlučivati o tome s kim ćete govoriti
08:38
dependent on their business card.
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na osnovu njegove vizit-karte."
08:40
It's not the post that should count.
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Položaj ne bi trebalo da se računa.
08:42
According to St. Augustine,
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Prema svetom Avgustinu,
08:44
it's only God who can really put everybody in their place.
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jedino Bog može svakom da odredi mesto.
08:46
And he's going to do that on the Day of Judgment
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On će to učiniti na Sudnji dan
08:48
with angels and trumpets, and the skies will open.
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uz anđele i trube i nebesa će se otvoriti.
08:50
Insane idea, if you're a secularist person, like me.
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To je besmislena pomisao ukolliko ste
sekularno opredeljeni, kao ja.
sekularno opredeljeni, kao ja.
08:53
But something very valuable in that idea, nevertheless.
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Ali u njoj ipak ima nečeg veoma vrednog.
08:55
In other words, hold your horses when you're coming to judge people.
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Drugim rečima, obuzdajte se kad
vam dođe da sudite o ljudima.
vam dođe da sudite o ljudima.
08:59
You don't necessarily know what someone's true value is.
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Ne mora da znači da zaista znate
koliko neko zaista vredi.
koliko neko zaista vredi.
09:02
That is an unknown part of them.
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To je nepoznati deo čoveka,
09:04
And we shouldn't behave as though it is known.
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i ne bi trebalo da se ponašamo kao da je poznat.
09:07
There is another source of solace and comfort for all this.
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Za sve ovo postoji još jedan izvor utehe.
09:10
When we think about failing in life, when we think about failure,
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Kad razmišljamo u neuspehu u životu,
09:13
one of the reasons why we fear failing is not just
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mi se ne bojimo neuspeha samo kao
09:15
a loss of income, a loss of status.
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gubitka prihoda, gubitka statusa.
09:17
What we fear is the judgment and ridicule of others. And it exists.
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Ono čega se bojimo jeste osuda i podsmeh
drugih ljudi. A oni su prisutni.
drugih ljudi. A oni su prisutni.
09:21
You know, the number one organ of ridicule
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Vidite, prvenstveni instrument podsmeha
09:23
nowadays, is the newspaper.
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danas jeste štampa.
09:25
And if you open the newspaper any day of the week,
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Ako otvorite novine bilo kojeg dana u nedelji,
09:27
it's full of people who've messed up their lives.
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videćete da su pune priča o ljudima
koji su uprskali svoj život.
koji su uprskali svoj život.
09:29
They've slept with the wrong person. They've taken the wrong substance.
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Ili su spavali s pogrešnom osobom
ili su se odali pogrešnoj supstanci
ili su se odali pogrešnoj supstanci
09:32
They've passed the wrong piece of legislation. Whatever it is.
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ili su doneli pogrešan zakon.
Šta god da je u pitanju,
Šta god da je u pitanju,
09:34
And then are fit for ridicule.
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oni su postali predmet podsmeha.
09:37
In other words, they have failed. And they are described as "losers."
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Drugim rečima, neuspešni su.
Opisani su kao "gubitnici".
Opisani su kao "gubitnici".
09:40
Now is there any alternative to this?
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Postoji li bilo kakva alternativa za to?
09:42
I think the Western tradition shows us one glorious alternative,
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Mislim da nam tradicija Zapada
nudi jednu veličanstvenu alternativu.
nudi jednu veličanstvenu alternativu.
09:44
and that is tragedy.
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A to je tragedija.
09:47
Tragic art, as it developed in the theaters of ancient Greece,
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Umetnost tragedije, kakva je nastala
u pozorištima antičke Grčke
u pozorištima antičke Grčke
09:50
in the fifth century B.C., was essentially an art form
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u 5. veku pre nove ere, bila je
u suštini vid umetnosti
u suštini vid umetnosti
09:52
devoted to tracing how people fail,
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posvećen traganju za načinima ljudskog neuspeha
09:55
and also according them a level of sympathy,
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i pridavanju izvesnog stepena saosećanja
09:59
which ordinary life would not necessarily accord them.
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koje im u običnom životu ne bi nužno pripalo.
10:03
I remember a few years ago, I was thinking about all this,
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Sećam se da sam pre nekoliko godina
razmišljao o svemu tome.
razmišljao o svemu tome.
