TEDIndia 2009
Jane Chen: A warm embrace that saves lives
Jane Chen: Hayotlarni saqlaydigan issiq mehr
Filmed:
Readability: 4
874,886 views
Rivojlanayotgan dunyoda, inkubatorlarga ega bo'lish narx va masofa tufayli cheklangan. Shu bois har yili millionlab go'daklar vafot etadi. TED ishtirokchisi Jane Chen shu kabi millionlab go'daklarni iliq haroratda saqlaydigan kashfioyotni - havfsiz, qulay, arzon va hayotni saqlovchi dizaynni ko'rsatadi.
Jane Chen - Social entrepreneur
TED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world. Full bio
TED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Please close your eyes,
0
0
3000
Iltimos, ko'zinglarni yuminglar
00:18
and open your hands.
1
3000
3000
va qo'llaringlarni ochinglar.
00:21
Now imagine what you could place in your hands:
2
6000
3000
Qo'llaringizga nimani joylay olishingizni tasavvur qiling:
00:24
an apple, maybe your wallet.
3
9000
3000
olma, balki hamyoningizdir.
00:27
Now open your eyes.
4
12000
2000
Endi esa ko'zinglarni ochinglar.
00:29
What about a life?
5
14000
2000
Hayotnichi? joylashtira olasizlarmi?
00:31
What you see here is a premature baby.
6
16000
2000
Hozir ko'rib turganingiz barvaqt tug'ilgan go'dak.
00:33
He looks like he's resting peacefully, but in fact he's struggling to stay alive
7
18000
3000
Ko'rinishidan u hotirjam yotgan tuyuladi, aslida esa u hayot uchun kurashayapti,
00:36
because he can't regulate his own body temperature.
8
21000
3000
chunki u tana haroratini boshqara olmaydi.
00:39
This baby is so tiny he doesn't have
9
24000
2000
Chaqaloq shu qadar kichkinaki,
00:41
enough fat on his body to stay warm.
10
26000
2000
tanasini iliq holda saqlashi uchun organizmida yetarli yog' yo'q.
00:43
Sadly, 20 million babies like this
11
28000
3000
Shunisi achinarliki, har yili dunyo bo'ylab
00:46
are born every year around the world.
12
31000
3000
shunga o'hshash 20 million chaqaloqlar tug'iladi.
00:49
Four million of these babies die annually.
13
34000
2000
Har yili shu chaqaloqlarning 4 millioni vafot etadi.
00:51
But the bigger problem is that the ones who do survive
14
36000
3000
Lekin bundanda kattaroq muammo shuki shu vaziyatlardan yengib o'tib yashayotgan chaqaloqlar
00:54
grow up with severe, long-term health problems.
15
39000
3000
murakkab, uzoq muddatga cho'ziladigan sog'liq muammolari bilan o'sadilar.
00:57
The reason is because in the first month of a baby's life,
16
42000
3000
Chunki chaqaloqning hayotidagi birinchi oyda
01:00
its only job is to grow.
17
45000
2000
uning yagona vazifasi o'sishdir.
01:02
If it's battling hypothermia, its organs can't develop normally,
18
47000
3000
Agar u gipotermiya bilan kurashayotgan bo'lsa, uning organlari normal holatda rivojlana olmaydi.
01:05
resulting in a range of health problems
19
50000
2000
Bu esa diabetdan yurak kasalliklarigacha,
01:07
from diabetes, to heart disease,
20
52000
2000
hattoki zaif ilmiy qobiliyat kabi
01:09
to low I.Q.
21
54000
2000
sog'liq muammolarini keltirb chiqaradi.
01:11
Imagine: Many of these problems could be prevented
22
56000
3000
Agar shu chaqaloqlar issiq holatda saqlansa,
01:14
if these babies were just kept warm.
23
59000
3000
bu muammolarning ko'pchiligining oldini olsak bo'ladi.
01:17
That is the primary function of an incubator.
24
62000
2000
Bu esa inkubatorning asosiy vazifasi.
01:19
But traditional incubators require electricity
25
64000
2000
Lekin an'anaviy inkubatorlar uchun elektr kerak
01:21
and cost up to 20 thousand dollars.
26
66000
3000
va ularning narxi 20 ming dollargacha boradi.
01:24
So, you're not going to find them in rural areas of developing countries.
27
69000
3000
Shunaqa ekan, rivojlanayotgan davlatlarning qishloq joylarida bularni topolmaysiz.
01:27
As a result, parents resort to local solutions
28
72000
3000
Natijada, ota onalar mahalliy usullarni qo'llaydilar,
01:30
like tying hot water bottles around their babies' bodies,
29
75000
3000
masalan, go'daklarining badanlariga issiq suv quyilgan shishalarni o'raydialr
01:33
or placing them under light bulbs like the ones you see here --
30
78000
3000
yoki mana bu yerda ko'rib turganingiz kabi chaqaloqlarni elektr lampalarining tagiga qo'yishdir-
01:36
methods that are both ineffective and unsafe.
