TED2017
Ashton Applewhite: Let's end ageism
艾什頓·阿普洛懷特: 讓我們一起終結年齡歧視
Filmed:
Readability: 4.4
1,528,566 views
不是時光流逝使衰老變得如此艱難，是年齡歧視。年齡歧視讓我們和未來的自己、他人針鋒相對。艾什頓·阿普洛懷特呼籲人們戰勝恐懼，行動起來，反對最後一種社會習以為常的偏見。她說：「衰老不是一個需要解決的問題，也不是一種需要治療的疾病。衰老是自然的、有力的、終身的進程，它將我們聯結在一起。」
Ashton Applewhite - Author, activist
Ashton Applewhite asks us to look at ageism -- the assumption that older people are alike and that aging impoverishes us. Full bio
Ashton Applewhite asks us to look at ageism -- the assumption that older people are alike and that aging impoverishes us. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
What's one thing that every person
in this room is going to become?
in this room is going to become?
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在座的每個人都會變成什麼樣？
變老。
00:17
Older.
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00:18
And most of us are scared stiff
at the prospect.
at the prospect.
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而且大多數人一想到變老就嚇壞了。
00:20
How does that word make you feel?
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這個詞會讓你產生怎樣的感覺呢？
00:23
I used to feel the same way.
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我過去也有這樣的感受。
00:25
What was I most worried about?
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我曾經最擔心的是什麼呢？
00:27
Ending up drooling
in some grim institutional hallway.
in some grim institutional hallway.
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最終在養老院
陰冷的走廊上流著口水。
陰冷的走廊上流著口水。
00:31
And then I learned that only
four percent of older Americans
four percent of older Americans
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之後我了解到
只有 4% 的美國老年人，
只有 4% 的美國老年人，
00:34
are living in nursing homes,
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居住在養老院。
00:35
and the percentage is dropping.
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而且這個百分比正在下降。
00:38
What else was I worried about?
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我還曾擔心過什麼呢？
00:40
Dementia.
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失智症。
00:41
Turns out that most of us
can think just fine to the end.
can think just fine to the end.
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其實大多數人在去世前
都保持著正常的思考能力。
都保持著正常的思考能力。
失智症的比例也在下降。
00:44
Dementia rates are dropping, too.
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00:46
The real epidemic is anxiety
over memory loss.
over memory loss.
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真正的流行病是我們對失憶的焦慮。
00:49
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:51
I also figured that old people
were depressed
were depressed
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同時，我發現老人們是抑鬱沮喪的。
00:54
because they were old
and they were going to die soon.
and they were going to die soon.
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因為他們老了，
而且很快就會去世了。
而且很快就會去世了。
00:57
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:59
It turns out that the longer people live,
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其實人活的越長，
01:01
the less they fear dying,
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越無懼死亡。
01:02
and that people are happiest at
the beginnings and the end of their lives.
the beginnings and the end of their lives.
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而且人們在生命最初
和最末的階段是最開心的。
和最末的階段是最開心的。
01:06
It's called the U-curve of happiness,
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這被稱作 U 型幸福曲線。
01:08
and it's been borne out
by dozens of studies around the world.
by dozens of studies around the world.
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這個結論是由全世界許多研究產生的。
01:12
You don't have to be a Buddhist
or a billionaire.
or a billionaire.
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你不需要是佛教徒或者億萬富翁。
01:14
The curve is a function of the way
aging itself affects the brain.
aging itself affects the brain.
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這個曲線說明了
年齡自身對大腦的影響作用。
年齡自身對大腦的影響作用。
01:19
So I started feeling a lot better
about getting older,
about getting older,
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所以我開始對變老感覺好多了。
01:22
and I started obsessing about why
so few people know these things.
so few people know these things.
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然而我開始困擾
為什麼很少人明白這些道理。
為什麼很少人明白這些道理。
01:27
The reason is ageism:
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原因是：年齡主義。
01:29
discrimination and stereotyping
on the basis of age.
on the basis of age.
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針對年齡的歧視和刻板印象。
01:33
We experience it anytime someone assumes
we're too old for something,
we're too old for something,
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每時每刻都有人認為
我們太老了、不適合做某件事。
01:37
instead of finding out who we are
and what we're capable of,
and what we're capable of,
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而不是了解清楚
我們是怎樣的人，我們的能力如何。
01:40
or too young.
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或者是太年輕了，不適合做某事。
01:41
Ageism cuts both ways.
