ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jeff Iliff - Neuroscientist
Jeff Iliff is a neuroscientist who explores the unique functions of the brain.

Why you should listen
Neuroscientist Jeff Iliff 's research follows two main paths. The first is the exploration of how the brain’s support cells, called glia, contribute to maintaining the proper environment for neuronal function and how their failure in conditions like vascular dementia, stroke, and traumatic brain injury leads to neurodegeneration. The second seeks to define the basic cellular mechanisms by which brain blood flow is coordinated up and down the vascular tree. Now an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at Oregon Health & Science University, Jeff was a part of a University of Rochester Medical Center team that discovered a brain cleansing system, which they dubbed the “glymphatic system.”
More profile about the speaker
Jeff Iliff | Speaker | TED.com
TEDMED 2014

Jeff Iliff: One more reason to get a good night's sleep

傑夫.伊禮夫: 睡眠有理,再添一記

Filmed:
5,135,628 views

大腦耗用身體全部能量的 1/4,卻只占全身質量的 2%。那麼,這個獨特的器官如何接收和—或許更重要的是—清除重要的營養素?最新研究發現,這跟睡眠有關。
- Neuroscientist
Jeff Iliff is a neuroscientist who explores the unique functions of the brain. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Sleep睡覺.
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睡眠
00:14
It's something we spend about
a third第三 of our lives生活 doing,
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用掉我們生命整整 1/3 的時間。
00:17
but do any of us really understand理解 what it's all about?
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但是有誰真正了解睡眠呢?
00:20
Two thousand years年份 ago, Galen蓋倫,
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兩千年前,蓋倫,
00:22
one of the most prominent突出 medical researchers研究人員
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古代數一數二的醫學專家,
00:25
of the ancient world世界,
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00:26
proposed建議 that while we're awake甦醒,
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認為我們醒著的時候
00:28
our brain's大腦的 motive動機 force, its juice果汁,
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大腦的動力—腦汁,
00:31
would flow out to all the other parts部分 of the body身體,
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會流出腦外,流到全身各部位
00:34
animating動畫 them but leaving離開 the brain all dried up,
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活絡全身,
但是讓大腦枯竭。
蓋倫認為當我們睡著,
00:38
and he thought that when we sleep睡覺,
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00:40
all this moisture濕氣 that filled填充 the rest休息 of the body身體
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身體的汁液
00:42
would come rushing back,
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會流灌回大腦,
00:44
rehydrating再水化 the brain
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重新濕潤大腦,
00:46
and refreshing清爽 the mind心神.
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使大腦甦活。
00:48
Now, that sounds聲音 completely全然 ridiculous荒謬 to us now,
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現在我們覺得這個看法很荒唐,
00:51
but Galen蓋倫 was simply只是 trying to explain說明
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但蓋倫只是想解釋睡眠現象,
00:53
something about sleep睡覺
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是我們每天都在面對的。
00:54
that we all deal合同 with every一切 day.
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00:57
See, we all know based基於 on our own擁有 experience經驗
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我們憑經驗都知道
00:59
that when you sleep睡覺, it clears清零 your mind心神,
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睡眠會清理我們的頭腦。
01:02
and when you don't sleep睡覺,
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不睡覺,
01:03
it leaves樹葉 your mind心神 murky模糊.
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頭腦會變得昏昏沉沉。
01:06
But while we know a great deal合同 more about sleep睡覺 now
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我們現在雖然更認識睡眠,
01:08
than when Galen蓋倫 was around,
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比蓋倫的時代更了解,
01:10
we still haven't沒有 understood了解 why it is that sleep睡覺,
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但是我們還是搞不懂
為什麼所有人體活動中,
01:13
of all of our activities活動, has this incredible難以置信
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睡眠獨具這種奇妙的修復大腦功能。
01:16
restorative恢復 function功能 for the mind心神.
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01:18
So today今天 I want to tell you about
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所以今天我要分享最新研究
01:20
some recent最近 research研究
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01:21
that may可能 shed new light on this question.
