TEDYouth 2015
Jill Heinerth: The mysterious world of underwater caves
Jill Heinerth: Dunia gua bawah air yang misterius
Filmed:
Readability: 4
1,921,342 views
Penyelam gua, Jill Heinerth, menjelajahi jalur air bawah tanah tersembunyi yang mengalir di planet kita. Bekerja sama dengan ahli biologi, klimatologi dan arkeologi, Heinert membongkar misteri makhluk hidup yang ada di beberapa tempat terpencil di bumi dan membantu ilmuwan menyingkap sejarah perubahan iklim. Di ceramah singkat ini, selami alam bawah air dan jelajahi keajaiban ruang dalam bumi.
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I'm an underwater explorer,
0
1440
2600
Saya seorang penjelajah bawah air,
00:17
more specifically a cave diver.
1
5480
2800
lebih tepatnya penyelam gua.
00:21
I wanted to be an astronaut
when I was a little kid,
when I was a little kid,
2
9200
2616
Saya ingin jadi astronot waktu kecil,
00:23
but growing up in Canada as a young girl,
that wasn't really available to me.
that wasn't really available to me.
3
11840
4600
tapi tumbuh besar di Kanada,
pilihan itu tidak tersedia untuk saya.
pilihan itu tidak tersedia untuk saya.
00:29
But as it turns out,
we know a lot more about space
we know a lot more about space
4
17680
3776
Ternyata, kita tahu lebih banyak
tentang luar angkasa
tentang luar angkasa
00:33
than we do about the underground waterways
coursing through our planet,
coursing through our planet,
5
21480
4336
daripada jalur air tanah yang ada
di planet kita sendiri,
di planet kita sendiri,
00:37
the very lifeblood of Mother Earth.
6
25840
2960
sumber kehidupan planet bumi.
00:41
So I decided to do something
that was even more remarkable.
that was even more remarkable.
7
29720
3376
Jadi saya memutuskan melakukan
sesuatu yang bahkan lebih luar biasa.
sesuatu yang bahkan lebih luar biasa.
00:45
Instead of exploring outer space,
8
33120
2456
Daripada menjelajahi luar angkasa,
00:47
I wanted to explore
the wonders of inner space.
the wonders of inner space.
9
35600
3160
saya ingin menjelajahi keajaiban isi bumi.
00:51
Now, a lot of people will tell you
10
39920
1656
Banyak orang akan mengatakan bahwa
00:53
that cave diving is perhaps
one of the most dangerous endeavors.
one of the most dangerous endeavors.
11
41600
4120
penyelaman gua mungkin adalah
salah satu kegiatan yang paling berbahaya.
salah satu kegiatan yang paling berbahaya.
00:58
I mean, imagine yourself
here in this room,
here in this room,
12
46560
2896
Bayangkan diri Anda dalam ruangan ini,
01:01
if you were suddenly
plunged into blackness,
plunged into blackness,
13
49480
2896
jika Anda tiba-tiba dicemplungkan
ke dalam kegelapan,
ke dalam kegelapan,
01:04
with your only job to find the exit,
14
52400
2416
dan tugas Anda hanyalah untuk
mencari jalan keluar,
mencari jalan keluar,
01:06
sometimes swimming
through these large spaces,
through these large spaces,
15
54840
2336
kadang berenang dalam ruang besar,
01:09
and at other times
crawling beneath the seats,
crawling beneath the seats,
16
57200
3336
kadang merayap di sela-sela kursi,
01:12
following a thin guideline,
17
60560
2536
mengikuti petunjuk minimal,
01:15
just waiting for the life support
to provide your very next breath.
to provide your very next breath.
18
63120
4736
menunggu bantuan untuk
mengambil napas.
mengambil napas.
01:19
Well, that's my workplace.
19
67880
1720
Itulah tempat kerja saya.
01:22
But what I want to teach you today
20
70760
1976
Yang ingin saya ajarkan hari ini
01:24
is that our world
is not one big solid rock.
is not one big solid rock.
21
72760
4376
adalah bahwa dunia kita
bukanlah satu batu padat besar.
bukanlah satu batu padat besar.
01:29
It's a whole lot more like a sponge.
