TEDxSanMigueldeAllende
Emiliano Salinas: A civil response to violence
艾米拉诺•萨利纳斯：文明地对暴力说不
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这场来自TED-圣米格尔护城站的精彩演讲在墨西哥引起了轰动。墨西哥前总统卡洛斯•萨利纳斯•德戈塔之子艾米拉诺•萨利纳斯批评了日前弥漫在墨西哥的暴力气氛，或者说，他批评的是墨西哥社会对此做出的回应。他号召墨西哥人民不要逃避，不要害怕，要勇敢地采取团结起来，以和平的方式面对现状。该演讲是TED有史以来第一次非英语演讲。演讲附带英文字幕。
Emiliano Salinas - Community activist
Emiliano Salinas, the son of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari, is helping communities throughout Mexico organize and peacefully respond to escalating violence. Full bio
Emiliano Salinas, the son of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari, is helping communities throughout Mexico organize and peacefully respond to escalating violence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
My name is Emiliano Salinas
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我名叫艾米拉诺•萨利纳斯
00:18
and I'm going to talk about the role
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我想要谈谈
00:22
we members of society play
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当这个国家四处弥漫着暴力气氛时
00:24
in the violent atmosphere
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我们身为社会成员在此时
00:25
this country is living in right now.
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所应扮演的角色
00:29
I was born in 1976.
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我出生于1976年
00:32
I grew up in a traditional Mexican family.
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生在一个传统的墨西哥家庭
00:35
As a child, I had a pretty normal life:
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我童年的生活十分普通：
00:37
I would go to school, play with my friends and cousins.
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我去上学，和朋友、表亲玩耍
00:41
But then my father became President of Mexico
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但后来我父亲成为了墨西哥总统
00:43
and my life changed.
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我的生活就此改变了
00:47
What I'm about to say,
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我所要讲的内容
00:49
at least some of what I'm about to say,
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至少部分的内容
00:51
will cause controversy.
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可能会引起极大的争议
00:53
Firstly, because I'm the one who's going to say it.
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这首先是因为我是那个要讲话的人
00:56
And secondly, because what I'm going to say is true,
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其次是因为我所说的都是事实
00:59
and it will make a lot of people nervous
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而事实总会使许多人胆战心惊
01:01
because it's something we don't want to hear.
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因为总有一些事实是人们不想听到的
01:03
But it's imperative that we listen
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但是紧迫的是我们必须面对事实
01:05
because it's undeniable and definitive.
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因为事实不可磨灭
01:08
It will also make members of
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这些事实同样会
01:09
criminal organizations nervous
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令犯罪组织的成员感到紧张
01:11
for the same reasons.
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也是基于相同的原因
01:13
I'm going to talk about the role
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我将谈谈
01:16
we members of society play
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身为社会成员的我们在这些现象中
01:18
in this phenomenon,
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扮演何种角色，
01:20
and about four different response levels
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在面对暴力时
01:21
we citizens have against violence.
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我们的反应分为四个层次
01:26
I know many will find it difficult to separate the fact
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我知道，大家很难把我这个
01:28
that I'm Carlos Salinas de Gortari's son
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前总统卡洛斯•萨利纳斯•德戈塔的儿子
01:30
from the fact that I'm a citizen
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与关心时事的公民
01:32
concerned about the country's current situation.
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相提并论
01:33
Don't worry.
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没关系
01:35
It's not necessary for understanding
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这与我所要谈到的内容
01:37
the importance of what I'm going to say.
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毫无关系
01:40
I think we have a problem in Mexico.
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我认为，墨西哥正面临一个问题
01:42
We have a big problem.
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一个大问题
01:43
I think there's consensus on this.
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这是一个不争的事实
01:45
No one argues --
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没有人会反驳--
01:46
we all agree there's a problem.
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我们都认为这里存在问题
01:47
What we don't agree on
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我们有分歧的地方是
01:49
is what the problem actually is.
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问题究竟出在哪里
01:52
Is it the Zetas? The drug traffickers? The government?
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是泽塔斯集团？贩毒组织?还是政府？
01:57
Corruption? Poverty? Or is it something else?
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是腐败?贫困?还是其它方面？
02:01
I think none of these is the problem.
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我认为这些都不是问题所在
02:03
I don't mean they don't deserve attention.
