ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jeff Iliff - Neuroscientist
Jeff Iliff is a neuroscientist who explores the unique functions of the brain.

Why you should listen
Neuroscientist Jeff Iliff 's research follows two main paths. The first is the exploration of how the brain’s support cells, called glia, contribute to maintaining the proper environment for neuronal function and how their failure in conditions like vascular dementia, stroke, and traumatic brain injury leads to neurodegeneration. The second seeks to define the basic cellular mechanisms by which brain blood flow is coordinated up and down the vascular tree. Now an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at Oregon Health & Science University, Jeff was a part of a University of Rochester Medical Center team that discovered a brain cleansing system, which they dubbed the “glymphatic system.”
More profile about the speaker
Jeff Iliff | Speaker | TED.com
TEDMED 2014

Jeff Iliff: One more reason to get a good night's sleep

Jeff Iliff: Razlog više da se dobro naspavate

Filmed:
5,135,628 views

Mozak koristi četvrtinu energije čitavog tijela, a zauzima samo oko 2 procenta čitave tjelesne mase. Kako ovaj jedinstveni organ prima, i još važnije, kako odstranjuje hranjive materije? Novo istraživanje pokazuje da to ima veze sa snom.
- Neuroscientist
Jeff Iliff is a neuroscientist who explores the unique functions of the brain. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
SleepSna.
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Spavanje.
00:14
It's something we spendpotrošiti about
a thirdtreće of our livesživi doing,
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U tome provodimo trećinu svog života,
00:17
but do any of us really understandrazumijete what it's all about?
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ali da li iko od nas zna o čemu se tu
zapravo radi?
00:20
Two thousandhiljadu yearsgodine agopre, GalenGalen,
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Prije 2000 godina, Galen,
00:22
one of the mostnajviše prominentistaknuti medicalmedicinski researchersistraživači
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jedan od najistaknutijih istraživača
medicine
00:25
of the ancientdrevni worldsvet,
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antičkog doba
00:26
proposedpredloženo that while we're awakebudan,
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predložio je da motivaciona snaga
našeg mozga,
00:28
our brain'smozak motivemotiv forcesila, its juicesok,
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njegovi sokovi, u budnom stanju
00:31
would flowtok out to all the other partsdijelove of the bodytelo,
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protiču kroz sve druge dijelove tijela
00:34
animatinganimiranje them but leavingodlazak the brainmozak all driedsušeno up,
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i animiraju ih, ali time iscrpljuju mozak.
00:38
and he thought that when we sleepspavaj,
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Galen je pomislio da dok spavamo
00:40
all this moisturevlaga that filledispunjen the restodmor of the bodytelo
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sva ta vlažnost koja je ispunila ostatak
tijela
00:42
would come rushingbrzo back,
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naglo bi se vratila
00:44
rehydratingrehydrating the brainmozak
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i hidrirala mozak
00:46
and refreshingosvježavanje the mindum.
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i osvježila um.
00:48
Now, that soundszvuci completelypotpuno ridiculoussmešno to us now,
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Nama to sada zvuči baš smiješno,
00:51
but GalenGalen was simplyjednostavno tryingpokušavajući to explainobjasni
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ali Galen je prosto pokušao da
objasni
00:53
something about sleepspavaj
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nešto vezano za san
00:54
that we all dealdogovoriti with everysvaki day.
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sa čime se susrećemo svaki dan.
00:57
See, we all know basedbazirana on our ownvlastiti experienceiskustvo
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Na osnovu svog iskustva, svi znamo
00:59
that when you sleepspavaj, it clearsBriše your mindum,
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da nam san razbistruje um
01:02
and when you don't sleepspavaj,
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i nedostatak istog
01:03
it leaveslišće your mindum murkyTaman.
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čini naš um mutnim.
01:06
But while we know a great dealdogovoriti more about sleepspavaj now
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Iako se danas zna mnogo više o snu
01:08
than when GalenGalen was around,
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nego kad je Galen bio živ,
01:10
we still haven'tnije understoodrazumljiv why it is that sleepspavaj,
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još uvijek ne znamo zašto san
01:13
of all of our activitiesaktivnosti, has this incrediblenevjerovatno
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pored svih drugih aktivnosti, ima
nevjerovatnu
01:16
restorativerestorativne functionfunkcija for the mindum.
