Mission Blue II
Mike Velings: The case for fish farming
麥克．飛凌斯: 養殖魚類的案例
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我們正邁向一個全球的糧食危機：將近30億人口依賴海洋食物，但目前的狀況，我們的過度捕撈已經超過海洋本身的自然替換量。在這個充滿實據、大開眼界的談話中，企業家兼環保人士的麥克．飛凌斯（Mike Velings）提出一個解決方法：水產養殖，或者魚類養殖。＂我們現在對待海洋必須像個農夫一樣，而不是獵人。＂他引用 Jacques Cousteau的話說。＂那一天即將到來，人們將會要求在他們的餐碟上是養殖魚類，那是養得好、養得健康-的魚，並拒絕任何不健康的東西。
Mike Velings - Entrepreneur and conservationist
Mike Velings understands the potential for business to create durable solutions to complex world problems. Full bio
Mike Velings understands the potential for business to create durable solutions to complex world problems. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So I come from the tallest
people on the planet --
people on the planet --
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我來自地球最高人種的國家--
00:15
the Dutch.
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荷蘭。
但不是只有荷蘭這樣。
00:17
It hasn't always been this way.
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00:19
In fact, all across the globe,
people have been gaining height.
people have been gaining height.
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事實上，全世界的人都在長高。
過去的 150 年，
00:22
In the last 150 years,
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00:23
in developed countries,
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在已開發國家中，
00:25
on average, we have gotten
10 centimeters taller.
10 centimeters taller.
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我們身高平均已經多了 10 公分。
00:28
And scientists have a lot
of theories about why this is,
of theories about why this is,
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而科學家有很多有關於這方面的理論，
00:30
but almost all of them involve nutrition,
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但它們大部分都與營養有關，
00:33
namely the increase of dairy and meat.
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換句話說就是奶類與肉類。
在過去的 50 年，
00:36
In the last 50 years,
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00:37
global meat consumption
has more than quadrupled,
has more than quadrupled,
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全球肉類的消費增長已經超過 4 倍，
00:40
from 71 million tons to 310 million tons.
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從七千一百萬萬噸
上升到三億一千萬噸。
上升到三億一千萬噸。
00:44
Something similar has been going on
with milk and eggs.
with milk and eggs.
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牛奶和雞蛋也有相同的情況。
00:48
In every society where incomes have risen,
so has protein consumption.
so has protein consumption.
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在每個收入增加的社會，
蛋白質的消耗量也跟著增加。
蛋白質的消耗量也跟著增加。
00:53
And we know that globally,
we are getting richer.
we are getting richer.
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我們知道全世界的人越來越有錢。
00:56
And as the middle class is on the rise,
so is our global population,
so is our global population,
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當中產階級人口上升，
全球的人口也跟著上升，
全球的人口也跟著上升，
00:59
from 7 billion of us today
to 9.7 billion by 2050,
to 9.7 billion by 2050,
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到2050年之前，全球人口會從
70 億增加到 97 億。
70 億增加到 97 億。
01:04
which means that by 2050,
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也就是說，在 2050 年前，
01:05
we are going to need at least
70 percent more protein
70 percent more protein
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我們需要的蛋白質
01:08
than what is available to humankind today.
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比現在供應給全人類的至少多出70％。
01:11
And the latest prediction of the UN
puts that population number,
puts that population number,
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根據聯合國的最新預測，
到這個世紀末，人口數量會來到110億，
01:14
by the end of this century, at 11 billion,
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01:16
which means that we are going
to need a lot more protein.
to need a lot more protein.
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意思就是我們會需要
相當多的蛋白質。
相當多的蛋白質。
這個挑戰很驚人--
01:21
This challenge is staggering --
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01:22
so much so, that recently,
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這麼的多，所以最近，
01:24
a team at Anglia Ruskin
Global Sustainability Institute suggested
Global Sustainability Institute suggested
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安格利亞魯斯金的
全球可持續發展研究所的一個小組表示，
全球可持續發展研究所的一個小組表示，
01:27
that if we don't change
our global policies
our global policies
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如果我們不改變
我們全球食物生產的政策，
01:29
and food production systems,
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01:31
our societies might actually collapse
in the next 30 years.
in the next 30 years.
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我們的社會在下一個 30 年
也許真的會崩潰。
也許真的會崩潰。
01:36
Currently, our ocean serves
as the main source of animal protein.
as the main source of animal protein.
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目前，我們的海洋是
動物性蛋白質的主要來源。
動物性蛋白質的主要來源。
01:40
Over 2.6 billion people
depend on it every single day.
depend on it every single day.
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超過 26 億人口，每天都要依賴它生活。
與此同時，
01:45
At the same time,
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01:46
our global fisheries
are two-and-a-half times larger
are two-and-a-half times larger
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我們目前的全球漁穫
01:49
than what our oceans
can sustainably support,
can sustainably support,
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是我們海洋可持續
供應量的兩倍半。
供應量的兩倍半。
01:51
meaning that humans take
far more fish from the ocean
far more fish from the ocean
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意思就是，人類從海洋取得的漁穫
遠遠超過
海洋本身的自然替換量。
海洋本身的自然替換量。
01:54
than the oceans can naturally replace.