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我不是说这些问题不值得关注
02:06
But we won't be able to take care of any of those things
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然而，如不首先解决墨西哥面临的真正问题
02:08
if we don't solve the real problem
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我们就无法
02:10
we have in Mexico first.
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解决以上任何问题
02:12
The real problem we have is
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我们的问题首先在于
02:13
most of us Mexicans, we believe we are victims
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大多数墨西哥人认为我们自己
02:16
of our circumstances.
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是社会现状的受害者
02:18
We are a country of victims.
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我们是一个满是受害者的国家
02:20
Historically, we've always acted as victims
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在历史上，我们经常充当受害者的角色
02:23
of something or somebody.
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受到某些事或某些人的残害
02:25
We were victims of the Spaniards.
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我们曾受西班牙人的侵略
02:27
Then we were victims of the French.
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曾受法国人侵略
02:29
Then we were victims of Don Porfirio.
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曾是Don Porfirio的受害者
02:32
Then we were victims of the PRI.
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曾是革命制度党（PRI）的受害者
02:34
Even of Salinas.
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还曾是萨利纳斯的受害者
02:36
And of El Peje.
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和El Peje的受害者
02:38
And now of the Zetas and the traffickers and the criminals and the kidnappers ...
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而现在是泽塔集团，贩毒组织，犯罪团体，绑架者的受害者
02:41
Hold on! Wait a minute!
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停下来！等一下！
02:43
What if none of these things is the problem?
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要是这些都不是问题所在呢？
02:47
The problem is not the things we feel victims of.
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那些我们认为让自己沦为受害者的事情都不是问题所在
02:50
The problem is that we play the role of victims.
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问题在于我们总在扮演受害者
02:54
We need to open our eyes and see that we are not victims.
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我们必须睁开眼睛，看到我们并不是受害者
02:58
If only we stopped feeling like victims,
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只有当我们不再以为自己是受害者
03:00
if we stopped acting as victims,
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只有当我们不再扮演受害者
03:01
our country would change so much!
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我们的国家就能得到彻头彻尾的改变！
03:05
I'm going to talk about how to go from a society
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我所要讲的便是一个社会
03:08
that acts as a victim of circumstances
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如何从各种现象的受害者
03:10
to a responsible, involved society
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转变为一个富有责任感，民众参与度高的社会
03:13
that takes the future of its country in its own hands.
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这样的社会才能够实实在在地把握国家的未来
03:16
I'm going to talk about four different levels
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我将从四个层面谈一谈人们对暴力的反应
03:19
of civil response against violence,
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程度由弱到强
03:21
from weakest
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第一层反应
03:23
to strongest.
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也就是人们对暴力的程度
03:25
The first level, the weakest level of civil response against violence,
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最弱的反应
03:28
is denial and apathy.
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就是闭口不提，无动于衷
03:31
Today, much of Mexican society is in denial
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在今天的墨西哥社会，大多数人
03:33
of the situation we're going through.
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都在回避现实
03:36
We want to go on with our daily life
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尽管生活陷入了非常的处境
03:39
even though we are not living under normal circumstances.
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但是大家都想正常地过日子
03:41
Daily life in our country is,
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我们国家的生活，往好里说，
03:44
to say the least,
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面临着最极端、
03:47
under extraordinary, exceptional circumstances.
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翻天覆地的现状
03:49
It's like someone who has a serious illness
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这就像是一个人得了重病
03:53
and pretends it's the flu
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却假装自己得的是感冒
03:55
and it will just go away.
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过一会儿就好了
03:57
We want to pretend that Mexico has the flu.
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我们假装墨西哥患的是感冒
04:00
But it doesn't.
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但事实并非如此
04:02
Mexico has cancer.
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墨西哥患的是癌症
04:04
And if we don't do something about it,
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如果我们不采取行动医治
04:07
the cancer will end up killing it.
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国家便会病入膏肓
04:10
We need to move Mexican society
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我们必须将墨西哥社会
04:12
from denial and apathy
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对现状的无动于衷
04:14
to the next level of citizen response,
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转变为国民对现状的第二层反应
04:17
which is, effectively, recognition.
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即，有效地认清现状
04:20
And that recognition will sow fear --
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认清事实会产生恐惧
04:24
recognizing the seriousness of the situation.
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认清事实的严重性
04:27
But, fear is better than apathy
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然而恐惧总比无动于衷强
04:30
because fear makes us do something.
