ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Roger Ebert - Film critic and blogger
After losing the power to speak, legendary film critic Roger Ebert went on to write about creativity, race, politics and culture -- and film, just as brilliantly as ever.

Why you should listen

By any measure, Roger Ebert was a legend. The first person to win a Pulitzer for film criticism, as film critic for the Chicago Sun-Times, he was best known for his decades-long reign as the co-host of Sneak Previews, a TV show with fellow Chicago critic Gene Siskel. For 23 years and three title changes (finally settling on Siskel and Ebert and the Movies) the two critics offered smart, short-form film criticism that guided America's moviegoing. After Gene Siskel died in 1999, Ebert kept on with critic Richard Roeper. (And he was also the co-screenwriter of the Russ Meyer cult classic Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, a fact that astounded more than a few young film students.)

In 2006, Ebert began treatment for thyroid cancer. He told the story of his many surgeries and setbacks in an immensely-worth-reading Esquire story in 2010. Enduring procedure after procedure, he eventually lost the lower part of his jaw -- and with it his ability to eat and speak. Turning to his blog and to Twitter, he found a new voice for his film work and his sparkling thoughts on ... just about everything. He tried his hand as an Amazon affiliate, became a finalist in the New Yorker caption contest, and started a controversy or two. In 2013 Ebert passed away from cancer at the age of 70.

More profile about the speaker
Roger Ebert | Speaker | TED.com
TED2011

Roger Ebert: Remaking my voice

罗杰·埃伯特:重塑我声

Filmed:
1,268,513 views

影评人罗杰·埃伯特由于癌症失去了下颚,因此失去了说话和进食的能力。但他仍然可以用他特殊的方式表达自己的观点。这个感人的视频出自TED2011,埃伯特和他的夫人查兹,以及他的朋友迪恩·奥尼什和约翰·亨特,共同讲述了埃伯特不寻常的故事。
- Film critic and blogger
After losing the power to speak, legendary film critic Roger Ebert went on to write about creativity, race, politics and culture -- and film, just as brilliantly as ever. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Roger罗杰 Ebert艾伯特: These are my words, but this is not my voice语音.
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这些是我在说话,但却不是我的声音
00:18
This is Alex亚历克斯, the best最好 computer电脑 voice语音
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这是艾力克斯,它是目前
00:20
I've been able能够 to find,
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我能找到的最好的电脑声音
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which哪一个 comes as standard标准 equipment设备 on every一切 Macintosh苹果.
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每一台苹果电脑中都有这个功能
00:25
For most of my life,
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在我一生大部分时间中
00:27
I never gave a second第二 thought to my ability能力 to speak说话.
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我从来没担心过我说话的能力
00:30
It was like breathing呼吸.
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就好象呼吸一样
00:32
In those days, I was living活的 in a fool's傻瓜的 paradise天堂.
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以前那些日子,我就像生活在一个虚幻的乐境之中
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After surgeries手术 for cancer癌症
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当癌症手术
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took away my ability能力 to speak说话, eat or drink,
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让我丧失了语言,进食的能力之后,
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I was forced被迫 to enter输入 this virtual虚拟 world世界
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我不得不被迫进入这个虚拟的世界
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in which哪一个 a computer电脑 does some of my living活的 for me.
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电脑成了我生活的一部分
00:45
For several一些 days now,
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经过一段时间之后
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we have enjoyed享受 brilliant辉煌 and articulate说出 speakers音箱 here at TEDTED.
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我们可以在TED上享用这个出色的,发音清晰的发声器了
00:50
I used to be able能够 to talk like that.
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我以前也可以像这样说话
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Maybe I wasn't as smart聪明,
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也许我以前没它那么聪明,
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but I was at least最小 as talkative贫嘴.
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但至少我还是很健谈的。
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I want to devote奉献 my talk today今天
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今天的演讲我想专注在
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to the act法案 of speaking请讲 itself本身,
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说话这个行为本身
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and how the act法案 of speaking请讲 or not speaking请讲
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以及说话或者不说话的这个行为
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is tied so indelibly不可磨灭 to one's那些 identity身分
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是如何与人们的个性持久联系在一起的
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as to force the birth分娩 of a new person
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当这些能力被夺走
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when it is taken采取 away.
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需要重新塑造一个新人的时候
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However然而, I've found发现 that listening to a computer电脑 voice语音
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然而,我也发现持续听电脑的声音
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for any great length长度 of time
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很长一段时间的话
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can be monotonous单调.
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会变得很无聊
01:14
So I've decided决定 to recruit some of my TEDTED friends朋友
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所以,我决定找来一些我在TED的朋友
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to read my words aloud高声 for me.
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来帮我读出我想要说的话
01:19
I will start开始 with my wife妻子, Chaz查兹.
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我想从我的夫人查兹开始
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Chaz查兹 Ebert艾伯特: It was Chaz查兹 who stood站在 by my side
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查兹·埃伯特: "那时查兹陪着我
01:27
through通过 three attempts尝试 to reconstruct重建 my jaw
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经历了三次修复下颚的尝试
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and restore恢复 my ability能力 to speak说话.