10:04
and I went to see "The Sunday Sport,"
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Išao sam da se vidim s ljudima iz "The Sunday Sport",
10:06
a tabloid newspaper that I don't recommend you to start reading
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tabloida koji vam ne bih preporučio
10:09
if you're not familiar with it already.
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ukoliko vam nije već poznat.
10:11
I went to talk to them
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Išao sam da razgovaram s njima
10:13
about certain of the great tragedies of Western art.
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o izvesnim velikim tragedijama u umetnosti Zapada.
10:16
I wanted to see how they would seize the bare bones
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Hteo sam da vidim kako će reagovati na okosnicu
10:18
of certain stories if they came in as a news item
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izvesnih priča ako se pojave kao novinska vest
10:21
at the news desk on a Saturday afternoon.
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na televiziji u subotu uveče.
10:24
So I told them about Othello. They had not heard of it but were fascinated by it.
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Ispričao sam im priču o Otelu.
Nisu je ranije čuli, ali su bili fascinirani.
Nisu je ranije čuli, ali su bili fascinirani.
10:26
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:27
And I asked them to write the headline for the story of Othello.
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Zamolio sam ih da napišu naslov za priču o Otelu.
10:30
They came up with "Love-Crazed Immigrant Kills Senator's Daughter"
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Sastavili su naslov: "Imigrant zaslepljen ljubavlju
ubio senatorovu ćerku"
ubio senatorovu ćerku"
10:33
splashed across the headline.
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ispisan preko cele stranice.
10:35
I gave them the plotline of Madame Bovary.
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Ispričao sam im radnju "Madam Bovari".
10:37
Again, a book they were enchanted to discover.
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I ovog puta su bili oduševljeni otkrićem nove knjige,
10:39
And they wrote "Shopaholic Adulteress Swallows Arsenic After Credit Fraud."
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i napisali su "Preljubnica opsednuta šopingom proneverila kreditnu karticu pa se otrovala arsenikom".
10:44
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:45
And then my favorite.
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A sad moj omiljeni.
10:47
They really do have a kind of genius all of their own, these guys.
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Znate, ti tipovi su stvarno na neki način genijalni.
10:49
My favorite is Sophocles' Oedipus the King:
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Moj omiljeni je Sofoklov "Kralj Edip".
10:51
"Sex With Mum Was Blinding"
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"Seks s majkom zaslepljuje".
10:54
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:57
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
10:59
In a way, if you like, at one end of the spectrum of sympathy,
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Na neki način, da tako kažemo,
na jednom kraju spektra saosećajnosti
na jednom kraju spektra saosećajnosti
11:02
you've got the tabloid newspaper.
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imamo taboide.
11:04
At the other end of the spectrum you've got tragedy and tragic art,
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Na drugom kraju imamo tragediju i umetnost tragedije.
11:07
and I suppose I'm arguing that we should learn a little bit
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Ovde otprilike hoću da kažem
da bi nešto trebalo da naučimo
da bi nešto trebalo da naučimo
11:09
about what's happening in tragic art.
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o tome šta se dešava u tragediji.
11:11
It would be insane to call Hamlet a loser.
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Bilo bi besmisleno nazvati Hamleta gubitnikom.
11:14
He is not a loser, though he has lost.
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On nije gubitnik, mada gubi.
11:17
And I think that is the message of tragedy to us,
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I mislim da je to poruka koju treba da izvučemo iz tragedije,
11:19
and why it's so very, very important, I think.
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mislim da je zato to toliko važno.
11:22
The other thing about modern society
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Druga stvar vezana za savremeno društvo
11:24
and why it causes this anxiety
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i zašto se u njemu javlja ta aknsioznost
11:26
is that we have nothing at its center that is non-human.
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jeste to što u njegovom središtu
nema ničeg što nije ljudskog porekla.
nema ničeg što nije ljudskog porekla.
11:29
We are the first society to be living in a world
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Mi smo prvo društvo koje živi u svetu
11:31
where we don't worship anything other than ourselves.
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u kojem ne služimo nikom osim sebi.
11:34
We think very highly of ourselves, and so we should.
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Mi imamo veoma visoko mišljenje o sebi, što je u redu.