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恐惧让我们不得不采取行动
04:34
Many people in Mexico
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现在，墨西哥有许多人
04:37
are afraid today.
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都感到恐惧
04:39
We're very afraid.
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我们都非常害怕
04:40
And we're acting out of that fear.
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我们在恐惧中作出行动
04:43
And let me tell you what the problem is
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我想谈谈在恐惧中行动
04:44
with acting out of fear --
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会产生什么问题--
04:46
and this is the second level of civil response:
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这就是民众对现状反应的第二个层次：
04:48
fear.
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恐惧
04:50
Let's think about Mexican streets:
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在恐惧中行动的问题在于
04:52
they're unsafe because of violence,
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想象一下，墨西哥的街道因为暴力而变得不安全
04:56
so people stay at home.
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于是人们就躲在家里
04:58
Does that make streets more or less safe?
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这样能让街道变得更安全还是更危险？
05:03
Less safe!
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当然更危险！
05:04
So streets become more desolate and unsafe,
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这样街道就会变得更荒凉，更危险
05:05
so we stay home more --
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结果我们就更不愿出门--
05:07
which makes streets even more desolate and unsafe,
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使街道进一步变得更加荒凉，更加危险
05:09
and we stay home even more.
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于是我们更不敢出门了
05:11
This vicious circle ends up with the whole population
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全体国民都陷入了这个恶性循环
05:13
stuck inside their houses, scared to death --
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不敢出门，贪生怕死
05:15
even more afraid than when we were out on the streets.
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在家里比在大街上还要担惊受怕
05:18
We need to confront this fear.
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我们必须战胜恐惧
05:20
We need to move Mexican society,
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我们必须把墨西哥社会
05:23
the members of society who are at this level,
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全体社会成员推向第三个层面
05:25
to the next level, which is action.
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即，采取实际行动
05:28
We need to face our fears and take back our streets,
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我们必须战胜自己的恐惧，收回失去了的街道
05:32
our cities, our neighborhoods.
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城市与街区
05:34
For many people, acting involves courage.
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对于许多人而言，行动中总伴随着愤怒
05:41
We go from fear to courage.
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我们的恐惧变成了愤怒
05:43
They say, "I can't take it anymore.
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他们说：“我忍无可忍了。
05:45
Let's do something about it."
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我们要马上采取行动。"
05:48
Recently --
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最近--
05:50
this is a sensitive figure --
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有组很敏感的数据--
05:53
35 public lynchings have been recorded
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据记录，2010年以来
05:57
so far in 2010
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墨西哥发生了
05:58
in Mexico.
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35起当众使用私刑的案件
06:02
Usually it's one or two a year.
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而通常情况下，这种案件每年仅有一两起
06:06
Now we're experiencing one every week.
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现在，几乎每周都会发生一起
06:08
This shows that society is desperate
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这说明这个社会已经陷入绝望
06:11
and it's taking the law into its own hands.
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人们自己成为了执法者
06:15
Unfortunately, violent action --
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可惜，尽管采取行动
06:17
though action is better than no action --
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胜过无动于衷
06:20
but taking part in it
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但是以暴制暴的行动
06:23
only disguises violence.
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只不过是让暴力看上去冠冕堂皇而已
06:26
If I'm violent with you
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如果我对你施暴
06:28
and you respond with violence,
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你以暴力回击
06:30
you become part of the violence
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你也成为了施暴的一份子
06:32
and you just disguise my violence.
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你不过是让我的暴力看起来更合理了
06:36
So civil action
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民众采取行动
06:39
is vital,
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固然重要
06:40
but it's also vital to take people
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当我们仍然有必要
06:42
who are at the level of courage
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让所有处于恐惧
06:45
and violent action
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与愤怒的民众
06:46
to the next level,
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走向下一个层面
06:48
which is non-violent action.
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即，非暴力行动
06:50
It's pacific, coordinated civil action,
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这样的行动是和平的，相互合作的
06:53
which doesn't mean passive action.
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但决不是被动的
06:55
It means it's determined and effective,
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它是坚决的，有效的
06:58
but not violent.
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非暴力的
07:00
There are examples of this kind of action in Mexico.
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在墨西哥，这样的例子出现过
07:03
Two years ago, in Galena City, Chihuahua,
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两年前，在奇瓦瓦州的加莱阿纳市
07:08
a member of the community was kidnapped,
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当地的一位居民被绑架了
07:09
Eric Le Barón.
