Carolyn Bertozzi: What the sugar coating on your cells is trying to tell you
Carolyn Bertozzi: Sta vam secerni omotac na vasim celijama pokusava reci
Professor Carolyn Bertozzi is a chemical biologist who invents technologies and medicines based on disease-causing sugar molecules. Full bio
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when I was in college.
dok sam bila na koledzu.
professors taught us about
nas profesori biologije ucili
of your cells.
are coated with sugar.
oblozene secerom.
na koledu
call it the 1980s --
our cells are coated with sugar.
prekriva nase celije.
what I noticed I had written down
primjetila sam da sam zabiljezila
is like the sugar coating
izgleda kao secerni premaz
the sugar coating on our cells
na nasim celijama
stronger or tougher.
cini jacima i otpornijima.
are actually very complex.
u stvari mnogo kompleksniji.
to a little miniature airplane
minijaturnog aviona
the surface of your cells,
are these trees and bushes --
drveca i grmlje,
swaying in the wind
all these complex sugars
svim tim slozenim secerima
problems that I encountered
problema sa kojima sam se srela
to think about the sugars
o tim secerima
nasih celija
the surface of our cells
stored in their complex structures.
u njihovoj kompleksnoj strukturi.
some information
to be incredibly important
your sugars are telling us
seceri govore
cells, are coated with sugars,
krvna zrnca su prekrivena secerima
sugars determine your blood type.
vasu krvnu grupu.
that I am blood type O.
either you're not paying attention
ruku il ne prdajete paznju
and both of those are bad.
a oboje je lose.
the blood type O with me,
sa mnom,
this chemical structure
hemijske spojeve
to make a more complex sugar.
tvore slozeniji secer.
an enzyme in your cells
than the A people,
ljudi sa A grupom,
different structure,
drugaciju strukturu,
the other enzyme from your father,
in roughly equal proportions.
istim proporcijama.
medical procedures in the world,
medicinskih zahvata na svijetu,
is the blood transfusion.
transfuzija krvi.
if you ever need a transfusion,
zatrebate transfuziju,
doesn't see foreign sugars,
and would certainly reject.
bi ih odbacila.
of your cells trying to tell us?
seceri sa nasih celija?
that you have cancer.
da imate rak.
from the analysis of tumor tissue.
iz analiza tumorskih tkiva.
would have a tumor detected,
otkrivaju tumor,
in a biopsy procedure
to look for chemical changes
i traze se hemijske promjene
about the best course of treatment.
o najboljem nacinu lijecenja.
from studies like that
iz studija kao ove
from being healthy to being sick.
zdrave u bolesnu.
again and again and again.
iznova i iznova
has been: Why?
polju bilo: Zasto?
What's the importance of that?
Koja je vaznost toga?
can we do about it if it does turn out
uciniti povodom toga ako se ispostavi
of a particular sugar
one of the most important sugars
najznacajnijih secera
to get familiar with this word.
sa ovim nazivom.
the kind of sugar that we eat.
secera koji jedemo.
that is actually found
pronadjen
of the cells in your body.
celijama u tijelu.
vasim celijama.
progressive disease,
progresivnoj bolesti
with your immune system.
imunim sistemom.
about the importance of your immune system
znacaju vaseg imunog sistema
in the news a lot these days.
prisutno u danasnjim vijestima.
to become familiar with the term
upoznavati sa terminima
ways of treating cancer.
lijecenja raka.
is that your immune cells,
vase celije imuniteta,
coursing through your bloodstream,
vasim krvotokom
from things gone bad --
are your immune cells,
su vase celije imuniteta,
and taste all the cells in your body.
sve celije u vasem tijelu.
a cell might taste bad.
celija moze imat ruzan okus.
get the bad taste,
dopre los okus,
and kill those cells.
potentiate that tasting,
potencirati taj okus,
to actually take a big old bite
da odgriznu veliki komad
yourself from cancer every day
od raka svakodnevno
out there in the market
na trzistu
s rakom
can be more vigorous
President Jimmy Carter's life.
Dzimija Kartera.
had malignant melanoma
imao maligni melanom
that is usually accompanied by numbers
popracena brojevima
of these new immune-stimulating drugs,
imuno-stimulirajucih lijekova,
appears to be in remission,
u remisiji
only a few years ago.
od prije samo par godina.
people are saying,
to say about a disease
nesto za jednu bolest
up against a cancer cell to take a taste,
raka da je okusi,
a missile strike and kills the cell.
te ubije celiju.
of that sugar, sialic acid,
secera, sialne kiseline,
that grabs the sialic acid,
koji grabi sialnu kiselinu
gets held at that synapse
na toj sinapsi
and the cancer cell,
the immune cell,
celijama imuniteta,
Nothing to see here, move along.
Nema se sta vidjeti ovdje, produzi dalje.
a thick coat of sialic acid,
debeli sloj sialne kiseline,
for what it really is:
kakva stvarno jest:
cell-surface lawnmowers --
povrsinu celije--
to the surface of these cancer cells
povrsine tih celija raka
can reach its full potential
dosegnuti svoj puni potencijal
cells from our body.
jos jednom:
around that cell
oko tih celija
to leave the good cells alone.
pusti dobre celije na miru.
cancers get the ability
sposobnost da
the immune system,
to wake up those immune cells,
probudili te celije imuniteta,
the sugars, eat the cell
jedite celije
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carolyn Bertozzi - Chemical biologistProfessor Carolyn Bertozzi is a chemical biologist who invents technologies and medicines based on disease-causing sugar molecules.
Why you should listen
Professor Carolyn Bertozzi's research interests span the disciplines of chemistry and biology with an emphasis on studies of cell surface sugars important to human health and disease. She was originally trained in organic chemistry and immunology, and today her research group works at the interface of these two disciplines They recently made discoveries that link particular sugars that coat the surfaces of cancer cells with the ability of those disease-causing cells to avoid elimination by the human immune system. Now her research group is developing medicines that attack cancer cell-surface sugars so as to render the immune system more potent at eliminating disease. Bertozzi also studies other human health problems including tuberculosis infections and rare genetic disorders, using tools from chemistry to power biomedical research.
Carolyn Bertozzi | Speaker | TED.com