ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Helen Fisher - Anthropologist, expert on love
Anthropologist Helen Fisher studies gender differences and the evolution of human emotions. She’s best known as an expert on romantic love.

Why you should listen

Fisher's several books lay bare the mysteries of our most treasured emotion: its evolution, its biochemical foundations and its vital importance to human society. Fisher describes love as a universal human drive (stronger than the sex drive; stronger than thirst or hunger; stronger perhaps than the will to live), and her many areas of inquiry shed light on timeless human mysteries like why we choose one partner over another. Her classic study, Anatomy of Love, first published in 1992, has just been re-issued in a fully updated edition, including her recent neuroimaging research on lust, romantic love and attachment as well as discussions of sexting, hooking up, friends with benefits, other contemporary trends in courtship and marriage, and a dramatic current trend she calls “slow love.”

More profile about the speaker
Helen Fisher | Speaker | TED.com
TED2006

Helen Fisher: Why we love, why we cheat

海倫費雪解釋,我們為何戀愛、為何不忠

Filmed:
11,349,614 views

人類學家海倫費雪選了一個微妙的話題 -- 愛 -- 並且解釋了愛的演化論、愛的生物化學基礎和它的社會性重要意義。最後提出警告說,抗憂鬱藥物的濫用可能引發一場潛在災難。
- Anthropologist, expert on love
Anthropologist Helen Fisher studies gender differences and the evolution of human emotions. She’s best known as an expert on romantic love. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

今天要談的是兩大社會趨勢,在未來的一百年,
00:25
I'd like to talk today今天
about the two biggest最大 social社會 trends趨勢
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00:30
in the coming未來 century世紀,
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00:31
and perhaps也許 in the next下一個 10,000 years年份.
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甚至是未來的一萬年。
但我想從我對愛情的研究工作開始談起,
00:34
But I want to start開始
with my work on romantic浪漫 love,
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00:38
because that's my most recent最近 work.
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因為那是我最近的研究結果。
我和同事們把32位瘋狂陷入愛河的人們
00:41
What I and my colleagues同事 did was put
32 people, who were madly發狂 in love,
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00:45
into a functional實用 MRIMRI brain scanner掃描器.
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放在MRI機器台上做了腦部掃描。
其中17位愛的瘋狂,愛有得到回應,
00:48
17 who were madly發狂 in love
and their love was accepted公認;
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另15位愛得入骨,但被甩了。
00:51
and 15 who were madly發狂 in love
and they had just been dumped.
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所以我們先談談那個,
00:54
And so I want to tell you
about that first,
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然後再說未來愛的趨勢如何。
00:57
and then go on into where
I think love is going.
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01:01
(Laughter笑聲)
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01:03
"What 'tis“TIS to love?" Shakespeare莎士比亞 said.
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「情為何物?」莎士比亞曾經問道。
我想,我們人類的祖先從很久以前就開始思索這個問題,
01:07
I think our ancestors祖先 --
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01:09
I think human人的 beings眾生 have been
wondering想知道 about this question
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他們在夜空下圍著營火,躺下仰望繁星,百萬年前就開始沉思這個問題。
01:13
since以來 they satSAT around their campfires營火
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01:15
or lay鋪設 and watched看著
the stars明星 a million百萬 years年份 ago.
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01:19
I started開始 out by trying to figure數字 out
what romantic浪漫 love was
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我的工作由研究愛情的本質為何開始,
我是從過去45年來的研究文獻著手--心理學範圍,
01:22
by looking at the last 45 years年份
of the psychological心理 research研究
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01:28
and as it turns out,
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結果發現,特定的一些事情會集中發生在愛意萌生時。
01:29
there's a very specific具體 group of things
that happen發生 when you fall秋季 in love.
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第一件事,墜入愛河的人,
01:34
The first thing that happens發生 is,
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a person begins開始 to take on
what I call, "special特別 meaning含義."
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所有事物對他而言都有了「特殊意義」
一位卡車司機跟我說,
01:40
As a truck卡車 driver司機 once一旦 said to me,
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他說:「這世界有了一個新的中心,我的瑪莉安,就是一切的中心。」
01:42
"The world世界 had a new center中央,
and that center中央 was Mary瑪麗 Anne安妮."
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01:46
George喬治 Bernard伯納德 Shaw said it differently不同.
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蕭伯納說的差不多,
他說:「愛的成分不過就是,在兩個女人中過度高估了其中一位」
01:48
"Love consists of overestimating高估
the differences分歧
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01:51
between之間 one woman女人 and another另一個."
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確實如此,一點也沒錯。
01:53
And indeed確實, that's what we do.
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01:55
(Laughter笑聲)
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01:58
And then you just focus焦點 on this person.
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然後你就這樣專心一意在一個人身上,
02:01
You can list名單 what you
don't like about them,
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你可以列出你不喜歡他們的那些事情,
但你會把不喜歡清單扔到腦後,單只看喜歡的部份。
02:04
but then you sweep that aside在旁邊
and focus焦點 on what you do.
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02:07
As Chaucer喬叟 said, "Love is blind."
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喬叟說過:「愛是盲目的」
02:11
In trying to understand理解 romantic浪漫 love,
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當我嘗試著要釐清浪漫愛情,
02:13
I decided決定 I would read poetry詩歌
from all over the world世界,
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我想就先從拜讀全世界的情詩開始吧。
02:16
and I just want to give
you one very short poem
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我介紹一首中國第八世紀的短詩,
02:19
from eighth-century八世紀 China中國,
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因為它正是表達了男人對某位特定女人如何癡迷的完美案例。
02:20
because it's an almost幾乎 perfect完善 example
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02:22
of a man who is focused重點 totally完全
on a particular特定 woman女人.
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它形容十分貼切-當你瘋狂的愛上某人的時候,
02:26
It's a little bit like when you are
madly發狂 in love with somebody
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當你走入停車場,
02:29
and you walk步行 into a parking停車處 lot --
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就連你愛的對象的車,都和別的車子長得不一樣,
02:31
their car汽車 is different不同
from every一切 other car汽車 in the parking停車處 lot.
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晚宴上他們所持的酒杯,也和別的玻璃杯都不一樣。
02:34
Their wine紅酒 glass玻璃 at dinner晚餐
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02:36
is different不同 from every一切 other wine紅酒 glass玻璃
at the dinner晚餐 party派對.
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02:39
And in this case案件, a man got hooked迷上
on a bamboo sleeping睡眠 mat.
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這位男子藉一張竹席而大發相思之情 (註:「鶯鶯傳」中的張生)
詩中這麼說,這是元稹的作品:
02:44
And it goes like this.
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02:45
It's by a guy called Yuan Zhen.
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「竹簟襯重茵,未忍都令捲。
02:48
"I cannot不能 bear to put away
the bamboo sleeping睡眠 mat.
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憶昨初來日,看君自施展。」
02:51
The night I brought you home,
I watched看著 you roll it out."
