TEDWomen 2015
Michael Kimmel: Why gender equality is good for everyone — men included
La igualtat de gènere es bona per a tothom: homes inclosos.
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Sí, tots sabem que és el correcte. Però en Michael Kimmer ens ensenya d'una manera sorprenent, divertida i pràctica com tractar homes i dones d'una manera igualitària a casa i al treball. No es tracta de guanyar o perdre, aquí tots guanyem, i el resultat seran millors oportunitats i felicitat per a tothom.
Michael Kimmel - Sociologist
The author of "Angry White Men," Michael Kimmel is a pre-eminent scholar of men and masculinity. Full bio
The author of "Angry White Men," Michael Kimmel is a pre-eminent scholar of men and masculinity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm here to recruit men
to support gender equality.
to support gender equality.
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Sóc aquí per a reclutar homes
que defensin la igualtat de gènere.
que defensin la igualtat de gènere.
00:16
(Cheers)
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(Aplaudiments)
00:19
Wait, wait. What?
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Espera, espera. Cóm?
00:22
What do men have to do
with gender equality?
with gender equality?
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Perquè han de defensar els homes
la igualtat de gènere?
la igualtat de gènere?
00:25
Gender equality is about women, right?
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És una cosa de dones això, oi?
00:27
I mean, the word gender is about women.
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Vull dir, la paraula "gènere"
fa referència a les dones.
fa referència a les dones.
00:32
Actually, I'm even here speaking
as a middle class white man.
as a middle class white man.
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De fet, estic parlant com un home
blanc de classe mitjana.
blanc de classe mitjana.
00:36
Now, I wasn't always
a middle class white man.
a middle class white man.
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Però, no sempre he sigut un home
blanc de classe mitjana.
blanc de classe mitjana.
00:39
It all happened for me about 30 years ago
when I was in graduate school,
when I was in graduate school,
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Tot va començar fa uns 30 anys
quan anava a l'escola de postgrau,
quan anava a l'escola de postgrau,
00:44
and a bunch of us graduate students
got together one day,
got together one day,
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i tota la colla d'estudiants,
vam juntar-nos un dia
vam juntar-nos un dia
00:48
and we said, you know,
there's an explosion
there's an explosion
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i vam comentar que hi havia una explosió
00:50
of writing and thinking
in feminist theory,
in feminist theory,
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de pensaments i textos
sobre teories feministes
sobre teories feministes
00:54
but there's no courses yet.
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però encara no hi havia cap curs.
00:56
So we did what graduate students
typically do in a situation like that.
typically do in a situation like that.
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Així que vam fer el que solen fer
uns estudiants en una situació així.
uns estudiants en una situació així.
00:59
We said, OK, let's have a study group.
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Vam decidir fer un grup d'estudi.
01:02
We'll read a text, we'll talk about it,
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Llegiríem un text, en parlaríem
01:05
we'll have a potluck dinner.
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i faríem un sopar.
01:06
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
01:08
So every week,
11 women and me got together.
11 women and me got together.
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Així que cada setmana,
ens juntàvem 11 dones i jo.
ens juntàvem 11 dones i jo.
01:11
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
01:14
We would read some text in feminist theory
and have a conversation about it.
and have a conversation about it.
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Llegíem algunes teoríes feministes
i en parlàvem.
i en parlàvem.
01:18
And during one of our conversations,
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I durant una d'aquestes converses,
01:20
I witnessed an interaction
that changed my life forever.
that changed my life forever.
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vaig presenciar una interacció
que em va canviar la vida.
que em va canviar la vida.
01:25
It was a conversation between two women.
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Era una conversa entre dues dones.
01:28
One of the women was white,
and one was black.
and one was black.
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Una d'elles era blanca, l'altra, negra.
01:32
And the white woman said --
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I la dona blanca va dir:
01:34
this is going to sound
very anachronistic now --
very anachronistic now --
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(això sonarà anacrònic ara)
01:36
the white woman said, "All women
face the same oppression as women.
face the same oppression as women.
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va dir: "totes les dones patim
la mateixa opressió.
la mateixa opressió.
01:42
All women are similarly
situated in patriarchy,
situated in patriarchy,
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Totes estem sotmeses a
la patriarquia
la patriarquia
01:45
and therefore all women have a kind
of intuitive solidarity or sisterhood."
of intuitive solidarity or sisterhood."
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i per això tenim una mena de solidaritat
o germanor entre nosaltres."
o germanor entre nosaltres."
