ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mohamed Ali - Human rights advocate
Human rights advocate Mohamed Ali fights terrorism with entrepreneurship.

Why you should listen

In urban hubs like Mogadishu, says Mohamed Ali, we're losing our brightest minds to terrorism and violence. Why not channel the energy of ambitious and eager young people toward innovation instead of destruction? Ali is doing his part to make this dream a reality. He is the Executive Director of the Iftiin Foundation, an organization that builds and supports young entrepreneurs to encourage a culture of change and innovation in Somalia and other post-conflict countries. Ali believes these untapped youths can become figures of hope for their communities and ultimately promote peace and stability in the region.

Ali is a founding member of End Famine, a campaign founded in 2011 aimed at promoting food security and eradicating famine worldwide, starting with the Horn of Africa. Ali has a law degree from Boston College Law School.

 

More profile about the speaker
Mohamed Ali | Speaker | TED.com
TEDCity2.0

Mohamed Ali: The link between unemployment and terrorism

穆罕默德.阿里: 失業與恐怖主義之間的關係

Filmed:
1,077,230 views

對世界上大城市裡的年輕人和失業者來說,機會和財富的夢想真的會實現──但很常是因為他們被恐怖分子和其它暴力組織所吸收。人權護衛者穆罕默德.阿里藉由家鄉摩加迪休的故事,提供強而有力、培養創新的案例給城市中的有志青年參考。
- Human rights advocate
Human rights advocate Mohamed Ali fights terrorism with entrepreneurship. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I would like to talk to you about a story故事
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我想告訴你
00:14
about a small town kid孩子.
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一個小鎮男孩的故事。
00:16
I don't know his name名稱, but I do know his story故事.
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我不知道他的名字,
但是我知道他的故事。
00:20
He lives生活 in a small village in southern南部的 Somalia索馬里.
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他住在索馬利亞南邊的小村子裡,
00:23
His village is near Mogadishu摩加迪沙.
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靠近摩加迪休的村莊。
00:27
Drought乾旱 drives驅動器 the small village into poverty貧窮
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乾旱迫使小村莊變得貧窮,
00:29
and to the brink邊緣 of starvation飢餓.
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即將面臨飢荒。
00:31
With nothing left for him there,
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那裡沒能給他任何東西,
00:33
he leaves樹葉 for the big city,
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因此他前往大城市。
00:35
in this case案件, Mogadishu摩加迪沙, the capital首都 of Somalia索馬里.
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這個故事在摩加迪休,索馬利亞的首都。
00:38
When he arrives到達, there are no opportunities機會,
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當他抵達時,沒有任何機會,
00:41
no jobs工作, no way forward前鋒.
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沒有工作,沒有前進的方向。
00:44
He ends結束 up living活的 in a tent帳篷 city
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最後他在一個帳篷城市落腳,
00:46
on the outskirts郊區 of Mogadishu摩加迪沙.
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位在摩加迪休郊區。
00:49
Maybe a year passes通行證, nothing.
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也許一年過後,仍然一無所有。
00:53
One day, he's approached接近 by a gentleman紳士
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有一天,一位紳士找上他,
00:55
who offers報價 to take him to lunch午餐,
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帶他去吃午餐,
00:57
then to dinner晚餐, to breakfast早餐.
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再帶他去吃晚餐、吃早餐。
01:00
He meets符合 this dynamic動態 group of people,
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他碰到飄忽不定的這群人,
01:03
and they give him a break打破.
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他們讓他喘了口氣。
01:05
He's given特定 a bit of money
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給他一筆錢,
01:06
to buy購買 himself他自己 some new clothes衣服,
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讓他為自己買些新衣服,
01:08
money to send發送 back home to his family家庭.
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給他回家的錢。
01:11
He is introduced介紹 to this young年輕 woman女人.
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他被介紹給一位年輕女性,
01:13
He eventually終於 gets得到 married已婚.
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最後結婚了。
01:14
He starts啟動 this new life.
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他開始新生活。
01:17
He has a purpose目的 in life.
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他的生活有了目標。
01:20
One beautiful美麗 day in Mogadishu摩加迪沙,
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在摩加迪休某個風和日麗的日子,
01:23
under an azure天藍 blue藍色 sky天空,
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蔚藍晴空下,
01:26
a car汽車 bomb炸彈 goes off.
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汽車炸彈爆炸了。
01:28
That small town kid孩子 with the big city dreams
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懷抱大城市夢想的小鎮男孩
01:31
was the suicide自殺 bomber轟炸機,
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是那名自殺客,
01:34
and that dynamic動態 group of people
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而飄忽不定的那群人
01:36
were al Shabaab青年黨, a terrorist恐怖分子 organization組織