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iscjeliteljsku moć nad našim umom.
01:18
So todaydanas I want to tell you about
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Danas želim da vam pričam
01:20
some recentnedavno researchistraživanje
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o nedavnom istraživanju
01:21
that maymože shedšupe newnovo lightsvetlo on this questionpitanje.
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koje možda rasvijetli ovo pitanje.
01:24
We'veMoramo foundpronađeno that sleepspavaj maymože actuallyzapravo be
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Otkrili smo da je san zapravo
01:27
a kindkind of elegantelegantno designdizajn solutionrješenje
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takoreći elegantno rješenje
01:30
to some of the brain'smozak mostnajviše basicosnovni needspotrebe,
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za neke od najosnovnijih potreba mozga,
01:32
a uniquejedinstven way that the brainmozak
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jedinstven način na koji mozak
01:34
meetszadovoljava the highvisoka demandszahteva and the narrowuski marginsmargine
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odgovara na velike zahtijeve i finese
01:37
that setset it apartnaravno from all the other organsorgani of the bodytelo.
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koje ga razdvajaju od ostalih organa
tijela.
01:42
So almostgotovo all the biologybiologija that we observepromatrati
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Skoro sva biologija koju posmatramo
01:45
can be thought of as a seriesserije of problemsproblemi
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može se okarakterisati kao niz
problema
01:48
and theirnjihova correspondingodgovara solutionsrešenja,
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i odgovarajućih rješenja.
01:50
and the first problemproblem that everysvaki organorgan mustmora solveriješiti
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Prvi problem koji svaki organ mora da
riješi
01:53
is a continuouskontinuirano supplysnabdevanje of nutrientshranljive materije to fuelgorivo
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je konstantna opskrba svih tih ćelija
01:56
all those cellsćelije of the bodytelo.
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hranjivim materijama.
01:57
In the brainmozak, that is especiallyposebno criticalkritično;
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To je posebno bitno za mozak.
02:00
its intenseintenzivno electricalelektrični activityaktivnost useskoristi up
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Njegova intenzivna električna aktivnost
crpi
02:02
a quarterčetvrtina of the body'stijelo je entirecijeli energyenergija supplysnabdevanje,
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četvrtinu ukupne energije tijela
02:05
even thoughipak the brainmozak accountsračune
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iako mozak zauzima
02:07
for only about two percentprocenta of the body'stijelo je massmasa.
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samo oko 2 procenta tjelesne mase.
02:10
So the circulatorykrvožilni systemsistem
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Krvotok rješava
02:11
solvesRješava the nutrienthranjiva deliverydostava problemproblem
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problem dostave hranjivih materija
02:14
by sendingslanje bloodkrv vesselsplovila to supplysnabdevanje nutrientshranljive materije
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šaljući krvne sudove da obskrbe tim
materijama
02:16
and oxygenkiseonik to everysvaki cornerugao of our bodytelo.
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i kiseonikom svaki pedalj našeg tijela.
02:20
You can actuallyzapravo see it in this videovideo here.
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To možete vidjeti na ovom snimku.
02:23
Here, we're imagingObrada slike bloodkrv vesselsplovila
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Ovdje su prikazani krvni sudovi
02:24
in the brainmozak of a livingživi mousemiš.
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u mozgu živog miša.
02:27
The bloodkrv vesselsplovila formobrazac a complexkompleks networkmreža
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Krvni sudovi formiraju složenu mrežu
02:30
that fillsispunjava the entirecijeli brainmozak volumevolumen.
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koja ispunjava čitavu zapreminu mozga.
02:32
They startpočnite at the surfacepovršine of the brainmozak,
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Oni počinju na površini mozga
02:34
and then they diveronjenje down into the tissuetkivo itselfsam,
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a onda zadiru u samo tkivo.
02:37
and as they spreadširiti out, they supplysnabdevanje nutrientshranljive materije
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Dok se šire, opskrbljuju svaku moždanu
ćeliju
02:39
and oxygenkiseonik to eachsvaki and everysvaki cellćelija in the brainmozak.
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hranjivim materijama i kiseonikom .