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年齡主義對兩方面都有影響。
01:44
All -isms are socially constructed
ideas -- racism, sexism, homophobia --
ideas -- racism, sexism, homophobia --
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所有「主義」都是
社會建構的觀念——
社會建構的觀念——
種族主義、性別歧視主義、
同性戀恐懼症。
同性戀恐懼症。
01:49
and that means we make them up,
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這意味著我們創造了這些觀念，
01:51
and they can change over time.
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而且它們能隨時間改變。
01:54
All these prejudices
pit us against each other
pit us against each other
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所有這些偏見使我們針鋒相對，
01:57
to maintain the status quo,
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只為維持現狀。
01:59
like auto workers in the US competing
against auto workers in Mexico
against auto workers in Mexico
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就像美國的汽車工人
和墨西哥的汽車工人互相競爭，
和墨西哥的汽車工人互相競爭，
02:03
instead of organizing for better wages.
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而不是聯合起來，爭取更高的薪酬。
（鼓掌）
02:06
(Applause)
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02:07
We know it's not OK to allocate
resources by race or by sex.
resources by race or by sex.
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我們知道不能
根據種族或性別分配資源，
根據種族或性別分配資源，
02:12
Why should it be OK to weigh
the needs of the young against the old?
the needs of the young against the old?
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那為什麼要將年輕人
和年長者的需求對立看待呢？
和年長者的需求對立看待呢？
02:16
All prejudice relies on "othering" --
seeing a group of people
seeing a group of people
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所有的偏見都來自於「他者」——
將一群人視為「他者」，
02:20
as other than ourselves:
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跟我們自身區別。
02:21
other race, other religion,
other nationality.
other nationality.
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他們來自其它的種族、
宗教信仰、國籍。
宗教信仰、國籍。
02:25
The strange thing about ageism:
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關於年齡主義，
有件很奇怪的事情是：
有件很奇怪的事情是：
02:27
that other is us.
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我們終將成為「他者。」
02:30
Ageism feeds on denial --
our reluctance to acknowledge
our reluctance to acknowledge
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年齡主義建立在否認之上——
我們不願意承認
我們不願意承認
02:33
that we are going to become
that older person.
that older person.
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我們終有一天也將成為老人。
02:36
It's denial when we try
to pass for younger
to pass for younger
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我們假裝自己還年輕，
02:39
or when we believe in anti-aging products,
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我們相信抗衰老產品，
02:42
or when we feel like our bodies
are betraying us,
are betraying us,
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我們感覺身體背叛了自己，
02:45
simply because they are changing.
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其實只是因為身體衰老了。
02:48
Why on earth do we stop celebrating
the ability to adapt and grow
the ability to adapt and grow
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我們究竟為什麼不再讚美自己
在進入生命新階段時
在進入生命新階段時
02:52
as we move through life?
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適應和成長的能力呢？
02:54
Why should aging well mean
struggling to look and move
struggling to look and move
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為什麼變老意味著
努力保持年輕時的容貌，
努力保持年輕時的容貌，
02:57
like younger versions of ourselves?
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像年輕時一樣行動？
02:59
It's embarrassing
to be called out as older
to be called out as older
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被別人稱作老年人是件
很尷尬的事情，
很尷尬的事情，
03:02
until we quit being embarrassed about it,
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除非我們不再
因為衰老而感到難為情。
因為衰老而感到難為情。
03:04
and it's not healthy to go through life
dreading our futures.
dreading our futures.
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而且對未來感到恐懼
也不是健康的生活方式。
也不是健康的生活方式。
03:07
The sooner we get off
this hamster wheel of age denial,
this hamster wheel of age denial,
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我們越早放下對衰老循環般的恐懼，
03:10
the better off we are.
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我們的生活就會越好。
03:13
Stereotypes are always
a mistake, of course,
a mistake, of course,
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當然，刻板印象常常是錯誤的
03:15
but especially when it comes to age,
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關於年齡的刻板印象尤其錯誤。
03:17
because the longer we live,
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因為我們越年長，
03:18
the more different
from one another we become.
from one another we become.
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就越來越不同於他人。
03:21
Right? Think about it.
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對嗎？想想看。
03:22
And yet, we tend to think of everyone
in a retirement home
in a retirement home
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但我們還是傾向於認為
養老院的所有人
養老院的所有人
03:25
as the same age: old --
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都是一樣的年紀：老年人。
03:27
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:28
when they can span four decades.
