Carolyn Bertozzi: What the sugar coating on your cells is trying to tell you
卡罗琳·贝尔托齐: 你细胞表层上的糖被想要告诉你什么
Professor Carolyn Bertozzi is a chemical biologist who invents technologies and medicines based on disease-causing sugar molecules. Full bio
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when I was in college.
开始对糖感兴趣的。
professors taught us about
of your cells.
are coated with sugar.
被糖蛋白包裹着。
1980年代吧——
call it the 1980s --
our cells are coated with sugar.
糖蛋白包裹所知甚少。
注意到我曾经写下
what I noticed I had written down
is like the sugar coating
the sugar coating on our cells
我们细胞上的糖蛋白
更强大或者坚韧。
stronger or tougher.
are actually very complex.
实际上非常复杂。
to a little miniature airplane
塞进一个微型飞机,
the surface of your cells,
里面的树林和树灌木——
are these trees and bushes --
swaying in the wind
这些复杂的糖蛋白
all these complex sugars
生物学家和化学家的我
problems that I encountered
to think about the sugars
the surface of our cells
stored in their complex structures.
它们复杂的结构中
some information
to be incredibly important
your sugars are telling us
cells, are coated with sugars,
都被糖蛋白包裹着,
决定了你的血型。
sugars determine your blood type.
that I am blood type O.
要么你们没有注意听我说,
either you're not paying attention
自己的血型,这都不太好。
and both of those are bad.
是O型血的人来说,
the blood type O with me,
this chemical structure
组成一个更复杂的糖。
to make a more complex sugar.
an enzyme in your cells
than the A people,
形成一种稍有不同的结构。
different structure,
同时获得了这两种酶,
the other enzyme from your father,
in roughly equal proportions.
medical procedures in the world,
is the blood transfusion.
if you ever need a transfusion,
出现不同的糖蛋白,
doesn't see foreign sugars,
and would certainly reject.
of your cells trying to tell us?
还能告诉我们什么呢?
that you have cancer.
你是否得了癌症。
统计数据开始出现。
from the analysis of tumor tissue.
一个病人身上被检测出肿瘤,
would have a tumor detected,
in a biopsy procedure
化学变化进行分析,
to look for chemical changes
about the best course of treatment.
from studies like that
from being healthy to being sick.
again and again and again.
一次又一次的被提出来。
大的问题,那就是:为什么?
has been: Why?
What's the importance of that?
它的重要性是什么?
如果结果证明它跟病变过程
can we do about it if it does turn out
密度的增加,
of a particular sugar
one of the most important sugars
to get familiar with this word.
the kind of sugar that we eat.
我们用来吃的糖,
that is actually found
of the cells in your body.
progressive disease,
进行性的病变中
with your immune system.
about the importance of your immune system
免疫系统在对抗癌症中的
in the news a lot these days.
在新闻中经常出现的内容。
to become familiar with the term
手段中受益的人。
ways of treating cancer.
is that your immune cells,
coursing through your bloodstream,
from things gone bad --
是你的免疫细胞,
are your immune cells,
是一个癌症细胞。
and taste all the cells in your body.
尝遍你身上的所有细胞,
这些细胞尝起来都没有问题,
尝起来不正常。
a cell might taste bad.
尝到不正常的细胞时,
get the bad taste,
and kill those cells.
你能强化这种品尝,
potentiate that tasting,
to actually take a big old bite
免受癌症的侵扰,
yourself from cancer every day
out there in the market
can be more vigorous
吉米·卡特的生命。
President Jimmy Carter's life.
had malignant melanoma
患有恶性黑色素瘤,
that is usually accompanied by numbers
of these new immune-stimulating drugs,
免疫刺激类的药物,
appears to be in remission,
only a few years ago.
people are saying,
to say about a disease
并以失败居多的疾病而言
up against a cancer cell to take a taste,
一个癌细胞去尝它时,
并发起猛烈的攻击去消灭癌细胞。
a missile strike and kills the cell.
of that sugar, sialic acid,
那种糖蛋白,唾液酸,
that grabs the sialic acid,
可以抓取唾液酸,
gets held at that synapse
and the cancer cell,
the immune cell,
这里没有什么,继续往前走,
Nothing to see here, move along.
厚厚的唾液酸包裹着,
a thick coat of sialic acid,
for what it really is:
所进行的研究。
cell-surface lawnmowers --
to the surface of these cancer cells
发挥全部潜能,
can reach its full potential
cells from our body.
around that cell
这个细胞周围的其它细胞
不要去打扰正常的细胞,
to leave the good cells alone.
自身免疫系统疾病。
cancers get the ability
the immune system,
去唤醒这些免疫细胞,
to wake up those immune cells,
吞掉这些癌细胞,
the sugars, eat the cell
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carolyn Bertozzi - Chemical biologistProfessor Carolyn Bertozzi is a chemical biologist who invents technologies and medicines based on disease-causing sugar molecules.
Why you should listen
Professor Carolyn Bertozzi's research interests span the disciplines of chemistry and biology with an emphasis on studies of cell surface sugars important to human health and disease. She was originally trained in organic chemistry and immunology, and today her research group works at the interface of these two disciplines They recently made discoveries that link particular sugars that coat the surfaces of cancer cells with the ability of those disease-causing cells to avoid elimination by the human immune system. Now her research group is developing medicines that attack cancer cell-surface sugars so as to render the immune system more potent at eliminating disease. Bertozzi also studies other human health problems including tuberculosis infections and rare genetic disorders, using tools from chemistry to power biomedical research.
Carolyn Bertozzi | Speaker | TED.com