02:45
Now, just as everysvaki cellćelija requireszahteva
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Kao što svakoj ćeliji trebaju
02:48
nutrientshranljive materije to fuelgorivo it,
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ove materije za pogon,
02:50
everysvaki cellćelija alsotakođe producesproizvodi wasteotpad as a byproductnusprodukt,
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svaka ćelija proizvodi otpad
02:53
and the clearanceklirens of that wasteotpad
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i uklanjanje tog otpada
02:55
is the secondsekunda basicosnovni problemproblem
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je drugi osnovni problem koji
02:57
that eachsvaki organorgan has to solveriješiti.
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svaki organ treba da riješi.
03:00
This diagramdijagram showspokazuje the body'stijelo je lymphaticLimfni systemsistem,
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Ovaj dijagram prikazuje tjelesni limfni
sistem
03:02
whichšto has evolvedevoluirao to meetupoznaj this need.
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koji je evoluirao kako bi riješio
ovaj problem.
03:05
It's a secondsekunda parallelparalelno networkmreža of vesselsplovila
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Ovo je drugi paralelni sistem sudova
03:07
that extendsprodužava se throughoutu celini the bodytelo.
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koji se prostire po cijelom tijelu.
03:09
It takes up proteinsproteini and other wasteotpad
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On sakuplja proteine i drugi otpad
03:11
from the spacesprostore betweenizmeđu the cellsćelije,
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iz međućelijskih dijelova
03:13
it collectsprikuplja them, and then dumpsdeponija them into the bloodkrv
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i onda ih premiješta u krv
03:16
so they can be disposedzbrinuti of.
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kako bi se oni otklonili.
03:18
But if you look really closelyblisko at this diagramdijagram,
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Ako pažljivije pogledate ovaj
dijagram
03:20
you'llti ćeš see something
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primijetićete da nešto
03:22
that doesn't make a lot of sensesmisao.
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ne štima.
03:24
So if we were to zoomzum into this guy'smomak headglava,
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Ako biste zumirali glavu ovog čovjeka
03:27
one of the things that you would see there
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ono što vidite je da
03:29
is that there are no lymphaticLimfni vesselsplovila in the brainmozak.
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u mozgu nema limfnih sudova.
03:33
But that doesn't make a lot of sensesmisao, does it?
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Ali to nema mnogo smisla.
03:36
I mean, the brainmozak is this intenselyintenzivno activeaktivan organorgan
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Mozak je jedan izuzetno intenzivan
organ
03:39
that producesproizvodi a correspondinglyodgovarajuće
largeveliko amountiznos of wasteotpad
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koji shodno tome proizvodi velike
količine otpada
03:42
that mustmora be efficientlyefikasno clearedočišćeno.
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koji se mora učinkovito otkloniti.
03:44
And yetjoš uvek, it lacksnedostaje lymphaticLimfni vesselsplovila, whichšto meansznači that
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Ipak, on nema limfne sudove,
što znači da
03:47
the approachpristup that the restodmor of the bodytelo takes
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pristup koji ostatak tijela koristi
03:49
to clearingčišćenje away its wasteotpad
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kako bi otklonio otpad
03:51
won'tneće work in the brainmozak.
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neće djelovati u mozgu.
03:54
So how, then, does the brainmozak solveriješiti
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Kako onda mozak rješava
03:56
its wasteotpad clearanceklirens problemproblem?
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problem odstranjivanja otpada?
03:58
Well, that seeminglynaizgled mundanesvakodnevno questionpitanje
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Kod ovog naizgled svakodnevnog pitanja
04:02
is where our groupgrupa first jumpedskočio into this storypriča,
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naša prva grupa ulazi u igru.
04:05
and what we foundpronađeno
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Ono što smo otkrili
04:07
as we dovegolubica down into the brainmozak,
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zaronivši dublje u mozak
04:09
down amongmeđu the neuronsneurona and the bloodkrv vesselsplovila,
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dole među neurone i krvne sudove
04:12
was that the brain'smozak solutionrješenje
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bilo je da je rješenje mozga
04:15
to the problemproblem of wasteotpad clearanceklirens,
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za odstranjivanje otpada
04:17
it was really unexpectedneočekivano.
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sasvim nesvakidašnje.