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睹物思人,對一張竹蓆難以忘情,
02:55
He became成為 hooked迷上 on a sleeping睡眠 mat,
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原因可能是大腦釋放旺盛的多巴胺,
02:57
probably大概 because of elevated提高的 activity活動
of dopamine多巴胺 in his brain,
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就像你我的大腦也是如此運作。
03:00
just like with you and me.
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但不只是特殊意義的產生而已,
03:02
But anyway無論如何, not only does this person
take on special特別 meaning含義,
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你的注意力集中在他們身上,
03:05
you focus焦點 your attention注意 on them.
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03:07
You aggrandize誇大 them.
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你還會誇張擴大你的對象,並且你精力無限,
03:09
But you have intense激烈 energy能源.
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就像一個玻里尼亞人曾說:「我想要一躍騰空。」
03:11
As one Polynesian波利尼西亞 said,
"I felt like jumping跳躍 in the sky天空."
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你可以整夜無眠,漫步到天明。
03:15
You're up all night.
You're walking步行 till直到 dawn黎明.
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一切順利如意時,你會比平常還要開心,
03:18
You feel intense激烈 elation高昂
when things are going well;
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進展不順,心情盪到谷底,
03:21
mood心情 swings波動 into horrible可怕 despair絕望
when things are going poorly不好.
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你的情緒完完全全隨之起伏。
03:24
Real真實 dependence依賴 on this person.
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就像一位紐約商人所說:「只要是她喜歡的東西,我都喜歡。」
03:27
As one businessman商人 in New York紐約 said to me,
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"Anything she liked喜歡, I liked喜歡."
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很簡單,愛情就是這麼簡單。
03:32
Simple簡單. Romantic浪漫 love is very simple簡單.
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03:35
You become成為 extremely非常 sexually possessive所有格.
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你在性方面極端地具有獨佔慾。
03:37
You know, if you're just sleeping睡眠
with somebody casually胡亂,
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如果你跟某人只是床伴,
03:40
you don't really care關心
if they're sleeping睡眠 with somebody else其他.
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他們和別人睡的時候你不會介意。
但一旦你愛上對方,
03:43
But the moment時刻 you fall秋季 in love,
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你對他們的性佔有慾會極端強烈。
03:45
you become成為 extremely非常
sexually possessive所有格 of them.
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我想這在人類物種的演化上中是有其目的,
03:47
I think there's a Darwinian達爾文
purpose目的 to this.
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03:50
The whole整個 point of this
is to pull two people together一起
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目的就是要把兩個人拉近,連在一起,
非常強的拉近力,好讓他們可以組成兩人團隊養育嬰孩長大。
03:53
strongly非常 enough足夠 to begin開始
to rear babies嬰兒 as a team球隊.
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03:57
But the main主要 characteristics特點
of romantic浪漫 love are craving:
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但浪漫愛情的主要特徵是渴求,
04:00
an intense激烈 craving
to be with a particular特定 person,
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強烈的想要和某一特定對象長相左右的渴求,不只是性,更是於情感上的需求。
04:04
not just sexually, but emotionally感情上.
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04:06
It would be nice不錯 to go to bed with them,
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你會很想要的是—和他們上床當然甚好,
但你更想要的是他們打電話給你,約你出去之類的。
04:10
but you want them to call you
on the telephone電話, to invite邀請 you out, etc等等.,
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04:14
to tell you that they love you.
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你想聽見他們說我愛你。
04:17
The other main主要 characteristic特性
is motivation動機.
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情的另一個特徵是原動力,
就像腦中有一台發電機開始運轉,讓你很想要這個人。
04:22
The motor發動機 in the brain begins開始 to crank曲柄,
and you want this person.
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04:25
And last but not least最小,
it is an obsession困擾.
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最後但很重要的,愛情還是一種癡迷。
當我把這些人放在MRI掃描機台上之前,
04:28
Before I put these people
in the MRIMRI machine,
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04:32
I would ask them all kinds of questions問題.
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我問他們各式各樣的問題,
04:34
But my most important重要 question
was always the same相同.
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但我最重要的問題總是同一個,
那就是:「你有多少時候,白天或晚上,會想到這個人呢?」
04:37
It was: "What percentage百分比 of the day
and night do you think about this person?"
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他們總是回答:「整日、整夜,我無法停止想念他/她。」
04:42
And indeed確實, they would say,
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"All day. All night.
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04:46
I can never stop thinking思維
about him or her."
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04:49
And then, the very last question --
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然後,最後我會問他們的問題是 —
04:51
I would always have to work
myself up to this question,
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我總是必須花一番功夫才能問這個問題,
因為我不是心理醫師,
04:54
because I'm not a psychologist心理學家.
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我並不處理什麼心理創傷經驗,
04:55
I don't work with people
in any kind of traumatic創傷 situation情況.
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但是我最後一個問題總是一樣,
04:59
My final最後 question was always the same相同.
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我會問:「你是否願意為他/她而死?」
05:01
I would say,
"Would you die for him or her?"
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這些人總是回答說:「會呀!」
05:04
And, indeed確實, these people would say "Yes!"
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就像我問他能不能遞一下鹽罐子的輕鬆平常,
05:06
as if I had asked them to pass通過 the salt.
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這讓我覺得十分驚訝。
05:08
I was just staggered交錯 by it.
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05:12
So we scanned掃描 their brains大腦,
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進行大腦掃描時,我們給實驗者看一張愛人的照片,另外一張是尋常普通的相片,
05:15
looking at a photograph照片
of their sweetheart愛人
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05:17
and looking at a neutral中性 photograph照片,
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看這些照片之間,會有一個轉移注意力用的小活動,
05:18
with a distraction娛樂 task任務 in between之間.
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我們可以觀察大腦在高度運作時
05:20
So we could look at the same相同 brain
when it was in that heightened提高 state
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05:25
and when it was in a resting休息 state.
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以及在休息狀態的一些狀況。
我們發現一些特殊活動在腦中許多不同部位發生,
05:28
And we found發現 activity活動
in a lot of brain regions地區.
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事實上最重要的活動是發生在
05:30
In fact事實, one of the most important重要
was a brain region地區
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一塊當人吸食古柯鹼而有快感時活躍的部位。
05:33
that becomes active活性
when you feel the rush of cocaine可卡因.
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事實上,實況就是如此。
05:37
And indeed確實, that's exactly究竟 what happens發生.
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05:40
I began開始 to realize實現 that romantic浪漫 love
is not an emotion情感.
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我開始了解到浪漫愛情不是一種情緒。
過去我一直認為它是一系列的情緒,
05:45
In fact事實, I had always thought
it was a series系列 of emotions情緒,
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從高昂到低迷。
05:47
from very high to very low.
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05:49
But actually其實, it's a drive駕駛.
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但事實上,它是一種驅動力,直接從精神上發動出來的力量,
05:51
It comes from the motor發動機 of the mind心神,
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05:53
the wanting希望 part部分 of the mind心神,
the craving part部分 of the mind心神.