01:50
And the black woman said,
"I'm not so sure.
"I'm not so sure.
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I la dona negra va dir:
"Jo no n' estic tan segura.
"Jo no n' estic tan segura.
01:54
Let me ask you a question."
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Deixa'm fer-te una pregunta."
01:56
So the black woman
says to the white woman,
says to the white woman,
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I la dona negra li va dir a la blanca:
01:59
"When you wake up in the morning
and you look in the mirror,
and you look in the mirror,
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"Quan et lleves al matí, i
et mires al mirall,
et mires al mirall,
02:01
what do you see?"
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què veus?"
02:03
And the white woman said, "I see a woman."
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La dona blanca va dir: "una dona".
02:05
And the black woman said,
"You see, that's the problem for me.
"You see, that's the problem for me.
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I la negra li va respondre: "Veus?
Aquest es el problema.
Aquest es el problema.
02:09
Because when I wake up in the morning
and I look in the mirror," she said,
and I look in the mirror," she said,
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Perquè quan jo em llevo i miro al mirall,
02:12
"I see a black woman.
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veig una dona negra.
02:13
To me, race is visible. But to you,
race is invisible. You don't see it."
race is invisible. You don't see it."
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Per a mi, la raça es veu. Però per a tu,
és invisible. No la pots veure"
és invisible. No la pots veure"
02:19
And then she said
something really startling.
something really startling.
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I després va afegir una cosa
molt sorprenent.
molt sorprenent.
02:22
She said, "That's how privilege works.
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Va dir "Així funcionen els privilegis.
02:25
Privilege is invisible
to those who have it."
to those who have it."
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Són invisibles pels qui en tenen."
02:28
It is a luxury, I will say
to the white people sitting in this room,
to the white people sitting in this room,
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Diré a la gent blanca d'aquesta sala,
que és un luxe
que és un luxe
02:31
not to have to think about race
every split second of our lives.
every split second of our lives.
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no haver de pensar sobre races
cada segon de les vostres vides.
cada segon de les vostres vides.
02:35
Privilege is invisible
to those who have it.
to those who have it.
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El privilegi és invisible
pels qui ho tenen.
pels qui ho tenen.
02:39
Now remember, I was
the only man in this group,
the only man in this group,
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Recordeu que jo era l'únic
home d'aquell grup,
home d'aquell grup,
02:41
so when I witnessed this, I went, "Oh no."
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i quan ho vaig veure,
vaig pensar "Oh, no."
vaig pensar "Oh, no."
02:44
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
02:46
And somebody said,
"Well what was that reaction?"
"Well what was that reaction?"
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I algú va dir,
"cóm reacciones tú?"
"cóm reacciones tú?"
02:48
And I said, "Well, when I wake up
in the morning and I look in the mirror,
in the morning and I look in the mirror,
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Vaig respondre: "Bueno, quan
jo em llevo i miro al mirall,
jo em llevo i miro al mirall,
02:52
I see a human being.
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veig un ésser humà.
02:54
I'm kind of the generic person.
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Sóc una persona molt genèrica.
02:57
You know, I'm a middle class white man.
I have no race, no class, no gender.
I have no race, no class, no gender.
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Sóc un home blanc de classe mitjana.
No tinc raça, classe ni gènere.
No tinc raça, classe ni gènere.
03:01
I'm universally generalizable."
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Sóc universalment generalitzable."
03:03
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
03:04
So I like to think that was the moment
I became a middle class white man,
I became a middle class white man,
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Penso que llavors vaig tornar-me
un home blanc de classe mitjana
un home blanc de classe mitjana
03:08
that class and race and gender
were not about other people,
were not about other people,
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i vaig adonar-me que la classe, la raça
o el gènere no eren coses alienes;
o el gènere no eren coses alienes;
03:12
they were about me.
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m'afectaven directament.
03:14
I had to start thinking about them,
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Vaig començar a pensar-hi,
03:16
and it had been privilege that had
kept it invisible to me for so long.
kept it invisible to me for so long.
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i vaig adonar-me que era un privilegi
invisible per a mi durant molt de temps.
invisible per a mi durant molt de temps.
03:21
Now, I wish I could tell you
this story ends 30 years ago
this story ends 30 years ago
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Tant de bo aquesta història
hagués acabat fa 30 anys
hagués acabat fa 30 anys
03:23
in that little discussion group,
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en aquell grup de debat,
03:25
but I was reminded of it quite recently
at my university where I teach.
at my university where I teach.
