TED in the Field
Nicholas Negroponte: Taking OLPC to Colombia
尼古拉斯內格羅蓬特把OLPC「每童一電腦」計劃帶到哥倫比亞
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TED和尼古拉斯內格羅蓬特一起去哥倫比亞，他去那發放筆記本，那裡曾是游擊隊所管轄的地區。他的合作夥伴？哥倫比亞的國防部，他們把「每童一電腦」計劃看作是對該地區的一種投資。（你同樣也可以參與。）
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world. Full bio
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:00
It's amazing, when you meet a head of state and you say,
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這很美妙，當你遇到一個國家元首時，你說，
00:02
"What is your most precious natural resource?" --
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“你國家最珍貴的資源是甚麼？”
00:06
they will not say children at first.
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他們不會第一時間說是兒童。
00:08
And then when you say children,
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但是當你說兒童的時候，
00:10
they will pretty quickly agree with you.
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他們幾乎馬上會認同你。
00:19
(Video): We're traveling today with
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（視頻）我們今天將和哥倫比亞的國防部長
00:21
the Minister of Defense of Colombia,
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一起出遊，
00:24
head of the army and the head of the police,
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即是軍隊的負責人也是警力部門的負責人，
00:26
and we're dropping off 650 laptops
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並且我們要發放650台筆記本
00:29
today to children
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就在今天，給兒童們
00:31
who have no television, no telephone
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那些沒有電視，沒有電話的兒童們，
00:33
and have been in a community
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他們生存在一個
00:35
cut off from the rest of the world
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與外界隔離的環境裡，
00:37
for the past 40 years.
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這樣已經有40年之久了。
00:40
The importance of delivering laptops to this region
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對於在這個地區發放電腦的重要性是
00:43
is connecting kids who have otherwise been unconnected
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將那些由於哥倫比亞革命武裝力量而被分離的兒童
00:46
because of the FARC,
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聯繫起來，
00:48
the guerrillas that started off 40 years ago
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游擊隊在40年前開始
00:51
as a political movement and then became a drug movement.
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由一種政治運動轉變為一種毒品運動。
00:56
There are one billion children in the world,
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全世界裡十億人口的兒童，
00:58
and 50 percent of them don't have electricity
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他們中的一半都沒有電力
01:00
at home or at school.
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無論是在學校還是在家。
01:03
And in some countries -- let me pick Afghanistan --
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在某些國家 — 舉個例子，阿富汗 —
01:05
75 percent of the little girls don't go to school.
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75%的小女孩不會去上學。
01:08
And I don't mean that they drop out of school
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我指的不是她們被學校退學
01:10
in the third or fourth grade -- they don't go.
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在三年級或四年級的時候 — 她們根本沒有去上學。
01:12
So in the three years
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所以這3年以來
01:14
since I talked at TED and showed a prototype,
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自從我在TED裡演講和展示了一個產品原型，
01:17
it's gone from an idea
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它從一個想法
01:19
to a real laptop.
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轉變成了一個真正的筆記本。
01:22
We have half a million laptops today
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我們現在有50萬台筆記本
01:24
in the hands of children.
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都發放到小孩手裡了。
01:27
We have about a quarter of a million in transit
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我們還有大概25萬台正在運送
01:29
to those and other children,
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給那些其他的兒童，
01:32
and then there are another quarter of a million more
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而且還有另外25萬台
01:36
that are being ordered at this moment.
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已經正被訂購中。
01:38
So, in rough numbers, there are a million laptops.
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那麼，大概算來，這裡有100萬台筆記本。
01:40
That's smaller than I predicted --
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那比我預測的要少 —
01:42
I predicted three to 10 million --
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我預測的是300萬到1千萬台 —
01:44
but is still a very large number.
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不過這是一個十分大的數字。
01:46
In Colombia, we have about 3,000 laptops.