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01:56
WWF recently published a report
showing that just in the last 40 years,
showing that just in the last 40 years,
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WWF 世界野生動物基金會
最近發表一篇報告指出近 40 年，
最近發表一篇報告指出近 40 年，
全球海洋生物數量已經被削減了一半。
02:01
our global marine life
has been slashed in half.
has been slashed in half.
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02:04
And another recent report suggests
that of our largest predatory species,
that of our largest predatory species,
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另外最新一份報告表示，
我們最大的捕食性魚類，
我們最大的捕食性魚類，
像是劍魚和藍鰭鮪魚，
02:09
such as swordfish and bluefin tuna,
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02:11
over 90 percent has disappeared
since the 1950s.
since the 1950s.
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從1950年代以來，超過 90% 已經消失。
02:15
And there are a lot of great, sustainable
fishing initiatives across the planet
fishing initiatives across the planet
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全球有很多規模很大，
可持續水產創業家
可持續水產創業家
02:19
working towards better practices
and better-managed fisheries.
and better-managed fisheries.
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正朝更好的實務經驗與漁業管理邁進。
02:23
But ultimately,
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但最終，
02:24
all of these initiatives are working
towards keeping current catch constant.
towards keeping current catch constant.
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這些業者若一直
保持不變的漁獲量繼續捕撈，
保持不變的漁獲量繼續捕撈，
那麼，
02:28
It's unlikely,
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02:29
even with the best-managed fisheries,
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即使有最好的漁業管理，
02:31
that we are going to be able to take
much more from the ocean
much more from the ocean
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我們也不太可能從海洋捕獲
比現今更多的漁獲量。
02:34
than we do today.
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02:35
We have to stop plundering
our oceans the way we have.
our oceans the way we have.
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我們必須停止用同樣的方式
掠奪我們的海洋，
掠奪我們的海洋，
02:38
We need to alleviate the pressure on it.
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我們必須減輕海洋的壓力。
02:40
And we are at a point
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我們現在正在一個轉捩點上，
如果我們為了更多的魚獲量
而拼命捕獲，
而拼命捕獲，
02:42
where if we push much harder
for more produce,
for more produce,
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02:44
we might face total collapse.
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可能會面臨全面性的崩盤。
02:47
Our current systems are not going to feed
a growing global population.
a growing global population.
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我們目前的系統無法滿足
全球持續成長的人口。
全球持續成長的人口。
所以，我們要如何修正呢？
02:52
So how do we fix this?
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02:54
What's the world going to look like
in just 35 short years
in just 35 short years
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如果多出的 27 億人口，
享用同樣的資源，
享用同樣的資源，
02:56
when there's 2.7 billion more of us
sharing the same resources?
sharing the same resources?
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那麼往後的35年，世界會變怎麼樣？
03:01
We could all become vegan.
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我們可以都變成素食者。
03:02
Sounds like a great idea,
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聽起來這主意不錯，
03:04
but it's not realistic
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但不實際，
03:06
and it's impossibly hard
to mandate globally.
to mandate globally.
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而且根本不可能命令全世界人食素。
03:08
People are eating animal protein
whether we like it or not.
whether we like it or not.
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不管我們喜不喜歡，
人們仍舊食用動物性蛋白。
人們仍舊食用動物性蛋白。
03:12
And suppose we fail to change our ways
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假設我們不改變我們的方式，
03:14
and continue on the current path,
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繼續走原路，
03:16
failing to meet demands.
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那肯定無法滿足需求。
03:18
The World Health Organization
recently reported
recently reported
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WHO 全球衛生組織最近報告，
03:20
that 800 million people are suffering
from malnutrition and food shortage,
from malnutrition and food shortage,
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目前有 8 億人口正苦於
營養不良與食物短缺。
營養不良與食物短缺。
03:24
which is due to that same
growing, global population
growing, global population
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原因就是不斷成長的全球人口，
03:28
and the declining access to resources
like water, energy and land.
like water, energy and land.
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及可用資源的下降，
像是水、能源、土地。
像是水、能源、土地。
用點想像力，就可以描繪出，
03:33
It takes very little imagination
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03:35
to picture a world of global unrest,
riots and further malnutrition.
riots and further malnutrition.
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一個動盪、暴亂和更多營養不良的世界。
03:40
People are hungry,
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人們受飢餓，
03:41
and we are running dangerously low
on natural resources.
on natural resources.
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而且，我們的自然資源快要用完。
03:45
For so, so many reasons,
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因此，這麼多的原因，
03:46
we need to change our global
food production systems.
food production systems.
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我們必須改變全球的食物生產系統。
我們必須做得更好，
03:50
We must do better
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03:51
and there is a solution.
