Carolyn Bertozzi: What the sugar coating on your cells is trying to tell you
Professor Carolyn Bertozzi is a chemical biologist who invents technologies and medicines based on disease-causing sugar molecules. Full bio
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when I was in college.
professors taught us about
of your cells.
are coated with sugar.
call it the 1980s --
our cells are coated with sugar.
what I noticed I had written down
is like the sugar coating
the sugar coating on our cells
stronger or tougher.
are actually very complex.
to a little miniature airplane
the surface of your cells,
are these trees and bushes --
swaying in the wind
all these complex sugars
problems that I encountered
to think about the sugars
the surface of our cells
stored in their complex structures.
some information
to be incredibly important
your sugars are telling us
cells, are coated with sugars,
sugars determine your blood type.
that I am blood type O.
either you're not paying attention
and both of those are bad.
the blood type O with me,
this chemical structure
to make a more complex sugar.
an enzyme in your cells
than the A people,
different structure,
the other enzyme from your father,
in roughly equal proportions.
medical procedures in the world,
is the blood transfusion.
if you ever need a transfusion,
doesn't see foreign sugars,
and would certainly reject.
of your cells trying to tell us?
that you have cancer.
from the analysis of tumor tissue.
would have a tumor detected,
in a biopsy procedure
to look for chemical changes
about the best course of treatment.
from studies like that
from being healthy to being sick.
again and again and again.
has been: Why?
What's the importance of that?
can we do about it if it does turn out
of a particular sugar
one of the most important sugars
to get familiar with this word.
the kind of sugar that we eat.
that is actually found
of the cells in your body.
progressive disease,
with your immune system.
about the importance of your immune system
in the news a lot these days.
to become familiar with the term
ways of treating cancer.
is that your immune cells,
coursing through your bloodstream,
from things gone bad --
are your immune cells,
and taste all the cells in your body.
a cell might taste bad.
get the bad taste,
and kill those cells.
potentiate that tasting,
to actually take a big old bite
yourself from cancer every day
out there in the market
can be more vigorous
President Jimmy Carter's life.
had malignant melanoma
that is usually accompanied by numbers
of these new immune-stimulating drugs,
appears to be in remission,
only a few years ago.
people are saying,
to say about a disease
up against a cancer cell to take a taste,
a missile strike and kills the cell.
of that sugar, sialic acid,
that grabs the sialic acid,
gets held at that synapse
and the cancer cell,
the immune cell,
Nothing to see here, move along.
a thick coat of sialic acid,
for what it really is:
cell-surface lawnmowers --
to the surface of these cancer cells
can reach its full potential
cells from our body.
around that cell
to leave the good cells alone.
cancers get the ability
the immune system,
to wake up those immune cells,
the sugars, eat the cell
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carolyn Bertozzi - Chemical biologistProfessor Carolyn Bertozzi is a chemical biologist who invents technologies and medicines based on disease-causing sugar molecules.
Why you should listen
Professor Carolyn Bertozzi's research interests span the disciplines of chemistry and biology with an emphasis on studies of cell surface sugars important to human health and disease. She was originally trained in organic chemistry and immunology, and today her research group works at the interface of these two disciplines They recently made discoveries that link particular sugars that coat the surfaces of cancer cells with the ability of those disease-causing cells to avoid elimination by the human immune system. Now her research group is developing medicines that attack cancer cell-surface sugars so as to render the immune system more potent at eliminating disease. Bertozzi also studies other human health problems including tuberculosis infections and rare genetic disorders, using tools from chemistry to power biomedical research.
Carolyn Bertozzi | Speaker | TED.com