04:19
It was ingeniousgenijalno,
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Bilo je genijalno,
04:22
but it was alsotakođe beautifulprelepo.
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ali i prelijepo.
04:25
Let me tell you about what we foundpronađeno.
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Da vam ispričam šta smo našli.
04:27
So the brainmozak has this largeveliko poolbazen
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Mozak ima prostor prepun
04:29
of cleančist, clearjasno fluidtekućine calledpozvana cerebrospinallikvoru fluidtekućine.
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čiste i bistre tečnosti koja se zove
cerebrospinalna tečnost.
04:33
We call it the CSFCSF.
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Mi je zovemo CST.
04:34
The CSFCSF fillsispunjava the spaceprostor that surroundsokružuje the brainmozak,
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CST ispunjava prostor koji okružuje
mozak
04:38
and wastesotpada from insideunutra the brainmozak
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i otpad iz mozga
04:39
make theirnjihova way out to the CSFCSF,
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ulazi u CST
04:42
whichšto getsdobiva dumpedbačen, alongzajedno with
the wasteotpad, into the bloodkrv.
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koja se zajedno s otpadnom uliva u krv.
04:45
So in that way, it soundszvuci a lot like
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Ovo puno zvuči kao
04:46
the lymphaticLimfni systemsistem, doesn't it?
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limfni sistem, zar ne?
04:49
But what's interestingzanimljivo is that the fluidtekućine and the wasteotpad
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Ono što je interesantno je da tečnost
i otpad
04:51
from insideunutra the brainmozak,
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iz mozga
04:53
they don't just percolatepercolate theirnjihova way randomlyslučajno
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ne izlaze nasumično
04:55
out to these poolsbazeni of CSFCSF.
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iz ovog prostora CST-a.
04:58
InsteadUmjesto toga, there is a specializedspecijalizovan networkmreža of plumbingvodovod
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Naprotiv, postoji specijalizovan sistem
05:02
that organizesorganizuje and facilitatesolakšava this processproces.
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koji organizuje i podupire ovaj proces.
05:05
You can see that in these videosvideo snimke.
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To možete vidjeti na ovim snimcima.
05:08
Here, we're again imagingObrada slike into the brainmozak
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Ovdje ponovo imate prikaz mozga
05:11
of livingživi micemiševi.
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živog miša.
05:12
The frameokvir on your left showspokazuje
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Slika lijevo prikazuje
05:14
what's happeningdešava se at the brain'smozak surfacepovršine,
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šta se dešava na površini mozga
05:16
and the frameokvir on your right showspokazuje
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a slika desno prikazuje
05:18
what's happeningdešava se down belowdole the surfacepovršine of the brainmozak
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šta se dešava ispod površine mozga
05:20
withinunutar the tissuetkivo itselfsam.
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unutar samog tkiva.
05:21
We'veMoramo labeleds oznakom the bloodkrv vesselsplovila in redcrvena,
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Krvni sudovi su crvene boje
05:24
and the CSFCSF that's surroundingokolo the brainmozak
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a CST koja okružuje mozak
05:26
will be in greenzeleno.
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je zelene.
05:27
Now, what was surprisingiznenađujuće to us
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Ono što nas je iznenadilo je
05:29
was that the fluidtekućine on the outsidespolja of the brainmozak,
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to da tečnost izvan mozga
05:32
it didn't stayostani on the outsidespolja.
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nije ostala izvan njega.
05:35
InsteadUmjesto toga, the CSFCSF was pumpedpumpa back into
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CST se vratila unutar
05:39
and throughkroz the brainmozak
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i prošla kroz krv
05:41
alongzajedno the outsidesvani of the bloodkrv vesselsplovila,
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duž vanjskog dijela krvnih sudova.
05:44
and as it flushedmlaz vode down into the brainmozak
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Dok se spuštala u mozak
05:46
alongzajedno the outsidesvani of these vesselsplovila,
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duž vanjskog dijela ovih sudova
05:48
it was actuallyzapravo helpingpomažući to clearjasno away,
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ona je zapravo pomagala u otklanjanju
05:51
to cleančist the wasteotpad from the spacesprostore
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otpada iz
05:53
betweenizmeđu the brain'smozak cellsćelije.
