ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.

Why you should listen

Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?

Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.

More profile about the speaker
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2010

Julian Treasure: Shh! Sound health in 8 steps

Julian Treasure: 安静!保持听力健康的八大法则

Filmed:
1,675,552 views

Julian Treasure说日益吵闹的世界正在吞噬我们的精神健康,甚至威胁我们的生命。他提出了八大法则帮助我们缓解“声音的侵袭”(先从廉价耳机入手),并且重新建立起我们同声音之间的和睦关系。
- Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
The Hindus印度教徒 say, "Nada纳达 brahma,"
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印度人说:“Nada brahma”,
00:18
one translation翻译 of which哪一个 is, "The world世界 is sound声音."
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意为“世界是健康的”(谐音:世界是充满声音的)
00:21
And in a way, that's true真正, because everything is vibrating振动.
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这说的没错,因为一切事物都处于振动中。
00:24
In fact事实, all of you as you sit here right now are vibrating振动.
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事实上,你们在座的各位都在振动。
00:27
Every一切 part部分 of your body身体 is vibrating振动 at different不同 frequencies频率.
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身体中的每一部分都在以不同的频率振动。
00:30
So you are, in fact事实, a chord --
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所以,这些声音构成了一个和弦。
00:32
each of you an individual个人 chord.
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你们每个人都是一个独立的和弦。
00:34
One definition定义 of health健康 may可能 be
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健康的一种定义可能是
00:36
that that chord is in complete完成 harmony和谐.
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这种和弦都保持一种和睦的状态。
00:38
Your ears耳朵 can't hear that chord;
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你的耳朵是听不到这种和弦的。
00:40
they can actually其实 hear amazing惊人 things. Your ears耳朵 can hear 10 octaves八度.
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但它们却能听见10个八度音阶,这很惊人。
00:43
Incidentally顺便, we see just one octave八度.
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然而,我们只能看到一个八度音阶。
00:46
Your ears耳朵 are always on -- you have no ear lids.
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你的耳朵随时都是打开的,因为它们没有“盖子”。
00:48
They work even when you sleep睡觉.
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即使在睡觉时,它们也在工作。
00:50
The smallest最少 sound声音 you can perceive感知
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你能听到的最小的声音
00:52
moves移动 your eardrum鼓膜 just four atomic原子 diameters直径.
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只会让耳膜振动4个原子直径(1个原子直径小于1纳米)
00:55
The loudest最响亮 sound声音 you can hear
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而你能听到的最大声音
00:57
is a trillion times more powerful强大 than that.
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却是那个的一万亿倍。
00:59
Ears耳朵 are made制作 not for hearing听力,
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耳朵不仅是为了听本身
01:01
but for listening.
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而是为了专注、认真的倾听
01:03
Listening听力 is an active活性 skill技能,
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认真倾听是一种主动技能
01:05
whereas hearing听力 is passive被动, listening is something that we have to work at --
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普通地听是被动的 而倾听却是要花功夫的
01:08
it's a relationship关系 with sound声音.
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倾听是处理声音与声音之间的关系
01:10
And yet然而 it's a skill技能 that none没有 of us are taught.
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也是一种与生俱来的能力
01:12
For example, have you ever considered考虑 that there are listening positions位置,
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比如 你考虑过倾听也有不同的姿势
01:15
places地方 you can listen from?
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以便你接收声音吗
01:17
Here are two of them.
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看以下两个例子
01:19
Reductive还原的 listening is listening "for."
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删减性的倾听是有“选择”的听
01:21
It reduces减少 everything down to what's relevant相应
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它会只关注你想要知道的东西
01:24
and it discards丢弃 everything that's not relevant相应.
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而忽略无关紧要的内容
01:26
Men男人 typically一般 listen reductively还原.
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男人通常会删减性的倾听
01:28
So he's saying, "I've got this problem问题."
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比如一个人说:“我有个问题。”
01:30
He's saying, "Here's这里的 your solution. Thanks谢谢 very much. Next下一个."
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另一个人说:“这是你的答案。多谢。下一位。”
01:32
That's the way we talk, right guys?
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这就是我们谈话的方式,对吧,男士们?
01:34
Expansive膨胀 listening, on the other hand,
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而另外一种,扩展性的倾听
01:36
is listening "with," not listening "for."
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是“无目的”,“无选择”的听
01:38
It's got no destination目的地 in mind心神 --
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你脑海里并没有明确的目标
01:40
it's just enjoying享受 the journey旅程.
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而只是享受听的过程
01:42
Women妇女 typically一般 listen expansively豪爽.
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女人通常会扩展性的倾听
01:44
If you look at these two, eye contact联系, facing面对 each other,
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看看这两位,面对面,保持眼神交流
01:46
possibly或者 both talking at the same相同 time.
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可能两人同时都在说话