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精神上想望和渴求的部分。
它像是
05:57
The kind of part部分 of the mind心神
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05:58
when you're reaching到達
for that piece of chocolate巧克力,
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你要吃那塊巧克力的想要,
你在工作上想得到升遷的想要,
06:01
when you want to win贏得
that promotion提升 at work.
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是大腦的驅動組,它是驅動的力量。
06:05
The motor發動機 of the brain.
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06:07
It's a drive駕駛.
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06:08
And in fact事實, I think it's more powerful強大
than the sex性別 drive駕駛.
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事實上,我認為它比性慾的驅動力更強。
當你問某人要不要和你上床,他們說「不要」
06:11
You know, if you ask somebody
to go to bed with you,
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06:14
and they say, "No, thank you,"
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顯然你不會因此而自殺或陷入憂鬱症,
06:15
you certainly當然 don't kill yourself你自己
or slip into a clinical臨床 depression蕭條.
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但是全世界都有人,因為在愛中被拒絕,而殺戮。
06:19
But certainly當然, around the world世界,
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06:22
people who are rejected拒絕
in love will kill for it.
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人們為愛而生,為愛而殺,為愛而死。
06:27
People live生活 for love.
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06:28
They kill for love.
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06:29
They die for love.
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06:31
They have songs歌曲, poems, novels小說,
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人為愛譜曲、賦詩、寫小說、刻雕像、繪畫、流傳了迷思和神話,
06:34
sculptures雕塑, paintings繪畫, myths神話, legends傳說.
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世上超過175個社會,人們以此留下了這強大腦系統運作的證據。
06:38
In over 175 societies社會,
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people have left their evidence證據
of this powerful強大 brain system系統.
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我認為這是地球上最強的一種力量,
06:45
I have come to think
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it's one of the most powerful強大
brain systems系統 on Earth地球
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它能帶來狂悲,也能帶來狂喜。
06:49
for both great joy喜悅 and great sorrow悲哀.
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這讓我想到,愛情是三者其中之ㄧ,
06:52
And I've also come to think
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06:53
that it's one of three
basically基本上 different不同 brain systems系統
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大腦為了適應求偶和繁殖,在演化過程中發展出三個不同的腦系統。
06:57
that evolved進化 from mating交配 and reproduction再生產.
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第一是性慾驅動:追求性滿足,
06:59
One is the sex性別 drive駕駛:
the craving for sexual有性 gratification享樂.
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07:03
W.H. Auden奧登 called it
an "intolerable無法忍受 neural神經 itch,"
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詩人奧登稱之為「難忍之癢」,
07:06
and indeed確實, that's what it is.
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真的,很貼切,
它一直不斷的騷擾你,就像饑餓感。
07:09
It keeps保持 bothering困擾 you
a little bit, like being存在 hungry飢餓.
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第二個腦系統是浪漫愛情,
07:13
The second第二 of these three brain
systems系統 is romantic浪漫 love:
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07:16
that elation高昂, obsession困擾 of early love.
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那種在愛情一開始,得意、熱烈、呈癡迷狀態的浪漫。
07:18
And the third第三 brain system系統 is attachment附件:
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大腦中第三個系統是依存感,
是相伴已久的伴侶能帶給你的那種平穩、安全感。
07:21
that sense of calm冷靜 and security安全
you can feel for a long-term長期 partner夥伴.
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07:25
And I think that the sex性別 drive駕駛
evolved進化 to get you out there,
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我認為性慾是驅動你出來,
尋找各式各樣可能的對象。
07:28
looking for a whole整個 range範圍 of partners夥伴.
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就像,當你獨自一人在開車的時候,
07:30
You can feel it when you're just
driving主動 along沿 in your car汽車.
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無意中你會注意到某個陌生人。
07:33
It can be focused重點 on nobody沒有人.
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浪漫愛情的演化是為了要讓你在擇偶所花的精力上能產生焦點,
07:35
I think romantic浪漫 love evolved進化
to enable啟用 you to focus焦點 your mating交配 energy能源
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07:38
on just one individual個人 at a time,
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一次只專注在一個人上面,
07:40
thereby從而 conserving節約 mating交配 time and energy能源.
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這樣做可以節省擇偶的時間和精力。
07:43
And I think that attachment附件,
the third第三 brain system系統,
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至於大腦中第三種系統:依存感,
它的演化產生是為了,讓你對某一個人類有大一點的寬容,(笑聲)
07:46
evolved進化 to enable啟用 you to tolerate容忍
this human人的 being存在
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07:49
at least最小 long enough足夠 to raise提高
a child兒童 together一起 as a team球隊.
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至少寬容的時間夠讓你們能合力把孩子撫養長大。
07:55
So with that preamble前言,
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有了這樣的前題,我要繼續談到兩大社會趨勢,
07:57
I want to go into discussing討論
the two most profound深刻 social社會 trends趨勢.
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08:03
One of the last 10,000 years年份
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第一個趨勢存在已一萬年,第二個則是出現於過去這25年—
08:06
and the other,
certainly當然 of the last 25 years年份,
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兩者將對於這三個大腦系統帶來巨大的衝擊。
08:10
that are going to have an impact碰撞
on these three different不同 brain systems系統:
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這三個系統:性慾、浪漫愛情、和深切的依附感。
08:15
lust情慾, romantic浪漫 love
and deep attachment附件 to a partner夥伴.
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第一是職業婦女,進入職場,
08:19
The first is women婦女 working加工,
moving移動 into the workforce勞動力.
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我看過了150 —130個社會,透過聯合國所公告的人口數字年鑑,
08:26
I've looked看著 at 130 societies社會
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08:29
through通過 the demographic人口 yearbooks年鑑
of the United聯合的 Nations國家.
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在世界上每個角落,130當中的129個,女性不只是進入工作市場,
08:31
Everywhere到處 in the world世界,
129 out of 130 of them,
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08:36
women婦女 are not only moving移動
into the job工作 market市場 --
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08:38
sometimes有時 very, very slowly慢慢地,
but they are moving移動 into the job工作 market市場 --
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有時候非常非常緩慢,但她們的確正在逐步進入職場,
08:42
and they are very slowly慢慢地 closing關閉
that gap間隙 between之間 men男人 and women婦女
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而且正慢慢地在經濟影響力,健康和教育程度上
08:46
in terms條款 of economic經濟 power功率,
health健康 and education教育.
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追上男女之間的落差。
速度很慢,
08:50
It's very slow.
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08:51
For every一切 trend趨勢 on this planet行星,
there's a counter-trend反趨勢.
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地球上每出現一個潮流,也會有個反潮流。
08:54
We all know of them, but nevertheless雖然 --
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我們都知道這是必然的,儘管如此,有句古老的阿拉伯俗語:
08:57
the Arabs阿拉伯人 say, "The dogs小狗 may可能 bark,
but the caravan大篷車 moves移動 on."
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「狗就算吠,篷車照開。」
確實,篷車是繼續前行的。
09:03
And, indeed確實, that caravan大篷車 is moving移動 on.