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以及恢复讲话能力的过程
01:34
Going into the first surgery手术
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第一次手术
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for a recurrence循环 of salivary唾液 cancer癌症
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是因为涎腺癌复发
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in 2006,
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那是2006年,
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I expected预期 to be out of the hospital醫院
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我希望可以及时出院
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in time to return返回 to my movie电影 review评论 show显示,
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从而回到我所主持的电影评论节目
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'Ebert艾伯特 and RoeperRoeper at the Movies电影.'
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'Ebert and Roper at the Movies.'中
01:48
I had pre-taped预录制 enough足够 shows节目
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我已经提前录好了足够的节目
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to get me through通过 six weeks of surgery手术
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来让我度过这6周的手术期
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and recuperation休养.
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以及恢复期。
01:55
The doctors医生 took a fibula腓骨 bone from my leg
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医生从我的腿上取出一块腓骨
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and some tissue组织 from my shoulder
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并且从我的肩部取出一部分细胞组织
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to fashion时尚 into a new jaw.
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来塑造一个新的下颚
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My tongue, larynx and vocal声音的 cords线
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我的舌头,喉以及声带
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were still healthy健康 and unaffected未受影响.
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依然良好并没有受到影响”
02:09
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:12
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:23
CECE: I was optimistic乐观,
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"我那时很乐观
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and all was right with the world世界.
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一切都向好的方面发展
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The first surgery手术 was a great success成功.
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第一次手术很成功
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I saw myself in the mirror镜子
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我看着镜子中的自己
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and I looked看着 pretty漂亮 good.
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看起来非常好
02:35
Two weeks later后来, I was ready准备 to return返回 home.
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两个星期过去了,我准备要回家了
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I was using运用 my iPodiPod的
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出院之前,我用我的iPod
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to play the Leonard伦纳德 Cohen科恩 song歌曲
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放了一首莱昂纳德·科恩的歌
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'I'm Your Man'人'
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'I'm Your Man'
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for my doctors医生 and nurses护士.
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献给我的医生和护士们
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Suddenly突然, I had an episode插曲 of catastrophic灾难性的 bleeding流血的.
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就在那时,不幸的事情发生了
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My carotid颈动脉 artery动脉 had ruptured破裂.
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我的颈动脉破裂了
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Thank God I was still in my hospital醫院 room房间
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感谢上帝,我当时还在医院的病房里
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and my doctors医生 were right there.
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并且医生们就在我身边
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Chaz查兹 told me
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查兹告诉我
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that if that song歌曲 hadn't有没有 played发挥 for so long,
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如果那首歌再短一些的话
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I might威力 have already已经 been in the car汽车, on the way home,
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我也许已经上车,在回家的路上了
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and would have died死亡 right there and then.
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可能就会有生命危险
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So thank you, Leonard伦纳德 Cohen科恩,
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所以,多谢了,莱昂纳德·科恩
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for saving保存 my life.
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多谢救了我一命”
03:16
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
03:20
There was a second第二 surgery手术 --
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“第二次手术 --
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which哪一个 held保持 up for five or six days
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大约坚持了5到6天
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and then it also fell下跌 apart距离.
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然后颈动脉又再次破裂了
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And then a third第三 attempt尝试,
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之后就是第三次尝试
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which哪一个 also patched修补 me back together一起 pretty漂亮 well,
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这次手术仍然十分成功
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until直到 it failed失败.
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直到再次破裂
03:36
A doctor医生 from Brazil巴西 said
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一位来自巴西的医生说
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he had never seen看到 anyone任何人 survive生存
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他从来没见过有哪个人
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a carotid颈动脉 artery动脉 rupture破裂.
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在颈动脉破裂的情况下还能活下来
03:44
And before I left the hospital醫院,
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在我出院之前
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after a year of being存在 hospitalized住院,
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我住了一年的院
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I had seven ruptures破裂
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这期间我经历了7次
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of my carotid颈动脉 artery动脉.
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颈动脉破裂
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There was no particular特定 day
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没有人在某一天
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when anyone任何人 told me
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来告诉我
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I would never speak说话 again;
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我将不能再说话了
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it just sort分类 of became成为 obvious明显.
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因为那根本就是很明显的事情
04:03
Human人的 speech言语
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人类的语言功能
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is an ingenious巧妙 manipulation操作 of our breath呼吸
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是我们对于气息的一种巧妙控制
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within the sound声音 chamber of our mouth
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这种功能发生在类似声学实验室的口腔
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and respiratory呼吸 system系统.
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和呼吸系统中
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We need to be able能够 to hold保持 and manipulate操作 that breath呼吸
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我们需要有控制和掌握气息的能力
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in order订购 to form形成 sounds声音.
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从而形成声音
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Therefore因此, the system系统
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因此,这个系统
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must必须 be essentially实质上 airtight密闭
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理论上说必须是密闭的
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in order订购 to capture捕获 air空气.
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从而才能获取空气
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Because I had lost丢失 my jaw,
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因为我已经失去了下颚
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I could no longer form形成 a seal密封,
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所以我已经无法达到密封的要求
04:32
and therefore因此 my tongue
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因此我的舌头
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and all of my other vocal声音的 equipment设备
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和所有其他的发声器官
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was rendered呈现 powerless无力.
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就相应的失去了作用"
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Dean院长 Ornish欧尼斯: At first for a long time,
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迪恩·奥尼什:"起初的很长一段时间
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I wrote messages消息 in notebooks笔记本电脑.