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而且有一個解決方案。
03:52
And that solution lies in aquaculture --
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而這個解決方案就是水產養殖--
03:55
the farming of fish, plants like seaweed,
shellfish and crustaceans.
shellfish and crustaceans.
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養殖魚類、像海藻植物、
貝類和甲殼類動物。
貝類和甲殼類動物。
03:59
As the great ocean hero
Jacques Cousteau once said,
Jacques Cousteau once said,
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偉大的海洋英雄
Jacques Cousteau 曾經說過，
Jacques Cousteau 曾經說過，
04:02
"We must start using the ocean
as farmers instead of hunters.
as farmers instead of hunters.
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「我們現在對待海洋必須像個
農夫一樣，而不是獵人。
農夫一樣，而不是獵人。
04:05
That's what civilization is all about --
farming instead of hunting."
farming instead of hunting."
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這是身為公民應該做的事--
養殖取代捕撈。」
養殖取代捕撈。」
魚類是我們最後才能獵殺的食物。
04:09
Fish is the last food that we hunt.
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04:12
And why is it that we keep
hearing phrases like,
hearing phrases like,
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而為什麼我們一直聽到這些話，像是，
04:15
"Life's too short for farmed fish,"
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" 生命如此短促，不值得去養魚。"
04:17
or, "Wild-caught, of course!"
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或者 " 當然要野生捕捉！"
04:19
over fish that we know
virtually nothing about?
virtually nothing about?
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魚的一生，我們幾乎都不懂吧？
04:21
We don't know what it ate
during its lifetime,
during its lifetime,
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我們不知道它這一生中，吃了甚麼，
04:23
and we don't know what
pollution it encounters.
pollution it encounters.
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我們也不知道，它受到了甚麼污染，
04:25
And if it was a large predatory species,
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如果它是大型的肉食種類，
04:27
it might have gone through the coast
of Fukushima yesterday.
of Fukushima yesterday.
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它很有可能昨天才剛經過
日本福島的海岸。
日本福島的海岸。
04:30
We don't know.
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我們不知道，
04:31
Very few people realize
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很少人知道
04:33
the traceability in fisheries
never goes beyond the hunter
never goes beyond the hunter
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漁業的追蹤技術永遠追不上
04:37
that caught the wild animal.
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獵人打獵的技術技術。
04:38
But let's back up for a second
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讓我們回到剛剛提到的話題，
04:40
and talk about why fish
is the best food choice.
is the best food choice.
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並講一下為甚麼魚是最好的食物選擇？
04:42
It's healthy,
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它對人類身體健康有益，
04:43
it prevents heart disease,
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可以避免心臟疾病，
04:45
it provides key amino acids
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也是提供氨基酸的主要主要來源，
04:46
and key fatty acids like Omega-3s,
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和主要脂肪酸 例如Omega-3 ，
04:49
which is very different from almost
any other type of meat.
any other type of meat.
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與其他種類的肉非常不一樣，
04:52
And aside from being healthy,
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更不用說吃了會健康，
04:53
it's also a lot more exciting and diverse.
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而且它種類繁多，生氣勃勃。
04:56
Think about it -- most animal farming
is pretty monotonous.
is pretty monotonous.
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思考一下--大部分畜牧業
都非常雷同單調乏味，
都非常雷同單調乏味，
04:59
Cow is cow, sheep is sheep, pig's pig,
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牛就是牛、羊就是羊、豬就是豬，
05:02
and poultry -- turkey, duck, chicken --
pretty much sums it up.
pretty much sums it up.
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和家禽--火雞、鴨、雞--
幾乎就是這幾樣而已。
幾乎就是這幾樣而已。
05:06
And then there's 500 species of fish
being farmed currently.
being farmed currently.
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但目前大約有500種魚類被養殖著。
05:11
not that Western supermarkets
reflect that on their shelves,
reflect that on their shelves,
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並非西方社會超級市場架上
展示的那一些產品，
展示的那一些產品，
05:14
but that's beside that point.
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但這不是重點。
05:15
And you can farm fish
in a very healthy manner
in a very healthy manner
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你可以用非常健康的方式養殖魚類，
05:18
that's good for us, good for the planet
and good for the fish.
and good for the fish.
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這對我們是有益的、
對地球跟魚類都是好的。
對地球跟魚類都是好的。
我知道我聽起來像個魚痴--
05:22
I know I sound fish-obsessed --
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05:24
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:26
Let me explain:
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讓我解釋一下：
05:27
My brilliant partner and wife,
Amy Novograntz, and I got involved
Amy Novograntz, and I got involved
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我聰明的太太，Amy Novograntz 和我，
幾年前一起踏入水產養殖業。
05:30
in aquaculture a couple of years ago.
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05:32
We were inspired by Sylvia Earle,
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我們是受 Sylvia Earle 啟發，
05:34
who won the TED Prize in 2009.