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提供的可能答案。
01:24
We've我們已經 found發現 that sleep睡覺 may可能 actually其實 be
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我們發現,睡眠可能是
01:27
a kind of elegant優雅 design設計 solution
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一種精密的設計,
01:30
to some of the brain's大腦的 most basic基本 needs需求,
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用來滿足大腦某些最基本的需求。
01:32
a unique獨特 way that the brain
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大腦用這種獨特的方式
01:34
meets符合 the high demands需要 and the narrow狹窄 margins利潤率
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來應付本身的高度需求和不容差錯,
01:37
that set it apart距離 from all the other organs器官 of the body身體.
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這些特性使大腦和其他器官截然不同。
01:42
So almost幾乎 all the biology生物學 that we observe
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我們觀察到的幾乎所有生物現象
01:45
can be thought of as a series系列 of problems問題
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都可以看成是一連串的問題
01:48
and their corresponding相應 solutions解決方案,
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和相對的解決方法。
01:50
and the first problem問題 that every一切 organ器官 must必須 solve解決
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而所有器官都必須解決的頭號問題是
01:53
is a continuous連續 supply供應 of nutrients營養成分 to fuel汽油
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如何源源不絕的供應營養素
以提供身體細胞所需。
01:56
all those cells細胞 of the body身體.
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01:57
In the brain, that is especially特別 critical危急;
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對大腦而言,這更是至關重要。
02:00
its intense激烈 electrical電動 activity活動 uses使用 up
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大腦密集強烈的電子活動
02:02
a quarter25美分硬幣 of the body's身體的 entire整個 energy能源 supply供應,
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耗用全身能量的 1/4,
02:05
even though雖然 the brain accounts賬戶
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雖然大腦只占
02:07
for only about two percent百分 of the body's身體的 mass.
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全身質量的 2%。
02:10
So the circulatory循環系統 system系統
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循環系統
02:11
solves解決了 the nutrient養分 delivery交貨 problem問題
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負責解決輸送營養的問題,
02:14
by sending發出 blood血液 vessels船隻 to supply供應 nutrients營養成分
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利用血管傳送營養素和氧氣
02:16
and oxygen to every一切 corner of our body身體.
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到全身每一個部位。
02:20
You can actually其實 see it in this video視頻 here.
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你可以從這個影片看到
02:23
Here, we're imaging成像 blood血液 vessels船隻
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這是一隻活體老鼠的大腦血管影像。
02:24
in the brain of a living活的 mouse老鼠.
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這些血管形成複雜的網絡
02:27
The blood血液 vessels船隻 form形成 a complex複雜 network網絡
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02:30
that fills填充 the entire整個 brain volume.
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充滿整個大腦,
02:32
They start開始 at the surface表面 of the brain,
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從大腦的表層
02:34
and then they dive潛水 down into the tissue組織 itself本身,
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一直深入到組織本身。
02:37
and as they spread傳播 out, they supply供應 nutrients營養成分
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隨著血管延伸,供應營養素和氧氣
02:39
and oxygen to each and every一切 cell細胞 in the brain.
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給大腦裡面每一個細胞。
02:45
Now, just as every一切 cell細胞 requires要求
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接著,
就像每個細胞都需要養分才能生存,
02:48
nutrients營養成分 to fuel汽油 it,
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02:50
every一切 cell細胞 also produces產生 waste浪費 as a byproduct副產品,
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所有細胞也都會產生副產品—廢物。
02:53
and the clearance淨空 of that waste浪費
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要怎麼清理這些廢物
02:55
is the second第二 basic基本 problem問題
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是每個器官都要解決的第二個問題。
02:57
that each organ器官 has to solve解決.
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03:00
This diagram shows節目 the body's身體的 lymphatic淋巴 system系統,
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這是人體的淋巴系統。
03:02
which哪一個 has evolved進化 to meet遇到 this need.
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經過演化,現在負責清除身體的廢物。
03:05
It's a second第二 parallel平行 network網絡 of vessels船隻
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淋巴系統是第二套循環系統,
03:07
that extends擴展 throughout始終 the body身體.
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網絡遍佈全身。
03:09
It takes up proteins蛋白質 and other waste浪費
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它會帶走細胞之間的蛋白質和其他廢物,
03:11
from the spaces空間 between之間 the cells細胞,
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收集起來,排到血液裡,
03:13
it collects收集 them, and then dumps轉儲 them into the blood血液
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03:16
so they can be disposed處置 of.
