Carolyn Bertozzi: What the sugar coating on your cells is trying to tell you
Carolyn Bertozzi: Što vam šećerni premaz na vašim stanicama pokušava reći
Professor Carolyn Bertozzi is a chemical biologist who invents technologies and medicines based on disease-causing sugar molecules. Full bio
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when I was in college.
kada sam bila na fakultetu.
professors taught us about
podučavali naši profesori biologije
of your cells.
are coated with sugar.
vaše stanice premazane šećerom.
call it the 1980s --
recimo samo 1980-ima --
our cells are coated with sugar.
zašto su naše stanice premazane šećerom.
what I noticed I had written down
primijetila sam da sam zapisala
is like the sugar coating
isti kao šećerni premaz
the sugar coating on our cells
na našim stanicama
stronger or tougher.
učinio snažnijima ili jačima.
are actually very complex.
u stvari jako složeni.
to a little miniature airplane
u minijaturni avion,
the surface of your cells,
svojih stanica,
are these trees and bushes --
swaying in the wind
all these complex sugars
o svim tim složenim šećerima
problems that I encountered
problema na koji sam naišla
to think about the sugars
the surface of our cells
stored in their complex structures.
u svojim složenim strukturama.
some information
to be incredibly important
your sugars are telling us
koju nam šećeri govore
cells, are coated with sugars,
prevučene su šećerom
sugars determine your blood type.
određuje vašu krvnu grupu.
that I am blood type O.
znam da je moja krvna grupa 0.
either you're not paying attention
ili ne obraćate pozornost,
u oba slučaja to je loše.
and both of those are bad.
krvnu grupu 0 sa mnom,
the blood type O with me,
this chemical structure
kemijsku strukturu
to make a more complex sugar.
povezana u složeniji šećer.
an enzyme in your cells
enzim u vašim stanicama,
nego osobe iz A grupe
than the A people,
different structure,
the other enzyme from your father,
drugi enzim od vašeg oca
in roughly equal proportions.
u približno jednakim omjerima.
medical procedures in the world,
medicinskih postupaka u svijetu,
is the blood transfusion.
da ako ikad budete trebali transfuziju,
if you ever need a transfusion,
doesn't see foreign sugars,
ne bi susrelo sa stranim šećerima,
and would certainly reject.
i koje bi sigurno odbacio.
of your cells trying to tell us?
stanica pokušavaju reći?
that you have cancer.
mogli reći da imate rak.
from the analysis of tumor tissue.
u analizi kancerogenog tkiva.
would have a tumor detected,
da se pacijentu otkrije tumor,
in a biopsy procedure
to look for chemical changes
u potrazi za kemijskim promjenama,
about the best course of treatment.
o najboljem tijeku liječenja.
from studies like that
u takvim studijama,
from being healthy to being sick.
iz zdravih u bolesne.
again and again and again.
uvijek iznova pojavljivale.
has been: Why?
What's the importance of that?
U čemu je važnost toga?
can we do about it if it does turn out
možemo učiniti s tim ako se ispostavi
of a particular sugar
one of the most important sugars
jedan od najvažnijih šećera
to get familiar with this word.
the kind of sugar that we eat.
onaj šećer koji jedemo.
that is actually found
koja je zapravo nađena
of the cells in your body.
stanicama u vašem tijelu.
na vašim stanicama.
progressive disease,
progresivnoj bolesti,
with your immune system.
s vašim imunološkim sustavom.
about the importance of your immune system
vašeg imunološkog sustava
in the news a lot these days.
često u vijestima ovih dana.
to become familiar with the term
upoznavati s izrazom
ways of treating cancer.
posve novih načina tretiranja raka.
is that your immune cells,
je da vas vaše imunološke stanice,
coursing through your bloodstream,
koje teku vašim krvotokom,
from things gone bad --
od toga da sve pođe po krivu,
are your immune cells,
su vaše imunološke stanice,
je stanica raka.
and taste all the cells in your body.
i kušaju sve stanice u vašem tijelu.
a cell might taste bad.
get the bad taste,
osjete loš okus,
and kill those cells.
i ubiju te stanice.
potentiate that tasting,
potencirati to kušanje,
to actually take a big old bite
te imunološke stanice da uistinu zagrizu
yourself from cancer every day
u zaštiti od raka svaki dan,
out there in the market
can be more vigorous
President Jimmy Carter's life.
predsjedniku Jimmyju Carteru.
had malignant melanoma
je imao maligni melanom,
that is usually accompanied by numbers
obično popraćenih brojkama
of these new immune-stimulating drugs,
imunostimulatora
appears to be in remission,
only a few years ago.
od prije samo par godina.
people are saying,
govore ljudi o tim novim
to say about a disease
reći tako nešto o bolesti,
up against a cancer cell to take a taste,
uz stanicu raka kako bi je probala,
a missile strike and kills the cell.
raketni udar te ubije stanicu.
of that sugar, sialic acid,
tog šećera, sijalične kiseline,
that grabs the sialic acid,
koji grabi sijaličnu kiselinu,
gets held at that synapse
and the cancer cell,
the immune cell,
imunološkoj stanici,
Nemaš što za vidjeti, nastavi dalje.
Nothing to see here, move along.
a thick coat of sialic acid,
debeli omotač sijalične kiseline,
for what it really is:
onakvom kakva je ona zaista:
u mom laboratoriju.
cell-surface lawnmowers --
površinske stanične kosilice,
to the surface of these cancer cells
do površine tih stanica raka
can reach its full potential
dostigao svoj puni potencijal
cells from our body.
iz našeg tijela.
around that cell
to leave the good cells alone.
ostaviti dobre stanice na miru.
autoimune bolesti.
cancers get the ability
rak dobije mogućnost
the immune system,
imunološki sustav,
to wake up those immune cells,
da probude te imunološke stanice,
the sugars, eat the cell
pojedite stanicu
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carolyn Bertozzi - Chemical biologistProfessor Carolyn Bertozzi is a chemical biologist who invents technologies and medicines based on disease-causing sugar molecules.
Why you should listen
Professor Carolyn Bertozzi's research interests span the disciplines of chemistry and biology with an emphasis on studies of cell surface sugars important to human health and disease. She was originally trained in organic chemistry and immunology, and today her research group works at the interface of these two disciplines They recently made discoveries that link particular sugars that coat the surfaces of cancer cells with the ability of those disease-causing cells to avoid elimination by the human immune system. Now her research group is developing medicines that attack cancer cell-surface sugars so as to render the immune system more potent at eliminating disease. Bertozzi also studies other human health problems including tuberculosis infections and rare genetic disorders, using tools from chemistry to power biomedical research.
Carolyn Bertozzi | Speaker | TED.com