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她是 2009 年TED的年度獲獎者。
05:37
We actually met on Mission Blue I
in the Galapagos.
in the Galapagos.
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我們實際是在 Galapagos 的
藍色 1 號任務相識。
藍色 1 號任務相識。
Amy是 TED 獎項的負責人；
05:41
Amy was there as the TED Prize Director;
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05:43
me, an entrepreneur from the Netherlands
and concerned citizen,
and concerned citizen,
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我，一個來自荷蘭的企業家，關心社會的公民，
05:46
love to dive, passion for the oceans.
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喜歡潛水、熱愛海洋。
05:49
Mission Blue truly changed our lives.
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藍色任務真的改變了我們的生命，
05:51
We fell in love,
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我們相戀、
05:52
got married
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結婚，
05:54
and we came away really inspired,
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一路走來我們備受鼓舞，
05:56
thinking we really want to do something
about ocean conservation --
about ocean conservation --
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並很想為
海洋保護做點事情，
海洋保護做點事情，
05:59
something that was meant to last,
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一些可足夠維持、
06:01
that could make a real difference
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能真正改變的事情，
06:04
and something that we could do together.
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一些我們可以一起做的事情。
06:07
Little did we expect that that would
lead us to fish farming.
lead us to fish farming.
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沒想到這會引領
我們來到魚類養殖的領域。
我們來到魚類養殖的領域。
但我們下船後幾個月，
06:11
But a few months after
we got off the boat,
we got off the boat,
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06:13
we got to a meeting
at Conservation International,
at Conservation International,
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出席國際保護協會的一個聚會，
06:16
where the Director General of WorldFish
was talking about aquaculture,
was talking about aquaculture,
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會上世界漁業總局的局長進行一次有關水產養殖的演講，
06:20
asking a room full of environmentalists
to stop turning from it,
to stop turning from it,
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要求場內眾多的環保人仕不要迴避這個議題，
06:24
realize what was going on
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先了解發生了甚麼事，
06:26
and to really get involved
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然後再投入參與，
06:27
because aquaculture has the potential
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因為水產養殖有潛力
06:29
to be just what our oceans
and populations need.
and populations need.
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同時滿足大海與人類的需求。
當我們聽到數字時，嚇了一跳，
06:33
We were stunned when we heard the stats
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06:35
that we didn't know more
about this industry already
about this industry already
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我們不知道這個產業
已經到達這種種況，
已經到達這種種況，
06:37
and excited about the chance
to help get it right.
to help get it right.
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而且對幫助這個產業
扶正感到相當興奮。
扶正感到相當興奮。
談到統計數字--
06:41
And to talk about stats --
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06:42
right now, the amount of fish
consumed globally,
consumed globally,
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目前，全球魚類的消費，
06:45
wild catch and farmed combined,
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包括野生獵捕與養殖的，
06:47
is twice the tonnage
of the total amount of beef
of the total amount of beef
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去年全球的總噸數是牛肉的兩倍，
06:50
produced on planet earth last year.
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全球的捕漁船，
不管小的、大的加總起來
不管小的、大的加總起來
06:52
Every single fishing vessel combined,
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2307
06:54
small and large, across the globe,
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每年共要捕撈野生海鮮
6500 萬噸供全人類消費。
6500 萬噸供全人類消費。
06:56
together produce about 65 million tons
of wild-caught seafood
of wild-caught seafood
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07:00
for human consumption.
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07:02
Aquaculture this year,
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養殖漁業今年的產量，
07:03
for the first time in history,
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從有歷史紀錄以來，
07:05
actually produces more
than what we catch from the wild.
than what we catch from the wild.
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第一次突破我們從海洋捕撈的總量。
但現在是這樣：
07:08
But now this:
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07:10
Demand is going to go up.
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需求一直上升，
07:12
In the next 35 years,
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在未來的 35 年，
07:13
we are going to need an additional
85 million tons to meet demand,
85 million tons to meet demand,
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我們還需要額外的
8500 萬公噸來滿足需求，
8500 萬公噸來滿足需求，
07:18
which is one-and-a-half times
as much, almost,
as much, almost,
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差不多是 1.5 倍於
07:21
as what we catch globally
out of our oceans.
out of our oceans.
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我們從全球海洋捕撈的總重量，
07:25
An enormous number.
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相當大的數字，
07:26
It's safe to assume that that's not
going to come from the ocean.
going to come from the ocean.
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可以肯定這些捕撈量不可能全部來自海洋。
07:29
It needs to come from farming.
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它需要來自養殖。
07:32
And talk about farming --
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而談到養殖業--
07:33
for farming you need resources.
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1967
養殖也需要資源。
07:36
As a human needs to eat
to grow and stay alive,
to grow and stay alive,
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就像人類，需要每天吃東西
長大維持生命一樣，
長大維持生命一樣，
07:39
so does an animal.