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我在本上写出我的想法
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Then I tried试着 typing打字 words on my laptop笔记本电脑
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然后我尝试着在电脑上打出我想要说的话
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and using运用 its built内置 in voice语音.
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然后利用电脑自带的发生器发生
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This was faster更快,
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这个方法更加快捷
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and nobody没有人 had to try to read my handwriting手写.
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对方也用必须读出我所写的东西
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I tried试着 out various各个 computer电脑 voices声音 that were available可得到 online线上,
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我在网上尝试了很多种现有的电脑声音
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and for several一些 months个月 I had a British英国的 accent口音,
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几个月后,我有了一个英国口音
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which哪一个 Chaz查兹 called Sir先生 Lawrence劳伦斯."
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查兹称他为劳伦斯爵士"
05:00
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
05:02
"It was the clearest最明显 I could find.
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”那是我当时能找到的最清晰的声音
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Then Apple苹果 released发布 the Alex亚历克斯 voice语音,
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然后苹果公司发布了 Alex vioce
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which哪一个 was the best最好 I'd heard听说.
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它是我听过的最棒的
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It knew知道 things like the difference区别
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它懂得很多,比如
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between之间 an exclamation感叹 point and a question mark标记.
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惊叹号和问号之间的区别
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When it saw a period, it knew知道 how to make a sentence句子
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当它看见以句号结尾的时候,它会懂得如何创造出一个
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sound声音 like it was ending结尾 instead代替 of staying up in the air空气.
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听起来像结束口吻的句子而不是那种似乎悬而未决的语气
05:18
There are all sorts排序 of htmlHTML codes代码 you can use
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它有各种各样的HTML代码供你使用
05:20
to control控制 the timing定时 and inflection拐点 of computer电脑 voices声音,
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来控制电脑声音的时间以及调整语调
05:23
and I've experimented试验 with them.
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我已经试验过了
05:25
For me, they share分享 a fundamental基本的 problem问题: they're too slow.
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对于我来说,有一个基本的问题:它们太慢了
05:28
When I find myself in a conversational对话的 situation情况,
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当我处在一种很健谈情况下的时候
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I need to type类型 fast快速 and to jump right in.
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我必须快速的打字,来准确度的表达自己
05:35
People don't have the time or the patience忍耐
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可是大家不会有时间和耐心来
05:37
to wait for me to fool傻子 around with the codes代码
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等着我鼓弄那些代码
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for every一切 word or phrase短语.
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为了每一个单词或每一个短语
05:41
But what value do we place地点 on the sound声音 of our own拥有 voice语音?
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但是什么东西被附加到了我们自己的声音中呢?
05:44
How does that affect影响 who you are as a person?
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那些附加的东西是如何把你塑造成你自己而不是一个机器的?
05:47
When people hear Alex亚历克斯 speaking请讲 my words,
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当人们听到Alex说着我想说的话的时候
05:49
do they experience经验 a disconnect断开?
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大家会不会觉得有种分离的感觉?
05:51
Does that create创建 a separation分割 or a distance距离
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这种方式是不是在人和人的交流之间
05:53
from one person to the next下一个?
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造成了一种分离感或者距离感?
05:56
How did I feel not being存在 able能够 to speak说话?
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当我不能说话的时候是一种什么感觉?
05:58
I felt, and I still feel,
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我感受过,并且现在依然可以感觉的到
06:00
a lot of distance距离 from the human人的 mainstream主流.
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那种与人类主流之间遥远的距离感
06:02
I've become成为 uncomfortable不舒服 when I'm separated分离 from my laptop笔记本电脑.
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当我离开我的电脑的时候,我会觉得非常不自在
06:06
Even then, I'm aware知道的 that most people have little patience忍耐
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尽管那样,我还是感觉到大多数的人
06:08
for my speaking请讲 difficulties困难.
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对我的语言障碍缺少耐心
06:11
So Chaz查兹 suggested建议 finding发现 a company公司 that could make a customized定制 voice语音
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因此查兹建议去找个公司
06:14
using运用 my TV电视 show显示 voice语音
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以我30年来所主持的节目为素材
06:16
from a period of 30 years年份.
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为我创造一个个性化的声音
06:18
At first I was against反对 it.
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一开始我对此持反对意见
06:20
I thought it would be creepy爬行
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因为我觉得如果我听见电脑发出我自己的声音
06:22
to hear my own拥有 voice语音 coming未来 from a computer电脑.
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这会让我感到毛骨悚然
06:24
There was something comforting欣慰的 about a voice语音 that was not my own拥有.
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如果声音不是我自己的就会觉得还好
06:27
But I decided决定 then to just give it a try.
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但是后来我还是决定试一试
06:29
So we contacted联系 a company公司 in Scotland苏格兰
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于是我就联系了一家苏格兰的公司
06:31
that created创建 personalized个性化 computer电脑 voices声音.
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他们发明了很多个性化的电脑声音
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They'd他们会 never made制作 one from previously-recorded之前录制 materials物料.
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他们制造一个新的声音从来不是根据之前的所拥有的素材
06:37
All of their voices声音 had been made制作 by a speaker扬声器
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所有他们创造的声音都对应出自一个真实的声音
06:39
recording记录 original原版的 words in a control控制 booth.
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通过控制台收录原始的词语
06:41
But they were willing愿意 to give it a try.