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是索馬里青年黨,一個恐怖組織,
01:38
linked關聯 to al Qaeda凱達.
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與蓋達組織結盟。
01:42
So how does the story故事 of a small town kid孩子
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這個故事怎麼會
從小鎮男孩在大城市創造大夢想
01:45
just trying to make it big in the city
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01:47
end結束 up with him blowing himself他自己 up?
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變成他炸了自己?
01:50
He was waiting等候.
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他在等待。
01:52
He was waiting等候 for an opportunity機會,
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等待一個機會,
01:53
waiting等候 to begin開始 his future未來,
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等待能展開他的未來,
01:55
waiting等候 for a way forward前鋒,
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等待一個前進的方向,
01:57
and this was the first thing that came來了 along沿.
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而這是第一件出現的事。
02:00
This was the first thing that pulled him out
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這是第一件讓他擺脫的事,
02:02
of what we call waithoodwaithood.
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擺脫我們所謂的等待成年期 (waithood)。
02:05
And his story故事 repeats重複 itself本身
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他的故事不斷重演,
02:07
in urban城市的 centers中心 around the world世界.
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發生在全世界的市中心。
02:10
It is the story故事 of the disenfranchised被剝奪公民權,
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這故事是關於喪失公民權的
02:12
unemployed失業的 urban城市的 youth青年
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失業城市青年
02:14
who sparks火花 riots暴動 in Johannesburg約翰內斯堡,
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在約翰尼斯堡引發暴動,
02:18
sparks火花 riots暴動 in London倫敦,
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在倫敦引發暴動,
02:21
who reaches到達 out for something other than waithoodwaithood.
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他們期待得到某種東西,
而非等待成年期。
02:25
For young年輕 people, the promise諾言 of the city,
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對年輕人來說,城市給的承諾意謂著,
02:28
the big city dream夢想 is that of opportunity機會,
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大城市夢想就是
02:31
of jobs工作, of wealth財富,
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那樣工作和財富的機會,
02:33
but young年輕 people are not sharing分享
in the prosperity繁榮 of their cities城市.
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但是年輕人分享不到城市的繁榮。
02:36
Often經常 it's youth青年 who suffer遭受 from
the highest最高 unemployment失業 rates利率.
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青年往往有最高的失業率。
02:41
By 2030, three out of five people living活的 in cities城市
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到了 2030 年,60% 的城市居民
02:44
will be under the age年齡 of 18.
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會低於 18 歲。
02:46
If we do not include包括 young年輕 people
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如果我們不把這群年輕人
02:48
in the growth發展 of our cities城市,
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納入城市發展的考量,
02:50
if we do not provide提供 them opportunities機會,
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如果我們不提供他們機會,
02:52
the story故事 of waithoodwaithood,
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這樣等待成年期的故事、
02:54
the gateway網關 to terrorism恐怖主義, to violence暴力, to gangs幫派,
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通往恐怖行動、暴力、幫派的途徑
02:57
will be the story故事 of cities城市 2.0.
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將成為城市 2.0 的故事。
03:01
And in my city of birth分娩, Mogadishu摩加迪沙,
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在我出生的城市摩加迪休,
03:05
70 percent百分 of young年輕 people
suffer遭受 from unemployment失業.
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有 70% 的年輕人受失業所苦。
03:08
70 percent百分 don't work,
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70% 的人不工作
03:11
don't go to school學校.
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也不上學。
03:13
They pretty漂亮 much do nothing.
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幾乎是什麼事都沒做。
03:15
I went back to Mogadishu摩加迪沙 last month,
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上個月我回到摩加迪休,
03:19
and I went to visit訪問 Madina馬迪納 Hospital醫院,
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去了一趟梅迪納醫院,
03:21
the hospital醫院 I was born天生 in.
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我在那間醫院出生。
03:23
I remember記得 standing常設 in front面前 of that
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我記得站在
03:25
bullet-ridden彈痕 hospital醫院 thinking思維,
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那彈痕累累的醫院前想著
03:28
what if I had never left?
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如果我從未離開,會是什麼樣子?
03:30
What if I had been forced被迫
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如果我被迫
03:31
into that same相同 state of waithoodwaithood?
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擁有那種等待成年期的狀態,
會是什麼樣子?
03:33
Would I have become成為 a terrorist恐怖分子?
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我會變成恐怖分子嗎?