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儘管他們的年齡跨度有四十年。
03:31
Can you imagine thinking that way
about a group of people
about a group of people
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你能想像用這種方式來考慮
03:33
between the ages of 20 and 60?
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一組 20 歲到 60 歲之間的人嗎？
03:36
When you get to a party, do you head
for people your own age?
for people your own age?
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當你參加聚會的時候，
是否會去尋找和你年紀相仿的人？
是否會去尋找和你年紀相仿的人？
03:39
Have you ever grumbled
about entitled millennials?
about entitled millennials?
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你是否抱怨過千禧世代？
03:43
Have you ever rejected a haircut
or a relationship or an outing
or a relationship or an outing
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你是否拒絕過一種髮型、
一段感情或者一次出遊，
一段感情或者一次出遊，
03:47
because it's not age-appropriate?
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因為年齡不合適？
03:49
For adults, there's no such thing.
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對於成年人來說，
這些事情不會發生。
這些事情不會發生。
03:51
All these behaviors are ageist.
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這些都是歧視年齡的行為。
03:53
We all do them,
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我們都有這些歧視行為。
03:55
and we can't challenge bias
unless we're aware of it.
unless we're aware of it.
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我們無法挑戰這種偏見，
除非我們認識到它的存在。
除非我們認識到它的存在。
03:58
Nobody's born ageist,
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沒有人是天生的年齡歧視者，
04:00
but it starts at early childhood,
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但年齡歧視在童年早期就已發生，
04:01
around the same time attitudes
towards race and gender start to form,
towards race and gender start to form,
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在種族、性別意識產生的同時。
04:05
because negative messages
about late life bombard us
about late life bombard us
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因為關於老年的信息
對我們進行狂轟濫炸，
對我們進行狂轟濫炸，
04:08
from the media and popular
culture at every turn.
culture at every turn.
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每時每刻來自
媒體和流行文化的轟炸。
媒體和流行文化的轟炸。
04:12
Right? Wrinkles are ugly.
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對嗎？皺紋是醜的。
04:13
Old people are pathetic.
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老年人是可憐的。
04:15
It's sad to be old.
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衰老令人悲傷。
04:17
Look at Hollywood.
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看看好萊塢，
04:18
A survey of recent
Best Picture nominations
Best Picture nominations
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關於最佳影片提名的一項調查顯示，
04:20
found that only 12 percent
of speaking or named characters
of speaking or named characters
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影片中僅有 12% 的主要角色
04:24
were age 60 and up,
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是 60 歲以上的老年人，
04:25
and many of them
were portrayed as impaired.
were portrayed as impaired.
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而且許多角色被描繪成
有缺陷的、受損害的。
有缺陷的、受損害的。
04:29
Older people can be
the most ageist of all,
the most ageist of all,
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老年人自己可能是年齡歧視
最強有力的支持者。
最強有力的支持者。
04:31
because we've had a lifetime
to internalize these messages
to internalize these messages
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因為我們有一生的時間
來內化這些歧視的信息，
來內化這些歧視的信息，
04:34
and we've never thought to challenge them.
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而且從未想過要挑戰它們。
04:36
I had to acknowledge it
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我不得不承認
04:38
and stop colluding.
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而且退出這種集體歧視。
04:40
"Senior moment" quips, for example:
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比如說：老糊塗。
04:42
I stopped making them when it dawned on me
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我不再使用這些諷刺性的詞語，
04:44
that when I lost
the car keys in high school,
the car keys in high school,
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因為我發現當我在高中
丟失了車鑰匙的時候，
丟失了車鑰匙的時候，
04:46
I didn't call it a "junior moment."
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我並沒有將它稱之為
「青年人的糊塗。」
「青年人的糊塗。」
04:48
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:50
I stopped blaming
my sore knee on being 64.
my sore knee on being 64.
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我不再將膝蓋疼歸咎於 64 歲高齡，
04:53
My other knee doesn't hurt,
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我的另一個膝蓋並不疼，
04:55
and it's just as old.
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但它也一樣老。
04:56
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
（鼓掌）
04:59
(Applause)
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05:00
We are all worried about
some aspect of getting older,
some aspect of getting older,
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我們都會對變老的某些方面感到擔憂，
05:03
whether running out of money,
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也許是經濟上的困難，
05:04
getting sick, ending up alone,
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也許是疾病，孤老終生，
05:07
and those fears are legitimate and real.