01:48
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:51
Men男人, if you get nothing else其他 out of this talk,
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男士们,如果你们谈话时觉得索然无味,
01:53
practice实践 expansive广阔 listening,
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试试扩展性的倾听,
01:55
and you can transform转变 your relationships关系.
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或许可以改善你们的关系。
01:57
The trouble麻烦 with listening is that so much of what we hear
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倾听的问题就是我们听到的许多声音
02:00
is noise噪声, surrounding周围 us all the time.
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都是噪音,并且时刻侵扰着我们。
02:03
Noise噪声 like this, according根据 to the European欧洲的 Union联盟,
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根据欧盟的统计,这种程度的噪音
02:06
is reducing减少 the health健康 and the quality质量 of life
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正在降低欧洲总人数的
02:08
of 25 percent百分
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25%的人口的
02:10
of the population人口 of Europe欧洲.
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健康和生活质量。
02:12
Two percent百分 of the population人口 of Europe欧洲 --
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欧洲总人数的百分之二——
02:14
that's 16 million百万 people --
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就是1600万人
02:16
are having their sleep睡觉 devastated满目疮痍
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都被这样的噪音
02:18
by noise噪声 like that.
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干扰睡眠。
02:20
Noise噪声 kills杀死
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每年,噪音
02:22
200,000 people a year in Europe欧洲.
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都会夺去欧洲20万人的生命。
02:24
It's a really big problem问题.
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这的确是个严重的问题。
02:26
Now, when you were little, if you had noise噪声 and you didn't want to hear it,
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当你小时候听到噪音,并想摆脱它时,
02:28
you'd stick your fingers手指 in your ears耳朵 and hum.
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你会捂住耳朵小声哼哼。
02:30
These days, you can do a similar类似 thing, it just looks容貌 a bit cooler冷却器.
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现在,你可以做类似的事情,看起来还更酷。
02:33
It looks容貌 a bit like this.
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就是用这个。
02:35
The trouble麻烦 with widespread广泛 headphone耳机 use
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耳机的广泛使用带来的后果是
02:37
is it brings带来 three really big health健康 issues问题.
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三大严重的健康问题。
02:40
The first really big health健康 issue问题 is a word that Murray穆雷 Schafer谢弗 coined创造:
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第一大严重的健康问题,根据Murray Schafer的话说,就是
02:43
"schizophoniaschizophonia."
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“幻听”
02:45
It's a dislocation错位
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这是一种错乱,
02:47
between之间 what you see and what you hear.
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使你看到的和听到的并不一致。
02:49
So, we're inviting诱人的 into our lives生活
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所以,我们的生活中,
02:51
the voices声音 of people who are not present当下 with us.
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就多了一些不在我们身边的人发出的声音。
02:54
I think there's something deeply unhealthy不良
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我认为时时处于“幻听”中
02:56
about living活的 all the time in schizophoniaschizophonia.
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对健康十分不利。
02:58
The second第二 problem问题 that comes with headphone耳机 abuse滥用
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与滥用耳机相伴而来的第二个问题
03:00
is compression压缩.
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是压缩音乐。
03:02
We squash壁球 music音乐 to fit适合 it into our pocket口袋
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我们压缩音乐,以便能装进口袋,
03:04
and there is a cost成本 attached to this.
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然而也付出了代价。
03:06
Listen to this -- this is an uncompressed未压缩 piece of music音乐.
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听听这个,是一段没有压缩的音乐。
03:09
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
03:15
And now the same相同 piece of music音乐 with 98 percent百分 of the data数据 removed去除.
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同样的一段音乐,但却少了98%的信息。
03:18
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
03:22
I do hope希望 that some of you at least最小
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我希望至少有一部分人
03:24
can hear the difference区别 between之间 those two.
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能听出其中的差别。
03:26
There is a cost成本 of compression压缩.
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这就是压缩音乐的代价。
03:28
It makes品牌 you tired and irritable急躁 to have to make up all of that data数据.
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为了补上丢失的信息,你很容易变得疲劳、烦躁。
03:30
You're having to imagine想像 it.
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你需要通过想象来弥补这个空白。
03:32
It's not good for you in the long run.
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长期下去,会对健康不利。
03:34
The third第三 problem问题 with headphones头戴耳机 is this: deafness --
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滥用耳机带来的第三个问题是——耳聋
03:37
noise-induced噪声性 hearing听力 disorder紊乱.
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即噪音导致的听觉紊乱。
03:39
Ten million百万 Americans美国人 already已经 have this for one reason原因 or another另一个,
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1000万美国人已经因为各种原因换上了此症,