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但是他们愿意试试看
06:43
So I sent发送 them many许多 hours小时 of recordings录音 of my voice语音,
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于是我发给了他们很多收录了我声音的资料
06:46
including包含 several一些 audio音频 commentary评论 tracks轨道
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其中包括了一些
06:48
that I'd made制作 for movies电影 on DVDsDVD光盘.
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我为很多电影DVD做的评论音轨
06:51
And it sounded满面 like me, it really did.
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那些听起来很像我,真的确实很像
06:53
There was a reason原因 for that; it was me.
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那是有原因的; 因为那就是以前的我
06:56
But it wasn't that simple简单.
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但是事情并没那么简单
06:58
The tapes磁带 from my TV电视 show显示 weren't very useful有用
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那些录自我电视节目的带子并不是特别有用
07:01
because there were too many许多 other kinds of audio音频 involved参与 --
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因为其中掺杂了太多的别的杂音
07:04
movie电影 soundtracks配乐, for example, or Gene基因 SiskelSiskel arguing争论 with me --
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例如电影音轨,或者是吉恩·西斯科尔和我争论的声音“
07:07
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:09
and my words often经常 had a particular特定 emphasis重点
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"并且我的话经常会出现一些特有的强调语气
07:11
that didn't fit适合 into a sentence句子 well enough足够.
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这些不能够特别好的融入到一句话中
07:14
I'll let you hear a sample样品 of that voice语音.
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我来举个例子说明那种语气
07:16
These are a few少数 of the comments注释 I recorded记录 for use
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这些是我和查兹之前去参加
07:19
when Chaz查兹 and I appeared出现 on the Oprah奥普拉 Winfrey温弗瑞 program程序.
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奥普拉·维弗瑞的节目时所录制的一些评论
07:22
And here's这里的 the voice语音 we call Roger罗杰 JrJR.
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这就是被我称为小罗杰
07:24
or Roger罗杰 2.0.
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或罗杰2.0的声音”
07:27
Roger罗杰 2.0: Oprah奥普拉, I can't tell you how great it is
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罗杰2.0:奥普拉,能回来参加你的节目
07:29
to be back on your show显示.
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简直是太棒了
07:32
We have been talking for a long time,
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我们以前聊过很长时间
07:35
and now here we are again.
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现在我们又回来了
07:37
This is the first version of my computer电脑 voice语音.
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这是第一个版本的电脑声音
07:40
It still needs需求 improvement起色,
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它仍需改进
07:42
but at least最小 it sounds声音 like me
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但至少它听起来像我
07:44
and not like HALHAL 9000.
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而不是像HAL 9000
07:47
When I heard听说 it the first time,
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当我第一次听见的时候
07:49
it sent发送 chills畏寒 down my spine脊柱.
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吓了我一跳
07:52
When I type类型 anything,
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我输入什么
07:54
this voice语音 will speak说话 whatever随你 I type类型.
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它就说出相应的话
07:56
When I read something, it will read in my voice语音.
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我读什么 他也能用我的声音读什么
07:59
I have typed类型 these words in advance提前,
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我已经事先输入了这些字
08:02
as I didn't think it would be thrilling惊险
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因为我觉得看着我在这里打字
08:04
to sit here watching观看 me typing打字.
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不是什么让人兴奋的事情
08:06
The voice语音 was created创建 by a company公司 in Scotland苏格兰
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这个声音是一个苏格兰的公司开发的
08:09
named命名 CereProcCereProc.
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名字叫CereProc
08:11
It makes品牌 me feel good
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它让我觉得很不错
08:13
that many许多 of the words you are hearing听力 were first spoken
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你现在听见这些词很多都是第一次说
08:16
while I was commenting评论 on "Casablanca卡萨布兰卡"
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是我以前在评论 '卡萨布兰卡'
08:19
and "Citizen公民 Kane凯恩."
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和 '公民凯恩' 这两部电影的时候所说的
08:22
This is the first voice语音 they've他们已经 created创建 for an individual个人.
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这是他们第一次为个人专门开发声音
08:25
There are several一些 very good voices声音 available可得到 for computers电脑,
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有一些非常棒的声音都适用于电脑
08:28
but they all sound声音 like somebody else其他,
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但是它们听起来都不像我
08:31
while this voice语音 sounds声音 like me.
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除了这个声音
08:34
I plan计划 to use it on television电视, radio无线电
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我打算把这个声音用在电视,广播
08:37
and the Internet互联网.
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和网络上
08:39
People who need a voice语音 should know
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需要发声装置的人应该知道
08:42
that most computers电脑 already已经 come with built-in内建的 speaking请讲 systems系统.
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大多数的电脑都已经内置了发声系统
08:45
Many许多 blind people use them
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许多盲人用它们
08:47
to read pages网页 on the Web卷筒纸 to themselves他们自己.
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在网络上帮助他们阅读网页的内容
08:50
But I've got to say, in first grade年级,
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当时我必须要说 一开始的时候
08:52
they said I talked too much,
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他们说我说的太多了
08:54
and now I still can.
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但是现在我依然说的不少
08:56
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:59
Roger罗杰 Ebert艾伯特: As you can hear, it sounds声音 like me,
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罗杰·埃伯特: 就像你们听到的,它听起来很像我
09:02
but the words jump up and down.