11:36
We've put people on the moon. We've done all sorts of extraordinary things.
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Poslali smo čoveka na Mesec.
Postigli smo niz izuzetnih stvari.
Postigli smo niz izuzetnih stvari.
11:39
And so we tend to worship ourselves.
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Zato obožavamo sami sebe.
11:41
Our heroes are human heroes.
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Naši junaci su ljudska bića.
11:43
That's a very new situation.
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To je nova situacija.
11:45
Most other societies have had, right at their center,
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Većina društava je u samom svom središtu
11:47
the worship of something transcendent: a god,
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kao predmet obožavanja imala
nešto transcendentno. Boga,
nešto transcendentno. Boga,
11:49
a spirit, a natural force, the universe,
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duh, prirodnu silu, univerzum.
11:51
whatever it is, something else that is being worshiped.
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Predmet obožavanja uvek je bio nešto drugo,
šta god on bio.
šta god on bio.
11:54
We've slightly lost the habit of doing that,
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Mi smo izgubili naviku da to činimo.
11:56
which is, I think, why we're particularly drawn to nature.
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Što je, po mom mišljenju, razlog
što smo toliko okrenuti prirodi.
što smo toliko okrenuti prirodi.
11:58
Not for the sake of our health, though it's often presented that way,
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Ne iz zdravstvenih razloga,
mada se to često tako predstavlja.
mada se to često tako predstavlja.
12:01
but because it's an escape from the human anthill.
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Već zato što to predstavlja beg iz ljudskog mravinjaka.
12:05
It's an escape from our own competition,
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To je beg od našeg sopstvenog nadmetanja
12:07
and our own dramas.
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i naših sopstvenih drama.
12:09
And that's why we enjoy looking at glaciers and oceans,
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Zato nam prija da gledamo glečere i okeane
12:11
and contemplating the Earth from outside its perimeters, etc.
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i zamišljamo kakva je zemlja izvan njenih granica, itd.
12:15
We like to feel in contact with something that is non-human,
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Želimo da osetimo dodir s nečim što nije ljudsko.
12:19
and that is so deeply important to us.
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To nam je veoma bitno.
12:23
What I think I've been talking about really is success and failure.
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U stvari, ja zapravo govorim o uspehu i neuspehu.
12:26
And one of the interesting things about success
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Ono što je zanimljivo kad je reč o uspehu
12:29
is that we think we know what it means.
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jeste što mislimo da znamo šta on znači.
12:31
If I said to you that there is somebody behind the screen
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Ako vam kažem da iza scene stoji neko
12:33
who is very very successful, certain ideas would immediately come to mind.
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ko je strašno uspešan, odmah će vam pasti na pamet izvesne stvari.
12:36
You would think that person might have made a lot of money,
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Pomislićete da je ta osoba zaradila puno novca,
12:38
achieved renown in some field.
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da je priznata na nekom polju.
12:41
My own theory of success -- and I'm somebody
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Prema mojoj vlastitoj teoriji uspeha,
a ja sam neko koga uspeh
a ja sam neko koga uspeh
12:43
who is very interested in success. I really want to be successful.
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veoma zanima. Stvarno želim da budem uspešan.
12:46
I'm always thinking, "How could I be more successful?"
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Uvek se pitam: "Kako bih mogao
da budem još uspešniji?"
da budem još uspešniji?"
12:48
But as I get older, I'm also very nuanced
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Međutim, kako starim, sve više pravim tanane razlike
12:50
about what that word "success" might mean.
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između raznih značenja pojma "uspeh".
12:52
Here's an insight that I've had about success.
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Evo mog poimanja uspeha.
12:54
You can't be successful at everything.
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Ne može se biti uspešan u svemu.
12:57
We hear a lot of talk about work-life balance.
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Dosta slušamo o ravnoteži između posla i života.
12:59
Nonsense. You can't have it all. You can't.
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To je besmislica. Ne može se sve postići. Ne može.
13:02
So any vision of success
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Tako da se u svakoj viziji uspeha
13:04
has to admit what it's losing out on,
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mora priznati na čemu se gubi,
13:06
where the element of loss is.
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šta je element gubitka.
13:08
I think any wise life will accept,
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Smatram da će svako razborito biće,
13:11
as I say, that there is going to be an element where we are not succeeding.