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所以動物也一樣。
07:40
A cow needs to eat
eight to nine pounds of feed
eight to nine pounds of feed
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一隻牛需要吃 8~9 磅 的飼料，
07:43
and drink almost 8,000 liters of water
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2451
以及 8000 公升的水，
07:46
to create just one pound of meat.
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才能產出 1 磅的肉。
07:48
Experts agree that it's impossible
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專家同意
利用養牛的方式來滿足全球的需求是不可能的。
07:50
to farm cows for every
inhabitant on this planet.
inhabitant on this planet.
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07:53
We just don't have enough feed or water.
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我們根本沒有足夠的飼料與水源。
07:56
And we can't keep cutting down
rain forests for it.
rain forests for it.
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而且我們不能因此而砍掉
雨林來滿足這個需求。
雨林來滿足這個需求。
07:59
And fresh water -- planet earth
has a very limited supply.
has a very limited supply.
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還有新鮮的水--
地球能提供的量相當有限。
地球能提供的量相當有限。
08:02
We need something more efficient
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我們需要更高效率的東西
08:04
to keep humankind alive on this planet.
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來讓地球的人類生存。
08:08
And now let's compare
that with fish farming.
that with fish farming.
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2147
現在，讓我們用這個
與水產養殖做比較。
與水產養殖做比較。
08:11
You can farm one pound of fish
with just one pound of feed,
with just one pound of feed,
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3938
你養殖一磅的魚只需要一磅的飼料，
08:15
and depending on species, even less.
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視乎不同的種類，有的甚至需要更少。
08:17
And why is that?
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為什麼會這樣？
08:20
Well, that's because fish,
first of all, float.
first of all, float.
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2769
嗯，因為魚畢竟是用飄浮的。
08:22
They don't need to stand around all day
resisting gravity like we do.
resisting gravity like we do.
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不用整天像我們一樣站立，需要對抗地心引力。
而且大部分的魚屬於冷血動物--
08:26
And most fish are cold-blooded --
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08:28
they don't need to heat themselves.
187
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牠們不需要自己䐘起來。
08:30
Fish chills.
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魚~冷!
08:31
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
08:33
And it needs very little water,
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1540
而它只要非常少量的水，
08:34
which is counterintuitive,
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這是違反常理，
08:35
but as we say,
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1387
但如我們所說的，
08:37
it swims in it but it hardly drinks it.
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2394
它在水裡游，幾乎不喝水的。
08:39
Fish are the most resource-efficient
animal protein available to humankind,
animal protein available to humankind,
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507820
4413
除了昆蟲，
魚也是人類攝取蛋白質
最有資源效率的食物。
最有資源效率的食物。
08:44
aside from insects.
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1435
08:47
How much we've learned since.
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515297
1614
我們目前了解多少？
08:49
For example, on top of that
65 million tons that's annually caught
65 million tons that's annually caught
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3437
例如，除了每年有6500萬噸的捕撈
08:52
for human consumption,
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520943
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供人類食用㚈
08:54
there's an additional 30 million tons
caught for animal feed,
caught for animal feed,
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3987
還有另外300萬噸的捕撈供動物飼料，
08:58
mostly sardines and anchovies
for the aquaculture industry
for the aquaculture industry
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526588
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大部分的沙丁魚和鳳尾魚，
是供水產養殖業用的，
是供水產養殖業用的，
09:02
that's turned into fish meal and fish oil.
201
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2037
但現在轉變成魚粉和魚油。
09:04
This is madness.
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這太瘋狂了。
09:06
Sixty-five percent of these fisheries,
globally, are badly managed.
globally, are badly managed.
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534548
3572
全球 65% 的這些補魚業者，
大部分都管理不好。
大部分都管理不好。
09:10
Some of the worst issues
of our time are connected to it.
of our time are connected to it.
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我們這世代最糟糕的事件都與他們有關。
09:12
It's destroying our oceans.
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1298
他們會毀掉我們的海洋。
09:14
The worst slavery issues
imaginable are connected to it.
imaginable are connected to it.
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542200
3018
想像到的最駭人的
奴工事件都與他們有關。
奴工事件都與他們有關。
09:17
Recently, an article came out of Stanford
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最近，一篇來自史丹福大學的文章
09:20
saying that if 50 percent
of the world's aquaculture industry
of the world's aquaculture industry
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指出，如果 50% 的全球水產養殖業者
09:23
would stop using fish meal,
209
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1302
可以停止使用魚粉，
09:24
our oceans would be saved.
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552759
1650
我們的海洋就有救了。
09:26
Now think about that for a minute.
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現在，思考一下。
09:28
Now, we know that the oceans
have far more problems --
have far more problems --
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3020
我們知道海洋有一大堆問題--
09:31
they have pollution,
there's acidification,
there's acidification,
213
559560
2785
有污染、有酸化、
09:34
coral reef destruction and so on.
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562369
1583
珊瑚礁破壞...等等。
09:35
But it underlines the impact
of our fisheries,
of our fisheries,
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2537
但它突顯了對我們漁業的影響、
09:38
and it underlines how
interconnected everything is.
interconnected everything is.