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藉此把廢物清除。
03:18
But if you look really closely密切 at this diagram,
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可是如果你仔細看這張圖,
03:20
you'll你會 see something
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會發現很奇怪的地方。
03:22
that doesn't make a lot of sense.
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03:24
So if we were to zoom放大 into this guy's傢伙 head,
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我們如果把頭部放大來看,
03:27
one of the things that you would see there
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你會發現
03:29
is that there are no lymphatic淋巴 vessels船隻 in the brain.
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大腦裡面沒有淋巴管。
03:33
But that doesn't make a lot of sense, does it?
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但是這樣不合理,對吧?
03:36
I mean, the brain is this intensely激烈 active活性 organ器官
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大腦明明是非常活躍的器官,
03:39
that produces產生 a correspondingly相應地
large amount of waste浪費
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每天製造非常大量的廢物,
03:42
that must必須 be efficiently有效率的 cleared清除.
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必須有效地清除。
03:44
And yet然而, it lacks缺乏 lymphatic淋巴 vessels船隻, which哪一個 means手段 that
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可是大腦卻沒有淋巴管,
這表示身體其他器官清理廢物的方法
03:47
the approach途徑 that the rest休息 of the body身體 takes
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03:49
to clearing空地 away its waste浪費
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03:51
won't慣於 work in the brain.
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並不適用於大腦。
03:54
So how, then, does the brain solve解決
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那麼,大腦究竟要怎麼解決
03:56
its waste浪費 clearance淨空 problem問題?
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廢物清理的問題?
03:58
Well, that seemingly似乎 mundane平凡 question
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這個看似很普通的問題
04:02
is where our group first jumped跳下 into this story故事,
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引發我們團隊開始深入研究。
04:05
and what we found發現
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我們發現,
04:07
as we dove鴿子 down into the brain,
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當我們探進大腦的深層,
04:09
down among其中 the neurons神經元 and the blood血液 vessels船隻,
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來到神經元和血管之間,
04:12
was that the brain's大腦的 solution
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我們發現大腦清理廢物的方法
04:15
to the problem問題 of waste浪費 clearance淨空,
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04:17
it was really unexpected意外.
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超乎我們的想像。
04:19
It was ingenious巧妙,
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實在太天才了,
04:22
but it was also beautiful美麗.
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也非常美。
04:25
Let me tell you about what we found發現.
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我來說明一下。
04:27
So the brain has this large pool
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大腦有一個很大的「水池」,
裡面充滿乾淨、透明的液體,
叫做「腦脊髓液」,
04:29
of clean清潔, clear明確 fluid流體 called cerebrospinal腦脊液 fluid流體.
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04:33
We call it the CSFCSF.
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簡稱 CSF。
04:34
The CSFCSF fills填充 the space空間 that surrounds圍繞著 the brain,
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腦脊髓液充滿大腦周圍的空間,
04:38
and wastes廢物 from inside the brain
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廢物會從大腦裡面
04:39
make their way out to the CSFCSF,
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排出到腦脊髓液,
04:42
which哪一個 gets得到 dumped, along沿 with
the waste浪費, into the blood血液.
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然後跟著腦脊髓液一起流到血液裡。
04:45
So in that way, it sounds聲音 a lot like
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原理聽起來有點像淋巴系統,對吧?
04:46
the lymphatic淋巴 system系統, doesn't it?
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04:49
But what's interesting有趣 is that the fluid流體 and the waste浪費
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但是特別的是,
大腦裡面的液體和廢物
04:51
from inside the brain,
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04:53
they don't just percolate過濾 their way randomly隨機
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並不是隨便滲透到腦脊髓液裡,
04:55
out to these pools of CSFCSF.
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04:58
Instead代替, there is a specialized專門 network網絡 of plumbing水暖
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而是有一個專門的「打水系統」
05:02
that organizes舉辦 and facilitates功能有助於 this process處理.
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來指揮、促進這個過程。
05:05
You can see that in these videos視頻.