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在哥倫比亞，我們有大概3000台筆記本。
01:50
It's the Minister of Defense with whom we're working,
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和我們所合作的是國防部長，
01:53
not the Minister of Education, because it is seen as
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而不是教育部長，因為這被看作是
01:56
a strategic defense issue
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一個戰術防禦問題
01:58
in the sense of liberating these zones
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為着解放這些區域
02:03
that had been completely closed off,
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那些完全被隔離的區域，
02:05
in which the people who had been causing, if you will,
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而這些的人正是那些造成
02:09
40 years' worth of bombings and kidnappings
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40年之久的轟炸，綁架
02:13
and assassinations lived.
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以及刺殺，並生還的人。
02:15
And suddenly,
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然後突然，
02:17
the kids have connected laptops.
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那些小孩用筆記本聯繫起來了。
02:19
They've leapfrogged.
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他們超越了上一代。
02:21
The change is absolutely monumental,
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這個變化是絕對有紀念意義的，
02:25
because it's not just opening it up,
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因為這不僅僅是開放了，
02:27
but it's opening it up to the rest of the world.
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而是對世界其他所有的地方開放了。
02:30
So yes, they're building roads, yes, they're putting in telephone,
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所以，對了，他們將會建造公路，對，他們將會有電話，
02:32
yes, there will be television.
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對，那裡將會有電視。
02:34
But the kids six to 12 years old
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但是6到12歲的小孩
02:36
are surfing the Internet in Spanish and in local languages,
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卻是用西班牙語和當地語言在上網，
02:40
so the children grow up
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所以兒童伴隨著
02:42
with access to information,
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通向知識的道路而長大，
02:44
with a window into the rest of the world.
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通過一個通向其他世界的窗口。
02:47
Before, they were closed off.
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以前，他們是被封閉的。
02:49
Interestingly enough, in other countries,
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有趣的是，在其他一些的國家，
02:51
it will be the Minister of Finance who sees it
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財政部長會把這看作是
02:53
as an engine of economic growth.
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財政增長的動力。
02:57
And that engine is going to see the results in 20 years.
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而且那是一個在20年後才會看到結果的動力。
03:01
It's not going to happen, you know, in one year,
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你知道，那是不會在1年裡看到結果的，
03:04
but it's an important, deeply economic
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但是這是一個重要的，具有重大經濟意義的
03:07
and cultural change
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文化改變
03:09
that happens through children.
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一個通過兒童發生的變化。
03:12
Thirty-one countries in total are involved,
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總共31個國家會參與進來，
03:14
and in the case of Uruguay,
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就烏拉圭而言，
03:17
half the children already have them,
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一半的兒童已經擁有了它們，
03:19
and by the middle of 2009,
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而且在2009年中期，
03:22
every single child in Uruguay will have a laptop --
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烏拉圭的每一個兒童都會擁有一台筆記本 —
03:25
a little green laptop.
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一台小巧的綠色筆記本。
03:27
Now what are some of the results?
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現在其中的一些結果是？
03:29
Some of the results
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其中的一些結果
03:31
that go across every single country
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每一個國家都能觀察到
03:34
include teachers saying
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包括老師都說到
03:36
they have never loved teaching so much,
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他們從來沒有如此這樣熱愛教學過，
03:39
and reading comprehension
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沒有這樣熱愛閱讀理解
03:41
measured by third parties -- not by us -- skyrockets.
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由第三方統計到的結果 — 不是我們自己 — 明顯飆升。
03:45
Probably the most important thing we see
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我們看到最重要的事情可能是
03:48
is children teaching parents.
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兒童在教育他們的家長。
03:51
They own the laptops. They take them home.
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他們有筆記本。他們把筆記本帶回家。
03:54
And so when I met with three children from the schools,
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所以當我在學校裡遇到3個小孩，
03:57
who had traveled all day to come to Bogota,
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都是從波哥大經過一天路程而來，
04:01
one of the three children brought her mother.
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其中一個小孩帶來了她的母親。
04:04
And the reason she brought her mother
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她帶母親來的一個原因是
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is that this six-year-old child
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這個6歲的小孩
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had been teaching her mother
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已經在教她的母親
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how to read and write.
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如何讀和寫。
04:13
Her mother had not gone to primary school.
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她的母親沒有上過小學。
04:16
And this is such an inversion,
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這是如此一個倒置，
04:18
and such a wonderful example
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一個如此美妙的例子
04:21
of children being the agents of change.