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međućelijskog prostora.
05:56
If you think about it,
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Ako razmislite o tome,
05:58
usingkoristeći the outsidesvani of these bloodkrv vesselsplovila like this
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korištenje vanjskog dijela ovih sudova
06:01
is a really cleverpametan designdizajn solutionrješenje,
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je jako pametno rješenje
06:04
because the brainmozak is enclosedu prilogu
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jer je mozak zatvoren
06:07
in a rigidkrute skulllobanja
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u čvrstu lobanju
06:08
and it's packedupakovan fullpun of cellsćelije,
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i prepun je ćelija
06:10
so there is no extraekstra spaceprostor insideunutra it
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tako da u njemu nema dodatnog
prostora
06:13
for a wholecjelina secondsekunda setset of vesselsplovila
like the lymphaticLimfni systemsistem.
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za čitav set sudova jednog
limfnog sistema.
06:17
YetJoš the bloodkrv vesselsplovila,
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Ipak, krvni sudovi
06:18
they extendprodužiti from the surfacepovršine of the brainmozak
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se protežu sa površine mozga
06:20
down to reachdostignuti everysvaki singlesingl cellćelija in the brainmozak,
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do svake žive ćelije mozga
06:23
whichšto meansznači that fluidtekućine
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što znači da tečnost
06:24
that's travelingputovanje alongzajedno the outsidesvani of these vesselsplovila
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koja putuje duž vanjskog dijela krvnih
sudova
06:27
can gaindobit easylako accesspristup to the entirecijeli brain'smozak volumevolumen,
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može dobiti pristup cijelokupnoj
zapremini mozga,
06:31
so it's actuallyzapravo this really cleverpametan way
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tako da je ovo jako pametan način
za prekvalifikaciju jednog seta sudova,
06:33
to repurposerepurpose one setset of vesselsplovila, the bloodkrv vesselsplovila,
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06:37
to take over and replacezamijeniti the functionfunkcija
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krvnih sudova, koji preuzimaju funkciju
06:40
of a secondsekunda setset of vesselsplovila, the lymphaticLimfni vesselsplovila,
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drugog seta sudova, limfnih sudova
06:43
to make it so you don't need them.
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kako bi se pobrinuli da ih ne trebamo.
06:45
And what's amazingNeverovatno is that no other organorgan
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Ono što je zapanjujuće je da nijedan
drugi organ
06:48
takes quitesasvim this approachpristup
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ne koristi ovaj pristup
06:49
to clearingčišćenje away the wasteotpad from betweenizmeđu its cellsćelije.
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kako bi otklonio međućelijski otpad.
06:52
This is a solutionrješenje that is entirelyu potpunosti uniquejedinstven to the brainmozak.
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Ovo rješenje je karakteristično samo
za mozak.
06:58
But our mostnajviše surprisingiznenađujuće findingpronalaženje
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Ali najiznenađujuće otkriće
07:00
was that all of this,
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je da se sve ovo
07:03
everything I just told you about,
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što sam vam rekao
07:05
with all this fluidtekućine rushingbrzo throughkroz the brainmozak,
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o ovoj tečnosti koja ide kroz mozak
07:08
it's only happeningdešava se in the sleepingspavanje brainmozak.
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samo se dešava u stanju sna.
07:12
Here, the videovideo on the left
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Snimak lijevo
07:14
showspokazuje how much of the CSFCSF is movingkretanje
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pokazuje koliko se CST kreće
07:16
throughkroz the brainmozak of a livingživi mousemiš while it's awakebudan.
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kroz mozak miša koji je budan.
07:20
It's almostgotovo nothing.
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Skoro pa ništa.
07:22
YetJoš in the sameisto animalživotinja,
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Ali u istoj životinji
07:23
if we wait just a little while untildo it's gonenestao to sleepspavaj,
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ako samo malo sačekamo da zaspi
07:26
what we see is that the CSFCSF
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ono što vidimo je da CST
07:29
is rushingbrzo throughkroz the brainmozak,
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poput bujice ide kroz mozak.