22
77160
1960
Bumi lebih seperti spons.
01:31
I can swim through a lot of the pores
in our earth's sponge,
in our earth's sponge,
23
79960
3856
Saya bisa berenang melalui pori-pori
pada spons bumi,
pada spons bumi,
tapi ada bagian yang tidak bisa saya akses
01:35
but where I can't,
24
83840
1416
01:37
other life-forms and other materials
can make that journey without me.
can make that journey without me.
25
85280
5016
dimana makhluk hidup dan material lain
bisa melaluinya tanpa saya.
bisa melaluinya tanpa saya.
01:42
And my voice is the one
that's going to teach you
that's going to teach you
26
90320
3016
Dan suara saya akan mengajarkan Anda
01:45
about the inside of Mother Earth.
27
93360
2920
tentang isi planet bumi.
01:50
There was no guidebook available to me
28
98640
2976
Tidak ada buku petunjuk yang tersedia
01:53
when I decided to be the first person
to cave dive inside Antarctic icebergs.
to cave dive inside Antarctic icebergs.
29
101640
6056
saat saya memutuskan untuk menjadi
orang pertama
orang pertama
yang menyelami gua di dalam
gunung es Antartika.
gunung es Antartika.
01:59
In 2000, this was the largest
moving object on the planet.
moving object on the planet.
30
107720
4416
Pada tahun 2000, ini adalah benda bergerak
paling besar di bumi.
paling besar di bumi.
02:04
It calved off the Ross Ice Shelf,
31
112160
2016
Ia pecah menjadi Lempeng Es Ross,
02:06
and we went down there
to explore ice edge ecology
to explore ice edge ecology
32
114200
2936
kami ke sana untuk
menjelajahi ekologi tepi es
menjelajahi ekologi tepi es
02:09
and search for life-forms beneath the ice.
33
117160
2640
dan mencari makhluk hidup di bawah es.
02:12
We use a technology called rebreathers.
34
120440
3176
Kami menggunakan teknologi
yang disebut rebreathers.
yang disebut rebreathers.
02:15
It's an awful lot like the same technology
that is used for space walks.
that is used for space walks.
35
123640
4216
Alat ini seperti teknologi yang digunakan
di penjelajahan luar angkasa.
di penjelajahan luar angkasa.
02:19
This technology enables us to go deeper
36
127880
2456
Memungkinkan kami menyelam lebih dalam
02:22
than we could've imagined
even 10 years ago.
even 10 years ago.
37
130360
2736
daripada yang bisa dibayangkan
bahkan 10 tahun yang lalu.
bahkan 10 tahun yang lalu.
02:25
We use exotic gases,
38
133120
2056
Kami menggunakan gas eksotik
02:27
and we can make missions
even up to 20 hours long underwater.
even up to 20 hours long underwater.
39
135200
5200
dan misi kami bisa bertahan
selama 20 jam di bawah air.
selama 20 jam di bawah air.
02:33
I work with biologists.
40
141160
2176
Saya bekerja dengan ahli biologi.
02:35
It turns out that caves
are repositories of amazing life-forms,
are repositories of amazing life-forms,
41
143360
4536
Ternyata gua adalah tempat makhluk hidup
yang menakjubkan,
yang menakjubkan,
02:39
species that we never knew existed before.
42
147920
2800
yaitu spesies yang tidak pernah
kami tahu ada sebelumnya.
kami tahu ada sebelumnya.
02:43
Many of these life-forms
live in unusual ways.
live in unusual ways.
43
151760
3296
Banyak makhluk hidup ini hidup
dengan cara yang aneh.
dengan cara yang aneh.
02:47
They have no pigment
and no eyes in many cases,
and no eyes in many cases,
44
155080
3936
Mereka kebanyakan tidak
memiliki pigmen dan mata
memiliki pigmen dan mata
02:51
and these animals
are also extremely long-lived.
are also extremely long-lived.
45
159040
4496
dan juga bisa hidup sangat lama.
02:55
In fact, animals swimming
in these caves today
in these caves today
46
163560
3456
Bahkan, hewan yang berenang
di gua sekarang
di gua sekarang
02:59
are identical in the fossil record
47
167040
2496
sama seperti bukti fosil
03:01
that predates the extinction
of the dinosaurs.
of the dinosaurs.