03:37
I'm not really sure about the answer回答.
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我不太確定答案是什麼。
03:40
My reason原因 for being存在 in Mogadishu摩加迪沙 that month
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那個月我到摩加迪休的原因
03:43
was actually其實 to host主辦
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其實是要主持
03:44
a youth青年 leadership領導 and entrepreneurship創業 summit首腦.
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一場青年領導與企業家精神的高峰會。
03:47
I brought together一起 about 90 young年輕 Somali索馬里 leaders領導者.
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我聚集了 90 名索馬利領袖。
03:50
We satSAT down and brainstormed頭腦風暴 on solutions解決方案
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我們齊聚一堂,集思廣益,
03:52
to the biggest最大 challenges挑戰 facing面對 their city.
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希望能解決各自城市
面臨的最大挑戰。
03:55
One of the young年輕 men男人 in the room房間 was Aden亞丁.
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其中有名年輕男孩叫亞丁,
03:58
He went to university大學 in Mogadishu摩加迪沙, graduated畢業.
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他在摩加迪休唸大學,之後畢業了。
04:03
There were no jobs工作, no opportunities機會.
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那裡沒有工作,沒有機會。
04:05
I remember記得 him telling告訴 me,
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我記得他告訴我
04:06
because he was a college學院 graduate畢業,
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因為他是大學畢業生,
04:09
unemployed失業的, frustrated受挫,
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失業又失意,
04:12
that he was the perfect完善 target目標 for al Shabaab青年黨
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他會是青年黨和其它恐怖組織
04:14
and other terrorist恐怖分子 organizations組織, to be recruited應徵.
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吸收的完美對象。
04:17
They sought追捧 people like him out.
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他們找出像他這樣的人。
04:21
But his story故事 takes a different不同 route路線.
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但是他的故事走了另一條路。
04:24
In Mogadishu摩加迪沙, the biggest最大 barrier屏障
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在摩加迪休,從甲地到乙地
04:26
to getting得到 from point A to point B are the roads道路.
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最大的阻礙是道路。
04:30
Twenty-three二十三 years年份 of civil國內 war戰爭
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23 年的內戰
04:31
have completely全然 destroyed銷毀 the road system系統,
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完全催毀道路系統,
04:34
and a motorbike摩托車 can be the easiest最簡單的 way
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摩托車是最容易
04:36
to get around.
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四處移動的方式。
04:37
Aden亞丁 saw an opportunity機會 and seized it.
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亞丁看見機會,緊緊抓住。
04:41
He started開始 a motorbike摩托車 company公司.
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他開了一間摩托車店,
04:43
He began開始 renting租房 out motorbikes摩托車
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開始租摩托車
04:45
to local本地 residents居民 who couldn't不能 normally一般 afford給予 them.
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給那些通常買不起車的當地居民。
04:48
He bought 10 bikes自行車, with the help
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他買了十台摩托車,
04:50
of family家庭 and friends朋友,
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仰賴親友協助,
04:52
and his dream夢想 is to eventually終於 expand擴大
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他最終的夢想是要在三年後
04:54
to several一些 hundred within the next下一個 three years年份.
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擴展到幾百台車。
04:57
How is this story故事 different不同?
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這個故事怎會不同?
04:59
What makes品牌 his story故事 different不同?
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是什麼因素讓他的故事不同?
05:02
I believe it is his ability能力 to identify鑑定
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我相信是他的能力讓他
05:04
and seize搶占 a new opportunity機會.
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發現和抓住一個新機會。
05:08
It's entrepreneurship創業,
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那是企業家精神,
05:10
and I believe entrepreneurship創業 can be
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我相信企業家精神可以成為
05:12
the most powerful強大 tool工具 against反對 waithoodwaithood.
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對抗等待成年期最強而有力的工具。
05:15
It empowers如虎添翼 young年輕 people
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它賦予年輕人權力,
05:16
to be the creators創作者 of the very economic經濟 opportunities機會
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讓他們成為自己不顧一切
05:20
they are so desperately拼命 seeking.
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去追求的商機的開創者。
05:22
And you can train培養 young年輕 people to be entrepreneurs企業家.
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你可以訓練青年成為企業家。
05:26
I want to talk to you about a young年輕 man
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我想告訴你一位
05:28
who attended出席 one of my meetings會議,
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參與一場會議的年輕人,
05:30
Mohamed穆罕默德 Mohamoud馬哈茂德, a florist花商.