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小孩做為變化的推動者。
04:25
So now, in closing, people say,
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所以現在，做為結尾，人們說到，
04:27
now why laptops?
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現在為甚麼用筆記本？
04:29
Laptops are a luxury; it's like giving them iPods. No.
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筆記本就是一個奢侈品，這就像給他們 iPod 一樣。不行。
04:32
The reason you want laptops
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你們想要筆記本的原因是
04:34
is that the word is education, not laptop.
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教育這個詞，而不是筆記本。
04:38
This is an education project, not a laptop project.
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這是一個教育項目，不是一個筆記本項目。
04:41
They need to learn learning. And then, just think --
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他們需要學會學習。然後，就像想一下 —
04:43
they can have, let's say, 100 books.
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他們可以擁有，比如說，100本書。
04:45
In a village, you have 100 laptops,
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在一個村莊裡，你有100本筆記本，
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each with a different set of 100 books,
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每一個都被安放了100本不一樣的書籍，
04:51
and so that village suddenly has 10,000 books.
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這樣這個村莊就一下子有了10000書。
04:54
You and I didn't have 10,000 books when we went to primary school.
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在當你上小學的時候你可沒有10000書。
04:58
Sometimes school is under a tree,
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有時候學校就在一顆樹底下，
05:00
or in many cases, the teacher has only a fifth-grade education,
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或在許多情況下，老師只上了5年的學，
05:04
so you need a collaborative model of learning,
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所以你需要一個互相合作的學習模型，
05:07
not just building more schools and training more teachers,
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而不是去造更多的學校和訓練更多的老師。
05:09
which you have to do anyway.
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這些也是你無論無何都要做的，
05:11
So we're once again doing "Give One, Get One."
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所以，我們又再一次發起了「送一台，買一台」運動。
05:14
Last year, we ran a "Give One, Get One" program,
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去年，我們發起了「送一台，買一台」計劃，
05:16
and it generated over 100,000 laptops
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並且創造了100,000台筆記本
05:20
that we were then able to give free.
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這些我們都可以用來免費送出去。
05:23
And by being a zero-dollar laptop,
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而且作為一個0美元筆記本，
05:25
we can go to countries that can't afford it at all.
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我們可以送到一些完全負擔不起的國家去。
05:28
And that's what we did. We went to Haiti,
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那也是我們已做到的。我們去了海地，
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we went to Rwanda, Afghanistan,
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我們去了盧旺達，阿富汗。
05:33
Ethiopia, Mongolia.
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埃塞俄比亞，蒙古。
05:36
Places that are not markets,
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一些沒有市場的地方，
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seeding it with the principles of
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用著飽和度，
05:41
saturation, connectivity, low ages, etc.
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連接性的，低年齡的，等等的原則去看待它。
05:44
And then we can actually roll out large numbers.
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而且我們可以產生一些比較大的數字。
05:48
So think of it this way:
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所以這樣去看待它：
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think of it as inoculating children
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就像和接種兒童一樣
05:53
against ignorance.
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對無知、愚味的接種，
05:56
And think of the laptop as a vaccine.
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把筆記本當作是一種疫苗。
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You don't vaccinate a few children.
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你不僅僅為少許的兒童去接種防疫。
06:00
You vaccinate all the children in an area.
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你是為一個地區的所有兒童發放疫苗。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionaryThe founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world.
Why you should listen
A pioneer in the field of computer-aided design, Negroponte founded (and was the first director of) MIT's Media Lab, which helped drive the multimedia revolution and now houses more than 500 researchers and staff across a broad range of disciplines. An original investor in Wired (and the magazine's "patron saint"), for five years he penned a column exploring the frontiers of technology -- ideas that he expanded into his 1995 best-selling book Being Digital. An angel investor extraordinaire, he's funded more than 40 startups, and served on the boards of companies such as Motorola and Ambient Devices.
But his latest effort, the One Laptop per Child project, may prove his most ambitious. The organization is designing, manufacturing and distributing low-cost, wireless Internet-enabled computers costing roughly $100 and aimed at children. Negroponte hopes to put millions of these devices in the hands of children in the developing world.
Nicholas Negroponte | Speaker | TED.com