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但是语速时快时慢
09:04
The flow isn't natural自然.
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语速还不是那么自然
09:06
The good people in Scotland苏格兰 are still improving提高 my voice语音,
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苏格兰的朋友们正在帮我改进
09:09
and I'm optimistic乐观 about it.
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我对此很乐观
09:11
But so far, the Apple苹果 Alex亚历克斯 voice语音
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当时目前为止,苹果公司的Alex的声音
09:13
is the best最好 one I've heard听说.
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是我听过的最好的
09:15
I wrote a blog博客 about it
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我为此写了一篇博客
09:17
and actually其实 got a comment评论 from the actor演员 who played发挥 Alex亚历克斯.
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事实上是从Alex的声音原型者那里得到了一些信息
09:20
He said he recorded记录 many许多 long hours小时 in various各个 intonations语调
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他说他花了很长时间在录制各种语调上面
09:23
to be used in the voice语音.
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从而可以被用在这个声音上
09:25
A very large sample样品 is needed需要.
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大量的样本是必须的
09:28
John约翰 Hunter猎人: All my life I was a motormouthmotormouth.
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约翰·亨特:“在我人生的大部分时间中,我都是个很健谈的人
09:31
Now I have spoken my last words,
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可是现在我已经不能再说话
09:34
and I don't even remember记得 for sure
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我甚至不能准确的记得我人生讲过的最后几句话
09:36
what they were.
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都说了些什么
09:38
I feel like the hero英雄 of that Harlan哈伦 Ellison埃利森 story故事
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我感觉就像哈兰·埃里森故事中的主人公
09:41
titled标题 "I Have No Mouth and I Must必须 Scream呐喊."
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‘我没有嘴,却又渴望呐喊’
09:45
On Wednesday星期三, David大卫 Christian基督教 explained解释 to us
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周三的时候,大卫·克里斯蒂安向我们解释了
09:48
what a tiny instant瞬间 the human人的 race种族 represents代表
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人类历史的在整个宇宙的历史长河中
09:51
in the time-span时间跨度 of the universe宇宙.
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是多么的渺小
09:53
For almost几乎 all of its millions百万 and billions数十亿 of years年份,
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在宇宙数百万,数十亿年历史的大部分时间中
09:56
there was no life on Earth地球 at all.
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地球上根本就没有生命
09:59
For almost几乎 all the years年份 of life on Earth地球,
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在地球上有生命出现的历史上
10:02
there was no intelligent智能 life.
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大部分是时间是不存在高等生物的
10:04
Only after we learned学到了 to pass通过 knowledge知识
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只是当我们学会一代代去
10:06
from one generation to the next下一个,
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传承文化之后
10:08
did civilization文明 become成为 possible可能.
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人类文明的形成才变得可能
10:10
In cosmological宇宙 terms条款,
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用宇宙学的说法
10:12
that was about 10 minutes分钟 ago.
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那是大约10分钟之前
10:15
Finally最后 came来了 mankind's人类的 most advanced高级 and mysterious神秘 tool工具,
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最终人类最先进最神秘的工具到来了
10:19
the computer电脑.
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它就是电脑
10:21
That has mostly大多 happened发生 in my lifetime一生.
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这些大部分都在我的一生中发生过
10:24
Some of the famous著名 early computers电脑
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一些早期很有名的电脑
10:26
were being存在 built内置 in my hometown家乡 of Urbana厄巴纳,
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在我的家乡,也就是HAL 9000的诞生地厄巴纳
10:29
the birthplace出生地 of HALHAL 9000.
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被开发出来
10:32
When I heard听说 the amazing惊人 talk
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当我周三听到萨尔曼·汗做的
10:34
by Salman萨尔曼 Khan on Wednesday星期三,
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这个不可思议的演讲时
10:36
about the Khan Academy学院 website网站
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其中提到关于 Khan 学术网站
10:38
that teaches hundreds数以百计 of subjects主题 to students学生们 all over the world世界,
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这个网站为全球的学生提供了很多科目的课程的时候
10:41
I had a flashback倒叙.
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我想到了一些往事
10:43
It was about 1960.
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那是在1960年的时候
10:46
As a local本地 newspaper报纸 reporter记者 still in high school学校,
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那时的我还是一名高中生,兼职一个当地报社的记者
10:49
I was sent发送 over to the computer电脑 lab实验室 of the University大学 of Illinois伊利诺伊
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我被派去到伊利诺伊大学计算机实验室
10:52
to interview访问 the creators创作者
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去采访
10:54
of something called PLATOPLATO.
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名为PLATO电脑的发明者
10:56
The initials声母 stood站在 for Programmed程序 Logic逻辑
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PLATO是自动指导操作程序设计逻辑
10:58
for Automated自动化 Teaching教学 Operations操作.
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的简称
11:02
This was a computer-assisted计算机辅助 instruction指令 system系统,
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这是一个计算机辅助教学系统
11:05
which哪一个 in those days ran on a computer电脑 named命名 ILLIACILLIAC.
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用在当时名为ILLIAC的计算机上
11:08
The programmers程序员 said it could assist助攻 students学生们 in their learning学习.
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程序员说,这个系统可以帮助学生学习
11:12
I doubt怀疑, on that day 50 years年份 ago,
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我怀疑 50年前的那个时候
11:15
they even dreamed梦见 of what Salman萨尔曼 Khan has accomplished完成.