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而且這些恐懼都是
合情合理的、真實存在的。
合情合理的、真實存在的。
05:10
But what never dawns on most of us
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但是我們大多數人沒有發現的是，
05:12
is that the experience of reaching old age
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衰老的經歷
05:14
can be better or worse
depending on the culture
depending on the culture
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是幸福還是痛苦，
取決於你所屬的文化。
05:16
in which it takes place.
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05:18
It is not having a vagina
that makes life harder for women.
that makes life harder for women.
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並不是陰道讓女性的生活更加艱難。
05:22
It's sexism.
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是性別歧視。
05:23
(Applause)
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（鼓掌，喝彩）
05:25
It's not loving a man that makes
life harder for gay guys.
life harder for gay guys.
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並不是同性之愛
讓男同志的生活更加困苦。
讓男同志的生活更加困苦。
是同性戀恐懼症。
05:27
It's homophobia.
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05:29
And it is not the passage of time
that makes getting older
that makes getting older
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並不是時間的流逝
讓衰老更加艱辛。
05:32
so much harder than it has to be.
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05:34
It is ageism.
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是年齡歧視。
05:35
When labels are hard to read
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當我們很難看清標籤的時候，
05:37
or there's no handrail
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或者是沒有欄杆的時候，
05:38
or we can't open the damn jar,
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或者是打不開可惡的罐頭時，
05:40
we blame ourselves,
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我們譴責自己，
05:41
our failure to age successfully,
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我們把失敗歸咎於年齡，
05:44
instead of the ageism that makes
those natural transitions shameful
those natural transitions shameful
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而不是歸咎於年齡主義，
它使人們羞愧於年齡的自然更替。
它使人們羞愧於年齡的自然更替。
05:48
and the discrimination that makes
those barriers acceptable.
those barriers acceptable.
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也沒有歸咎於年齡歧視，
它讓人們接受這些壁壘。
它讓人們接受這些壁壘。
05:52
You can't make money off satisfaction,
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你無法從人們
對生活的滿足感中賺錢，
對生活的滿足感中賺錢，
05:54
but shame and fear create markets,
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但是羞愧和恐懼能夠創造市場，
05:57
and capitalism always needs new markets.
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而且資本主義總是需要新的市場。
06:00
Who says wrinkles are ugly?
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誰說皺紋是醜陋的？
06:02
The multi-billion-dollar
skin care industry.
skin care industry.
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那些價值數十億美元的
皮膚保養產業這樣說。
皮膚保養產業這樣說。
06:05
Who says perimenopause and low T
and mild cognitive impairment
and mild cognitive impairment
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誰說近更年期、
睪丸素偏低、輕度認知障礙
睪丸素偏低、輕度認知障礙
06:09
are medical conditions?
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是醫學上的疾病呢？
06:10
The trillion-dollar
pharmaceutical industry.
pharmaceutical industry.
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那些上萬億的製藥產業這樣說。
06:12
(Cheers)
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（歡呼）
06:13
The more clearly we see
these forces at work,
these forces at work,
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我們越清楚這些力量如何運作，
06:16
the easier it is to come up
with alternative, more positive
with alternative, more positive
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就越容易找到替代方法，
找到更積極、準確的敘述方式。
06:19
and more accurate narratives.
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06:22
Aging is not a problem to be fixed
or a disease to be cured.
or a disease to be cured.
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衰老不是一個需要解決的問題，
也不是一種需要治療的疾病。
也不是一種需要治療的疾病。
06:26
It is a natural, powerful,
lifelong process that unites us all.
lifelong process that unites us all.
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它是自然的、有力的、終身的進程，
它將所有人聯結在一起。
它將所有人聯結在一起。
06:32
Changing the culture is a tall order,
I know that, but culture is fluid.
I know that, but culture is fluid.
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我知道改變文化是很困難的，
但是文化是流動的。
但是文化是流動的。
06:36
Look at how much the position
of women has changed in my lifetime
of women has changed in my lifetime
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看看在我的一生中，
女性的地位得到了多麼大的提升。
女性的地位得到了多麼大的提升。
06:40
or the incredible strides
that the gay rights movement
that the gay rights movement
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或者是同志平權運動
取得的驚人飛躍，
取得的驚人飛躍，
06:42
has made in just a few decades, right?