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穆罕默德.馬穆特,一位花店主人,
05:33
He was helping幫助 me train培養 some of the young年輕 people
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他在高峰會幫我培訓一些年輕人
05:35
at the summit首腦 in entrepreneurship創業
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學習企業家精神、
05:36
and how to be innovative創新
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如何創新,
05:38
and how to create創建 a culture文化 of entrepreneurship創業.
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以及如何建立企業家精神的文化。
05:41
He's actually其實 the first florist花商 Mogadishu摩加迪沙 has seen看到
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其實他是摩加迪休 22 年來
05:43
in over 22 years年份,
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第一位花店主人,
05:46
and until直到 recently最近, until直到 Mohamed穆罕默德 came來了 along沿,
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直到最近穆罕默德出現,
05:49
if you wanted flowers花卉 at your wedding婚禮,
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如果你希望婚禮上有花,
05:51
you used plastic塑料 bouquets花束
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通常會用塑膠花束,
05:52
shipped from abroad國外.
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從海外運來。
05:54
If you asked someone有人,
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如果你問某個人:
05:56
"When was the last time you saw fresh新鮮 flowers花卉?"
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「你最後一次看到鮮花是什麼時候?」
05:58
for many許多 who grew成長 up under civil國內 war戰爭,
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很多在內戰時期長大的人
06:01
the answer回答 would be, "Never."
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會回答:「從來沒有。」
06:03
So Mohamed穆罕默德 saw an opportunity機會.
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因此穆罕默德看見機會。
06:05
He started開始 a landscaping美化 and design設計 floral花的 company公司.
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他開了一間景觀與花藝設計公司。
06:10
He created創建 a farm農場 right outside of Mogadishu摩加迪沙,
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他經營了一個農場,就在摩加迪休外,
06:13
and started開始 growing生長 tulips鬱金香 and lilies百合,
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開始種鬱金香和百合,
06:15
which哪一個 he said could survive生存
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他說這兩種花能在摩加迪休
06:17
the harsh苛刻 Mogadishu摩加迪沙 climate氣候.
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嚴酷的氣候下生存。
06:20
And he began開始 delivering交付 flowers花卉 to weddings婚禮,
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他開始送花到婚禮上,
06:23
creating創建 gardens花園 at homes家園
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為城市中的家庭和公司設計花園,
06:25
and businesses企業 around the city,
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06:28
and he's now working加工 on creating創建
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目前他在設計
06:30
Mogadishu's摩加迪沙 first public上市 park公園 in 22 years年份.
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摩加迪休 22 年來的第一座公園。
06:33
There's no public上市 park公園 in Mogadishu摩加迪沙.
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摩加迪休沒有公園。
06:35
He wants to create創建 a space空間 where families家庭,
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他希望能創造一個地方,
06:38
young年輕 people, can come together一起,
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讓家人、年輕人都能一起來,
06:39
and, as he says, smell the proverbial諺語 roses玫瑰.
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如他所說,聞聞傳說中的玫瑰花香。
06:44
And he doesn't grow增長 roses玫瑰 because
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附帶一提,他沒有種玫瑰,
06:46
they use too much water, by the way.
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因為那要很多水。
06:50
So the first step is to inspire啟發 young年輕 people,
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因此,要激勵年輕人的第一步,
06:54
and in that room房間, Mohamed's穆罕默德 presence存在
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在那個會議廳裡,穆罕默德的現身
06:57
had a really profound深刻 impact碰撞
on the youth青年 in that room房間.
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對在場年輕人的影響非常深遠。
07:00
They had never really thought
about starting開始 up a business商業.
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他們從沒有真的想過要創業。
07:03
They've他們已經 thought about working加工 for an NGO非政府組織,
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他們曾想過要為非政府組織工作,
07:04
working加工 for the government政府,
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為政府工作,
07:06
but his story故事, his innovation革新,
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但是他的故事,他的創新,
07:10
really had a strong強大 impact碰撞 on them.
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對他們的影響很大。
07:12
He forced被迫 them to look at their city
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他強迫他們把自己的城市
07:15
as a place地點 of opportunity機會.
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看做機會之地。
07:16
He empowered授權 them to believe
that they could be entrepreneurs企業家,
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他讓他們相信自己能成為企業家,
07:20
that they could be change更改 makers製造商.
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他們可以是改變的人。
07:22
By the end結束 of the day, they were coming未來 up
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到了當天活動的尾聲,