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你可以從這些影片裡看到
05:08
Here, we're again imaging成像 into the brain
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這些也是活體老鼠大腦的影像。
05:11
of living活的 mice老鼠.
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左邊是大腦表層的活動,
05:12
The frame on your left shows節目
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05:14
what's happening事件 at the brain's大腦的 surface表面,
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05:16
and the frame on your right shows節目
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右邊是大腦表層下面
05:18
what's happening事件 down below下面 the surface表面 of the brain
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組織裡面的活動。
05:20
within the tissue組織 itself本身.
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05:21
We've我們已經 labeled標記 the blood血液 vessels船隻 in red,
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我們把血管標成紅色,
05:24
and the CSFCSF that's surrounding周圍 the brain
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大腦周圍的腦脊髓液會標綠色。
05:26
will be in green綠色.
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我們很驚訝地發現,
05:27
Now, what was surprising奇怪 to us
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05:29
was that the fluid流體 on the outside of the brain,
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大腦周圍的腦脊髓液
05:32
it didn't stay on the outside.
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沒有留在外面,
05:35
Instead代替, the CSFCSF was pumped back into
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而是被打回大腦裡面,穿透進去,
05:39
and through通過 the brain
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05:41
along沿 the outsides外側 of the blood血液 vessels船隻,
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發生在沿著血管外緣的地方。
當血管旁邊的腦脊髓液,沖進大腦裡,
05:44
and as it flushed down into the brain
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05:46
along沿 the outsides外側 of these vessels船隻,
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05:48
it was actually其實 helping幫助 to clear明確 away,
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其實是在幫忙清除
05:51
to clean清潔 the waste浪費 from the spaces空間
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腦細胞間的空隙裡的廢物。
05:53
between之間 the brain's大腦的 cells細胞.
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05:56
If you think about it,
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你仔細想,就會知道
05:58
using運用 the outsides外側 of these blood血液 vessels船隻 like this
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像這樣利用血管外緣
06:01
is a really clever聰明 design設計 solution,
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是很聰明的設計。
06:04
because the brain is enclosed封閉
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因為大腦是包在堅硬的腦殼裡,
06:07
in a rigid死板 skull頭骨
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06:08
and it's packed打包 full充分 of cells細胞,
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裡面裝滿了腦細胞,
06:10
so there is no extra額外 space空間 inside it
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沒辦法再塞進一整組
06:13
for a whole整個 second第二 set of vessels船隻
like the lymphatic淋巴 system系統.
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像淋巴系統那樣的管路。
06:17
Yet然而 the blood血液 vessels船隻,
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而腦中的血管
06:18
they extend延伸 from the surface表面 of the brain
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從大腦的表面
06:20
down to reach達到 every一切 single cell細胞 in the brain,
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一直擴散深入,到最裡面的每一個細胞。
06:23
which哪一個 means手段 that fluid流體
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這表示
這些沿著血管外緣跑的液體,
06:24
that's traveling旅行 along沿 the outsides外側 of these vessels船隻
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可以很容易跟著進到整顆大腦。
06:27
can gain獲得 easy簡單 access訪問 to the entire整個 brain's大腦的 volume,
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所以,就是透過這個聰明的設計
06:31
so it's actually其實 this really clever聰明 way
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06:33
to repurpose重新規劃 one set of vessels船隻, the blood血液 vessels船隻,
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叫大腦血管多做一件事,
06:37
to take over and replace更換 the function功能
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負責淋巴管該做的工作,取而代之,
06:40
of a second第二 set of vessels船隻, the lymphatic淋巴 vessels船隻,
156
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3183
06:43
to make it so you don't need them.
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這樣就不需要淋巴管了。
06:45
And what's amazing驚人 is that no other organ器官
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最奇妙的是,
身體其他器官,都沒有用這種方式
06:48
takes quite相當 this approach途徑
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06:49
to clearing空地 away the waste浪費 from between之間 its cells細胞.
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清除細胞之間的廢物。
06:52
This is a solution that is entirely完全 unique獨特 to the brain.
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這是大腦特有的方法。
06:58
But our most surprising奇怪 finding發現
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我們最驚人的發現是,
07:00
was that all of this,
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大腦這整個設計,
07:03
everything I just told you about,
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我剛才講的所有過程,
07:05
with all this fluid流體 rushing through通過 the brain,
165
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這些腦脊髓液滲透大腦
07:08
it's only happening事件 in the sleeping睡眠 brain.