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566537
2575
它也突顯了對每件事
相互牽連的的影響。
相互牽連的的影響。
09:41
Fisheries, aquaculture, deforestation,
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3616
漁業、水產養殖、森林濫伐、
09:45
climate change, food security and so on.
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573248
3034
氣候變化、食物安全...等等。
魚產業為了尋找替代品，
09:48
In the search for alternatives,
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576834
1502
09:50
the industry, on a massive scale,
220
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大規模地
09:52
has reverted to plant-based alternatives
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2163
已經恢復到以植物為基礎的替代品，
09:54
like soy, industrial chicken waste,
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2853
像是大豆、產業雞糞、
09:57
blood meal from slaughterhouses
223
585503
1842
來自屠宰場的血粉
09:59
and so on.
224
587369
1255
...等等。
10:00
And we understand where
these choices come from,
these choices come from,
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2464
而我們知道這些選擇來自哪裡，
10:03
but this is not the right approach.
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但這不是正確的方法，
10:05
It's not sustainable,
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1255
這樣不穩定。
10:06
it's not healthy.
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594568
1174
不健康。
10:07
Have you ever seen a chicken
at the bottom of the ocean?
at the bottom of the ocean?
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2663
你有看過雞在海底的嗎？
10:10
Of course not.
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1351
當然沒有，
10:11
If you feed salmon soy with nothing else,
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如果你只餵大豆給鮭魚吃，
10:14
it literally explodes.
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1762
它會直接爆炸。
10:16
Salmon is a carnivore,
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1152
因為鮭魚是肉食性動物，
10:17
it has no way to digest soy.
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605639
1895
他沒有辦法消化大豆。
10:21
Now, fish farming is by far
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609049
2122
目前為止，魚類養殖是人類
10:23
the best animal farming
available to humankind.
available to humankind.
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最佳的動物養殖方式。
10:25
But it's had a really bad reputation.
237
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2372
但是聲譽欠佳，
過量使用化學品，
10:28
There's been excessive use of chemicals,
238
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2179
10:30
there's been virus and disease
transfered to wild populations,
transfered to wild populations,
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已經把病毒和疾病傳染給野生的動種、
10:33
ecosystem destruction and pollution,
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做成生態破壞和污染，
10:36
escaped fish breeding
with wild populations,
with wild populations,
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逃避使用野生物種進行餵食
10:38
altering the overall genetic pool,
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2000
改變了整體的基因庫、
10:40
and then of course, as just mentioned,
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然後，當然，如剛剛提的，
10:42
the unsustainable feed ingredients.
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2079
不穩定的餵食成分。
當我們可以享受盤裡的美食時，
10:45
How blessed were the days
245
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1243
10:46
when we could just enjoy
food that was on our plate,
food that was on our plate,
246
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那會是多麼幸福的一天啊！
10:49
whatever it was.
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1205
無論它是甚麼都沒關係！
10:50
Once you know, you know.
248
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1539
一但你懂、你了解。
10:52
You can't go back.
249
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1206
你就回不去了、
10:53
It's not fun.
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1151
這並不好笑。
10:54
We really need a transparent food
system that we can trust,
system that we can trust,
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我們需要一個值得信賴的
透明食物系統。
透明食物系統。
10:58
that produces healthy food.
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1674
可以生產健康食品。
11:00
But the good news is
253
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1199
但，好消息是，
11:01
that decades of development and research
254
649949
2913
幾十年來的研究發展
11:04
have led to a lot of new
technologies and knowledge
technologies and knowledge
255
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2462
已經創造了很多的新科技及知識，
11:07
that allow us to do a lot better.
256
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1812
可以讓我們做得更好。
11:09
We can now farm fish
without any of these issues.
without any of these issues.
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2646
我們現在可以無後顧之憂的養殖魚類。
11:12
I think of agriculture
before the green revolution --
before the green revolution --
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2881
我在綠色革命之前就思考過水產養殖--
11:15
we are at aquaculture
and the blue revolution.
and the blue revolution.
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663453
3023
我們正處在水產業及藍色革命的點上。
新的科技技術意味著，
11:19
New technologies means
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667817
1237
11:21
that we can now produce a feed
that's perfectly natural,
that's perfectly natural,
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3568
我們現在可以用最少的生態需要面積，
來生產由微生物、昆蟲、海藻、
11:24
with a minimal footprint
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672670
1184
11:25
that consists of microbes, insects,
seaweeds and micro-algae.
seaweeds and micro-algae.
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673878
3945
微型藻所組成的純天然飼料，
它們對人體是健康的。
11:30
Healthy for the people,
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1303
11:32
healthy for the fish,
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1151
它們對魚類是健康的，
11:33
healthy for the planet.
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681191
1321
對地球也是健康的。
例如，微生物
11:35
Microbes, for example,
267
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1150
11:36
can be a perfect alternative
for high-grade fish meal --
for high-grade fish meal --
268
684467
2849
如果大規模生產，
可以成為一個完美的高檔魚飼料替代品。
11:39
at scale.