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僅僅發生在過去的幾十年中，對嗎？
06:44
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
06:45
Look at gender.
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看看性別議題。
06:47
We used to think of it
as a binary, male or female,
as a binary, male or female,
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我們以前認為性別
是二元的，男性或女性，
是二元的，男性或女性，
06:50
and now we understand it's a spectrum.
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我們現在了解到性別是連續的光譜。
06:52
It is high time to ditch
the old-young binary, too.
the old-young binary, too.
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現在也是時候拋棄
老人與年輕人的二元對立了。
老人與年輕人的二元對立了。
06:55
There is no line in the sand
between old and young,
between old and young,
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老人與年輕人之間
沒有明確的分界線，
沒有明確的分界線，
06:58
after which it's all downhill.
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這樣想一切都容易多了。
07:00
And the longer we wait
to challenge that idea,
to challenge that idea,
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我們越晚挑戰這個觀點，
07:02
the more damage it does
to ourselves and our place in the world,
to ourselves and our place in the world,
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它對我們自身和我們
在世界的定位就傷害越大。
在世界的定位就傷害越大。
07:06
like in the workforce,
where age discrimination is rampant.
where age discrimination is rampant.
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比如在工作場所，
在那裡年齡歧視猖獗。
在那裡年齡歧視猖獗。
07:10
In Silicon Valley, engineers
are getting Botoxed and hair-plugged
are getting Botoxed and hair-plugged
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在矽谷，工程師
注射肉毒桿菌、做人工植髮，
注射肉毒桿菌、做人工植髮，
07:14
before key interviews --
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來迎接重要的面試。
07:15
and these are skilled
white men in their 30s,
white men in their 30s,
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而且他們是技術高超的、
三十多歲的白人男性，
三十多歲的白人男性，
07:17
so imagine the effects
further down the food chain.
further down the food chain.
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所以可以想像
食物鏈下游所受的影響。
食物鏈下游所受的影響。
07:20
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
07:22
The personal and economic
consequences are devastating.
consequences are devastating.
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個人的、經濟上的後果
是非常沉重的。
是非常沉重的。
07:26
Not one stereotype about older workers
holds up under scrutiny.
holds up under scrutiny.
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现在許多關於老年工作者的
刻板印象需要仔細斟酌。
刻板印象需要仔細斟酌。
07:30
Companies aren't adaptable and creative
because their employees are young;
because their employees are young;
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公司不會因為年輕員工
而具有適應能力和創造力。
而具有適應能力和創造力。
07:34
they're adaptable and creative despite it.
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沒有年輕員工，
公司也能保有適應能力和創造力。
公司也能保有適應能力和創造力。
07:37
Companies --
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公司──
07:38
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
07:39
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
07:42
We know that diverse companies
aren't just better places to work;
aren't just better places to work;
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多元化的公司不僅是
適合工作的地方，
適合工作的地方，
07:45
they work better.
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而且它們工作得更好。
07:46
And just like race and sex,
age is a criterion for diversity.
age is a criterion for diversity.
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和種族、性別一樣，
年齡也是檢驗多樣性的標準。
年齡也是檢驗多樣性的標準。
07:51
A growing body of fascinating research
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越來越多很有吸引力的研究顯示，
07:53
shows that attitudes towards aging
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關於衰老的態度
07:54
affect how our minds and bodies
function at the cellular level.
function at the cellular level.
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會在細胞層面上影響我們的
大腦和身體的運作。
大腦和身體的運作。
07:58
When we talk to older people
like this (Speaks more loudly)
like this (Speaks more loudly)
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當我們這樣與老年人溝通（音量提高）
08:01
or call them "sweetie" or "young lady" --
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或者稱他們為「親愛的」
或者「年輕的女士」——
或者「年輕的女士」——
08:03
it's called elderspeak --
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這種溝通方式被稱作「老人語」——
08:04
they appear to instantly age,
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他們似乎會立即衰老，
08:06
walking and talking less competently.
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步伐不再矯健，談吐不再自信。
08:09
People with more positive
feelings towards aging
feelings towards aging
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那些對衰老持有積極態度的人，
08:11
walk faster,
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他們走得更快，
08:13
they do better on memory tests,
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他們在記憶測試上的表現更好，
08:14
they heal quicker, and they live longer.