48
169560
3336
yang hidup jauh sebelum
punahnya dinosaurus.
punahnya dinosaurus.
03:04
So imagine that: these are
like little swimming dinosaurs.
like little swimming dinosaurs.
49
172920
3736
Bayangkan, hewan ini seperti
dinosaurus perenang kecil.
dinosaurus perenang kecil.
03:08
What can they teach us
about evolution and survival?
about evolution and survival?
50
176680
3440
Apa yang mereka ajarkan tentang evolusi
dan kelangsungan hidup?
dan kelangsungan hidup?
03:13
When we look at an animal
like this remipede swimming in the jar,
like this remipede swimming in the jar,
51
181120
4016
Ketika kita melihat hewan seperti
remipede yang berenang di toples ini,
remipede yang berenang di toples ini,
03:17
he has giant fangs with venom.
52
185160
2856
ia punya taring besar yang beracun.
03:20
He can actually attack something
40 times his size and kill it.
40 times his size and kill it.
53
188040
4256
Ia bisa menyerang makhluk yang
40 kali lebih besar dan membunuhnya.
40 kali lebih besar dan membunuhnya.
03:24
If he were the size of a cat,
54
192320
1776
Jika ia sebesar kucing,
03:26
he'd be the most dangerous
thing on our planet.
thing on our planet.
55
194120
2600
ia bisa menjadi makhluk paling
berbahaya di bumi.
berbahaya di bumi.
03:29
And these animals live
in remarkably beautiful places,
in remarkably beautiful places,
56
197920
3256
Hewan-hewan ini hidup
di tempat yang sangat indah,
di tempat yang sangat indah,
03:33
and in some cases,
caves like this, that are very young,
caves like this, that are very young,
57
201200
4616
dalam beberapa kasus,
gua yang sangat muda umurnya seperti ini,
gua yang sangat muda umurnya seperti ini,
03:37
yet the animals are ancient.
58
205840
1736
namun hewannya sudah sangat tua.
03:39
How did they get there?
59
207600
1280
Bagaimana mereka ada di gua itu?
03:41
I also work with physicists,
60
209880
2176
Saya juga bekerja dengan ahli fisika
03:44
and they're interested oftentimes
in global climate change.
in global climate change.
61
212080
3616
dan mereka selalu tertarik dengan
perubahan iklim dunia.
perubahan iklim dunia.
03:47
They can take rocks within the caves,
62
215720
2296
Mereka mengambil batu dari gua,
03:50
and they can slice them
and look at the layers within with rocks,
and look at the layers within with rocks,
63
218040
3056
lalu mengiris dan melihat
lapisan di dalamnya,
lapisan di dalamnya,
03:53
much like the rings of a tree,
64
221120
1936
seperti cincin pohon,
03:55
and they can count back in history
65
223080
2016
mereka bisa menelusuri sejarah batu itu
03:57
and learn about the climate on our planet
at very different times.
at very different times.
66
225120
3696
dan mempelajari iklim di planet kita
pada waktu lampau.
pada waktu lampau.
04:00
The red that you see in this photograph
67
228840
2496
Batu merah yang Anda lihat di foto ini
04:03
is actually dust from the Sahara Desert.
68
231360
3336
sebenarnya adalah debu dari Gurun Sahara.
04:06
So it's been picked up by wind,
blown across the Atlantic Ocean.
blown across the Atlantic Ocean.
69
234720
4096
Debu itu terbawa angin, diterbangkan
ke Samudera Atlantik,
ke Samudera Atlantik,
04:10
It's rained down in this case
on the island of Abaco in the Bahamas.
on the island of Abaco in the Bahamas.
70
238840
4376
lalu jatuh di pulau Abaco
di Kepulauan Bahama.
di Kepulauan Bahama.
Debu itu merembes masuk ke dalam tanah
04:15
It soaks in through the ground
71
243240
1616
04:16
and deposits itself
in the rocks within these caves.
in the rocks within these caves.
72
244880
3976
dan mengendap menjadi batu di gua-gua ini.