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da tako kažem, prihvatiti da postoji
i element u kojem neće uspeti.
i element u kojem neće uspeti.
13:14
Thing about a successful life
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Kad je reč o uspešnom životu,
13:16
is, a lot of the time, our ideas
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činjenica je da često naše viđenje
13:18
of what it would mean to live successfully are not our own.
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uspeha u životu ustvari nije naše.
13:21
They are sucked in from other people:
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Preuzeto je od drugih.
13:23
chiefly, if you're a man, your father,
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Ukoliko ste muško, to je najčešće vaš otac,
13:25
and if you're a woman, your mother.
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ukoliko ste žensko, to je vaša majka.
13:27
Psychoanalysis has been drumming home this message for about 80 years.
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Psihoanalitičari to ponavljaju već osamdesetak godina.
13:30
No one is quite listening hard enough, but I very much believe that that's true.
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Niko ne sluša baš pažljivo, ali ja sam uveren da je to tačno.
13:33
And we also suck in messages
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Ideje upijamo i iz
13:35
from everything from the television, to advertising,
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svega što vidimo na televiziji, preko reklama,
13:37
to marketing, etc.
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do propagandnih poruka itd.
13:39
These are hugely powerful forces
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To su izuzetno moćne sile
13:41
that define what we want and how we view ourselves.
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koje definišu ono što želimo i kako vidimo sami sebe.
13:45
When we're told that banking is a very respectable profession
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Kad nam je rečeno da je bankarstvo cenjena profesija,
13:48
a lot of us want to go into banking.
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mnogi od nas su želeli da postanu bankari.
13:50
When banking is no longer so respectable, we lose interest in banking.
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Kad bankarstvo prestane da bude tako cenjeno,
mi gubimo interesovanje za njega.
mi gubimo interesovanje za njega.
13:53
We are highly open to suggestion.
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Veoma smo podložni sugestiji.
13:56
So what I want to argue for is not that we should give up
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Dakle, ono što hoću da kažem,
jeste da ne treba da odustajemo
jeste da ne treba da odustajemo
13:59
on our ideas of success,
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od svog poimanja uspeha.
14:01
but we should make sure that they are our own.
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Ali treba da se postaramo da je ono zaista naše.
14:03
We should focus in on our ideas
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Treba da se usredsredimo na svoje ideje
14:05
and make sure that we own them,
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i budemo sigurni da su one naše,
14:08
that we are truly the authors of our own ambitions.
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da smo zaista mi autori svojih sopstvenih ambicija.
14:10
Because it's bad enough, not getting what you want,
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Jer je već dovoljno loše ako ne postignete ono što želite,
14:12
but it's even worse to have an idea
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ali je još gore kad imate neku ideju
14:15
of what it is you want and find out at the end of a journey,
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o tome šta želite i na kraju shvatite
14:18
that it isn't, in fact, what you wanted all along.
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da to uopšte nije ono što ste želeli.
14:21
So I'm going to end it there.
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Ovim ću završiti.
14:23
But what I really want to stress is
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Ali ono što bih svakako želeo da istaknem
14:26
by all means, success, yes.
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jeste uspeh.
14:28
But let's accept the strangeness of some of our ideas.
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Ali pokušajmo da shvatimo da su
neke od naših ideja strane,
neke od naših ideja strane,
14:30
Let's probe away at our notions of success.
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ispitajmo svoje viđenje uspeha.
14:33
Let's make sure our ideas of success are truly our own.
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Budimo sigurni da su naše ideje o uspehu zaista naše.
14:37
Thank you very much.
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Hvala najlepše.
14:39
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
14:55
Chris Anderson: That was fascinating. How do you reconcile
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Kris Andreson: Ovo je bilo fascinantno. Kako pomiriti
14:57
this idea of someone being --
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ideju da je neko -
15:02
it being bad to think of someone as a loser
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da je loše nekog smatrati gubitnikom
15:05
with the idea, that a lot of people like, of seizing control of your life.
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s idejom koja je mnogim ljudima privlačna,
a to je da kontrolišu svoj zivot?
a to je da kontrolišu svoj zivot?
15:09
And that a society that encourages that
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I da u društvu koje to podstiče
15:12
perhaps has to have some winners and losers.
