TEDYouth 2015
Jill Heinerth: The mysterious world of underwater caves
Džil Hajnert: Misteriozni svijet podvodnih pećina
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Pećinski ronilac Džil Hajnert istražuje skriveni svet podzemnih vodenih puteva koji teku kroz našu planetu. Radeći sa biolozima, klimatolozima i arheolozima, Hajnert otkriva misterije životnih oblika koji naseljavaju neka od zemljinih najudaljenijih mesta i pomaže istraživačima da otključaju istoriju klimatskih promena. Uz pomoć ovog kratkog govora, zaronite ispod talasa i istražite čudesa unutrašnjih prostora.
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I'm an underwater explorer,
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Ja sam podvodni istraživač
00:17
more specifically a cave diver.
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preciznije pećinski ronilac.
00:21
I wanted to be an astronaut
when I was a little kid,
when I was a little kid,
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Želela sam da budem astronaut
kada sam bila dete,
kada sam bila dete,
00:23
but growing up in Canada as a young girl,
that wasn't really available to me.
that wasn't really available to me.
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ali u Kanadi kao mladoj devojci, to nije
bilo dostupno za mene.
bilo dostupno za mene.
00:29
But as it turns out,
we know a lot more about space
we know a lot more about space
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Ali izgleda da znamo mnogo više o svemiru
00:33
than we do about the underground waterways
coursing through our planet,
coursing through our planet,
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nego o podzemnim vodenim putevima koji
teku unutar naše planete,
teku unutar naše planete,
00:37
the very lifeblood of Mother Earth.
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prava životna sila Majke Zemlje.
00:41
So I decided to do something
that was even more remarkable.
that was even more remarkable.
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Tako sam odlučila da uradim nešto
još izvanrednije.
još izvanrednije.
00:45
Instead of exploring outer space,
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Umesto istraživanja sveta
van zemljine atmosfere,
van zemljine atmosfere,
00:47
I wanted to explore
the wonders of inner space.
the wonders of inner space.
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želela sam da istražim
lepote sveta ispod površine.
lepote sveta ispod površine.
00:51
Now, a lot of people will tell you
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Sad, većina ljudi će reći
00:53
that cave diving is perhaps
one of the most dangerous endeavors.
one of the most dangerous endeavors.
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da je pećinsko ronjenje varovatno
jedan od najopasnijih poduhvata.
jedan od najopasnijih poduhvata.
00:58
I mean, imagine yourself
here in this room,
here in this room,
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Mislim, zamislite sebe
ovde u ovoj sobi,
ovde u ovoj sobi,
01:01
if you were suddenly
plunged into blackness,
plunged into blackness,
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ako biste iznenada
zaronili u tamu,
zaronili u tamu,
01:04
with your only job to find the exit,
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sa jedinim zadatkom da nađete izlaz,
01:06
sometimes swimming
through these large spaces,
through these large spaces,
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ponekad plivajući kroz prostrane površine,
01:09
and at other times
crawling beneath the seats,
crawling beneath the seats,
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a nekad puzeći ispod sedišta,
01:12
following a thin guideline,
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prateći veoma precizna uputstva,
01:15
just waiting for the life support
to provide your very next breath.
to provide your very next breath.
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samo čekajući spasioce da vam
obezbede sledeći udisaj.
obezbede sledeći udisaj.
01:19
Well, that's my workplace.
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Eto, to je moje radno mesto.
01:22
But what I want to teach you today
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Ali ono što hoću da vas naučim danas
01:24
is that our world
is not one big solid rock.
is not one big solid rock.
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je da naš svet nije
jedna čvrsta stena.
jedna čvrsta stena.
01:29
It's a whole lot more like a sponge.
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Mnogo više podseća na sunđer.
01:31
I can swim through a lot of the pores
in our earth's sponge,
in our earth's sponge,
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Ja mogu da plivam kroz mnogobrojne pore
u sunđeru naše zemlje,
u sunđeru naše zemlje,
01:35
but where I can't,
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ali tamo gde ja ne mogu,
01:37
other life-forms and other materials
can make that journey without me.
can make that journey without me.
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drugi oblici života i druge supstance
mogu da putuju bez mene.
mogu da putuju bez mene.
01:42
And my voice is the one
that's going to teach you
that's going to teach you
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I moj glas je onaj
koji će da vas uči
koji će da vas uči
01:45
about the inside of Mother Earth.
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o unutrašnjosti Majke Zemlje.
01:50
There was no guidebook available to me
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Nije bilo meni dostupnog priručnika
01:53
when I decided to be the first person
to cave dive inside Antarctic icebergs.
to cave dive inside Antarctic icebergs.