04:20
And when we look back in the layers
of these rocks, we can find times
of these rocks, we can find times
73
248880
3816
Ketika kita melihat lapisan batu ini,
kita bisa tahu zaman
kita bisa tahu zaman
04:24
when the climate
was very, very dry on earth,
was very, very dry on earth,
74
252720
2776
di saat iklim sangat kering di bumi,
04:27
and we can go back
many hundreds of thousands of years.
many hundreds of thousands of years.
75
255520
3759
dan kita bisa menelusuri
ratusan ribu tahun yang lalu.
ratusan ribu tahun yang lalu.
04:32
Paleoclimatologists are also interested
76
260560
2256
Ahli paleoklimatologi juga tertarik
04:34
in where the sea level stands were
at other times on earth.
at other times on earth.
77
262840
3296
pada ketinggian laut
di waktu lampau di bumi.
di waktu lampau di bumi.
04:38
Here in Bermuda, my team and I embarked
78
266160
2216
Di Bermuda sini, saya dan tim
04:40
on the deepest manned dives
ever conducted in the region,
ever conducted in the region,
79
268400
3056
melakukan penyelaman terdalam
di daerah itu
di daerah itu
04:43
and we were looking for places
80
271480
1616
dan kami mencari tempat
04:45
where the sea level
used to lap up against the shoreline,
used to lap up against the shoreline,
81
273120
3536
dimana dahulu permukaan laut
bersinggungan dengan pantai,
bersinggungan dengan pantai,
04:48
many hundreds of feet
below current levels.
below current levels.
82
276680
2840
beberapa ratus kaki di bawah
ketinggian laut sekarang.
ketinggian laut sekarang.
04:52
I also get to work with paleontologists
and archaeologists.
and archaeologists.
83
280880
3496
Saya juga bekerja dengan
ahli paleontologi dan arkeologi.
ahli paleontologi dan arkeologi.
04:56
In places like Mexico,
in the Bahamas, and even in Cuba,
in the Bahamas, and even in Cuba,
84
284400
4376
Di tempat seperti Mexico, Bahama,
dan bahkan Kuba,
dan bahkan Kuba,
05:00
we're looking at cultural remains
and also human remains in caves,
and also human remains in caves,
85
288800
4696
kami melihat peninggalan budaya
dan tulang belulang manusia di gua
dan tulang belulang manusia di gua
05:05
and they tell us a lot
86
293520
1256
dan semua itu menunjukkan
05:06
about some of the earliest
inhabitants of these regions.
inhabitants of these regions.
87
294800
3080
tentang penduduk pertama di daerah ini.
05:10
But my very favorite project of all
was over 15 years ago,
was over 15 years ago,
88
298760
3496
Proyek terfavorit saya
adalah lebih 15 tahun yang lalu
adalah lebih 15 tahun yang lalu
05:14
when I was a part of the team
that made the very first
that made the very first
89
302280
2524
ketika saya jadi bagian tim
yang pertama kali membuat
yang pertama kali membuat
05:16
accurate, three-dimensional map
of a subterranean surface.
of a subterranean surface.
90
304828
3308
peta akurat 3 dimensi
dari permukaan bawah tanah.
dari permukaan bawah tanah.
05:20
This device that I'm
driving through the cave
driving through the cave
91
308160
2376
Alat yang saya jalankan di dalam gua ini
05:22
was actually creating
a three-dimensional model as we drove it.
a three-dimensional model as we drove it.
92
310560
4456
menciptakan model 3D ketika dioperasikan.
Kami juga memakai radio
frekuensi ultra rendah
frekuensi ultra rendah
05:27
We also used ultra low frequency radio
93
315040
2056
05:29
to broadcast back to the surface
our exact position within the cave.
our exact position within the cave.
94
317120
4680
untuk memantulkan balik ke permukaan
posisi kami di dalam gua.
posisi kami di dalam gua.
05:34
So I swam under houses and businesses
and bowling alleys and golf courses,
and bowling alleys and golf courses,
95
322320
4816
Saya berenang di bawah rumah, perkantoran,
tempat bowling dan lapangan golf,
tempat bowling dan lapangan golf,
05:39
and even under a Sonny's BBQ Restaurant,
96
327160
3160
bahkan di bawah Restoran Sonny's BBQ.