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他叫艾里克（ Eric Le Barón）
07:11
His brothers, Benjamín and Julián,
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他的兄弟本杰明和朱利安
07:13
got together with the rest of the community
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集结了当地所有居民
07:15
to think of the best course of action:
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共同商讨最佳解决措施：
07:17
to pay the ransom,
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交赎金
07:19
to take up arms and go after the kidnappers
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抄上家伙找绑匪算账
07:24
or to ask the government for help.
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还是找政府帮忙
07:26
In the end, Benjamín and Julián decided
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最后，本杰明和朱利安决定
07:28
the best thing they could do
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采取最好的办法
07:30
was to organize the community and act together.
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就是组织社区中的所有人共同行动
07:33
So what did they do?
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他们做了什么？
07:35
They mobilized the whole community of Le Barón
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他们动员了Le Barón社区中所有人
07:37
to go to Chihuahua,
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让这些人
07:40
where they organized a sit-in
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集体去到奇瓦瓦市
07:42
in the central park of the city.
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他们就在市中央公园组织了一场大规模静坐
07:45
They sent a message to the kidnappers:
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他们给绑匪发了一条信息：
07:47
"If you want your ransom come and get it.
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“如果你们要赎金，就来拿吧；
07:50
We'll be waiting for you right here."
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我们就在这里等着。”
07:52
They stayed there.
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他们一直等在那里
07:54
Seven days later, Eric was set free
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七天之后，艾里克被释放了
07:57
and was able to return home.
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他回到了家
07:59
This is an example of what an organized society can do,
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这个例子证明了一个有组织的社会所拥有的力量
08:02
a society that acts.
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一个该出手时就出手的社会
08:05
Of course, criminals can respond.
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当然，犯罪分子也会做出回应
08:07
And in this case, they did.
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这次，他们也做出了回应
08:09
On July 7th, 2009,
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2009年7月
08:12
Benjamín Le Barón was murdered.
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本杰明（Benjamín Le Barón ）被谋杀了
08:15
But Julián Le Barón keeps working
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但朱利安（Julián Le Barón ）没有放弃
08:18
and he has been mobilizing communities in Chihuahua
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一整年，他都在动员各社区
08:20
for over a year.
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在奇瓦瓦市进行各种运动
08:22
And for over a year he has known that a price has been put on his head.
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这一整年里，有人悬赏要他的项上人头
08:25
But he keeps fighting.
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而他的斗争没有停息
08:27
He keeps organizing.
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继续组织运动
08:28
He keeps mobilizing.
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继续做动员
08:30
These heroic acts are present all over the country.
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这个国家里到处都不乏英雄事迹
08:33
With a thousand Juliáns working together,
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如果千千万万的朱利安团结在一起
08:35
Mexico would be a very different country.
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墨西哥今天会是个完全不同的国家
08:37
And they're out there!
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而这些英雄就在那里！
08:39
They just have to raise their hands.
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他们只是需要把手举起来
08:43
I was born in Mexico, I grew up in Mexico
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我生在墨西哥，长在墨西哥
08:49
and along the way, I learned to love Mexico.
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在成长过程中，我学会了热爱墨西哥
08:54
I think anyone who has stepped foot on this land --
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我相信任何一个踏足这片土地的人
08:58
not to mention all Mexican people --
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--不仅是所有墨西哥人--
09:00
will agree that it's not difficult
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都会情不自禁地爱上这个国家
09:02
to love Mexico.
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对此，没有人会有异议
09:05
I've traveled a lot
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我去过很多地方
09:08
and nowhere else have I found the passion Mexicans have.
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而那些地方的人都没有墨西哥人的热情
09:13
That devotion we feel
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我们在支持
09:15
for the national football team.
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国家足球队时的热情
09:17
That devotion we show
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我们在支援
09:19
in helping victims of disasters,
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受灾人民时表现出的热情
09:21
such as the earthquake in 1985
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比如1985年的大地震
09:23
or this year's floods.
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和今年发生的大洪水
09:26
The passion with which we've been singing the national anthem
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从儿时起我们唱国歌时
09:31
since we were kids.
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就保含热情
09:33
When we thought Masiosare
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我们以为Masiosare
09:34
was the strange enemy,
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是外敌的意思
09:37
and we sang, with a childlike heart,
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我们用一颗儿童的心唱着
09:40
"a soldier in each son."