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他们甚至已经梦想过现在萨尔曼·汗已经完成的工作
11:19
But that's not the point.
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但那不是重点
11:21
The point is PLATOPLATO was only 50 years年份 ago,
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重点是PLATO仅仅是50年前的事情
11:24
an instant瞬间 in time.
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是很短的一段时间
11:26
It continued继续 to evolve发展 and operated操作 in one form形成 or another另一个
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他以各种形式不断改进,运转着
11:29
on more and more sophisticated复杂的 computers电脑,
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在越来越多的高端电脑上
11:32
until直到 only five years年份 ago.
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直到5年之前才停止
11:34
I have learned学到了 from Wikipedia维基百科
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我从维基百科了解到
11:36
that, starting开始 with that humble谦卑 beginning开始,
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开始的时候很简陋
11:39
PLATOPLATO established既定 forums论坛, message信息 boards,
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PLATO开发了论坛,留言板
11:42
online线上 testing测试,
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在线测试
11:44
email电子邮件, chat rooms客房,
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电邮,聊天室
11:46
picture图片 languages语言, instant瞬间 messaging消息,
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图像语言,即时通信
11:49
remote远程 screen屏幕 sharing分享
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远距离屏幕共享
11:51
and multiple-player多玩家 games游戏.
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和多人游戏
11:54
Since以来 the first Web卷筒纸 browser浏览器 was also developed发达 in Urbana厄巴纳,
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第一个网络浏览器同样在Urbana研发
11:57
it appears出现 that my hometown家乡
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它出现在
11:59
in downstate唐斯泰特 Illinois伊利诺伊
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我伊利诺伊的家乡
12:01
was the birthplace出生地
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那里是
12:03
of much of the virtual虚拟, online线上 universe宇宙 we occupy占据 today今天.
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我们现在用很多虚拟网络的发源地
12:06
But I'm not here from the Chamber商会 of Commerce商业.
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当然我可不是他们商会派来这里的
12:08
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
12:10
I'm here as a man who wants to communicate通信.
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我作为一个渴望交流沟通的人来到这里
12:13
All of this has happened发生 in my lifetime一生.
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所有的这一切变革我都经历过
12:16
I started开始 writing写作 on a computer电脑 back in the 1970s
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我开始用电脑写作要追溯的1970年
12:19
when one of the first Atech埃泰克 systems系统 was installed安装
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当第一个Atech系统安装在
12:22
at the Chicago芝加哥 Sun-Times太阳时报.
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芝加哥太阳时报的时候
12:25
I was in line线 at Radio无线电 Shack窝棚
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我正在Radio Shack
12:27
to buy购买 one of the first Model模型 100's.
285
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买最早的100's型号
12:30
And when I told the people in the press room房间 at the Academy学院 Awards奖项
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当我告诉在奥斯卡的记者室告诉其他人
12:33
that they'd他们会 better install安装 some phone电话 lines线 for Internet互联网 connections连接,
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他们最好用电话线去安装一个互联网的时候
12:36
they didn't know what I was talking about.
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他们根本不知道我在说什么
12:39
When I bought my first desktop桌面,
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那时我买了自己的第一个台式电脑
12:41
it was a DECDEC Rainbow彩虹.
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那是DEC公司的Rainbow
12:43
Does anybody任何人 remember记得 that?"
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还有谁记得吗?
12:45
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
12:48
"The Sun太阳 Times sent发送 me to the Cannes戛纳电影节 Film电影 Festival
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”太阳时报派我去报道嘎纳电影节
12:50
with a portable手提 computer电脑 the size尺寸 of a suitcase手提箱
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我带着一个手提箱大小的便携式电脑
12:54
named命名 the PorteramPorteram TelebubbleTelebubble.
295
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它叫做 Porteram Telebubble
12:56
I joined加盟 CompuServeCompuServe公司
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我加入了Compuserve 公司
12:58
when it had fewer numbers数字
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那时它的会员人数
13:00
than I currently目前 have followers追随者 on Twitter推特.
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还不如我现在Twitter上的粉丝多“
13:02
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
13:06
CECE: All of this has happened发生
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CE:"所发生的这一切
13:08
in the blink of an eye.
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都是在转眼之间
13:10
It is unimaginable不可思议
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真是很难想象
13:12
what will happen发生 next下一个.
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以后还会发生什么
13:14
It makes品牌 me incredibly令人难以置信 fortunate幸运
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能生活在历史长河中的现在这个时代
13:17
to live生活 at this moment时刻 in history历史.
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让我觉得十分幸运
13:19
Indeed确实, I am lucky幸运 to live生活 in history历史 at all,
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的确,能生活在这样的历史之中真的非常幸运
13:22
because without intelligence情报 and memory记忆
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因为如果没有智慧和传承
13:25
there is no history历史.
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就没有历史
13:27
For billions数十亿 of years年份,
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在数十亿年的时间里
13:29
the universe宇宙 evolved进化
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宇宙在不知不觉中
13:31
completely全然 without notice注意.
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不断进化演变
13:33
Now we live生活 in the age年龄 of the Internet互联网,
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现在我们生活在互联网的时代
13:36
which哪一个 seems似乎 to be creating创建 a form形成 of global全球 consciousness意识.