03:42
but really worryingly令人担忧,
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但最让人担心的是,
03:44
16 percent百分 --
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其中16%
03:46
roughly大致 one in six -- of American美国 teenagers青少年
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就是约每六个青少年中就有一个
03:48
suffer遭受 from noise-induced噪声性 hearing听力 disorder紊乱
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因为滥用耳机
03:50
as a result结果 of headphone耳机 abuse滥用.
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患上了噪音导致的听觉紊乱。
03:53
One study研究 at an American美国 university大学
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美国一所大学的调查显示
03:55
found发现 that 61 percent百分 of college学院 freshmen新生
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61%大一新生
03:58
had damaged破损 hearing听力
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由于滥用耳机
04:00
as a result结果 of headphone耳机 abuse滥用.
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听力有损伤
04:02
We may可能 be raising提高 an entire整个 generation of deaf people.
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我们正在培养的这一代人可能听力都有障碍。
04:05
Now that's a really serious严重 problem问题.
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这个问题的确很严峻。
04:07
I'll give you three quick tips提示 to protect保护 your ears耳朵
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我来告诉你们三种简单的方法保护听力,
04:09
and pass通过 these on to your children孩子, please.
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也请你们转告你们的孩子。
04:11
Professional专业的 hearing听力 protectors保护 are great;
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专业的听力保护器是个不错的选择
04:13
I use some all the time.
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我就经常使用
04:15
If you're going to use headphones头戴耳机, buy购买 the best最好 ones那些 you can afford给予
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如果你们要使用耳机 也请买你能付得起的最好的一种
04:18
because quality质量 means手段 you don't have to have it so loud.
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因为质量好意味着音量不用太大
04:20
If you can't hear somebody talking to you in a loud voice语音,
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如果别人大声跟你讲话 你都听不到的话
04:22
it's too loud.
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你的音量就太大了
04:24
And thirdly第三, if you're in bad sound声音,
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第三 当你听到噪音时
04:26
it's fine to put your fingers手指 in your ears耳朵 or just move移动 away from it.
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最好用手指护住耳朵 或者远离噪音
04:28
Protect保护 your ears耳朵 in that way.
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请使用这些护耳的方法
04:30
Let's move移动 away from bad sound声音 and look at some friends朋友 that I urge敦促 you to seek寻求 out.
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不谈噪音了 我们来谈谈一些你应该去寻求的好朋友
04:33
WWBWWB:
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风水鸟
04:35
Wind, water, birds鸟类 --
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风声 水声 鸟声
04:38
stochastic随机 natural自然 sounds声音
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大自然的声音
04:40
composed of lots of individual个人 random随机 events事件,
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它们都由各种不同的细节组成
04:43
all of it very healthy健康,
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对健康十分有好处
04:45
all of it sound声音 that we evolved进化 to over the years年份.
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因为都是我们进化过程中我们陪伴我们的声音
04:47
Seek寻求 those sounds声音 out; they're good for you and so it this.
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寻求这些声音吧 对你们有好处 还有这个
04:53
Silence安静 is beautiful美丽.
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安静是美好的。
04:55
The Elizabethans伊丽莎白时代 described描述 language语言
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古人曾把语言比作
04:57
as decorated装饰 silence安静.
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修饰过的安静
04:59
I urge敦促 you to move移动 away from silence安静 with intention意向
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我建议你们刻意地远离安静
05:02
and to design设计 soundscapes音景 just like works作品 of art艺术.
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去设计像艺术品一样的声音的图画
05:05
Have a foreground前景, a background背景, all in beautiful美丽 proportion比例.
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有前景 有背景 并且比例协调
05:08
It's fun开玩笑 to get into designing设计 with sound声音.
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设计声音是很有趣的
05:10
If you can't do it yourself你自己, get a professional专业的 to do it for you.
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如果自己不会做的话 可以找专业人士帮忙
05:13
Sound声音 design设计 is the future未来,
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声音设计就是未来
05:15
and I think it's the way we're going to change更改 the way the world世界 sounds声音.
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也是一种方法让世界变得好听
05:18
I'm going to just run quickly很快 through通过 eight modalities模式,
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我现在快速地向你们介绍八种方法
05:20
eight ways方法 sound声音 can improve提高 health健康.
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八种声音可以改善健康的方法
05:23
First, ultrasound超声: we're very familiar with it from physical物理 therapy治疗;
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首先 超声波 我们都熟知它在物理疗法中的作用
05:26
it's also now being存在 used to treat对待 cancer癌症.
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它现在也被用于治疗癌症
05:28
Lithotripsy碎石 -- saving保存 thousands数千 of people a year from the scalpel解剖刀
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碎石术 每年可以拯救上千条生命
05:31