07:31
and we discoveredotkriveni that at the sameisto time
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Otkrili smo i da u isto vrijeme
07:34
when the brainmozak goeside to sleepspavaj,
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kada mozak zaspi
07:36
the brainmozak cellsćelije themselvessami seemizgleda to shrinksmanjiti,
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moždane ćelije se, čini se, smanje
07:39
openingotvaranje up spacesprostore in betweenizmeđu them,
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i daju malo međuprostora,
07:41
allowingdozvoljavajući fluidtekućine to rushžurba throughkroz
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što omogućava tečnosti da jurne
07:43
and allowingdozvoljavajući wasteotpad to be clearedočišćeno out.
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i time očisti otpad.
07:46
So it seemsizgleda that GalenGalen maymože actuallyzapravo have been
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Izgleda da je Galen zapravo
07:48
sortsortiraj of on the right trackstaza when he wrotenapisao je about
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bio na pravom putu kada je pisao o
07:51
fluidtekućine rushingbrzo throughkroz the brainmozak
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tečnosti koja šiklja kroz mozak
07:53
when sleepspavaj camedošao on.
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kada spavamo.
07:55
Our ownvlastiti researchistraživanje, now it's 2,000 yearsgodine laterkasnije,
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Naše istraživanje, 2000 godina poslije,
07:58
suggestssugeriše that what's happeningdešava se is that
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upućuje na to da
08:00
when the brainmozak is awakebudan
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kada je mozak budan
08:03
and is at its mostnajviše busyzauzeto,
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i najzauzetiji
08:05
it putsstavlja off clearingčišćenje away the wasteotpad
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on odgađa odstranjivanje otpada
08:07
from the spacesprostore betweenizmeđu its cellsćelije untildo laterkasnije,
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iz međućelijskog prostora
08:10
and then, when it goeside to sleepspavaj
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i onda kada zaspi
08:12
and doesn't have to be as busyzauzeto,
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i nije toliko zauzet
08:14
it shiftssmjene into a kindkind of cleaningčišćenje modemod
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prebacuje se u stanje čišćenja
08:17
to clearjasno away the wasteotpad
194
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i odstranjuje otpad
08:19
from the spacesprostore betweenizmeđu its cellsćelije,
195
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iz međućelijskog prostora,
08:20
the wasteotpad that's accumulatedakumulirano throughoutu celini the day.
196
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otpad koji se nakuplja tokom dana.
08:22
So it's actuallyzapravo a little bitbit like how you or I,
197
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To je nekako kao kad vi ili ja
08:25
we put off our householddomaćinstvo choreskućanske poslove duringtokom the work weeksedmicu
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odgađamo naše kućanske poslove
u toku radne sedmice
08:28
when we don't have time to get to it,
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kada nemamo puno vremena
08:29
and then we playigraj catchuhvatiti up on all
the cleaningčišćenje that we have to do
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i onda kada dođe vikend
08:33
when the weekendvikend rollsrolne around.
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trudimo se da sve nadoknadimo.
08:35
Now, I've just talkedpričao a lot about wasteotpad clearanceklirens,
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Puno sam pričao o odstranjivanju
otpada
08:39
but I haven'tnije been very specificspecifično
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ali nisam bio konkretan
08:40
about the kindsvrste of wasteotpad
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u vezi sa tipovima otpada
08:42
that the brainmozak needspotrebe to be clearingčišćenje
205
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koje mozak treba da odstrani
08:44
duringtokom sleepspavaj in ordernaruči to stayostani healthyzdrav.
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tokom sna kako bi ostao zdrav.
08:46
The wasteotpad productproizvod that these recentnedavno studiesstudije
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Štetni proizvod na koji se
08:48
focusedfokusiran mostnajviše on is amyloid-betaamiloid-beta,
208
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recentne studije mahom fokusiraju
je amiloid-beta.
08:50
whichšto is a proteinprotein that's madenapravljen
in the brainmozak all the time.
209
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3195
To je protein koji se konstantno proizvodi
u mozgu.
08:54
My brain'smozak makingstvaranje amyloid-betaamiloid-beta right now,
210
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1858
Moj mozak upravo proizvodi
amiloid-betu
08:55
and so is yourstvoje.
211
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a i vaš.