07:24
with innovative創新 solutions解決方案
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他們想出創新的解決方式
07:26
to some of the biggest最大 challenges挑戰 facing面對 their city.
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來處理城市所面臨的最大挑戰。
07:29
They came來了 up with entrepreneurial創業 solutions解決方案
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他們想出用企業家的方法
07:31
to local本地 problems問題.
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來解決當地問題。
07:34
So inspiring鼓舞人心 young年輕 people
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因此,激勵年輕人
07:37
and creating創建 a culture文化 of entrepreneurship創業
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並創造企業家文化
07:39
is a really great step,
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是很重要的一步,
07:41
but young年輕 people need capital首都
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但是年輕人需要資本
07:43
to make their ideas思路 a reality現實.
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讓他們的想法實現。
07:44
They need expertise專門知識 and mentorship導師
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他們需要專業知識和師徒關係,
07:47
to guide指南 them in developing發展
and launching發射 their businesses企業.
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指引他們開創並積極投入自己的事業。
07:50
Connect young年輕 people with the resources資源 they need,
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幫助年輕人連結他們所需的資源,
07:53
provide提供 them the support支持 they need
to go from ideation意念 to creation創建,
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協助他們從概念構想到實際創造,
07:56
and you will create創建 catalysts催化劑 for urban城市的 growth發展.
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如此一來你就能刺激城市發展。
08:00
For me, entrepreneurship創業 is more than just
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對我來說,企業家精神
08:03
starting開始 up a business商業.
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比只是創業還重要。
08:05
It's about creating創建 a social社會 impact碰撞.
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企業家精神能影響社會。
08:07
Mohamed穆罕默德 is not simply只是 selling銷售 flowers花卉.
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穆罕默德不只是賣花而已。
08:09
I believe he is selling銷售 hope希望.
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我相信他還販賣希望。
08:12
His Peace和平 Park公園, and that's what he calls電話 it,
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他把他的公園命名為和平公園,
08:14
when it's created創建, will actually其實 transform轉變
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當它完工時就會實際改變
08:16
the way people see their city.
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人們觀看所在城市的方式。
08:18
Aden亞丁 hired僱用 street kids孩子 to help rent出租 out
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亞丁雇用流浪兒童幫忙出租
08:21
and maintain保持 those bikes自行車 for him.
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和維修他店裡的摩托車。
08:22
He gave them the opportunity機會 to escape逃逸
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他讓這些孩子有機會逃離
08:25
the paralysis麻痺 of waithoodwaithood.
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不知所措的等待成年期。
08:27
These young年輕 entrepreneurs企業家 are having
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這些年輕的企業家
08:30
a tremendous巨大 impact碰撞 in their cities城市.
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為他們的城市帶來廣大的影響。
08:33
So my suggestion建議 is,
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因此我建議
08:36
turn youth青年 into entrepreneurs企業家,
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讓青年成為企業家,
08:38
incubate孵化 and nurture培育 their inherent固有 innovation革新,
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培養、孕育他們與生俱來的創造力,
08:41
and you will have more stories故事
of flowers花卉 and Peace和平 Parks公園
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你就能聽到更多關於花與和平公園的故事,
08:45
than of car汽車 bombs炸彈 and waithoodwaithood.
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而非汽車炸彈和等待成年期。
08:48
Thank you.
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謝謝。
08:51
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Marssi Draw
Reviewed by Michael Ge 葛叔

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mohamed Ali - Human rights advocate
Human rights advocate Mohamed Ali fights terrorism with entrepreneurship.

Why you should listen

In urban hubs like Mogadishu, says Mohamed Ali, we're losing our brightest minds to terrorism and violence. Why not channel the energy of ambitious and eager young people toward innovation instead of destruction? Ali is doing his part to make this dream a reality. He is the Executive Director of the Iftiin Foundation, an organization that builds and supports young entrepreneurs to encourage a culture of change and innovation in Somalia and other post-conflict countries. Ali believes these untapped youths can become figures of hope for their communities and ultimately promote peace and stability in the region.

Ali is a founding member of End Famine, a campaign founded in 2011 aimed at promoting food security and eradicating famine worldwide, starting with the Horn of Africa. Ali has a law degree from Boston College Law School.

 

More profile about the speaker
Mohamed Ali | Speaker | TED.com