by pulverizing粉碎 stones石头 with high-intensity高强度 sound声音.
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它利用高强度的声音粉碎结石
05:34
Sound声音 healing复原 is a wonderful精彩 modality形态.
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声音治疗法也是不错的方法
05:36
It's been around for thousands数千 of years年份.
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它已经有上千年的历史
05:38
I do urge敦促 you to explore探索 this.
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我希望你们能关注它
05:40
There are great things being存在 doneDONE there, treating治疗 now autism自闭症,
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因为它做出了许多贡献 包括治疗孤独症
05:42
dementia痴呆 and other conditions条件.
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痴呆和其他病症
05:44
And music音乐, of course课程. Just listening to music音乐 is good for you,
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当然还有音乐 听音乐对你有好处
05:47
if it's music音乐 that's made制作 with good intention意向,
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如果它的创作动机是好的
05:49
made制作 with love, generally通常.
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是有爱的
05:51
Devotional信仰的 music音乐, good -- Mozart莫扎特, good.
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虔诚的音乐 不错 莫扎特 也不错
05:53
There are all sorts排序 of types类型 of music音乐
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有各种各样的音乐
05:55
that are very healthy健康.
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十分利于健康
05:57
And four modalities模式 where you need to take some action行动
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还有四种方法需要你采取行动
05:59
and get involved参与.
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参与其中
06:01
First of all, listen consciously自觉.
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首先 专心地听
06:03
I hope希望 that that after this talk you'll你会 be doing that.
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我希望在我的讲话过后 你们就能去这样做
06:05
It's a whole整个 new dimension尺寸 to your life and it's wonderful精彩 to have that dimension尺寸.
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这会是你们人生全新的、美好的一面
06:08
Secondly其次, get in touch触摸 with making制造 some sound声音 --
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第二 试着自己弄出点声响
06:11
create创建 sound声音.
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创造声音
06:13
The voice语音 is the instrument仪器 we all play,
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声音是我们都会使用的乐器
06:15
and yet然而 how many许多 of us are trained熟练 in using运用 our voice语音? Get trained熟练;
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但多少人接受训练 学会利用我们自己的声音? 尝试训练一下吧。
06:18
learn学习 to sing, learn学习 to play an instrument仪器.
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学着歌唱 学习演奏一种乐器
06:20
Musicians音乐家 have bigger brains大脑 -- it's true真正.
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音乐家都有更发达的大脑 这话不假
06:23
You can do this in groups as well.
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也可以尝试和大家一起这样做
06:25
It's a fantastic奇妙 antidote解药 to schizophoniaschizophonia;
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和一大群人创造音乐
06:27
to make music音乐 and sound声音 in a group of people,
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是缓解幻听的非常好的办法
06:29
whichever任何 style样式 you enjoy请享用 particularly尤其.
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任何你喜欢的方式都是不错的
06:32
And let's take a stewarding管事 role角色 for the sound声音 around us.
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让我们主宰周围的声音
06:34
Protect保护 your ears耳朵? Yes, absolutely绝对.
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保护听力 这是当然
06:36
Design设计 soundscapes音景 to be beautiful美丽 around you
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不管在家里还是工作中 设计并创作出
06:38
at home and at work.
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好听的声音
06:40
And let's start开始 to speak说话 up
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当有人用我之前播过的噪音
06:42
when people are assailing调戏 us
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来攻击我们的时候
06:44
with the noise噪声 that I played发挥 you early on.
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让我们大声地给与它们还击
06:46
So I'm going to leave离开 you with seven things you can do right now
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因此 我告诉你们7件现在就可以做的事情
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to improve提高 your health健康 with sound声音.
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帮助改善你们的听觉健康
06:51
My vision视力 is of a world世界 that sounds声音 beautiful美丽
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我的目标是使这个世界变得更加好听
06:54
and if we all start开始 doing these things,
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如果我们现在就开始做这些事的话
06:56
we will take a very big step in that direction方向.
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我们就会迈出重要的一步
06:58
So I urge敦促 you to take that path路径.
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所以我呼吁大家一同迈出这一步
07:01
I'm leaving离开 you with a little more birdsong鸟鸣声, which哪一个 is very good for you.
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我以一小段鸟的歌声来结束我的讲话 它对你们有好处
07:03
I wish希望 you sound声音 health健康.
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祝大家听力健康
07:05
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Weihua ZHANG
Reviewed by He Wang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.

Why you should listen

Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?

Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.

More profile about the speaker
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com

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