05:43
Pretty remarkable, and what that taught me
97
331080
2096
Luar biasa, ini mengajarkan saya
05:45
was that everything we do
on the surface of our earth
on the surface of our earth
98
333200
2896
bahwa semua yang kita lakukan
di permukaan bumi
di permukaan bumi
05:48
will be returned to us to drink.
99
336120
2416
akan kembali pada kita untuk diminum.
05:50
Our water planet is not just
rivers, lakes and oceans,
rivers, lakes and oceans,
100
338560
4776
Air di planet kita bukan hanya sungai,
danau, dan laut
danau, dan laut
05:55
but it's this vast network of groundwater
that knits us all together.
that knits us all together.
101
343360
4776
tapi juga jaringan air bawah tanah besar
yang menyatukan kita.
yang menyatukan kita.
06:00
It's a shared resource
from which we all drink.
from which we all drink.
102
348160
3856
Ia adalah sumber air minum kita bersama.
06:04
And when we can understand
our human connections with our groundwater
our human connections with our groundwater
103
352040
4296
Dengan memahami hubungan antara
manusia dengan air bawah tanah
manusia dengan air bawah tanah
06:08
and all of our water resources
on this planet,
on this planet,
104
356360
2656
dan semua sumber daya air di bumi,
06:11
then we'll be working on the problem
105
359040
1736
kita akan bisa memecahkan masalah
06:12
that's probably the most important
issue of this century.
issue of this century.
106
360800
3360
yang mungkin merupakan isu
paling penting di abad ini.
paling penting di abad ini.
06:17
So I never got to be that astronaut
that I always wanted to be,
that I always wanted to be,
107
365040
3416
Saya tidak bisa menjadi astronot
seperti yang saya impikan,
seperti yang saya impikan,
06:20
but this mapping device,
designed by Dr. Bill Stone, will be.
designed by Dr. Bill Stone, will be.
108
368480
3616
namun alat pemetaan yang dirancang
oleh Dr. Bill Stone ini, bisa.
oleh Dr. Bill Stone ini, bisa.
06:24
It's actually morphed.
109
372120
1416
Alat ini telah dirubah.
06:25
It's now a self-swimming autonomous robot,
110
373560
3296
Sekarang telah menjadi
robot berenang otomatis,
robot berenang otomatis,
06:28
artificially intelligent,
111
376880
1656
kecerdasan buatan.
06:30
and its ultimate goal
is to go to Jupiter's moon Europa
is to go to Jupiter's moon Europa
112
378560
3576
Tujuan akhirnya adalah
menuju bulan dari Jupiter, Europa
menuju bulan dari Jupiter, Europa
06:34
and explore oceans beneath
the frozen surface of that body.
the frozen surface of that body.
113
382160
4600
dan menjelajahi lautan
di bawah permukaan beku di sana.
di bawah permukaan beku di sana.
06:39
And that's pretty amazing.
114
387480
1920
Sungguh menakjubkan.
06:42
(Applause)
115
390160
5720
(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jill Heinerth - Cave diverJill Heinerth explores underwater caves deep inside the earth.
Why you should listen
More people have walked on the moon than have been to some of the places that Jill's exploration has taken her right here on the earth. From the most dangerous technical dives deep inside underwater caves, to searching for never-before-seen ecosystems inside giant Antarctic icebergs, to the lawless desert border area between Egypt and Libya while a civil war raged around her, Jill's curiosity and passion about our watery planet is the driving force in her life.
Jill’s accolades include induction into the Explorer's Club and the inaugural class of the Women Diver's Hall of Fame. She received the Wyland ICON Award, an honor she shares with several of her underwater heroes including Jacques Cousteau, Robert Ballard and Dr. Sylvia Earle. She was named a "Living Legend" by Sport Diver Magazine and selected as Scuba Diving Magazine's "Sea Hero of the Year 2012."
In recognition of her lifetime achievement, Jill was awarded the inaugural Sir Christopher Ondaatje Medal for Exploration. Established by the Royal Canadian Geographical Society in 2013, the medal recognizes singular achievements and the pursuit of excellence by an outstanding Canadian explorer.
Jill Heinerth | Speaker | TED.com