08:58
But in patientspacijenti with Alzheimer'sAlzheimerova diseasebolesti,
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2002
Ali kog oboljelih od Alchajmerove
09:00
amyloid-betaamiloid-beta buildsgradi up and aggregatesagregati
213
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2599
amiloid-beta se nakuplja
09:02
in the spacesprostore betweenizmeđu the brain'smozak cellsćelije,
214
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2013
u međućelijskom prostoru
09:04
insteadumjesto toga of beingbiće clearedočišćeno away
like it's supposednavodno to be,
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3426
umjesto da se otklanja
09:08
and it's this buildupnakupljanje of amyloid-betaamiloid-beta
216
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2010
i smatra se da su upravo ove nakupine
09:10
that's thought to be one of the keyključ stepskoraci
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2213
amiloid-bete jedan od ključnih koraka
09:12
in the developmentrazvoj of that terriblestrašno diseasebolesti.
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u razvitku ove strašne bolesti.
09:15
So we measuredmjereno how fastbrzo amyloid-betaamiloid-beta is clearedočišćeno
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3094
Izmjerili smo koliko brzo se amiloid-beta
otklanja
09:18
from the brainmozak when it's awakebudan
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iz mozga u budnom stanju
09:19
versusprotiv when it's asleepzaspati,
221
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1778
a koliko u snu.
09:21
and we foundpronađeno that indeedzaista,
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1878
Otkrili smo da, zaista,
09:23
the clearanceklirens of amyloid-betaamiloid-beta
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otklanjanje amiloid-bete
09:25
is much more rapidbrzo from the sleepingspavanje brainmozak.
224
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je mnogo brže u mozgu koji spava.
09:29
So if sleepspavaj, then,
225
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Ako je spavanje
09:31
is partdeo of the brain'smozak solutionrješenje
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1958
dio rješenja mozga
09:33
to the problemproblem of wasteotpad clearanceklirens,
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2010
za problem otklanjanja otpada
09:35
then this maymože dramaticallydramatično changepromjena how we think
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onda će ovo itekako promijeniti
naše razmišljanje
09:37
about the relationshipveza betweenizmeđu sleepspavaj,
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o vezi između sna,
09:40
amyloid-betaamiloid-beta, and Alzheimer'sAlzheimerova diseasebolesti.
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amiloid-bete i Alchajmerove bolesti.
09:43
A seriesserije of recentnedavno clinicalklinički studiesstudije
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1958
Niz skorašnjih kliničkih studija
09:45
suggestpredlažem that amongmeđu patientspacijenti
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upućuje da među pacijentima
09:47
who haven'tnije yetjoš uvek developedrazvijen Alzheimer'sAlzheimerova diseasebolesti,
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koji još uvijek nisu
dobili Alchajmerovu
09:50
worseningpogoršanje sleepspavaj qualitykvaliteta and sleepspavaj durationtrajanje
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pogoršano spavanje i njegovo trajanje
09:53
are associatedpovezani with a greaterveće amountiznos
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2018
su povezani sa većom količinom
09:55
of amyloid-betaamiloid-beta buildingzgrade up in the brainmozak,
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nakupina amiloid-bete u mozgu.
09:58
and while it's importantbitan to pointtačka out
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Važno je istaknuti da, iako
10:00
that these studiesstudije don't provedokazati
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ove studije ne dokazuju
10:01
that lacknedostatak of sleepspavaj or poorsiromašno sleepspavaj
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da nedostatak ili loš san
10:04
causeuzrok Alzheimer'sAlzheimerova diseasebolesti,
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uzrokuju Alchajmerovu,
10:06
they do suggestpredlažem that the failureneuspeh of the brainmozak
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one upućuju da neuspjeh mozga
10:09
to keep its housekuća cleančist
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da očisti kuću
10:10
by clearingčišćenje away wasteotpad like amyloid-betaamiloid-beta
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uklanjajući otpad poput
amiloid-bete
10:13
maymože contributedoprineti to the developmentrazvoj
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može doprinijeti razvitku
10:15
of conditionsuslovi like Alzheimer'sAlzheimerova.
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bolesti poput Alchajmerove.