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moraju da postoje i dobitnici i gubitnici.
15:15
Alain de Botton: Yes. I think it's merely the randomness
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Alan de Boton: Da. Smatram da je nasumičnost
15:18
of the winning and losing process that I wanted to stress.
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procesa dobijanja, odnosno gubljenja
ono što sam hteo da istaknem.
ono što sam hteo da istaknem.
15:20
Because the emphasis nowadays is so much
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Jer se danas u velikoj meri ističe
15:22
on the justice of everything,
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pravičnost u svemu.
15:24
and politicians always talk about justice.
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Političari neprestano pričaju o pravdi.
15:26
Now I am a firm believer in justice, I just think that it is impossible.
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Ja duboko verujem u pravdu,
ali mislim da ona nije moguća.
ali mislim da ona nije moguća.
15:29
So we should do everything we can,
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Stoga treba da učinimo sve što je u našoj moći
15:31
we should do everything we can to pursue it.
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da je dostignemo.
15:33
But at the end of the day we should always remember
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Ali, na kraju svega, uvek treba da imamo na umu
15:35
that whoever is facing us, whatever has happened in their lives,
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da u životnim događajima
svakoga s kim se sretnemo,
svakoga s kim se sretnemo,
15:38
there will be a strong element of the haphazard.
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postoji snažan element nasumičnosti.
15:41
And it's that that I'm trying to leave room for.
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To je ono čemu želim da ostavim prostor.
15:43
Because otherwise it can get quite claustrophobic.
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Jer bi inače moglo da postane prilično klaustrofobično.
15:45
CA: I mean, do you believe that you can combine
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KA: Znači, Vi verujete da je moguća kombinacija
15:47
your kind of kinder, gentler philosophy of work
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vaše blaže, prijatnije filozofije rada
15:49
with a successful economy?
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i uspešne ekonomije?
15:53
Or do you think that you can't?
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Ili mislite da nije?
15:55
But it doesn't matter that much that we're putting too much emphasis on that?
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Ali nije naročito bitno ako na tome previše insistiramo?
15:57
AB: The nightmare thought
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AB: Zastrašujuća pomisao
16:00
is that frightening people is the best way to get work out of them,
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jeste da je najbolji način da se ljudi nateraju
da rade da im se utera strah u kosti.
da rade da im se utera strah u kosti.
16:04
and that somehow the crueler the environment
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I da, što je okrutnije okruženje,
16:07
the more people will rise to the challenge.
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to će ljudi bolje reagovati na izazov.
16:09
You want to think, who would you like as your ideal dad?
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Razmislite, kakav bi bio vaš idealni otac?
16:13
And your ideal dad is somebody who is tough but gentle.
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To bi bio neko ko je strog ali blag.
16:16
And it's a very hard line to make.
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A to je teško postići.
16:18
We need fathers, as it were, the exemplary father figures in society,
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U društvu su nam potrebni očevi,
neko na koga ćemo se ugledati,
neko na koga ćemo se ugledati,
16:22
avoiding the two extremes,
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koji nisu zašli ni u jednu od te dve krajnosti.
16:24
which is the authoritarian, disciplinarian, on the one hand,
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To znači da, s jedne strane,
imaju autoritet i zavode disciplinu,
imaju autoritet i zavode disciplinu,
16:28
and on the other, the lax, no rules option.
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a s druge strane opušteni, koji ne nameću pravila.
16:32
CA: Alain de Botton.
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KA: Ovo je bio Alan de Boton.
16:34
AB: Thank you very much.
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AB: Mnogo vam hvala.
16:36
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alain de Botton - PhilosopherThrough his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday.
Why you should listen
It started in 1997, when Alain de Botton turned away from writing novels and instead wrote a touching extended essay titled How Proust Can Change Your Life, which became an unlikely blockbuster in the "self-help"category. His subsequent books take on some of the fundamental worries of modern life (am I happy? where exactly do I stand?), informed by his deep reading in philosophy and by a novelist's eye for small, perfect moments. His newest book is The Pleasures and Sorrows of Work.
In 2008, de Botton helped start the School of Life in London, a social enterprise determined to make learning and therapy relevant in today's uptight culture. His goal is (through any of his mediums) to help clients learn "how to live wisely and well."
Alain de Botton | Speaker | TED.com