166
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只發生在我們睡著的時候。
07:12
Here, the video視頻 on the left
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左邊的影片
07:14
shows節目 how much of the CSFCSF is moving移動
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可以看出有多少腦脊髓液流進大腦,
07:16
through通過 the brain of a living活的 mouse老鼠 while it's awake甦醒.
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這是活體老鼠醒著時候的大腦。
07:20
It's almost幾乎 nothing.
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幾乎沒有滲透。
07:22
Yet然而 in the same相同 animal動物,
171
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但是同樣這隻老鼠,
07:23
if we wait just a little while until直到 it's gone走了 to sleep睡覺,
172
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3205
如果我們等一下,等牠睡著,
07:26
what we see is that the CSFCSF
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就會看到腦脊髓液
07:29
is rushing through通過 the brain,
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大量湧進腦裡。
07:31
and we discovered發現 that at the same相同 time
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我們也發現
大腦睡著的同時,
07:34
when the brain goes to sleep睡覺,
176
441958
2612
07:36
the brain cells細胞 themselves他們自己 seem似乎 to shrink收縮,
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腦細胞似乎會縮小,
07:39
opening開盤 up spaces空間 in between之間 them,
178
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使細胞之間的空隙變大,
07:41
allowing允許 fluid流體 to rush through通過
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開路讓液體流過
07:43
and allowing允許 waste浪費 to be cleared清除 out.
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把廢物帶走。
07:46
So it seems似乎 that Galen蓋倫 may可能 actually其實 have been
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這麼說,
蓋倫很可能看出一些端倪,
07:48
sort分類 of on the right track跟踪 when he wrote about
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他說腦汁會在人睡著時
07:51
fluid流體 rushing through通過 the brain
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沖進大腦。
07:53
when sleep睡覺 came來了 on.
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07:55
Our own擁有 research研究, now it's 2,000 years年份 later後來,
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我們的研究在蓋倫兩千年以後
07:58
suggests提示 that what's happening事件 is that
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發現,
大腦醒著
08:00
when the brain is awake甦醒
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08:03
and is at its most busy,
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而且最忙的時候,
08:05
it puts看跌期權 off clearing空地 away the waste浪費
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會把清理工作暫時擱著,
08:07
from the spaces空間 between之間 its cells細胞 until直到 later後來,
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暫時先不管細胞間囤積的廢物。
08:10
and then, when it goes to sleep睡覺
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等我們睡著了,
08:12
and doesn't have to be as busy,
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大腦比較沒那麼忙,
08:14
it shifts轉變 into a kind of cleaning清潔的 mode模式
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就會啟動清除模式
08:17
to clear明確 away the waste浪費
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開始倒垃圾,
08:19
from the spaces空間 between之間 its cells細胞,
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打掃細胞之間的空間,
08:20
the waste浪費 that's accumulated積累 throughout始終 the day.
196
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清除堆積了一整天的廢物。
08:22
So it's actually其實 a little bit like how you or I,
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所以其實有點像你跟我
08:25
we put off our household家庭 chores瑣事 during the work week
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週間不打掃家裡,
08:28
when we don't have time to get to it,
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因為太忙沒時間打掃。
08:29
and then we play catch抓住 up on all
the cleaning清潔的 that we have to do
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堆積如山後,再來個大掃除,
08:33
when the weekend週末 rolls勞斯萊斯 around.
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利用週末打掃乾淨。
08:35
Now, I've just talked a lot about waste浪費 clearance淨空,
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我剛講了很多廢物清除,
08:39
but I haven't沒有 been very specific具體
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但是還沒有說明
08:40
about the kinds of waste浪費
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大腦要利用睡眠時,清除哪些廢物,
08:42
that the brain needs需求 to be clearing空地
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08:44
during sleep睡覺 in order訂購 to stay healthy健康.