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女性又再回到了工作職場中,
09:05
Women婦女 are moving移動 back into the job工作 market市場.
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而我說「再」回到了工作職場,因為這不是新鮮事。
09:08
And I say back into the job工作 market市場,
because this is not new.
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遠古世界曾經有百萬年,在非洲大草原上,
09:12
For millions百萬 of years年份,
on the grasslands草原 of Africa非洲,
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女人以外出採集蔬果為她們的工作,
09:15
women婦女 commuted改判 to work
to gather收集 their vegetables蔬菜.
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帶回家供應晚餐的食物份量達60%到80%,
09:18
They came來了 home with 60 to 80 percent百分
of the evening晚間 meal膳食.
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09:22
The double income收入 family家庭 was the standard標準.
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雙薪家庭對他們而言是常態。
09:25
And women婦女 were regarded認為
as just as economically經濟,
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女人在經濟、社會地位、性的方面和男人是平起平坐的。
09:29
socially社交上 and sexually powerful強大 as men男人.
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09:32
In short, we're really
moving移動 forward前鋒 to the past過去.
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簡言之,我們去向的前方其實是回到了古早以往。
之後,女人最不妙的發明就是「犁」。
09:37
Then, women's女士的 worst最差
invention發明 was the plow.
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有了犁田的農業,男人變重要了,
09:42
With the beginning開始 of plow agriculture農業,
men's男裝 roles角色 became成為 extremely非常 powerful強大.
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女人則失去了他們古老的採集者的工作。
09:46
Women婦女 lost丟失 their ancient
jobs工作 as collectors收藏家,
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但藉由工業革命和後工業革命,
09:50
but then with the industrial產業 revolution革命
and the post-industrial後工業 revolution革命
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女性又再度回到了就業市場。
09:54
they're moving移動 back into the job工作 market市場.
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簡言之,她們取得的是一百萬年前、一萬年前、
09:56
In short, they are acquiring收購 the status狀態
that they had a million百萬 years年份 ago,
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或十萬年前,就已經存在的社會地位。
10:01
10,000 years年份 ago, 100,000 years年份 ago.
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10:04
We are seeing眼看 now one
of the most remarkable卓越 traditions傳統
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我們現在正目擊人類歷史上最鮮明的傳統特質重現,
10:09
in the history歷史 of the human人的 animal動物.
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它會帶來一些衝擊,
10:13
And it's going to have an impact碰撞.
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關於女性在商業社群中帶來的衝擊效應,就又是另一篇演講了,
10:15
I generally通常 give a whole整個 lecture演講
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10:16
on the impact碰撞 of women婦女
on the business商業 community社區.
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我在此只略提一二。然後我要講的是性和愛,
10:18
I'll say just a couple一對 of things,
and then go on to sex性別 and love.
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兩性間有很大的差異,
10:22
There's a lot of gender性別 differences分歧;
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那些說男人和女人沒有差別的人,恐怕是自己未曾養育過一男和一女。
10:23
anybody任何人 who thinks men男人 and women婦女 are alike一樣
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10:26
simply只是 never had a boy男孩 and a girl女孩 child兒童.
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我不明白他們為何說男女沒什麼不同,
10:28
I don't know why they want to think
that men男人 and women婦女 are alike一樣.
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我們確實有許多共通點,但也有許多
10:31
There's much we have in common共同,
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10:32
but there's a whole整個 lot
that we do not have in common共同.
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非共通點。
10:35
We are -- in the words of Ted攤曬 Hughes休斯,
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套一句詩人休斯說的,
10:37
"I think that we are like two feet.
We need each other to get ahead."
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「人類生而有雙腳,雙腳彼此合作才能邁步向前 — 人類兩性也一樣,彼此需要。」
但在演化的過程中我們有了不一樣的大腦,
10:42
But we did not evolve發展
to have the same相同 brain.
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10:45
And we're finding發現 more and more
gender性別 differences分歧 in the brain.
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許多的不同存在於兩性之間,就大腦而言。
我舉其中一二為例,然後接著再講性與愛。
10:49
I'll only just use a couple一對
and then move移動 on to sex性別 and love.
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10:52
One of them is women's女士的 verbal口頭 ability能力.
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其中之ㄧ是女性的語言能力,女人比較會說話,
10:54
Women婦女 can talk.
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10:55
Women's女士的 ability能力 to find the right word
rapidly急速, basic基本 articulation關節
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女性能比較快找到正確的措辭,基本修辭能力,
10:59
goes up in the middle中間
of the menstrual月經 cycle週期,
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在生理週期正中央時達到巔峰,此時雌激素最旺盛,
11:02
when estrogen雌激素 levels水平 peak.
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但即使在行經期間,她的口語表達能力也比一般男人較好,
11:03
But even at menstruation經期,
they're better than the average平均 man.
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女人就是會說話。
11:07
Women婦女 can talk.
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百萬年以來都如此進行,女人的工具就是言語文字。
11:09
They've他們已經 been doing it for a million百萬 years年份;
words were women's女士的 tools工具.
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11:12
They held保持 that baby寶寶
in front面前 of their face面對,
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她們端詳雙臂中懷抱的嬰兒,
逗弄、輕聲責罵、用言語教育孩子們,
11:14
cajoling哄騙 it, reprimanding申斥 it,
educating教育 it with words.
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而的確,女性們正形成一股強有力的勢力,
11:18
And, indeed確實, they're becoming變得
a very powerful強大 force.
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11:21
Even in places地方 like India印度 and Japan日本,
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甚至是在印度以及日本這些地方,
女性或許沒有很快速的進入一般職場,
11:27
where women婦女 are not moving移動 rapidly急速
into the regular定期 job工作 market市場,
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11:30
they're moving移動 into journalism新聞學.
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但她們進入了專業新聞領域,
11:32
And I think that the television電視
is like the global全球 campfire營火.
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我認為電視像是全球以之為中心的一團營火,
11:36
We sit around it and it shapes形狀 our minds頭腦.
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我們都環繞電視而坐,讓心智接收電視的教化。
11:40
Almost幾乎 always, when I'm on TV電視,
the producer製片人 who calls電話 me,
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每次當我上電視,前來和我溝通
待會要說什麼內容的製作人幾乎全是女性。
11:44
who negotiates談判中 what we're going to say,
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11:47
is a woman女人.
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索忍尼辛曾說:
11:48
In fact事實, Solzhenitsyn索爾仁尼琴 once一旦 said,
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「好作家的功用,等同於另一個政府。」
11:50
"To have a great writer作家
is to have another另一個 government政府."
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今天有54%的美國作家是女性,
11:54
Today今天 54 percent百分 of people
who are writers作家 in America美國 are women婦女.
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語言能力只是女性帶進工作職場
11:59
It's one of many許多,
many許多 characteristics特點 that women婦女 have
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的許許多多專有特色之一。
12:02
that they will bring帶來 into the job工作 market市場.