31
81000
3000
bu usullar foydasiz va havflidir.
01:39
I've seen this firsthand over and over again.
32
84000
3000
Men buni birinchi marta takror-takror ko'rganman.
01:42
On one of my first trips to India, I met this young woman, Sevitha,
33
87000
3000
Hindistonga bo'lgan birinchi sayohatimda, Sevita ismli bu yosh ayolni uchratdim.
01:45
who had just given birth to a tiny premature baby, Rani.
34
90000
4000
Uning barvaqt tug'ilgan kichkina chaqalog'i, Rani, yaqindagina dunyoga kelgandi.
01:49
She took her baby to the nearest village clinic,
35
94000
3000
U chaqalog'ini yaqin atrofdagi qishloq shifoxonasiga olib bordi.
01:52
and the doctor advised her to take Rani
36
97000
2000
Shifokorlar esa Ranini inkubatorga joylashtirish uchun
01:54
to a city hospital so she could be placed in an incubator.
37
99000
4000
shahar shifoxonasiga olib borishni tavsiya qilishdi.
01:58
But that hospital was over four hours away,
38
103000
3000
Ammo, u shifoxona to'rt soatdan ham ortiqroq masofada edi.
02:01
and Sevitha didn't have the means to get there,
39
106000
3000
Sevitaning u yerga boradigan hech qanday transport vositasi yoki mablag'i yo'q edi,
02:04
so her baby died.
40
109000
2000
shu bois chaqaloq hayotdan ko'z yumdi.
02:06
Inspired by this story, and dozens of other similar stories like this,
41
111000
3000
Shu va shu kabi ko'plab voqealardan o'rnak olib,
02:09
my team and I realized what was needed was a local solution,
42
114000
3000
mening guruhim va men bu muammoga mahalliy yechim kerakligini anglab yetdik.
02:12
something that could work without electricity,
43
117000
2000
Elektrsiz ishlaydigan,
02:14
that was simple enough for a mother or a midwife to use,
44
119000
3000
ona yoki uy bekasi osongina foydalana oladigan asbob kerak,
02:17
given that the majority of births still take place in the home.
45
122000
3000
sababi hali ham, ko'pchilik go'daklar uylarida tu'gilishadi.
02:20
We needed something that was portable,
46
125000
2000
Bizga qulay hajmda bo'lgan,
02:22
something that could be sterilized and reused across multiple babies
47
127000
3000
sterillab, bir necha go'daklar uchun qayta ishlatsa bo'ladigan
02:25
and something ultra-low-cost,
48
130000
2000
va AQSHdagi 20,000 dollarlik
02:27
compared to the 20,000 dollars
49
132000
2000
inkubatorga nisbatan
02:29
that an incubator in the U.S. costs.
50
134000
3000
juda ham arzon narxdagi asbob kerak edi.
02:32
So, this is what we came up with.
51
137000
2000
Xullas, biz mana buni o'ylab topdik.
02:34
What you see here looks nothing like an incubator.
52
139000
2000
Bu yerda ko'rib turganingiz inkubatorga aslo o'xshamaydi.
02:36
It looks like a small sleeping bag for a baby.
53
141000
3000
Bu go'dakning uhlashi uchun mo'ljallangan kichkina sumkaga o'xshaydi.
02:39
You can open it up completely. It's waterproof.
54
144000
3000
Buni to'liq ochishingiz mumkin. Bu suv o'tkazmaslik hususiyatiga ega.
02:42
There's no seams inside so you can sterilize it very easily.
55
147000
3000
Ichki qismida qatlamlari yo'q, bu esa sterillash uchun oson bo'ladi.
02:45
But the magic is in this pouch of wax.
56
150000
4000
Lekin, buning siri mana bu parafinli sumkada.
02:49
This is a phase-change material.
57
154000
2000
Bu agregati o'zgaruvchi material.
02:51
It's a wax-like substance with a melting point
58
156000
2000
Bu parafinga o'xshash modda,
02:53
of human body temperature, 37 degrees Celsius.
59
158000
3000
inson tana haroratida, ya'ni 37 daraja Celsiy da, erish hususiyatiga ega.
02:56
You can melt this simply using hot water
60
161000
3000
Siz buni oddiygina issiq suv bilan eritishingiz mumkin.
02:59
and then when it melts it's able to maintain one constant temperature
61
164000
4000
Erigandan so'ng, bir paytning o'zida 4-6 soatgacha
03:03
for four to six hours at a time,
62
168000
2000
muntazam bir hil haroratni saqlab tura oladi.
03:05
after which you simply reheat the pouch.
63
170000
3000
So'ngra, parafinli sumkani qayta isitasiz.