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才能維繫健康。
08:46
The waste浪費 product產品 that these recent最近 studies學習
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近期研究關注的大腦廢物
08:48
focused重點 most on is amyloid-beta澱粉樣蛋白-β,
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是乙型澱粉樣蛋白。
08:50
which哪一個 is a protein蛋白 that's made製作
in the brain all the time.
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這是大腦中不斷產生的一種蛋白質。
08:54
My brain's大腦的 making製造 amyloid-beta澱粉樣蛋白-β right now,
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我的大腦正在產生乙型澱粉樣蛋白,
08:55
and so is yours你的.
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你的大腦也是。
08:58
But in patients耐心 with Alzheimer's老年癡呆症 disease疾病,
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2002
但是阿茲海默症的病患,
09:00
amyloid-beta澱粉樣蛋白-β builds建立 up and aggregates聚集
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2599
乙型澱粉樣蛋白會不斷增加、聚集,
09:02
in the spaces空間 between之間 the brain's大腦的 cells細胞,
214
530531
2013
囤積在大腦細胞之間的空隙,
09:04
instead代替 of being存在 cleared清除 away
like it's supposed應該 to be,
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3426
無法正常清除。
09:08
and it's this buildup建立 of amyloid-beta澱粉樣蛋白-β
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2010
這種乙型澱粉樣蛋白的累積
09:10
that's thought to be one of the key steps腳步
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被認為是發展阿茲海默症的
關鍵步驟之一。
09:12
in the development發展 of that terrible可怕 disease疾病.
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09:15
So we measured測量 how fast快速 amyloid-beta澱粉樣蛋白-β is cleared清除
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於是我們測量大腦清除它的速度,
09:18
from the brain when it's awake甦醒
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比較大腦清醒和睡著兩種狀況。
09:19
versus when it's asleep睡著,
221
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1778
09:21
and we found發現 that indeed確實,
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我們發現,果然,
09:23
the clearance淨空 of amyloid-beta澱粉樣蛋白-β
223
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乙型澱粉樣蛋白的清除,
09:25
is much more rapid快速 from the sleeping睡眠 brain.
224
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在大腦睡覺時,比清醒時快很多。
09:29
So if sleep睡覺, then,
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所以,睡眠就是
大腦用來清除廢物的方法。
09:31
is part部分 of the brain's大腦的 solution
226
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1958
09:33
to the problem問題 of waste浪費 clearance淨空,
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2010
09:35
then this may可能 dramatically顯著 change更改 how we think
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那麼,這可能大大改變我們如何看待
09:37
about the relationship關係 between之間 sleep睡覺,
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睡眠、乙型澱粉樣蛋白,
和阿茲海默症的關係。
09:40
amyloid-beta澱粉樣蛋白-β, and Alzheimer's老年癡呆症 disease疾病.
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3356
09:43
A series系列 of recent最近 clinical臨床 studies學習
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1958
一連串的近期臨床研究指出,
09:45
suggest建議 that among其中 patients耐心
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未罹患阿茲海默症的病人當中,
09:47
who haven't沒有 yet然而 developed發達 Alzheimer's老年癡呆症 disease疾病,
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睡眠品質變差,或者睡眠時間變少
09:50
worsening惡化 sleep睡覺 quality質量 and sleep睡覺 duration持續時間
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09:53
are associated相關 with a greater更大 amount
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2018
都跟腦中囤積大量
乙型澱粉樣蛋白相關。
09:55
of amyloid-beta澱粉樣蛋白-β building建造 up in the brain,
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雖然我必須提醒大家,
09:58
and while it's important重要 to point out
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10:00
that these studies學習 don't prove證明
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這些研究並沒有證明
10:01
that lack缺乏 of sleep睡覺 or poor較差的 sleep睡覺
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睡眠不足或不良會導致阿茲海默症,
10:04
cause原因 Alzheimer's老年癡呆症 disease疾病,
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2407
10:06
they do suggest建議 that the failure失敗 of the brain
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但確實有發現,
大腦如果不能保持清潔、
10:09
to keep its house clean清潔
242
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清除乙型澱粉樣蛋白等各種廢物,
10:10
by clearing空地 away waste浪費 like amyloid-beta澱粉樣蛋白-β
243
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2756
可能導致像阿茲海默症這樣的疾病。
10:13
may可能 contribute有助於 to the development發展
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1902
10:15
of conditions條件 like Alzheimer's老年癡呆症.