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kada sam odlučila da budem prvi ronilac
unutar Antartičkih ledenih bregova.
unutar Antartičkih ledenih bregova.
01:59
In 2000, this was the largest
moving object on the planet.
moving object on the planet.
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U 2000, to je bio najveći
pokretni objekat na planeti.
pokretni objekat na planeti.
02:04
It calved off the Ross Ice Shelf,
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odlomio se od Ross Ice Lednika,
02:06
and we went down there
to explore ice edge ecology
to explore ice edge ecology
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i mi smo se spustili tamo da istražimo
ekologiju ledenog brega
ekologiju ledenog brega
02:09
and search for life-forms beneath the ice.
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i nadjemo oblike života ispod leda.
02:12
We use a technology called rebreathers.
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Tehnologija koju koristimo se zove
rebreathers.
rebreathers.
02:15
It's an awful lot like the same technology
that is used for space walks.
that is used for space walks.
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To je veoma slična tehnologija
onoj koja se koristi za svemirske šetnje.
onoj koja se koristi za svemirske šetnje.
02:19
This technology enables us to go deeper
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Ova tehnologija nam omogućava da idemo
dublje
dublje
02:22
than we could've imagined
even 10 years ago.
even 10 years ago.
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nego što smo čak mogli i zamisliti
pre deset godina.
pre deset godina.
02:25
We use exotic gases,
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Mi koristimo egzotične gasove,
02:27
and we can make missions
even up to 20 hours long underwater.
even up to 20 hours long underwater.
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i možemo da ostanemo čak i do
20 sati pod vodom.
20 sati pod vodom.
02:33
I work with biologists.
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Ja radim sa biolozima.
02:35
It turns out that caves
are repositories of amazing life-forms,
are repositories of amazing life-forms,
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Ispostavilo se da su pećine
skladišta neverovatnih oblika života,
skladišta neverovatnih oblika života,
02:39
species that we never knew existed before.
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vrsta koje nismo zanli da su postojale.
02:43
Many of these life-forms
live in unusual ways.
live in unusual ways.
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Mnogi od ovih oblika života
žive na neuobičajen način.
žive na neuobičajen način.
02:47
They have no pigment
and no eyes in many cases,
and no eyes in many cases,
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Nemaju pigment ni oči
u većini slučajeva,
u većini slučajeva,
02:51
and these animals
are also extremely long-lived.
are also extremely long-lived.
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i ove životinje takođe ekstremno dugo
žive.
žive.
02:55
In fact, animals swimming
in these caves today
in these caves today
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Zapravo životinje koje plivaju
u tim pećinama danas
u tim pećinama danas
02:59
are identical in the fossil record
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su identične onim u datoteci nađenih
fosila
fosila
03:01
that predates the extinction
of the dinosaurs.
of the dinosaurs.
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iz vremena pre istrebljenja dinosaurusa.
03:04
So imagine that: these are
like little swimming dinosaurs.
like little swimming dinosaurs.
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Tako zamislite to: one su kao
mali plivajući dinosaurusi.
mali plivajući dinosaurusi.
03:08
What can they teach us
about evolution and survival?
about evolution and survival?
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Šta nas oni uče o evoluciji i opstanku?
03:13
When we look at an animal
like this remipede swimming in the jar,
like this remipede swimming in the jar,
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Kada gledamo životinju kao što je
remipedia kako pliva u tegli,
remipedia kako pliva u tegli,
03:17
he has giant fangs with venom.
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on ima ogromne kljove pune otrova.
03:20
He can actually attack something
40 times his size and kill it.
40 times his size and kill it.
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On može napasti biće 40 puta veće
od njega i ubiti ga.
od njega i ubiti ga.
03:24
If he were the size of a cat,
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Kada bi bio veličine mačke,
03:26
he'd be the most dangerous
thing on our planet.
thing on our planet.
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on bi bio najopasnije biće
na našoj planeti.
na našoj planeti.
03:29
And these animals live
in remarkably beautiful places,
in remarkably beautiful places,
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A ove životinje žive na
neverovatno lepim mestima
neverovatno lepim mestima
03:33
and in some cases,
caves like this, that are very young,
caves like this, that are very young,
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i u nekim slučajevima,
takve pećine su veoma mlade,
takve pećine su veoma mlade,
03:37
yet the animals are ancient.
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ipak životinje su prastare.
03:39
How did they get there?
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Kako li su dospele tamo?
03:41
I also work with physicists,
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Takođe radim sa fizičarima,
03:44
and they're interested oftentimes
in global climate change.
in global climate change.
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i oni su često zainteresovani za globalne
klimatske promene.
klimatske promene.
