Carolyn Bertozzi: What the sugar coating on your cells is trying to tell you
Carolyn Bertozzi: Miről árulkodik sejtjeink cukorbevonata?
Professor Carolyn Bertozzi is a chemical biologist who invents technologies and medicines based on disease-causing sugar molecules. Full bio
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when I was in college.
professors taught us about
amiről biológiaprofesszoraink beszéltek
of your cells.
are coated with sugar.
de sejtjeinket cukor borítja.
ezeken a főiskolai kurzusokon,
call it the 1980s --
our cells are coated with sugar.
miért borítja sejtjeinket cukor.
what I noticed I had written down
észrevettem, hogy azt írtam:
is like the sugar coating
the sugar coating on our cells
sejtvédő szerepe van,
stronger or tougher.
teszi sejtjeinket.
are actually very complex.
to a little miniature airplane
sejtjeink felszíne felett repülnénk,
the surface of your cells,
are these trees and bushes --
swaying in the wind
all these complex sugars
e sok összetett cukron,
borítják sejtjeinket,
amellyel valaha is találkoztam
problems that I encountered
to think about the sugars
the surface of our cells
stored in their complex structures.
összetett felépítésükben.
some information
to be incredibly important
your sugars are telling us
cukrok borítják,
cells, are coated with sugars,
sugars determine your blood type.
a vércsoportunk.
that I am blood type O.
either you're not paying attention
vagy nem figyelnek,
és mindkettő helytelen.
and both of those are bad.
the blood type O with me,
this chemical structure
ilyen kémiai szerkezetű:
to make a more complex sugar.
kapcsolódik bonyolultabb cukorrá;
an enzyme in your cells
hogy egy enzim van a sejtjeikben,
egy kissé különböző enzimük van.
than the A people,
different structure,
the other enzyme from your father,
az édesanyjuktól és az édesapjuktól is,
in roughly equal proportions.
nagyjából egyenlő arányban.
medical procedures in the world,
legfontosabb orvosi eljárást,
is the blood transfusion.
gondoskodunk róla,
if you ever need a transfusion,
azonos vércsoportú legyen,
doesn't see foreign sugars,
idegen cukrok ne kerülhessenek,
and would certainly reject.
és biztosan kilökné őket.
of your cells trying to tell us?
a sejtjeinket borító cukrok?
that you have cancer.
from the analysis of tumor tissue.
a tumorszövet elemzéséből.
would have a tumor detected,
hogy daganatot fedezünk fel,
in a biopsy procedure
to look for chemical changes
olyan kémiai elváltozásokat keresve,
about the best course of treatment.
tájékoztathatják az onkológust .
from studies like that
from being healthy to being sick.
again and again and again.
újra és újra felbukkantak.
has been: Why?
What's the importance of that?
Mi ennek a jelentősége?
can we do about it if it does turn out
a megbetegedéssel függ össze?
of a particular sugar
one of the most important sugars
egyik legfontosabb cukra,
to get familiar with this word.
ismerkedjen meg ezzel a szóval!
the kind of sugar that we eat.
amit megeszünk.
that is actually found
összes sejtünkön megtalálható.
of the cells in your body.
progressive disease,
sziálsavat tartalmazzanak,
with your immune system.
about the importance of your immune system
in the news a lot these days.
to become familiar with the term
ways of treating cancer.
is that your immune cells,
coursing through your bloodstream,
véráramunkban keringenek,
from things gone bad --
hogy a dolgok rosszra forduljanak,
are your immune cells,
and taste all the cells in your body.
és testünk minden sejtjét megízlelik.
a cell might taste bad.
megérzik a rossz ízt,
get the bad taste,
and kill those cells.
elpusztítják azokat a sejteket.
potentiate that tasting,
to actually take a big old bite
hogy nagyobbat harapjanak ki
yourself from cancer every day
out there in the market
can be more vigorous
President Jimmy Carter's life.
Jimmy Carter elnök életét.
had malignant melanoma
rosszindulatú melanomája volt,
that is usually accompanied by numbers
of these new immune-stimulating drugs,
gyógyszerekkel kezelték,
appears to be in remission,
visszavonulóban van.
only a few years ago.
a pár évvel ezelőtti helyzetet.
people are saying,
a penicillinkorszakba!"
to say about a disease
betegségről ilyeneket mondani,
up against a cancer cell to take a taste,
a ráksejthez bújik, hogy megízlelje,
a missile strike and kills the cell.
és össztüzet zúdít a sejtre.
of that sugar, sialic acid,
a sziálsav,
that grabs the sialic acid,
megköti a sziálsavat,
gets held at that synapse
közti szinapszisban reked,
and the cancer cell,
the immune cell,
semmi keresnivalód itt, menj tovább!
Nothing to see here, move along.
a thick coat of sialic acid,
sziálsavbevonatuk van,
for what it really is:
cell-surface lawnmowers --
to the surface of these cancer cells
amelyek a ráksejtek felszínére kerülve
can reach its full potential
a teljes erejét ki tudja fejteni
cells from our body.
való eltüntetésére.
around that cell
a jó sejteket békén kell hagynia,
to leave the good cells alone.
cancers get the ability
the immune system,
az immunrendszert,
to wake up those immune cells,
immunsejtjeink felébresztésére.
the sugars, eat the cell
a cukrot, essenek neki a sejtnek,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carolyn Bertozzi - Chemical biologistProfessor Carolyn Bertozzi is a chemical biologist who invents technologies and medicines based on disease-causing sugar molecules.
Why you should listen
Professor Carolyn Bertozzi's research interests span the disciplines of chemistry and biology with an emphasis on studies of cell surface sugars important to human health and disease. She was originally trained in organic chemistry and immunology, and today her research group works at the interface of these two disciplines They recently made discoveries that link particular sugars that coat the surfaces of cancer cells with the ability of those disease-causing cells to avoid elimination by the human immune system. Now her research group is developing medicines that attack cancer cell-surface sugars so as to render the immune system more potent at eliminating disease. Bertozzi also studies other human health problems including tuberculosis infections and rare genetic disorders, using tools from chemistry to power biomedical research.
Carolyn Bertozzi | Speaker | TED.com