245
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10:19
So what this new research研究 tells告訴 us, then,
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1905
所以,這項新研究告訴我們的,
10:21
is that the one thing that all of you
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也就是各位都已經知道的
10:23
already已經 knew知道 about sleep睡覺,
248
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睡眠的作用。
10:24
that even Galen蓋倫 understood了解 about sleep睡覺,
249
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連蓋倫都有發現的,
10:27
that it refreshes刷新 and clears清零 the mind心神,
250
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就是睡眠會更新、清理大腦這件事,
10:30
may可能 actually其實 be a big part部分
251
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可能就是我們為什麼要睡覺的主因。
10:32
of what sleep睡覺 is all about.
252
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10:34
See, you and I, we go to sleep睡覺
253
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你跟我,我們每天晚上睡覺。
10:36
every一切 single night,
254
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10:37
but our brains大腦, they never rest休息.
255
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可是我們的大腦
從來不休息。
我們的身體躺著不動,
10:40
While our body身體 is still
256
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1834
10:42
and our mind心神 is off walking步行 in dreams somewhere某處,
257
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3071
思緒飄去神遊夢境時,
大腦的精密儀器悄悄地努力工作
10:45
the elegant優雅 machinery機械 of the brain
258
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1676
10:47
is quietly悄悄 hard at work
259
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1980
10:49
cleaning清潔的 and maintaining維持
260
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清潔、維修
10:51
this unimaginably超乎想像 complex複雜 machine.
261
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這部複雜到難以想像的機器。
10:54
Like our housework家務,
262
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1041
這就像清掃家裡一樣,
10:55
it's a dirty and a thankless費力不討好 job工作,
263
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2749
是份骯髒又沒人感激你的工作,
10:58
but it's also important重要.
264
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2255
但是卻非常重要。
11:00
In your house, if you stop cleaning清潔的 your kitchen廚房
265
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2403
在你家,如果一個月不清掃廚房,
11:02
for a month,
266
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1908
11:04
your home will become成為 completely全然 unlivable不宜居住
267
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2439
很快就會髒亂得住不下去。
11:07
very quickly很快.
268
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1607
11:08
But in the brain, the consequences後果
269
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2088
但是在大腦裡,
積垢不除的後果
11:10
of falling落下 behind背後 may可能 be much greater更大
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2931
可能遠超過流理台骯髒的尷尬。
11:13
than the embarrassment困窘 of dirty countertops檯面,
271
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2728
11:16
because when it comes to cleaning清潔的 the brain,
272
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因為大腦的清潔
11:19
it is the very health健康 and function功能
273
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2376
攸關全身、心的健康和功能。
11:21
of the mind心神 and the body身體 that's at stake賭注,
274
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2945
11:24
which哪一個 is why understanding理解 these
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這是為什麼現在了解
11:26
very basic基本 housekeeping家政 functions功能 of the brain today今天
276
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4272
大腦的這些基本清潔排毒功能,
11:30
may可能 be critical危急 for preventing防止 and treating治療
277
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可能攸關未來精神疾病的預防與治療。
11:33
diseases疾病 of the mind心神 tomorrow明天.
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謝謝!
11:36
Thank you.
279
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(觀眾掌聲)
11:38
(Applause掌聲)
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Translated by Yesbydefault 倪文娟
Reviewed by Adrienne Lin

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jeff Iliff - Neuroscientist
Jeff Iliff is a neuroscientist who explores the unique functions of the brain.

Why you should listen
Neuroscientist Jeff Iliff 's research follows two main paths. The first is the exploration of how the brain’s support cells, called glia, contribute to maintaining the proper environment for neuronal function and how their failure in conditions like vascular dementia, stroke, and traumatic brain injury leads to neurodegeneration. The second seeks to define the basic cellular mechanisms by which brain blood flow is coordinated up and down the vascular tree. Now an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at Oregon Health & Science University, Jeff was a part of a University of Rochester Medical Center team that discovered a brain cleansing system, which they dubbed the “glymphatic system.”
More profile about the speaker
Jeff Iliff | Speaker | TED.com

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