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它创造了一个全球化意识形态
13:39
And because of it,
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正因如此
13:41
I can communicate通信
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我才能还像从前一样
13:43
as well as I ever could.
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和大家交流
13:45
We are born天生 into a box
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我们每个人都像在一个
13:47
of time and space空间.
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时间和空间的容器中
13:50
We use words and communication通讯
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我们运用语言和交流
13:52
to break打破 out of it
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去打破它的禁锢
13:54
and to reach达到 out to others其他.
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并且去接触到其他的个体
13:57
For me, the Internet互联网 began开始
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对我来说,网络开始的时候
13:59
as a useful有用 tool工具
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就像一个有用的工具
14:01
and now has become成为 something I rely依靠 on
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现在它已经变成一个我需要依赖的
14:04
for my actual实际 daily日常 existence存在.
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真实的一种生活方式
14:07
I cannot不能 speak说话;
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我无法说话
14:09
I can only type类型 so fast快速.
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我只能快速的打字
14:12
Computer电脑 voices声音
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电脑的声音
14:14
are sometimes有时 not very sophisticated复杂的,
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有时并不是那么精密
14:17
but with my computer电脑,
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但是在电脑的帮助下
14:19
I can communicate通信 more widely广泛
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我可以更广泛的交流
14:21
than ever before.
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这是从前任何时候所没有的
14:23
I feel as if my blog博客,
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我感觉它就像我的博客
14:26
my email电子邮件, Twitter推特 and FacebookFacebook的
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我的电邮,Twitter和Facebook
14:29
have given特定 me a substitute替代
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已经取代了
14:31
for everyday每天 conversation会话.
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我的一些日常交流方式
14:34
They aren't an improvement起色,
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它们并不是一种进步
14:36
but they're the best最好 I can do.
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但是他们是我所能做到的最好
14:38
They give me a way to speak说话.
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他们重新赋予了我说话的能力
14:41
Not everybody每个人 has the patience忍耐
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在现实世界中,不是所有的人
14:44
of my wife妻子, Chaz查兹.
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都像我夫人查兹那样有耐心
14:48
But online线上,
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但是 在网络世界中
14:49
everybody每个人 speaks说话 at the same相同 speed速度.
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每个人都用同样的速度交谈
14:54
This whole整个 adventure冒险
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这一整个艰难的过程
14:56
has been a learning学习 experience经验.
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已经变成了一段学习的经历
14:58
Every一切 time there was a surgery手术 that failed失败,
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每经历一次手术然后失败
15:01
I was left with a little less flesh and bone.
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我的身体就会承受一次痛苦
15:04
Now I have no jaw left at all.
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直到现在,我已经失去了我的整个下颚
15:07
While harvesting收获 tissue组织 from both my shoulders肩膀,
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和肩部的一些细胞组织
15:10
the surgeries手术 left me with back pain疼痛
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手术给我留下了背痛的后遗症
15:12
and reduced减少 my ability能力 to walk步行 easily容易.
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并且也让我失去了自如行走的能力
15:16
Ironic讽刺 that my legs are fine,
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虽然我的双腿依然是完好的
15:18
and it's my shoulders肩膀 that slow up my walk步行.
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我的肩部导致了我走路的缓慢
15:21
When you see me today今天,
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大家今天看到的我
15:23
I look like the Phantom幻影 of the Opera歌剧.
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就像电影歌剧魅影中的主人公“
15:25
But no you don't.
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不!你不是的!
15:27
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
15:29
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
15:39
It is human人的 nature性质 to look at someone有人 like me
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当人们看到像我这样的人的时候
15:42
and assume承担 I have lost丢失 some of my marbles弹子.
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都会觉得我肯定头脑不正常,这是人之常情
15:46
People --
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人们--“
15:57
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
16:03
People talk loudly高声 --
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”人们大声说--“
16:05
I'm so sorry.
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对不起
16:07
Excuse借口 me.
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不好意思
16:09
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
16:13
People talk loudly高声 and slowly慢慢地 to me.
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”人们大声并且慢慢的对我说话
16:17
Sometimes有时 they assume承担 I am deaf.
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有些时候他们觉得我是个聋子
16:20
There are people who don't want to make eye contact联系.
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还有些人不想与我进行目光的交流“
16:24
Believe me, he didn't mean this as --
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相信我,这不是他的本意
16:26
anyway无论如何, let me just read it.
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好吧,不管怎样,我继续读下去
16:28
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
16:33
You should never let your wife妻子 read something like this.
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你真不应该让你的夫人读这个
16:36
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
16:40
It is human人的 nature性质
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因为疾病而被疏远
16:42
to look away from illness疾病.
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这是人之常情的事情
16:45
We don't enjoy请享用 a reminder提醒
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我们会很伤感于
16:47
of our own拥有 fragile脆弱 mortality死亡.
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生命的脆弱
16:50
That's why writing写作 on the Internet互联网
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这就是为什么在网络上写作
16:52
has become成为 a lifesaver救星 for me.
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就像给予了我第二次生命
16:54
My ability能力 to think and write
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因为我的写作和思考的能力
16:57
have not been affected受影响.
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并没有收到影响
16:59
And on the Web卷筒纸, my real真实 voice语音 finds认定 expression表达.
