Carolyn Bertozzi: What the sugar coating on your cells is trying to tell you
Carolyn Bertozzi: Hva sukkerbelegget på cellene dine prøver å fortelle deg
Professor Carolyn Bertozzi is a chemical biologist who invents technologies and medicines based on disease-causing sugar molecules. Full bio
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when I was in college.
da jeg gikk på universitetet.
professors taught us about
biologiprofessorene våre lærte oss om
of your cells.
belegget på cellene dine.
are coated with sugar.
cellene dine er belagt med sukker.
på universitetet,
call it the 1980s --
kalle det på 80-tallet,
our cells are coated with sugar.
cellene våre var belagt med sukker.
what I noticed I had written down
la jeg merke til at det jeg hadde skrevet
is like the sugar coating
våre ligner sukkerbelegget
the sugar coating on our cells
belegget på cellene våre
stronger or tougher.
sterkere eller mer hardføre.
komplisert enn som så,
are actually very complex.
faktisk er veldig komplekse.
to a little miniature airplane
deg ned til et lite miniatyrfly
the surface of your cells,
omtrent som dette;
are these trees and bushes --
disse trærne og buskene -
swaying in the wind
all these complex sugars
disse komplekse sukkerartene
problems that I encountered
problemene jeg har kommet over
to think about the sugars
the surface of our cells
stored in their complex structures.
i den komplekse strukturen deres.
some information
til noe av informasjonen
to be incredibly important
å være veldig viktig
your sugars are telling us
sukkerartene dine forteller oss,
cells, are coated with sugars,
dine, er belagt med sukker,
sugars determine your blood type.
sukkerartene bestemmer blodtypen din.
that I am blood type O.
at jeg har blodtype O.
either you're not paying attention
følger dere enten ikke med,
and both of those are bad.
deres, og begge deler er like ille.
the blood type O with me,
deler blodtype O med meg,
this chemical structure
denne kjemiske strukturen
to make a more complex sugar.
for å lage en mer kompleks sukkerart.
an enzyme in your cells
et enzym i cellene deres
than the A people,
enzym enn A-folka,
different structure,
annerledes struktur,
the other enzyme from your father,
det andre enzymet fra faren deres,
in roughly equal proportions.
i omtrent like store mengder.
medical procedures in the world,
medisinske prosedyrene i verden,
is the blood transfusion.
behøver en overføring,
if you ever need a transfusion,
doesn't see foreign sugars,
finner ukjente sukkerarter
and would certainly reject.
og helt klart støte bort.
of your cells trying to tell us?
av cellene deres forsøker å fortelle oss?
that you have cancer.
fortelle oss at du har kreft.
from the analysis of tumor tissue.
i analyser av kreftvev.
would have a tumor detected,
man oppdager en svulst hos en pasient,
in a biopsy procedure
to look for chemical changes
etter kjemiske endringer
about the best course of treatment.
om den beste behandlingsplanen.
from studies like that
from being healthy to being sick.
fra å være friske til å være syke.
again and again and again.
opp igjen og igjen og igjen.
has been: Why?
i fagmiljøet har vært: Hvorfor?
What's the importance of that?
Hva er betydningen av det?
can we do about it if it does turn out
med det hvis det viser seg
of a particular sugar
av en bestemt sukkerart
one of the most important sugars
av de viktigste sukkerartene
to get familiar with this word.
seg kjent med dette ordet.
the kind of sugar that we eat.
type sukker vi spiser.
that is actually found
som det faktisk finnes
of the cells in your body.
cellene i kroppen din.
vanlig på cellene dine.
progressive disease,
en vellykket, progressiv sykdom,
with your immune system.
med immunforsvaret ditt.
about the importance of your immune system
viktigheten av immunforsvaret ditt
in the news a lot these days.
i nyhetene nå om dagen.
to become familiar with the term
ways of treating cancer.
metodene å behandle kreft på.
is that your immune cells,
coursing through your bloodstream,
som jakter gjennom blodårene dine,
from things gone bad --
mot alt som har gått galt -
are your immune cells,
immuncellene dine,
and taste all the cells in your body.
og smaker på alle cellene i kroppen din.
a cell might taste bad.
kjenner den vonde smaken,
get the bad taste,
and kill those cells.
og dreper de cellene.
potentiate that tasting,
forsterke den smakingen,
to actually take a big old bite
cellene til å ta et skikkelig jafs
yourself from cancer every day
mot kreft hver dag
out there in the market
medisiner der ute i markedet
can be more vigorous
President Jimmy Carter's life.
president Jimmy Carter.
had malignant melanoma
hadde en ondartet melanom
that is usually accompanied by numbers
følger vanligvis tall
of these new immune-stimulating drugs,
immun-stimulerende legemidlene,
appears to be in remission,
ikke lenger viser symptomer,
only a few years ago.
for bare noen få år siden.
people are saying,
gjennombrudd” sies det,
to say about a disease
ting å si om en sykdom
up against a cancer cell to take a taste,
en kreftcelle for å ta en smaksprøve,
a missile strike and kills the cell.
et rakettangrep som dreper cellen.
of that sugar, sialic acid,
av den sukkerarten, sialinsyre,
that grabs the sialic acid,
som tar tak i sialinsyren,
gets held at that synapse
and the cancer cell,
the immune cell,
Nothing to see here, move along.
Ikke noe å se her, bare gå videre.
a thick coat of sialic acid,
et tykt belegg med sialinsyre,
for what it really is:
som det den egentlig er:
cell-surface lawnmowers --
overflate gressklippere:
to the surface of these cancer cells
overflaten av disse kreftcelllene
can reach its full potential
kan nå sitt fulle potensiale
cells from our body.
cellene fra kroppen din.
around that cell
to leave the good cells alone.
la de snille cellene være i fred.
cancers get the ability
the immune system,
trollbinder immunforsvaret,
to wake up those immune cells,
som vekker disse immuncellene
the sugars, eat the cell
sukkeret, spis cellen
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carolyn Bertozzi - Chemical biologistProfessor Carolyn Bertozzi is a chemical biologist who invents technologies and medicines based on disease-causing sugar molecules.
Why you should listen
Professor Carolyn Bertozzi's research interests span the disciplines of chemistry and biology with an emphasis on studies of cell surface sugars important to human health and disease. She was originally trained in organic chemistry and immunology, and today her research group works at the interface of these two disciplines They recently made discoveries that link particular sugars that coat the surfaces of cancer cells with the ability of those disease-causing cells to avoid elimination by the human immune system. Now her research group is developing medicines that attack cancer cell-surface sugars so as to render the immune system more potent at eliminating disease. Bertozzi also studies other human health problems including tuberculosis infections and rare genetic disorders, using tools from chemistry to power biomedical research.
Carolyn Bertozzi | Speaker | TED.com