03:47
They can take rocks within the caves,
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Oni uzimaju stene iz pećina,
03:50
and they can slice them
and look at the layers within with rocks,
and look at the layers within with rocks,
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oni ih iseku i gledaju
slojeve u steni,
slojeve u steni,
03:53
much like the rings of a tree,
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slično kao kodovi u drvetu,
03:55
and they can count back in history
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i mogu da broje unazad u istoriju
03:57
and learn about the climate on our planet
at very different times.
at very different times.
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i uče o klimi na našoj planeti
u različitim razdobljima.
u različitim razdobljima.
04:00
The red that you see in this photograph
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To crveno sto vidite na ovoj fotografiji
04:03
is actually dust from the Sahara Desert.
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je zapravo prašina iz pustinje Sahara.
04:06
So it's been picked up by wind,
blown across the Atlantic Ocean.
blown across the Atlantic Ocean.
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Poneo ju je vetar,
i nanijeo preko Atlantskog Okeana.
i nanijeo preko Atlantskog Okeana.
04:10
It's rained down in this case
on the island of Abaco in the Bahamas.
on the island of Abaco in the Bahamas.
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Pala je sa kišom u ovom slučaju
na ostrvo Abaco u Bahamima.
na ostrvo Abaco u Bahamima.
04:15
It soaks in through the ground
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Prodire u zemljište
04:16
and deposits itself
in the rocks within these caves.
in the rocks within these caves.
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i taloži se
u stenama unutar ovih pećina.
u stenama unutar ovih pećina.
04:20
And when we look back in the layers
of these rocks, we can find times
of these rocks, we can find times
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I onda kada gledamo slojeve tih pećina,
možemo pronaći vreme
možemo pronaći vreme
04:24
when the climate
was very, very dry on earth,
was very, very dry on earth,
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kada je klima bila veoma,
veoma suha na zemlji,
veoma suha na zemlji,
04:27
and we can go back
many hundreds of thousands of years.
many hundreds of thousands of years.
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i možemo se vratiti
mnogo stotina hiljada godina unazad.
mnogo stotina hiljada godina unazad.
04:32
Paleoclimatologists are also interested
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Paleoklimatolozi su takodje zainteresovani
04:34
in where the sea level stands were
at other times on earth.
at other times on earth.
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gde su se nivoi mora nalazili
u drugim periodima na zemlji.
u drugim periodima na zemlji.
04:38
Here in Bermuda, my team and I embarked
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Ovde u Bermudi, moj tim i ja smo kročili
04:40
on the deepest manned dives
ever conducted in the region,
ever conducted in the region,
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na najdublje ronilačke poduhvate
ikad organizovane u regionu,
ikad organizovane u regionu,
04:43
and we were looking for places
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i tražili smo mesta
04:45
where the sea level
used to lap up against the shoreline,
used to lap up against the shoreline,
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gde je nivo mora
bio uz obalu
bio uz obalu
04:48
many hundreds of feet
below current levels.
below current levels.
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mnogo stotina stopa
ispod trenutnog nivoa.
ispod trenutnog nivoa.
04:52
I also get to work with paleontologists
and archaeologists.
and archaeologists.
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Takođe radim sa paleontolozima i
arheolozima.
arheolozima.
04:56
In places like Mexico,
in the Bahamas, and even in Cuba,
in the Bahamas, and even in Cuba,
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U mestima kao što je Meksiko,
Bahami, i čak na Kubi,
Bahami, i čak na Kubi,
05:00
we're looking at cultural remains
and also human remains in caves,
and also human remains in caves,
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mi tražimo ostatke kulturne baštine
i ljudske ostatke u pećinama,
i ljudske ostatke u pećinama,
05:05
and they tell us a lot
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i oni nam govore puno
05:06
about some of the earliest
inhabitants of these regions.
inhabitants of these regions.
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o nekim od najranijih stanovnika
ovih oblasti.
ovih oblasti.
05:10
But my very favorite project of all
was over 15 years ago,
was over 15 years ago,
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Ali moj omiljeni projekat je
bio pre više od 15 godina,
bio pre više od 15 godina,
05:14
when I was a part of the team
that made the very first
that made the very first
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kada sam bila deo tima koji
je sačinio prvu
je sačinio prvu
05:16
accurate, three-dimensional map
of a subterranean surface.
of a subterranean surface.
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preciznu, trodimenzionalnu mapu
podzemne površine.
podzemne površine.
05:20
This device that I'm
driving through the cave
driving through the cave
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Uređaj koji sam vozila
kroz pećinu
kroz pećinu
05:22
was actually creating
a three-dimensional model as we drove it.
a three-dimensional model as we drove it.