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他們康復得更快，
而且他們活得更久。
而且他們活得更久。
08:18
Even with brains
full of plaques and tangles,
full of plaques and tangles,
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即使是在充滿了
斑塊和纏結的大腦裡，
斑塊和纏結的大腦裡，
08:20
some people stayed sharp to the end.
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有些人直到去世前頭腦依然敏銳。
08:23
What did they have in common?
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他們有什麼共同點呢？
08:24
A sense of purpose.
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目標明確。
08:26
And what's the biggest obstacle
to having a sense of purpose in late life?
to having a sense of purpose in late life?
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在晚年生活中，什麼會
嚴重阻礙人們保有目標呢？
嚴重阻礙人們保有目標呢？
08:29
A culture that tells us that getting older
means shuffling offstage.
means shuffling offstage.
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一種文化，認定衰老
即走下人生舞台。
即走下人生舞台。
08:33
That's why the World Health
Organization is developing
Organization is developing
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這是為什麼世界衛生組織開展
08:36
a global anti-ageism initiative
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全球反對年齡歧視的倡議。
08:38
to extend not just
life span but health span.
life span but health span.
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不僅增加壽命，還能延續健康。
08:42
Women experience the double whammy
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女性經歷著雙重打擊，
08:44
of ageism and sexism,
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來自年齡主義和性別歧視主義，
08:45
so we experience aging differently.
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所以我們對衰老有不同的體會。
08:48
There's a double standard
at work here -- shocker --
at work here -- shocker --
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這裡運作著雙重標準——震驚——
08:51
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
08:52
the notion that aging enhances men
and devalues women.
and devalues women.
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衰老讓男性增值，卻使女性貶值。
08:56
Women reinforce this double standard
when we compete to stay young,
when we compete to stay young,
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當女性爭著保持年輕的時候，
這樣的雙重標準得以增強。
這樣的雙重標準得以增強。
09:00
another punishing and losing proposition.
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保持年輕是艱苦的、
註定失敗的想法。
註定失敗的想法。
09:03
Does any woman in this room really believe
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這個房間裡難道真的有女人相信
09:06
that she is a lesser version --
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衰老後的她成為了次等品──
09:08
less interesting, less fun in bed,
less valuable --
less valuable --
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不再有趣，不再性感，不再有價值──
09:11
than the woman she once was?
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1991
和年輕時的她相比？
09:14
This discrimination affects our health,
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這樣的歧視影響著我們的健康，
09:16
our well-being and our income,
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我們的幸福和收入，
09:18
and the effects add up over time.
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而且影響與日俱增。
09:20
They are further compounded
by race and by class,
by race and by class,
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種族和階級因素
使這種歧視雪上加霜，
使這種歧視雪上加霜，
09:23
which is why, everywhere in the world,
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這就是為什麼在世界上每一個角落，
09:25
the poorest of the poor
are old women of color.
are old women of color.
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最窮的人往往是
有色人種的老年婦女。
有色人種的老年婦女。
09:29
What's the takeaway from that map?
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我們能從這張地圖上
了解到什麼知識呢？
了解到什麼知識呢？
09:31
By 2050, one out of five of us,
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到 2050 年，
五個人中就會有一個，
五個人中就會有一個，
09:33
almost two billion people,
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大概總計二十億人，
09:35
will be age 60 and up.
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2022
是 60 歲以上的老年人。
09:37
Longevity is a fundamental hallmark
of human progress.
of human progress.
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長壽是人類進步的重要標誌。
09:41
All these older people represent a vast
unprecedented and untapped market.
unprecedented and untapped market.
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年長者代表著一個巨大的、
史無前例的、從未被涉足的市場。
史無前例的、從未被涉足的市場。
09:47
And yet, capitalism and urbanization
have propelled age bias
have propelled age bias
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然而，資本主義和城市化把年齡偏見
09:51
into every corner of the globe,
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推進到世界的每一個角落，
09:53
from Switzerland,
where elders fare the best,
where elders fare the best,
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從瑞士，在那裡老年人
得到了最好的照顧，
得到了最好的照顧，
09:55
to Afghanistan, which sits at the bottom
of the Global AgeWatch Index.
of the Global AgeWatch Index.
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到阿富汗，在全球老齡
觀察指數中墊底。
觀察指數中墊底。
10:00
Half of the world's countries
aren't mentioned on that list
aren't mentioned on that list
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世界上近半數的國家
沒有出現在排行榜中，
沒有出現在排行榜中，
10:03
because we don't bother to collect data
on millions of people
on millions of people
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因為我們不屑於收集
進兩百萬人的數據，
進兩百萬人的數據，
10:07
because they're no longer young.