03:08
So, you then place it into this little pocket back here,
64
173000
5000
Bu yerdagi kichkina cho'ntakka joylashtirasiz
03:15
and it creates a warm micro-environment
65
180000
2000
va u chaqaloq uchun iliq
03:17
for the baby.
66
182000
3000
mikro-muhit hosil qiladi.
03:20
Looks simple, but we've reiterated this dozens of times
67
185000
4000
Ko'rinishidan soddagina, lekin biz bir necha marta
03:24
by going into the field to talk to doctors, moms and clinicians
68
189000
3000
bu sohadagi shifokorlar va onalar bilan maslahatlashdik.
03:27
to ensure that this really meets the needs of the local communities.
69
192000
3000
Bu mahalliy xalqning ehtiyojlariga mos bo'lishi uchun hamma harakatlarni qildik.
03:30
We plan to launch this product in India in 2010,
70
195000
3000
Bu mahsulotni Hindistonda 2010 yilda ishga tushirishni rejalashtiryapmiz.
03:33
and the target price point will be 25 dollars,
71
198000
4000
Narhi 25 dollar bo'ladi,
03:37
less than 0.1 percent of the cost
72
202000
2000
ya'ni bu an'anaviy inkubator
03:39
of a traditional incubator.
73
204000
3000
narxining 0.1 foizidir.
03:42
Over the next five years we hope to save the lives
74
207000
2000
Keyingi besh yil ichida, umid qilamizki
03:44
of almost a million babies.
75
209000
2000
deyarli million chaqaloqning hayotini saqlay olamiz.
03:46
But the longer-term social impact is a reduction in population growth.
76
211000
3000
Ammo, uzoq muddatli ijtimoiy ta'sir aholi o'sishini kamaytirishni maqsad qilgan.
03:49
This seems counterintuitive,
77
214000
2000
Bu esa hissiyotga qarshi tuyuladi,
03:51
but turns out that as infant mortality is reduced,
78
216000
3000
lekin chaqaloqlarning vafot etishi kamaygan sari,
03:54
population sizes also decrease,
79
219000
2000
aholi soni ham kamayadi,
03:56
because parents don't need to anticipate
80
221000
2000
chunki ota-onalar chaqaloqlarini
03:58
that their babies are going to die.
81
223000
2000
vafot etish ehtimolligini o'ylamaydilar.
04:00
We hope that the Embrace infant warmer
82
225000
3000
Chaqaloqlarni isituvchi asbob va
04:03
and other simple innovations like this
83
228000
2000
shunga o'xshash oddiy ixtirolar
04:05
represent a new trend for the future of technology:
84
230000
4000
kelasi texnologiya uchun yangi yo'nalish namoyon qiladi, deb umid qilamiz:
04:09
simple, localized, affordable solutions
85
234000
3000
sodda, mahhaliy, arzon yechimlar
04:12
that have the potential to make huge social impact.
86
237000
3000
ulkan ijtimoiy ta'sirga ega bo'lish hususiyatiga ega.
04:15
In designing this we followed a few basic principles.
87
240000
3000
Buni tuzishda, biz asosiy qoidalarga rioya qildik.
04:18
We really tried to understand the end user,
88
243000
2000
Biz Sevita kabi foydalanuvchilarni
04:20
in this case, people like Sevitha.
89
245000
3000
tushunishga harakat qildik.
04:23
We tried to understand the root of the problem
90
248000
2000
Biz mavjud narsaga moyil bo'lmadik.
04:25
rather than being biased by what already exists.
91
250000
3000
Aksincha, muammoning asl mohiyatini tushunishga harakat qilamiz.
04:28
And then we thought of the most simple solution we could
92
253000
3000
So'ngra, bu muammoni hal qilish uchun
04:31
to address this problem.
93
256000
2000
eng sodda yechimni o'yladik.
04:33
In doing this, I believe we can truly bring technology to the masses.
94
258000
4000
Ishonamanki, shu usulda biz ko'pchilikka texnologiyani olib kela olamiz.
04:37
And we can save millions of lives through the simple warmth of an Embrace.
95
262000
3000
Oddiygina "Embrace" inkubatorining mehri bilan, millionlab hayotlarni saqlay olamiz.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Chen - Social entrepreneurTED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world.
Why you should listen
Jane Chen is the co-founder and CEO of Embrace, a social enterprise that aims to help the millions of vulnerable babies born every year in developing countries through a low-cost infant warmer. Unlike traditional incubators that cost up to $20,000, the Embrace infant warmer costs around $200. The device requires no electricity, has no moving parts, is portable and is safe and intuitive to use.
Chen received her Masters in Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Prior to her graduate studies, Jane was the Program Director of Chi Heng Foundation, a nonprofit organization that sponsors the education of children affected by AIDS in central China. She was also formerly a management consultant at Monitor Group.
In 2009, Chen was a TEDIndia Fellow.
Jane Chen | Speaker | TED.com