10:19
So what this newnovo researchistraživanje tellskaže us, then,
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Ono što nam ovo istraživanje
govori
10:21
is that the one thing that all of you
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je da jedna stvar koju ste svi
10:23
alreadyveć knewznao je about sleepspavaj,
248
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već znali o snu,
10:24
that even GalenGalen understoodrazumljiv about sleepspavaj,
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koju je čak i Galen shvatio,
10:27
that it refreshesOsvježava and clearsBriše the mindum,
250
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da osvježava i razbistruje um,
10:30
maymože actuallyzapravo be a bigveliki partdeo
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je možda glavni razlog
10:32
of what sleepspavaj is all about.
252
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što san postoji.
10:34
See, you and I, we go to sleepspavaj
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Vi i ja, mi idemo na spavanje
10:36
everysvaki singlesingl night,
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svako veče,
10:37
but our brainsmozgovi, they never restodmor.
255
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ali naš mozak se nikada ne odmara.
10:40
While our bodytelo is still
256
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1834
Dok naše tijelo miruje
10:42
and our mindum is off walkinghodanje in dreamssnove somewherenegde,
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i naš um hoda u snovima,
10:45
the elegantelegantno machinerymašine of the brainmozak
258
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elegantna mašinerija našeg mozga
10:47
is quietlytiho hardteško at work
259
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1980
marljivo radi svoj posao,
10:49
cleaningčišćenje and maintainingodržavanje
260
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2193
čisti i održava
10:51
this unimaginablynezamislivo complexkompleks machinemašina.
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ovu nevjerovatno složenu mašinu.
10:54
Like our houseworkkućanske poslove,
262
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Kao i kućanski posao,
10:55
it's a dirtyprljavi and a thanklessnezahvalan jobposao,
263
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to je prljav i nezahvalan posao,
10:58
but it's alsotakođe importantbitan.
264
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ali je isto jako bitan.
11:00
In your housekuća, if you stop cleaningčišćenje your kitchenkuhinja
265
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2403
Ako prestanete da čistite kuhinju
11:02
for a monthmesec,
266
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1908
na jedan mjesec
11:04
your home will becomepostati completelypotpuno unlivableZbilja je prljava
267
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vaša kuća vrlo brzo neće imati
11:07
very quicklybrzo.
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uslove za život.
11:08
But in the brainmozak, the consequencesposledice
269
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2088
Ali u mozgu, posljedice neuspjeha
11:10
of fallingpada behindiza maymože be much greaterveće
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mogu biti mnogo ozbiljnije
11:13
than the embarrassmentsramota of dirtyprljavi countertopsNape,
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od nelagode uzrokovane
prašnjavim kredencima,
11:16
because when it comesdolazi to cleaningčišćenje the brainmozak,
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jer kada je u pitanju mozak
11:19
it is the very healthzdravlje and functionfunkcija
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zdravlje i funkcija
11:21
of the mindum and the bodytelo that's at stakeuloga,
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uma i tijela je na kocki
11:24
whichšto is why understandingrazumevanje these
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i zbog toga, shvatanje ovih
11:26
very basicosnovni housekeepingusluga čišćenja functionsfunkcije of the brainmozak todaydanas
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osnovnih funkcija čišćenja našeg mozga
danas
11:30
maymože be criticalkritično for preventingsprečavajući and treatinglečenje
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možda je od presudne važnosti
za prevenciju i liječenje
11:33
diseasesbolesti of the mindum tomorrowsutra.
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bolesti uma sutra.
11:36
Thank you.
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Hvala.
11:38
(ApplausePljesak)
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Translated by Adisa Ejubovic
Reviewed by Nedžad Neziri

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jeff Iliff - Neuroscientist
Jeff Iliff is a neuroscientist who explores the unique functions of the brain.

Why you should listen
Neuroscientist Jeff Iliff 's research follows two main paths. The first is the exploration of how the brain’s support cells, called glia, contribute to maintaining the proper environment for neuronal function and how their failure in conditions like vascular dementia, stroke, and traumatic brain injury leads to neurodegeneration. The second seeks to define the basic cellular mechanisms by which brain blood flow is coordinated up and down the vascular tree. Now an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at Oregon Health & Science University, Jeff was a part of a University of Rochester Medical Center team that discovered a brain cleansing system, which they dubbed the “glymphatic system.”
More profile about the speaker
Jeff Iliff | Speaker | TED.com

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