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女性還有絕佳人際溝通技巧、協商技巧
12:04
They've他們已經 got incredible難以置信 people skills技能,
negotiating談判 skills技能.
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以及高度想像力。
12:09
They're highly高度 imaginative想像的.
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12:10
We now know the brain circuitry電路
of imagination想像力, of long-term長期 planning規劃.
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如今我們明白大腦中有想像力的線路,有長期規劃的線路。
女性是網路型思考者,
12:15
They tend趨向 to be web捲筒紙 thinkers思想家.
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12:17
Because the female parts部分
of the brain are better connected連接的,
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因為女性大腦的連結程度比較好,
思考時會收集較多的資訊,
12:20
they tend趨向 to collect蒐集 more
pieces of data數據 when they think,
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也將資訊放進較複雜的架構中,因此看出更多的選項和後果。
12:23
put them into more complex複雜 patterns模式,
see more options選項 and outcomes結果.
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她們是比較完整、能觀前顧後的思考者,我稱之為網路型思考者。
12:28
They tend趨向 to be contextual上下文,
holistic整體 thinkers思想家,
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12:32
what I call web捲筒紙 thinkers思想家.
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12:33
Men男人 tend趨向 to -- and these are averages均線 --
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男性則是 — 一般而言 — 捨棄他們認為多餘的,
12:35
tend趨向 to get rid擺脫 of what they regard看待
as extraneous外來,
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只看他們要做的,採取一種規律步驟型的思考方式。
12:38
focus焦點 on what they do,
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12:39
and move移動 in a more
step-by-step一步步 thinking思維 pattern模式.
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兩種思考方式都很好,
12:45
They're both perfectly完美 good
ways方法 of thinking思維.
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人類同時需要這兩種思考方式才能邁步向前。
12:48
We need both of them to get ahead.
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12:50
In fact事實, there's many許多 more
male geniuses天才 in the world世界.
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事實上,世界上男性天才是比較多的,
12:53
And there's also many許多 more
male idiots白痴 in the world世界.
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但是男性的笨蛋也比較多。(笑聲)
12:56
(Laughter笑聲)
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當男性的大腦運作良好的時候,呈現的結果非常好。
12:58
When the male brain works作品 well,
it works作品 extremely非常 well.
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我認為,我們正朝向一個協同共工的社會演進,
13:01
And what I really think
that we're doing is,
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13:04
we're moving移動 towards
a collaborative共同 society社會,
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在這社會中男性和女性的天賦都獲得彼此了解、
13:07
a society社會 in which哪一個 the talents人才
of both men男人 and women婦女
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13:09
are becoming變得 understood了解
and valued價值 and employed就業.
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珍惜和發揮。
13:13
But in fact事實, women婦女 moving移動
into the job工作 market市場
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事實上女性進入職場帶來的一個極大衝擊
13:16
is having a huge巨大 impact碰撞
on sex性別 and romance浪漫 and family家庭 life.
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是在性、浪漫愛情及家庭生活方面。
最重要的是,女性的性自主開始覺醒。
13:22
Foremost最重要的, women婦女 are starting開始
to express表現 their sexuality性慾.
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13:27
I'm always astonished驚訝
when people come to me and say,
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我總是覺得驚訝當有人問我:
「為什麼男人都那麼愛出軌?」
13:30
"Why is it that men男人 are so adulterous淫亂?"
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而我總說:「你憑什麼覺得是男性比較愛出軌呢?」
13:32
"Why do you think
more men男人 are adulterous淫亂 than women婦女?"
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「嗯,出軌的男性比較多啊!」
13:35
"Well, men男人 are more adulterous淫亂!"
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我說:「那你認為這些出軌男人都是和誰上床了?」
13:36
And I say, "Who do you think
these men男人 are sleeping睡眠 with?"
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這是 — 基本算術! (笑聲)
13:39
(Laughter笑聲)
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13:41
And -- basic基本 math數學!
264
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無論如何,
13:42
Anyway無論如何.
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在西方世界,女孩們,嗯,
13:44
In the Western西 world世界,
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13:47
women婦女 start開始 sooner at sex性別,
have more partners夥伴,
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女性較早開始有性生活,也有較多的對象經驗,
13:50
express表現 less remorse悔恨
for the partners夥伴 that they do,
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分手時也較少悔恨自責。
13:53
marry結婚 later後來, have fewer children孩子,
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晚婚、生育子女較少,不眷戀不幸福的婚姻,並追求幸福的婚姻,
13:56
leave離開 bad marriages婚姻
in order訂購 to get good ones那些.
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13:59
We are seeing眼看 the rise上升
of female sexual有性 expression表達.
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我們正在見證女性的性自主意識抬頭,
再一次說,其實今日性意識表達正在演進形成的型態,
14:03
And, indeed確實, once一旦 again we're moving移動
forward前鋒 to the kind of sexual有性 expression表達
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可能在百萬年以前的非洲草原上就已經存在。
14:08
that we probably大概 saw on the grasslands草原
of Africa非洲 a million百萬 years年份 ago,
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14:11
because this is the kind
of sexual有性 expression表達 that we see
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因為今日現時我們所見的性表達
14:14
in hunting狩獵 and gathering蒐集 societies社會 today今天.
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即是我們在狩獵和採集型社會中所見的型態。
14:17
We're also returning回國
to an ancient form形成 of marriage婚姻 equality平等.
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我們也正在回溯到過去的古老平等婚姻型態。
他們說21世紀,
14:22
They're now saying that the 21stST century世紀
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14:26
is going to be the century世紀 of what
they call the "symmetrical對稱 marriage婚姻,"
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將要成為所謂「對稱式婚姻」的一個世紀,
14:30
or the "pure marriage婚姻,"
or the "companionate夥伴式 marriage婚姻."
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或者是「同儕式婚姻」、「伴侶型婚姻」。
這是由平等伴侶組成的婚姻,
14:36
This is a marriage婚姻 between之間 equals等於,
280
851408
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14:39
moving移動 forward前鋒 to a pattern模式
281
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演進為一種和古老的人類精神能相互呼應的婚姻形式。
14:42
that is highly高度 compatible兼容
with the ancient human人的 spirit精神.
282
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14:46
We're also seeing眼看 a rise上升 of romantic浪漫 love.
283
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我們也看到浪漫愛情主張的抬頭,
14:49
91 percent百分 of American美國 women婦女
and 86 percent百分 of American美國 men男人
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91%美國女性以及86%美國男性表示,
一個對象即便每一項條件和他們所開列的都符合,若不愛對方,
14:53
would not marry結婚 somebody
who had every一切 single quality質量
285
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14:58
they were looking for in a partner夥伴,
286
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就不會跟對方結婚。
15:00
if they were not in love with that person.
287
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一個探究了37個社會的研究顯示,世界各地的人,
15:03
People around the world世界,
in a study研究 of 37 societies社會,
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都希望與自己的配偶沉醉愛河。
15:06
want to be in love
with the person that they marry結婚.
