TEDIndia 2009
Jane Chen: A warm embrace that saves lives
Džejn Čen: Topao zagrljaj koji spašava živote
Filmed:
Readability: 4
874,886 views
U zemljama u razvoju, pristup inkubatorima je ograničen troškovima i udaljenošću i milioni prerano rođenih beba umiru svake godine. TED saradnica Džejn Čen pokazuje izum koji može grejati milione takvih beba - dizajn koji je siguran, prenosiv, jevtin i koji čuva živote.
Jane Chen - Social entrepreneur
TED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world. Full bio
TED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Please close your eyes,
0
0
3000
Molim vas zatvorite oči
00:18
and open your hands.
1
3000
3000
i otvorite dlanove.
00:21
Now imagine what you could place in your hands:
2
6000
3000
Sada zamislite šta možete staviti na dlanove:
00:24
an apple, maybe your wallet.
3
9000
3000
jabuku, možda svoj novčanik.
00:27
Now open your eyes.
4
12000
2000
Sada otvorite oči.
00:29
What about a life?
5
14000
2000
A život?
00:31
What you see here is a premature baby.
6
16000
2000
Ovde vidite nedonošče.
00:33
He looks like he's resting peacefully, but in fact he's struggling to stay alive
7
18000
3000
Izgleda kao da se mirno odmara, ali ustvari se bori da ostane živ
00:36
because he can't regulate his own body temperature.
8
21000
3000
jer ne može sam da održava svoju telesnu temperaturu.
00:39
This baby is so tiny he doesn't have
9
24000
2000
Ova beba je toliko sitna da nema
00:41
enough fat on his body to stay warm.
10
26000
2000
dovoljno sala na telu da ga greje.
00:43
Sadly, 20 million babies like this
11
28000
3000
Nažalost, 20 miliona ovakvih beba
00:46
are born every year around the world.
12
31000
3000
se rodi svake godine širom sveta.
00:49
Four million of these babies die annually.
13
34000
2000
Četiri miliona ovakvih beba godišnje umre.
00:51
But the bigger problem is that the ones who do survive
14
36000
3000
Ali veći problem je što one koje uspeju da prežive
00:54
grow up with severe, long-term health problems.
15
39000
3000
odrastaju sa teškim, dugoročnim zdravstvenim problemima.
00:57
The reason is because in the first month of a baby's life,
16
42000
3000
Razlog tome je što je u prvom mesecu bebinog života
01:00
its only job is to grow.
17
45000
2000
njen jedini posao da raste.
01:02
If it's battling hypothermia, its organs can't develop normally,
18
47000
3000
Ako se bori protiv hipotermije njeni organi ne mogu normalno da se razvijaju,
01:05
resulting in a range of health problems
19
50000
2000
što rezultira raznim zdravstvenim problemima
01:07
from diabetes, to heart disease,
20
52000
2000
od dijabetesa do bolesti srca,
01:09
to low I.Q.
21
54000
2000
do niskog I.Q.-a.
01:11
Imagine: Many of these problems could be prevented
22
56000
3000
Zamislite, mnogi od ovih problema mogu se sprečiti
01:14
if these babies were just kept warm.
23
59000
3000
kad bi se bebe samo mogle ugrejati.
01:17
That is the primary function of an incubator.
24
62000
2000
To je primarna funkcija inkubatora.
01:19
But traditional incubators require electricity
25
64000
2000
Ali tradicionalni inkubatori zahtevaju struju
01:21
and cost up to 20 thousand dollars.
26
66000
3000
i koštaju do 20.000 dolara.
01:24
So, you're not going to find them in rural areas of developing countries.
27
69000
3000
Dakle, nećete ih videti u ruralnim delovima zemalja u razvoju.
01:27
As a result, parents resort to local solutions
28
72000
3000
Posledično, roditelji posežu za lokalnim rešenjima,
01:30
like tying hot water bottles around their babies' bodies,
29
75000
3000
kao što je vezivanje flaša sa toplom vodom oko bebinog tela
01:33
or placing them under light bulbs like the ones you see here --
30
78000
3000
ili stavljanje beba ispod sijalica kao što su ove koje vidite -
01:36
methods that are both ineffective and unsafe.
31
81000
3000
metode koje nisu ni učinkovite ni bezbedne.