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687340
1155
11:40
Insects are the --
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2083
昆蟲是--
11:42
well, first of all, the perfect recycling
271
690908
1961
是的，首先，它可以循環再生，
11:44
because they're grown on food waste;
272
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1730
因為它們是吃廚餘長大的；
11:46
but second,
273
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1152
但第二，
11:47
think of fly-fishing,
274
695823
1151
想一下飛蠅釣，
11:48
and you know how logical
it actually is to use it as fish feed.
it actually is to use it as fish feed.
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3313
你就知道為什麼它其實
可以成為魚飼料的原因。
可以成為魚飼料的原因。
11:52
You don't need large tracts of land for it
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2023
你不需要為它找大片土地，
11:54
and you don't need
to cut down rain forests for it.
to cut down rain forests for it.
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2410
你也不用為它砍掉大片雨林。
11:57
And microbes and insects are actually
net water producers.
net water producers.
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3089
而微生物及昆蟲實際上就是網路水製造者。
就如我們所說的，這個革命已經開始，
12:01
This revolution is starting as we speak,
279
709509
2229
12:03
it just needs scale.
280
711762
1477
它只需要大規模生產。
12:06
We can now farm far more
species than ever before
species than ever before
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714492
3067
我們可以比過去養殖更多的種類，
12:09
in controlled, natural conditions,
creating happy fish.
creating happy fish.
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3637
而且是在受管控、
天然條件下製造開心的魚。
天然條件下製造開心的魚。
我在想、例如，
12:13
I imagine, for example,
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1284
12:15
a closed system that's performing
more efficiently than insect farming,
more efficiently than insect farming,
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5608
一個比養殖昆蟲表現更有效率的封閉系統，
12:20
where you can produce
healthy, happy, delicious fish
healthy, happy, delicious fish
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讓你可以產出健康、開心、好吃的魚，
12:24
with little or no effluent,
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用一個只有一點點或無污染、
12:25
almost no energy and almost no water
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幾乎不需要能源及水、
最少的生態面積的自然餵食方式。
最少的生態面積的自然餵食方式。
12:27
and a natural feed
with a minimal footprint.
with a minimal footprint.
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12:31
Or a system where you grow
up to 10 species next to each other --
up to 10 species next to each other --
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或者你可以養殖一個模仿自然，
12:34
off of each other,
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一個接一個的
12:35
mimicking nature.
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10 種品種以上的系統。
你只需要非常少的餵食，
12:37
You need very little feed,
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12:39
very little footprint.
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非常少的生態面積。
12:40
I think of seaweed growing
off the effluent of fish, for example.
off the effluent of fish, for example.
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例如，我有想到海藻與魚
共生的封閉系統。
共生的封閉系統。
全球有很多偉大的科技陸續推出。
12:46
There's great technologies
popping up all over the globe.
popping up all over the globe.
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12:49
From alternatives to battle disease
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從替代方式到對抗疾病，
12:51
so we don't need antibiotics
and chemicals anymore,
and chemicals anymore,
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那我們就再也不需要抗生素或化學藥劑，
12:54
to automated feeders that feel
when the fish are hungry,
when the fish are hungry,
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到自動餵食系統，
它可以感覺到魚甚麼時候會餓，
它可以感覺到魚甚麼時候會餓，
12:58
so we can save on feed
and create less pollution.
and create less pollution.
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如此我們就可以減少餵食，
並製造更少的污染。
並製造更少的污染。
13:02
Software systems that gather
data across farms,
data across farms,
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軟體系統收集整個魚田的資料，
13:04
so we can improve farm practices.
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讓我們可以改善養殖的實務流程。
13:07
There's really cool stuff
happening all over the globe.
happening all over the globe.
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全世界真的有很多很酷的東西在發生。
但請別誤會--今日這些事情
是有可能讓一個養殖業者
是有可能讓一個養殖業者
13:10
And make no mistake --
all of these things are possible
all of these things are possible
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13:13
at a cost that's competitive
to what a farmer spends today.
to what a farmer spends today.
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在有競爭力的成本下完成的。
13:17
Tomorrow, there will be no excuse
for anyone to not do the right thing.
for anyone to not do the right thing.
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明天，每個人就沒有理由說不做正確的事。
所以有些人需要整合這些連結點，
13:22
So somebody needs to connect the dots
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13:24
and give these developments
a big kick in the butt.
a big kick in the butt.
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並給這些發展在屁股上用力一踢。
13:27
And that's what we've been working on
the last couple of years,
the last couple of years,
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而這就是我們最近幾年在做的事，
13:30
and that's what we need
to be working on together --
to be working on together --
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這也是我們需要一起工作的原因--
13:33
rethinking everything from the ground up,
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從最基礎開始，重新思考每件事，
13:35
with a holistic view
across the value chain,
across the value chain,
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用一個橫跨整個價值鏈的
歷史角度去思考，
歷史角度去思考，
13:37
connecting all these things
across the globe,
across the globe,
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跟隨願意分享共同願景的
13:40
alongside great entrepreneurs
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偉大企業家，
13:42
that are willing to share
a collective vision.
a collective vision.