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因為他們不再年輕。
10:09
Almost two-thirds of people
over 60 around the world
over 60 around the world
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在全球 60 歲以上的老年人中，
近三分之二認為
近三分之二認為
10:12
say they have trouble
accessing healthcare.
accessing healthcare.
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他們獲得醫療衛生服務是困難的。
10:15
Almost three-quarters say their income
doesn't cover basic services
doesn't cover basic services
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進四分之三的老年人認為
他們的收入無法支付基本生活費用，
他們的收入無法支付基本生活費用，
10:18
like food, water, electricity,
and decent housing.
and decent housing.
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比如食物、水、電和像樣的住房。
10:23
Is this the world we want our children,
who may well live to be a hundred,
who may well live to be a hundred,
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這真的是我們想讓
子孫後代繼承的世界嗎？
子孫後代繼承的世界嗎？
10:27
to inherit?
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他們可能會活到 100 多歲。
10:28
Everyone -- all ages,
all genders, all nationalities --
all genders, all nationalities --
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每個人——不分年齡、性別、國籍——
10:32
is old or future-old,
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已經衰老或終將衰老，
10:34
and unless we put an end to it,
ageism will oppress us all.
ageism will oppress us all.
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如果我們不終結它，
年齡歧視將會壓迫我們每一個人。
年齡歧視將會壓迫我們每一個人。
10:38
And that makes it a perfect target
for collective advocacy.
for collective advocacy.
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這讓它成為了集體倡議的最佳目標。
10:43
Why add another -ism to the list
when so many, racism in particular,
when so many, racism in particular,
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為什麼又把一個「主義」
加入到鬥爭的行列中？
加入到鬥爭的行列中？
許多的主義，特別是種族歧視主義，
還沒有得到徹底根除。
還沒有得到徹底根除。
10:47
call out for action?
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10:49
Here's the thing:
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事情是這樣的：
10:50
we don't have to choose.
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我們不需要進行選擇。
10:52
When we make the world
a better place to grow old in,
a better place to grow old in,
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當我們把世界變成適合
老年人居住的地方，
老年人居住的地方，
10:54
we make it a better place
in which to be from somewhere else,
in which to be from somewhere else,
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我們也把它變成了適合
他人居住的地方，
他人居住的地方，
10:58
to have a disability,
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適宜殘疾人居住，
10:59
to be queer, to be non-rich,
to be non-white.
to be non-white.
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適宜酷兒、窮人、有色人種居住。
11:03
And when we show up at all ages
for whatever cause matters most to us --
for whatever cause matters most to us --
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當我們在不同年齡階段，
為其它重要的事情奮鬥時——
為其它重要的事情奮鬥時——
11:07
save the whales, save the democracy --
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拯救海豚，拯救民主——
11:10
we not only make
that effort more effective,
that effort more effective,
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我們不僅使那個倡議更加有效，
11:13
we dismantle ageism in the process.
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同時也解決了年齡歧視的問題。
11:16
Longevity is here to stay.
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長壽現象將一直存在，
11:18
A movement to end ageism is underway.
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終結年齡歧視的運動正在開展。
11:20
I'm in it, and I hope you will join me.
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我身處其中，
希望你能加入這項運動。
希望你能加入這項運動。
11:24
(Applause and cheers)
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（鼓掌和歡呼）
11:28
Thank you. Let's do it! Let's do it!
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謝謝。讓我們行動吧！
讓我們行動吧！
讓我們行動吧！
11:33
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ashton Applewhite - Author, activistAshton Applewhite asks us to look at ageism -- the assumption that older people are alike and that aging impoverishes us.
Why you should listen
Ashton Applewhite would like us to think differently about growing older. As she writes: "Aging is a natural, lifelong, powerful process that unites us all. So how come so many of us unthinkingly assume that depression, diapers, and dementia lie ahead? Because of ageism -- the last socially sanctioned prejudice."
She's the author of This Chair Rocks: A Manifesto Against Ageism and is the voice of the Yo, Is This Ageist? blog. She is also the author of Cutting Loose: Why Women Who End Their Marriages Do So Well -- and was a clue on Jeopardy! as the author of the mega bestseller series, Truly Tasteless Jokes. (Who is Blanche Knott?)
Ashton Applewhite | Speaker | TED.com