289
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媒妁之言的婚姻,現已逐漸式微了,
15:10
Indeed確實, arranged安排 marriages婚姻 are
on their way off this braid編織 of human人的 life.
290
885946
6054
15:20
I even think that marriages婚姻
might威力 even become成為 more stable穩定
291
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甚至未來的婚姻我認為有希望是更穩定的,
原因是這第二項偉大的趨勢。
15:23
because of the second第二 great world世界 trend趨勢.
292
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第一項剛講過的,是女性進入工作職場;
15:27
The first one being存在 women婦女
moving移動 into the job工作 market市場,
293
902214
2762
15:29
the second第二 one being存在
the aging老化 world世界 population人口.
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第二項,是全球人口的老化趨勢。
15:32
They're now saying that in America美國,
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美國現在有此一說,
中年的分界應該拉長到85歲以前算中年,
15:35
that middle中間 age年齡 should be regarded認為
as up to age年齡 85.
296
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3651
因為在76到85歲這個高齡範圍中,
15:39
Because in that highest最高
age年齡 category類別 of 76 to 85,
297
914642
4879
將近有40%的人身體上是沒有太大的毛病的,
15:44
as much as 40 percent百分 of people
have nothing really wrong錯誤 with them.
298
919545
3431
15:47
So we're seeing眼看 there's a real真實
extension延期 of middle中間 age年齡.
299
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所以我們能看到中年的定義將會擴張。
15:51
For one of my books圖書,
I looked看著 at divorce離婚 data數據 in 58 societies社會.
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當為我的一本書研究找資料時,我看了58個社會的離婚統計,
15:56
And as it turns out, the older舊的 you get,
the less likely容易 you are to divorce離婚.
301
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結果是年紀愈大,離婚可能性愈低。
美國離婚率現已趨於穩定,
16:01
So the divorce離婚 rate right now
is stable穩定 in America美國,
302
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甚至開始降低,
16:05
and it's actually其實 beginning開始 to decline下降.
303
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2334
16:07
It may可能 decline下降 some more.
304
942579
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有可能還會再降低更多。
我甚至認為由於威而鋼、雌激素療法、骨盆腔替換手術的普及,
16:11
I would even say that with Viagra偉哥,
305
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3999
16:15
estrogen雌激素 replacement替代, hip臀部 replacements替代品
306
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3815
以及女人們鮮明有趣的個性
16:19
and the incredibly令人難以置信 interesting有趣 women婦女
307
954995
1981
16:21
-- women婦女 have never been
as interesting有趣 as they are now.
308
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— 女性在歷史上未曾有過如此的一個時代,
女性們未曾像今日這般,受良好教育、豐富內涵、能力強。
16:24
Not at any time on this planet行星
have women婦女 been so educated博學,
309
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3458
16:28
so interesting有趣, so capable.
310
963611
1947
因此如果要我說,人類演化史上若是
16:30
And so I honestly老老實實 think that if there
really was ever a time in human人的 evolution演化
311
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有哪個時機會創造出最好的婚姻,那就是,現在。
16:36
when we have the opportunity機會 to make
good marriages婚姻, that time is now.
312
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16:41
However然而, there's always kinds
of complications並發症 in this.
313
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但是,這其中還有些複雜化的因素,
這三個大腦系統:性慾、浪漫愛情、長期依存感,
16:44
These three brain systems系統
-- lust情慾, romantic浪漫 love and attachment附件 --
314
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4717
它們並不總是一起配合作用的,
16:49
don't always go together一起.
315
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1354
但它們確實是可以配合作用的。所以啦,
16:50
They can go together一起, by the way.
316
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這可以解釋為什麼很多一夜情都不是一夜就結束,
16:52
That's why casual隨便 sex性別 isn't so casual隨便.
317
987583
1952
因為高潮時體內多巴胺會大量產生,
16:54
With orgasm性高潮 you get a spike of dopamine多巴胺.
318
989559
2269
而多巴胺是與愛情浪漫感相關的激素,
16:56
Dopamine's多巴胺的 associated相關 with romantic浪漫 love,
319
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2096
一不小心,你就這樣和一夜情的對象墜入情網了,
16:58
and you can just
fall秋季 in love with somebody
320
993972
2023
17:00
who you're just having casual隨便 sex性別 with.
321
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1863
在高潮來時,體內催產素和血管加壓素大量分泌,
17:02
With orgasm性高潮, then you get a real真實 rush
of oxytocin催產素 and vasopressin加壓素 --
322
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3436
這些激素讓人產生依賴及歸屬感,
17:06
those are associated相關 with attachment附件.
323
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2031
這就是為什麼和某人會有天人合一的感覺,
17:08
This is why you can feel such這樣 a sense
of cosmic宇宙的 union聯盟 with somebody
324
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3959
在你和對方做愛之後。
17:12
after you've made製作 love to them.
325
1007404
1849
這三個大腦系統:性慾、浪漫愛情和依附感,
17:14
But these three brain systems系統:
lust情慾, romantic浪漫 love and attachment附件,
326
1009277
4699
17:18
aren't always connected連接的 to each other.
327
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並不總是好好的彼此連結;
17:21
You can feel deep attachment附件
to a long-term長期 partner夥伴
328
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3251
你可能對長期伴侶感到深深的依附感,
同時強烈的感受對另一個人的愛戀,
17:25
while you feel intense激烈
romantic浪漫 love for somebody else其他,
329
1020275
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然後還對這兩人以外的其他人感到性衝動。
17:29
while you feel the sex性別 drive駕駛 for people
unrelated無關 to these other partners夥伴.
330
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簡言之,我們可以同時愛上好幾個人,
17:35
In short, we're capable of loving愛心
more than one person at a time.
331
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事實上,當你夜晚躺在床上,
17:40
In fact事實, you can lie謊言 in bed at night
332
1035714
1992
你的心思可以從一個你深深依賴歸屬的對象,
17:42
and swing搖擺 from deep feelings情懷
of attachment附件 for one person
333
1037730
3246
17:45
to deep feelings情懷
of romantic浪漫 love for somebody else其他.
334
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3432
飄盪到你瘋狂癡迷的的另一個人身上。
大腦裡頭好像有個會議正在進行,
17:49
It's as if there's a committee委員會 meeting會議
going on in your head
335
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2881
決定要怎麼辦。
17:52
as you are trying to decide決定 what to do.
336
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3127
所以我不認為我們是一種為快樂而生的動物,
17:55
So I don't think, honestly老老實實,
337
1050512
1635
17:56
we're an animal動物
that was built內置 to be happy快樂;
338
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2015
我們是一種為繁衍後代而生的動物。
17:59
we are an animal動物
that was built內置 to reproduce複製.
339
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2268
我想我們尋找到的快樂,是我們自己創造的。
18:01
I think the happiness幸福 we find, we make.
340
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2935
18:04
And I think, however然而,
341
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3482
而且我相信,我們有能力創造良好的伴侶關係。
18:07
we can make good relationships關係
with each other.