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je zapravo kreirao
trodimenzionalni model dok smo vozili.
trodimenzionalni model dok smo vozili.
05:27
We also used ultra low frequency radio
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Takođe smo koristili nisko talasni radio
05:29
to broadcast back to the surface
our exact position within the cave.
our exact position within the cave.
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da prenesemo na površinu
našu tačnu poziciju unutar pećine.
našu tačnu poziciju unutar pećine.
05:34
So I swam under houses and businesses
and bowling alleys and golf courses,
and bowling alleys and golf courses,
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Tako sam ja plivala ispod kuća, radnji
i kuglana i terena za golf,
i kuglana i terena za golf,
05:39
and even under a Sonny's BBQ Restaurant,
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i čak ispod Sonijevog BBQ restorana,
05:43
Pretty remarkable, and what that taught me
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Prilično neverovatno, i to me je naučilo
05:45
was that everything we do
on the surface of our earth
on the surface of our earth
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da sve što radimo na površini
zemlje
zemlje
05:48
will be returned to us to drink.
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vratiće nam se u vodi.
05:50
Our water planet is not just
rivers, lakes and oceans,
rivers, lakes and oceans,
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Našu vodenu planetu ne čine samo
reke, jezera i okeani,
reke, jezera i okeani,
05:55
but it's this vast network of groundwater
that knits us all together.
that knits us all together.
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nego i njena podvodna mreža
koja nas spaja sve zajedno.
koja nas spaja sve zajedno.
06:00
It's a shared resource
from which we all drink.
from which we all drink.
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To je zajednički resurs
iz kojeg svi pijemo vodu.
iz kojeg svi pijemo vodu.
06:04
And when we can understand
our human connections with our groundwater
our human connections with our groundwater
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I kada budemo mogli razumeti
našu povezanost sa podzemnim vodama
našu povezanost sa podzemnim vodama
06:08
and all of our water resources
on this planet,
on this planet,
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i sa svim našim vodenim resursima
na ovoj planeti,
na ovoj planeti,
06:11
then we'll be working on the problem
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onda ćemo raditi na problemu
06:12
that's probably the most important
issue of this century.
issue of this century.
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koji je verovatno najvažniji
u ovom veku.
u ovom veku.
06:17
So I never got to be that astronaut
that I always wanted to be,
that I always wanted to be,
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I tako ja nikada nisam postala astronaut
kao što sam želela,
kao što sam želela,
06:20
but this mapping device,
designed by Dr. Bill Stone, will be.
designed by Dr. Bill Stone, will be.
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ali ovaj uređaj za kreiranje mapa
koji je dizajnirao Dr. Bill Stone će biti.
koji je dizajnirao Dr. Bill Stone će biti.
06:24
It's actually morphed.
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Već je zapravo transformisan.
06:25
It's now a self-swimming autonomous robot,
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To je samostalno plivajući nezavisan robot
06:28
artificially intelligent,
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veštački inteligentan,
06:30
and its ultimate goal
is to go to Jupiter's moon Europa
is to go to Jupiter's moon Europa
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i njegov krajnji cilj
je da ode na Jupiterov mesec Europa
je da ode na Jupiterov mesec Europa
06:34
and explore oceans beneath
the frozen surface of that body.
the frozen surface of that body.
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i istraži okeane
ispod zamrznute površine nebeskog tela.
ispod zamrznute površine nebeskog tela.
06:39
And that's pretty amazing.
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I to je neverovatno.
06:42
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jill Heinerth - Cave diverJill Heinerth explores underwater caves deep inside the earth.
Why you should listen
More people have walked on the moon than have been to some of the places that Jill's exploration has taken her right here on the earth. From the most dangerous technical dives deep inside underwater caves, to searching for never-before-seen ecosystems inside giant Antarctic icebergs, to the lawless desert border area between Egypt and Libya while a civil war raged around her, Jill's curiosity and passion about our watery planet is the driving force in her life.
Jill’s accolades include induction into the Explorer's Club and the inaugural class of the Women Diver's Hall of Fame. She received the Wyland ICON Award, an honor she shares with several of her underwater heroes including Jacques Cousteau, Robert Ballard and Dr. Sylvia Earle. She was named a "Living Legend" by Sport Diver Magazine and selected as Scuba Diving Magazine's "Sea Hero of the Year 2012."
In recognition of her lifetime achievement, Jill was awarded the inaugural Sir Christopher Ondaatje Medal for Exploration. Established by the Royal Canadian Geographical Society in 2013, the medal recognizes singular achievements and the pursuit of excellence by an outstanding Canadian explorer.
Jill Heinerth | Speaker | TED.com