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把全世界這些事情連結起來。
13:45
Now is the time to create
change in this industry
change in this industry
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現在就是改變這個產業的最佳刻，
13:48
and to push it into
a sustainable direction.
a sustainable direction.
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並把它推向一個永續發展的方向。
13:50
This industry is still young,
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這個產業仍然很年輕，
13:52
much of its growth is still ahead.
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前頭仍有很大的成長空間。
13:54
It's a big task, but not
as far-fetched as you might think.
as far-fetched as you might think.
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這是個大任務，但沒有你想像的那麼遙遠。
13:56
It's possible.
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它是有可能的。
13:59
So we need to take pressure off the ocean.
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所以我們需要釋放海洋的壓力。
14:01
We want to eat good and healthy.
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我們希望吃得好，吃得健康。
14:02
And if we eat an animal,
it needs to be one
it needs to be one
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如果我們要吃動物，
它必須是那個擁有開心
及健康生命的動物。
及健康生命的動物。
14:04
that had a happy and healthy life.
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14:06
We need to have a meal that we can trust,
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我們需要口分值得信賴的一餐，
14:08
live long lives.
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讓我們可以活得久。
14:10
And this is not just for people
in San Francisco or Northern Europe --
in San Francisco or Northern Europe --
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而這不僅是為了舊金山或北歐人民--
14:14
this is for all of us.
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這是為我們所有人。
14:16
Even in the poorest countries,
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甚至是最貧窮的國家，
14:18
it's not just about money.
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這與金錢無關。
14:19
People prefer something fresh
and healthy that they can trust
and healthy that they can trust
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人們喜歡他們信得過、
新鮮健康的東西，
新鮮健康的東西，
14:23
over something that comes from far away
that they know nothing about.
that they know nothing about.
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遠勝於來自遠方他們完全不懂得東西。
14:27
We're all the same.
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我們都一樣。
那一天會到來，
14:30
The day will come
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14:31
where people will realize -- no, demand --
farmed fish on their plate
farmed fish on their plate
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人們將會了解，並要求，
餐碟上是養殖魚類
餐碟上是養殖魚類
14:34
that's farmed well
and that's farmed healthy --
and that's farmed healthy --
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那是養得好、養得健康的魚。
並拒絕任何不健康的東西。
14:38
and refuse anything less.
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14:39
You can help speed this up.
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你可以幫助這件事情加速發展。
14:41
Ask questions when you order seafood.
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當你要點海鮮時，記得問問題。
14:43
Where does my fish come from?
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我的魚是來自哪裡？
14:45
Who raised it,
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誰養的？
14:46
and what did it eat?
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它吃了甚麼？
14:49
Information about where your fish
comes from and how it was produced
comes from and how it was produced
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有關於你的魚的來源以及
它如何生產出來的資訊，
它如何生產出來的資訊，
14:52
needs to be much more readily available.
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需要很容易取得。
14:55
And consumers need to put pressure
on the aquaculture industry
on the aquaculture industry
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而消費者需要施加更多的壓力
在水產養殖業上，
在水產養殖業上，
14:58
to do the right thing.
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給予水產養殖業他們去做正確的事。
15:00
So every time you order,
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所以，每次你點餐時，
15:02
ask for detail
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問清楚細節，
15:04
and show that you really care
about what you eat
about what you eat
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並展現出你真的很在意你吃的是甚麼
15:07
and what's been given to you.
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以及他們給你的是甚麼。
15:08
And eventually, they will listen.
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最後，他們會聽進去。
15:11
And all of us will benefit.
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而大家都會受惠，
15:13
Thank you.
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謝謝。
15:14
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mike Velings - Entrepreneur and conservationistMike Velings understands the potential for business to create durable solutions to complex world problems.
Why you should listen
Mike Velings is the co-founder and the driving force behind Aqua-Spark, a global investment fund for sustainable aquaculture, combining a healthy financial profit with environmental and social impact. A lifelong entrepreneur, Mike has spent decades jumpstarting a range of successful businesses. Among other ventures, he co-founded Connexie, which has helped catalyze a professional employment industry across the Netherlands.
Mike naturally combines his business background with environmental and social engagement. He understands the potential for business to create durable solutions to complex world problems. With this in mind, Mike founded Aqua-Spark, an investment company that assists entrepreneurs across the globe in realizing their visions of a startup with a world-changing element. Through Aqua-Spark he has invested in a broad range of ventures over the years — both in the developed and developing world.
Mike serves on several boards and is a member of the Conservation International’s Leadership Council as well as an Honorary Global Marine Fellow.
Mike Velings | Speaker | TED.com