342
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2667
18:10
So I want to conclude得出結論 with two things.
343
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所以我要用兩件事來做總結,
我要先提出一個擔憂,
18:12
I want to conclude得出結論 with a worry擔心,
344
1068129
2047
一個擔憂,搭配一個有趣的故事,做為結束。
18:15
and with a wonderful精彩 story故事.
345
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2929
抗憂鬱症藥品,是我所憂心的事。
18:19
The worry擔心 is about antidepressants抗抑鬱藥.
346
1074287
2689
美國每年開出超過一億張以上抗憂鬱症藥處方籤,
18:23
Over 100 million百萬 prescriptions處方
of antidepressants抗抑鬱藥
347
1078631
5132
18:28
are written書面 every一切 year
in the United聯合的 States狀態.
348
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2821
這些藥品變得垂手可得,
18:31
And these drugs毒品 are going generic通用.
349
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2565
18:34
They are seeping滲出 around the world世界.
350
1089689
2483
滲透到全世界。
我認識一位女孩子接受抗憂鬱藥治療,血清素補充療法,
18:37
I know one girl女孩 who's誰是 been
on these antidepressants抗抑鬱藥,
351
1092743
5233
18:42
SSRIsSSRIs類藥物, serotonin-enhancing血清素增強
antidepressants抗抑鬱藥 -- since以來 she was 13.
352
1098000
3976
從13歲開始接受SSRI,血清素補充抗憂鬱藥物治療。
18:46
She's 23. She's been on them
ever since以來 she was 13.
353
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2976
現在她23歲。她從13歲開始服用這些藥物。
18:49
I've got nothing against反對 people
who take them short term術語,
354
1105000
3516
對於短期服用我沒有什麼意見,
18:53
when they're going
through通過 something horrible可怕.
355
1108540
2223
當人正經歷一些非常糟糕的時期時,
18:55
They want to commit承諾 suicide自殺
or kill somebody else其他.
356
1110787
2355
甚至想要自殺或殺人的時候,
我建議他們吃藥。
18:57
I would recommend推薦 it.
357
1113166
1068
但愈來愈多的美國人是長期服用,
18:59
But more and more people
in the United聯合的 States狀態
358
1114258
2459
19:01
are taking服用 them long term術語.
359
1116741
2384
實際上,這些藥物是用來提升血清素,
19:03
And indeed確實, what these drugs毒品 do
is raise提高 levels水平 of serotonin血清素.
360
1119149
5365
血清素提高,就抑制了多巴胺的活動。
19:09
And by raising提高 levels水平 of serotonin血清素,
you suppress壓制 the dopamine多巴胺 circuit電路.
361
1124974
4821
19:14
Everybody每個人 knows知道 that.
362
1129819
1562
很多人都知道,
19:16
Dopamine多巴胺 is associated相關 with romantic浪漫 love.
363
1131944
2895
多巴胺和浪漫愛情是緊密相關的,
19:21
Not only do they suppress壓制
the dopamine多巴胺 circuit電路,
364
1136627
3150
這些藥物不僅只是抑制了多巴胺,也滅除了性慾動力,
19:24
but they kill the sex性別 drive駕駛.
365
1139801
1867
沒有性慾動力,也就不會有性高潮,
19:27
And when you kill the sex性別 drive駕駛,
you kill orgasm性高潮.
366
1142316
3824
沒有性高潮,那隨之而來大量使人有依附感的的化學物質也隨之消失。
19:30
And when you kill orgasm性高潮,
367
1146164
1191
19:32
you kill that flood洪水 of drugs毒品
associated相關 with attachment附件.
368
1147379
3867
這些物質運作在腦內是互相關聯的,
19:36
The things are connected連接的 in the brain.
369
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2264
19:38
And when you tamper篡改 with one brain system系統,
370
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2656
當你破壞其中一種運作的機制,
其他的也被連帶破壞了。
19:41
you're going to tamper篡改 with another另一個.
371
1156680
1945
19:43
I'm just simply只是 saying that a world世界
without love is a deadly致命 place地點.
372
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4754
我要說的就是,這世界若沒有了愛,將是一片死寂之地。
19:49
So now --
373
1164738
1002
所以... (掌聲) 謝謝。
19:50
(Applause掌聲)
374
1165764
4212
19:54
Thank you.
375
1170000
1703
接下來我要講一個故事,然後,加一點小注釋。
19:56
I want to end結束 with a story故事.
376
1171727
1485
19:58
And then, just a comment評論.
377
1173839
1300
我研究浪漫愛情和性慾和依附感這主題有30年了,
20:01
I've been studying研究 romantic浪漫 love
and sex性別 and attachment附件 for 30 years年份.
378
1176741
4779
我自己是同卵雙胞胎;我對人之間的相似性特別有興趣,
20:08
I'm an identical相同 twin雙胞胎;
I am interested有興趣 in why we're all alike一樣.
379
1183774
3516
為何你我相像,為何伊拉克人、日本人、
20:12
Why you and I are alike一樣,
why the Iraqis伊拉克人 and the Japanese日本
380
1187925
3051
20:15
and the Australian澳大利亞 Aborigines原住民
and the people of the Amazon亞馬遜 River
381
1191000
3000
澳洲原住民和亞馬遜河居民,我們全都很相像?
20:18
are all alike一樣.
382
1194024
1000
20:20
And about a year ago,
383
1195777
2309
大約一年前,一家網路約會網站公司 Match.com 找到我,
20:22
an Internet互聯網 dating約會 service服務,
Match比賽.comCOM, came來了 to me
384
1198110
2985
問我能否為他們設計一個網路交友配對網站。
20:25
and asked me if I would design設計
a new dating約會 site現場 for them.
385
1201119
3652
20:29
I said, "I don't know anything
about personality個性. You know?
386
1204795
2802
我說:「我對個性這回事一無所知,
20:32
I don't know. Do you think
you've got the right person?"
387
1207621
2720
我不確定,你們真的找對人了嗎?」
他們肯定,「對的」
20:35
They said, "Yes."
388
1210365
1040
這讓我深思,為什麼你愛了這個人不去愛那個人,
20:36
It got me thinking思維
about why it is that you fall秋季 in love
389
1211429
3023
20:39
with one person rather than another另一個.
390
1214476
1732
這是我現在的研究計畫,會是我下一本書的內容。
20:41
That's my current當前 project項目;
it will be my next下一個 book.
391
1216232
3443
為什麼你愛了這人不去愛那個人,原因有許多,
20:45
There's all kinds of reasons原因
392
1220262
1539
20:46
that you fall秋季 in love
with one person rather than another另一個.
393
1221825
2753
時機很重要、近水樓台很重要、
20:49
Timing定時 is important重要.
Proximity接近 is important重要.
394
1224602
3286
神秘感很重要,當你愛上某個有點神秘感的人,
20:52
Mystery神秘 is important重要.