01:39
I've seen this firsthand over and over again.
32
84000
3000
Viđam ovo iz prve ruke, iznova i iznova.
01:42
On one of my first trips to India, I met this young woman, Sevitha,
33
87000
3000
Prilikom jedne od prvih poseta Indiji upoznala sam ovu mladu ženu, Sevitu,
01:45
who had just given birth to a tiny premature baby, Rani.
34
90000
4000
koja je bila upravo rodila sitno nedonošče, Rani.
01:49
She took her baby to the nearest village clinic,
35
94000
3000
Odnela je svoju bebu u najbližu seosku kliniku
01:52
and the doctor advised her to take Rani
36
97000
2000
i doktor joj je savetovao da odnese Rani
01:54
to a city hospital so she could be placed in an incubator.
37
99000
4000
u gradsku bolnicu gde bi je stavili u inkubator.
01:58
But that hospital was over four hours away,
38
103000
3000
Ali ta bolnica je bila udaljena preko 4 sata.
02:01
and Sevitha didn't have the means to get there,
39
106000
3000
A Sevita nije imala načina da stigne tamo
02:04
so her baby died.
40
109000
2000
i njena beba je umrla.
02:06
Inspired by this story, and dozens of other similar stories like this,
41
111000
3000
Inspirisani ovom i desetinama priča sličnim ovoj,
02:09
my team and I realized what was needed was a local solution,
42
114000
3000
moj tim i ja smo shvatili da je potrebno lokalno rešenje,
02:12
something that could work without electricity,
43
117000
2000
nešto što bi radilo bez struje,
02:14
that was simple enough for a mother or a midwife to use,
44
119000
3000
što bi bilo dovoljno jednostavno za majku ili babicu da koriste,
02:17
given that the majority of births still take place in the home.
45
122000
3000
s obzirom da se većina porođaja i dalje dešava kod kuće.
02:20
We needed something that was portable,
46
125000
2000
Bilo nam je potrebno nešto prenosivo,
02:22
something that could be sterilized and reused across multiple babies
47
127000
3000
što bi moglo da se steriliše i ponovo koristi za više beba
02:25
and something ultra-low-cost,
48
130000
2000
i nešto ultra-jevtino,
02:27
compared to the 20,000 dollars
49
132000
2000
u poređenju sa cenom od 20.000 dolara
02:29
that an incubator in the U.S. costs.
50
134000
3000
koliko košta inkubator u S.A.D.
02:32
So, this is what we came up with.
51
137000
2000
Ovo smo smislili.
02:34
What you see here looks nothing like an incubator.
52
139000
2000
Ovo što ovde vidite uopšte ne liči na inkubator.
02:36
It looks like a small sleeping bag for a baby.
53
141000
3000
Izgleda kao mala vreća za spavanje za bebu.
02:39
You can open it up completely. It's waterproof.
54
144000
3000
Možete je potpuno otvoriti. Vodootporna je.
02:42
There's no seams inside so you can sterilize it very easily.
55
147000
3000
Nema šavova iznutra tako da je možete sterilisati veoma lako.
02:45
But the magic is in this pouch of wax.
56
150000
4000
Ali magija je u ovoj kesi sa voskom.
02:49
This is a phase-change material.
57
154000
2000
Ovo je materijal koji menja oblik.
02:51
It's a wax-like substance with a melting point
58
156000
2000
To je supstanca slična vosku koja se topi
02:53
of human body temperature, 37 degrees Celsius.
59
158000
3000
na temperaturi čovekovog tela, 37 stepeni Celzijusa.
02:56
You can melt this simply using hot water
60
161000
3000
Možete ga otopiti samo korišćenjem tople vode
02:59
and then when it melts it's able to maintain one constant temperature
61
164000
4000
i kada se otopi u stanju je da održi konstantnu temperaturu
03:03
for four to six hours at a time,
62
168000
2000
između 4 i 6 sati odjednom,
03:05
after which you simply reheat the pouch.
63
170000
3000
posle čega jednostavno ponovo ugrejete kesu.
03:08
So, you then place it into this little pocket back here,
64
173000
5000
Dakle, onda je smestite u ovaj mali džep pozadi
03:15
and it creates a warm micro-environment
65
180000
2000
i to stvara toplo mikro-okruženje
03:17
for the baby.