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所以在网络上,我真实的声音可以得以表达
17:02
I have also met会见 many许多 other disabled people
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我也见过许多
17:05
who communicate通信 this way.
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像我这样进行交流的残疾人
17:08
One of my Twitter推特 friends朋友
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我在Twitter上的一位朋友
17:10
can type类型 only with his toes脚趾.
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只能用脚趾打字
17:12
One of the funniest最有趣 blogs博客 on the Web卷筒纸
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网络上一个非常有趣的博客
17:14
is written书面 by a friend朋友 of mine
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是出自我的一位朋友
17:16
named命名 Smartass聪明的驴子 Cripple削弱.
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他叫Smartass Cripple”
17:18
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
17:20
Google谷歌 him and he will make you laugh.
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”Google一下,你会觉得非常有趣
17:23
All of these people are saying, in one way or another另一个,
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所有的这些朋友,都在用这样或者那样的方式进行交流
17:25
that what you see
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你所得到的要远远多于
17:27
is not all you get.
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你所看到的
17:29
So I have not come here to complain抱怨.
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因此我来这里并没有抱怨
17:32
I have much to make me happy快乐 and relieved安心.
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我尽力让自己感到愉快和宽慰
17:35
I seem似乎, for the time being存在,
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我看起来,至少现在看起来
17:37
to be cancer-free癌症免费.
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还没有患上癌症
17:39
I am writing写作 as well as ever.
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我还能像以前那样写作
17:41
I am productive生产的.
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我是个多产的作家
17:43
If I were in this condition条件 at any point
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如果我一直保持在像
17:46
before a few少数 cosmological宇宙 instants瞬间 ago,
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以前那样的状态
17:49
I would be as isolated孤立 as a hermit隐士.
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我将会向隐士那样孤僻自己
17:52
I would be trapped被困 inside my head.
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我将会把自己束缚在自己的世界里
17:54
Because of the rush of human人的 knowledge知识,
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但是因为有了人类文明的飞速发展
17:57
because of the digital数字 revolution革命,
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因为有了数字化革命
17:59
I have a voice语音,
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我现在又拥有了声音
18:01
and I do not need to scream惊叫.
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我也不必叫喊了
18:05
RE回覆: Wait. I have one more thing to add.
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RE:等一下 我还有件事要说
18:10
A guy goes into a psychiatrist心理医生.
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有个人去看精神病医生
18:12
The psychiatrist心理医生 says, "You're crazy."
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医生说:”你简直疯了“
18:15
The guy says, "I want a second第二 opinion意见."
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那个家伙说,”我还想听听你的第二个想法“
18:18
The psychiatrist心理医生 says, "All right, you're ugly丑陋."
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医生又说:”好吧,你只是很难看而已“
18:22
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
18:25
You all know the test测试 for artificial人造 intelligence情报 -- the Turing图灵 test测试.
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大家都知道人工智能测验--图灵测试
18:29
A human人的 judge法官 has a conversation会话
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一个人类的测试员
18:31
with a human人的 and a computer电脑.
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与一位人类被测试者和一个自认为有人工智能的电脑进行非面对面的交流
18:33
If the judge法官 can't tell the machine apart距离 from the human人的,
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如果测试员不能分辨出谁是人类谁是电脑
18:36
the machine has passed通过 the test测试.
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那么这台电脑就通过了测试
18:39
I now propose提出 a test测试 for computer电脑 voices声音 -- the Ebert艾伯特 test测试.
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我现在打算为电脑声音做个测试--我称它为埃伯特测试
18:43
If a computer电脑 voice语音 can successfully顺利 tell a joke玩笑
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假设用电脑的声音可以成功的讲一个笑话
18:46
and do the timing定时 and delivery交货 as well as Henny亨尼 Youngman年轻人,
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并且笑点和语气拿捏的和汉尼·杨曼一样好的话
18:49
then that's the voice语音 I want.
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那么,那就是我想要的声音
18:51
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Jiwei Qu
Reviewed by Felix Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Roger Ebert - Film critic and blogger
After losing the power to speak, legendary film critic Roger Ebert went on to write about creativity, race, politics and culture -- and film, just as brilliantly as ever.

Why you should listen

By any measure, Roger Ebert was a legend. The first person to win a Pulitzer for film criticism, as film critic for the Chicago Sun-Times, he was best known for his decades-long reign as the co-host of Sneak Previews, a TV show with fellow Chicago critic Gene Siskel. For 23 years and three title changes (finally settling on Siskel and Ebert and the Movies) the two critics offered smart, short-form film criticism that guided America's moviegoing. After Gene Siskel died in 1999, Ebert kept on with critic Richard Roeper. (And he was also the co-screenwriter of the Russ Meyer cult classic Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, a fact that astounded more than a few young film students.)

In 2006, Ebert began treatment for thyroid cancer. He told the story of his many surgeries and setbacks in an immensely-worth-reading Esquire story in 2010. Enduring procedure after procedure, he eventually lost the lower part of his jaw -- and with it his ability to eat and speak. Turning to his blog and to Twitter, he found a new voice for his film work and his sparkling thoughts on ... just about everything. He tried his hand as an Amazon affiliate, became a finalist in the New Yorker caption contest, and started a controversy or two. In 2013 Ebert passed away from cancer at the age of 70.

More profile about the speaker
Roger Ebert | Speaker | TED.com