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20:54
You fall秋季 in love with somebody
who's誰是 somewhat有些 mysterious神秘,
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一部分原因是神秘感會刺激大腦產生更多多巴胺,
20:56
in part部分 because mystery神秘
elevates提升 dopamine多巴胺 in the brain,
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可能就推動你跨過愛情萌芽的一個門檻。
20:59
probably大概 pushes you
over that threshold to fall秋季 in love.
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你會愛上一個在你的「愛情圖譜」中條件符合的人,
21:02
You fall秋季 in love with somebody
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21:03
who fits適合 within
what I call your "love map地圖,"
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這圖譜上放的條件是你從小到大無意識間慢慢建立起來的一張特徵清單。
21:05
an unconscious無意識 list名單 of traits性狀
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21:08
that you build建立 in childhood童年
as you grow增長 up.
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並且我認為,你會受
21:10
And I also think
that you gravitate受引力作用 to certain某些 people,
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特定的人所吸引,事實上,是因對方大腦系統正好和你是互補型的,
21:13
actually其實, with somewhat有些
complementary補充 brain systems系統.
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3268
21:16
And that's what I'm now
contributing貢獻 to this.
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那就是我現在正在研究的方向。
現在我要說一個故事,
21:19
But I want to tell you
a story故事, to illustrate說明.
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3665
21:22
I've been carrying攜帶 on here
about the biology生物學 of love.
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目前為止,我一直講到愛的生物學,
我也想表達一點「愛的文化學」—
21:26
I wanted to show顯示 you a little bit
about the culture文化 of it, too,
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愛的神奇。
21:30
the magic魔法 of it.
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1167
21:32
It's a story故事 that was told to me
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這是個我輾轉聽到的故事,
21:36
by somebody who had
heard聽說 it just from one --
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可能是真人實事,
21:38
probably大概 a true真正 story故事.
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有一位研究生—我在Rutgers執教,而我兩位同事—
21:41
It was a graduate畢業 student學生 --
I'm at Rutgers羅格斯 and my two colleagues同事 --
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21:44
Art藝術 Aron阿隆 is at SUNYSUNY Stony斯托尼 Brook.
414
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1976
Art Aaron 是在 SUNY Stonybrook,
21:46
That's where we put our people
in the MRIMRI machine.
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那是我們進行MRI掃描機台測驗的地方。
21:49
And this graduate畢業 student學生 was madly發狂
in love with another另一個 graduate畢業 student學生,
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這位研究生瘋狂的愛上另一位研究生,
但是她不愛他。
21:54
and she was not in love with him.
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有一次他們一起去北京參加會議,
21:58
And they were
all at a conference會議 in Beijing北京.
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這位研究生從我們所做的研究中知道,如果你和某人去玩些新奇的事物,
22:01
And he knew知道 from our work
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3034
22:04
that if you go and do something
very novel小說 with somebody,
420
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4408
大腦中的多巴胺會增多,
22:08
you can drive駕駛 up
the dopamine多巴胺 in the brain,
421
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2001
22:10
and perhaps也許 trigger觸發 this brain
system系統 for romantic浪漫 love.
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3693
有機會觸動大腦點起浪漫愛情之火。
22:14
(Laughter笑聲)
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所以他決定動手實作,
22:16
So he decided決定 he'd他會 put science科學 to work.
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邀請這位女孩和他來一趟黃包車之旅。
22:21
And he invited邀請 this girl女孩 to go off
on a rickshaw黃包車 ride with him.
425
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3334
22:25
And sure enough足夠 -- I've never been in one,
426
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2069
當然,我沒坐過黃包車,
22:27
but apparently顯然地 they go
all around the buses公共汽車 and the trucks卡車
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2738
但顯然他們沿途要閃過許多巴士、卡車,
很驚險很吵很興奮。
22:30
and it's crazy and it's noisy嘈雜
and it's exciting扣人心弦.
428
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2818
他想這必定能讓多巴胺增多,
22:33
He figured想通 that this would drive駕駛 up
the dopamine多巴胺,
429
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2286
然後,她就會愛上他了。
22:35
and she'd fall秋季 in love with him.
430
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1532
於是他們上了路,她時而尖叫,時而緊摟他,
22:37
So off they go and she's squealing尖叫
and squeezing擠壓 him
431
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4974
笑聲不斷的共度非常好的一段時光。
22:42
and laughing and having a wonderful精彩 time.
432
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2517
22:44
An hour小時 later後來 they get down
off of the rickshaw黃包車,
433
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3539
一小時候他們從黃包車上下來了,
22:48
and she throws her hands up and she says,
434
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女孩子高舉雙手興奮的說,「搭黃包車真是好玩!」
22:51
"Wasn't that wonderful精彩?"
435
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2312
「你看你看,那個拉黃包車的司機,真的是,多帥啊!」
22:54
And, "Wasn't that rickshaw黃包車
driver司機 handsome英俊!"
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22:57
(Laughter笑聲)
437
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3069
(笑聲)(掌聲)
23:00
(Applause掌聲)
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6031
23:06
There's magic魔法 to love!
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愛的魔力!
23:07
(Applause掌聲)
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百萬年前開始,我們演化了三種基本的需求動力,
23:09
But I will end結束 by saying
that millions百萬 of years年份 ago,
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3620
23:13
we evolved進化 three basic基本 drives驅動器:
442
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性慾動力、浪漫愛情動力、以及和長期伴侶互相依存,
23:15
the sex性別 drive駕駛, romantic浪漫 love
443
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2519
23:18
and attachment附件 to a long-term長期 partner夥伴.
444
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這些迴路深植在人體大腦中,
23:20
These circuits電路 are deeply
embedded嵌入式 in the human人的 brain.
445
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3079
人類存活多久,這些迴路也將存活多久,
23:24
They're going to survive生存
as long as our species種類 survives生存
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存活在這莎士比亞說「終究將歸於死亡的皮囊」中。
23:28
on what Shakespeare莎士比亞 called
"this mortal凡人 coil."
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謝謝大家。 (掌聲)
23:31
Thank you.
448
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23:32
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: Helen海倫 Fisher費舍爾!
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23:33
(Applause掌聲)
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Translated by Lauren Huang
Reviewed by Alex M. Chang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Helen Fisher - Anthropologist, expert on love
Anthropologist Helen Fisher studies gender differences and the evolution of human emotions. She’s best known as an expert on romantic love.

Why you should listen

Fisher's several books lay bare the mysteries of our most treasured emotion: its evolution, its biochemical foundations and its vital importance to human society. Fisher describes love as a universal human drive (stronger than the sex drive; stronger than thirst or hunger; stronger perhaps than the will to live), and her many areas of inquiry shed light on timeless human mysteries like why we choose one partner over another. Her classic study, Anatomy of Love, first published in 1992, has just been re-issued in a fully updated edition, including her recent neuroimaging research on lust, romantic love and attachment as well as discussions of sexting, hooking up, friends with benefits, other contemporary trends in courtship and marriage, and a dramatic current trend she calls “slow love.”

More profile about the speaker
Helen Fisher | Speaker | TED.com