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“每个子民心中都有一个战士”
09:45
I think the biggest insult,
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我认为，侮辱一个墨西哥人
09:47
the worst way you can offend a Mexican
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最恶劣的方式
09:49
is to insult their mother.
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就是侮辱他的母亲
09:51
A mother is the most sacred thing in life.
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母亲在人一生中出在最神圣地位
09:55
Mexico is our mother and today she cries out for her children.
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墨西哥就是我们的母亲，而现在她在召唤她的子民
09:58
We are going through the darkest moment
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我们正面临着近期历史上
10:01
in our recent history.
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最为黑暗的时刻
10:03
Our mother, Mexico, is being violated before our very eyes.
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我们的母亲墨西哥就在我们眼前遭人凌辱
10:07
What are we going to do?
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我们该怎么办？
10:10
Masiosare, the strange enemy, is here.
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Masiosare，外敌已经来了
10:13
Where is the soldier in each son?
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那么每个子民心中的战士在哪里？
10:17
Mahatma Gandhi,
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圣雄甘地
10:19
one of the greatest civil fighters of all time, said,
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历史上最伟大的人民权力运动英雄曾说：
10:23
"Be the change you wish to see in the world."
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“欲变世界，先变其身”
10:27
Today in Mexico we're asking for Gandhis.
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现在，我们呼唤甘地
10:30
We need Ghandis.
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我们需要甘地
10:33
We need men and women who love Mexico
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我们需要热爱墨西哥的英雄儿女们
10:36
and who are willing to take action.
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揭竿而起
10:39
This is a call for every true Mexican
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这是在召唤每一位真正的墨西哥人
10:44
to join this initiative.
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加入这场斗争
10:46
This is a call
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这在放声号召
10:47
so that every single thing we love about Mexico --
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只有这样，我们所热爱的墨西哥的一切
10:50
the festivals, the markets,
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-各种节日，市场，
10:52
the restaurants, the cantinas,
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餐馆，饭店，
10:54
the tequila, the mariachis, the serenades,
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龙舌兰酒，流浪艺人，小夜曲
10:57
the posadas, El Grito, the Day of the Dead,
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旅馆，EL Grito，死者日
11:01
San Miguel, the joy, the passion for life,
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圣米格尔护城，喜悦，热情
11:05
the fight and everything it means to be Mexican --
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斗争，以及让我们成为墨西哥人的一切事物
11:09
doesn't disappear from this world.
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才不会从世界上消失
11:13
We're facing a very powerful opponent.
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我们面对的是极其强大的敌人
11:16
But we are many more.
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但我们的力量更加强大
11:19
They can take a man's life.
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他们可以杀死一个人
11:21
Anyone can kill me,
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谁都可以杀我
11:23
or you, or you.
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杀你，或者你
11:25
But no one can kill
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但是，谁也杀不死
11:27
the spirit of true Mexicans.
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墨西哥人真正的精神
11:30
The battle is won,
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我们的斗争是必胜的
11:32
but we still have to fight it.
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但我们必须进行战斗
11:35
2000 years ago, the Roman poet Juvenal
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两千年前，古罗马诗人尤维纳利斯
11:40
said something that today echoes
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所说的一些话
11:43
in the heart of every true Mexican.
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今天在每一个真正墨西哥人的心里余音尤在
11:46
He said, "Count it the greatest sin
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他说：“为荣誉而蔑视生命
11:51
to prefer life to honor,
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是万恶之首
11:56
and for the sake of living
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而对于生命而言
12:00
to lose what makes life worth living."
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最大的罪恶莫过于让生命失去存在的意义。”
12:04
Thank you.
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非常感谢
12:05
(Applause)
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（众人鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Emiliano Salinas - Community activistEmiliano Salinas, the son of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari, is helping communities throughout Mexico organize and peacefully respond to escalating violence.
Why you should listen
Emiliano Salinas is the vice president of Prorsus Capital, an investment fund that promotes ethical and innovative projects in Mexico. He's general coordinator of Movimiento Inlak'ech por la Paz, A.C. (Inlak'ech Peace Movement), a civil initiative, founded by scientist and humanist Keith Raniere, that seeks to restore peace in Mexico by strengthening its society to transform violence with compassion.
Emiliano Salinas | Speaker | TED.com