66
182000
3000
za bebu.
03:20
Looks simple, but we've reiterated this dozens of times
67
185000
4000
Izgleda jednostavno, ali ponavljali smo ovo desetine puta
03:24
by going into the field to talk to doctors, moms and clinicians
68
189000
3000
tako što smo išli na teren i pričali sa doktorima, mamama i kliničarima
03:27
to ensure that this really meets the needs of the local communities.
69
192000
3000
kako bismo bili sigurni da stvarno zadovoljava potrebe lokalnih zajednica.
03:30
We plan to launch this product in India in 2010,
70
195000
3000
Planiramo da lansiramo ovaj proizvod u Indiji 2010.
03:33
and the target price point will be 25 dollars,
71
198000
4000
Cena će biti 25 dolara,
03:37
less than 0.1 percent of the cost
72
202000
2000
manje od 0.1% cene
03:39
of a traditional incubator.
73
204000
3000
tradicionalnog inkubatora.
03:42
Over the next five years we hope to save the lives
74
207000
2000
U narednih pet godina planiramo da spasemo živote
03:44
of almost a million babies.
75
209000
2000
skoro milion beba.
03:46
But the longer-term social impact is a reduction in population growth.
76
211000
3000
Ali dugoročni društveni rezultat je smanjenje rasta populacije.
03:49
This seems counterintuitive,
77
214000
2000
Ovo zvuči nelogično,
03:51
but turns out that as infant mortality is reduced,
78
216000
3000
ali ispostavlja se da, kako opada smrtnost novorođenčadi,
03:54
population sizes also decrease,
79
219000
2000
veličina populacije se takođe smanjuje,
03:56
because parents don't need to anticipate
80
221000
2000
jer roditelji ne moraju da iščekuju
03:58
that their babies are going to die.
81
223000
2000
da će im bebe umreti.
04:00
We hope that the Embrace infant warmer
82
225000
3000
Nadam se da će Embrace grejač beba
04:03
and other simple innovations like this
83
228000
2000
i druga ovako jednostavna rešenja,
04:05
represent a new trend for the future of technology:
84
230000
4000
predstavljati novi trend u budućnosti tehnologije:
04:09
simple, localized, affordable solutions
85
234000
3000
jednostavna, lokalna, pristupačna rešenja
04:12
that have the potential to make huge social impact.
86
237000
3000
koja imaju potencijal da ostvare ogroman društveni uticaj.
04:15
In designing this we followed a few basic principles.
87
240000
3000
Prilikom dizajna pratili smo nekoliko osnovnih principa.
04:18
We really tried to understand the end user,
88
243000
2000
Zaista smo pokušali da razumemo krajnje korisnike,
04:20
in this case, people like Sevitha.
89
245000
3000
u ovom slučaju ljude kao što je Sevita.
04:23
We tried to understand the root of the problem
90
248000
2000
Pokušavamo da razumemo koren problema,
04:25
rather than being biased by what already exists.
91
250000
3000
a da na nas ne utiče ono što već postoji.
04:28
And then we thought of the most simple solution we could
92
253000
3000
I onda smo došli do najjednostavnijeg mogućeg rešenja
04:31
to address this problem.
93
256000
2000
za ovaj problem.
04:33
In doing this, I believe we can truly bring technology to the masses.
94
258000
4000
Radeći ovo, mislim da stvarno možemo približiti tehnologiju masama.
04:37
And we can save millions of lives through the simple warmth of an Embrace.
95
262000
3000
I možemo spasiti milione života, jednostavnom toplinom Zagrljaja.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Chen - Social entrepreneurTED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world.
Why you should listen
Jane Chen is the co-founder and CEO of Embrace, a social enterprise that aims to help the millions of vulnerable babies born every year in developing countries through a low-cost infant warmer. Unlike traditional incubators that cost up to $20,000, the Embrace infant warmer costs around $200. The device requires no electricity, has no moving parts, is portable and is safe and intuitive to use.
Chen received her Masters in Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Prior to her graduate studies, Jane was the Program Director of Chi Heng Foundation, a nonprofit organization that sponsors the education of children affected by AIDS in central China. She was also formerly a management consultant at Monitor Group.
In 2009, Chen was a TEDIndia Fellow.
Jane Chen | Speaker | TED.com