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però tornar-la a recordar fa molt poc
a la universitat on ensenyo.
a la universitat on ensenyo.
03:29
I have a colleague, and she and I
both teach the sociology of gender course
both teach the sociology of gender course
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Una col·lega i jo impartim el curs
de gènere i sociologia,
de gènere i sociologia,
03:33
on alternate semesters.
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en semestres diferents.
03:35
So she gives a guest lecture
for me when I teach.
for me when I teach.
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Ella fa ponències d'invitada
quan jo ensenyo.
quan jo ensenyo.
03:37
I give a guest lecture
for her when she teaches.
for her when she teaches.
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I jo en faig quan ensenya ella.
03:39
So I walk into her class
to give a guest lecture,
to give a guest lecture,
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Un dia, vaig entrar a classe seva
per fer una ponència,
per fer una ponència,
03:43
about 300 students in the room,
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amb uns 300 estudiants a l'aula,
03:45
and as I walk in, one of the students
looks up and says,
looks up and says,
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i quan vaig entrar, un d'els estudiants
em va mirar i va dir:
em va mirar i va dir:
03:48
"Oh, finally, an objective opinion."
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"Per fi, una opinió objectiva!"
03:52
All that semester, whenever
my colleague opened her mouth,
my colleague opened her mouth,
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Durant tot aquell semestre, mentres
la meva col·lega parlava,
la meva col·lega parlava,
03:56
what my students saw was a woman.
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només veien una dona.
03:58
I mean, if you were to say to my students,
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Vull dir, si ella deia:
04:00
"There is structural inequality
based on gender in the United States,"
based on gender in the United States,"
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"Hi ha una desigualtat de gènere
estructural als Estats Units",
estructural als Estats Units",
04:04
they'd say, "Well of course
you'd say that.
you'd say that.
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ells deien: "Normal que ho pensis.
04:06
You're a woman. You're biased."
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Ets una dona, ets imparcial."
04:07
When I say it, they go,
"Wow, is that interesting.
"Wow, is that interesting.
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I quan jo ho dic pensen:
"Ostres, què interessant.
"Ostres, què interessant.
04:10
Is that going to be on the test?
How do you spell 'structural'?"
How do you spell 'structural'?"
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Això sortirà a l'examen?
Com s'escriu 'estructural'?"
Com s'escriu 'estructural'?"
04:13
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
04:15
So I hope you all can see,
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Per tant mireu, per què
04:17
this is what objectivity looks like.
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així és l'objectivitat.
04:20
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Riures) (Aplaudiments)
04:24
Disembodied Western rationality.
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La racionalitat occidental incorpòria.
04:27
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
04:30
And that, by the way, is why I think
men so often wear ties.
men so often wear ties.
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I per això penso que els homes
porten corbata de vegades.
porten corbata de vegades.
04:34
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
04:36
Because if you are going to embody
disembodied Western rationality,
disembodied Western rationality,
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Perquè si voleu que la racionalitat
incorpòria occidental tingui cos,
incorpòria occidental tingui cos,
04:40
you need a signifier,
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necessiteu un indicador,
04:42
and what could be a better signifier
of disembodied Western rationality
of disembodied Western rationality
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i quin millor per a la racionalitat
occidental incorpòria
occidental incorpòria
04:46
than a garment that at one end is a noose
and the other end points to the genitals?
and the other end points to the genitals?
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que un accessori amb un llaç al damunt
i una punta que senyala els genitals?
i una punta que senyala els genitals?
04:50
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Riures) (Aplaudiments)
04:57
That is mind-body dualism right there.
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Això és un exemple de dualisme ment-cos.
05:04
So making gender visible to men
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Fer que els homes vegin el gènere
05:08
is the first step to engaging men
to support gender equality.
to support gender equality.
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és el primer pas per què
defensin la igualtat de gènere.
defensin la igualtat de gènere.
05:13
Now, when men first hear
about gender equality,
about gender equality,
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Quan escolten "igualtat
de gènere" per primer cop,
de gènere" per primer cop,
05:15
when they first start thinking about it,
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quan començen a pensar-hi,
05:17
they often think, many men think,
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molts homes pensen:
05:19
well, that's right,
that's fair, that's just,
that's fair, that's just,
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està bé, és just, està justificat...
05:24
that's the ethical imperative.
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aquest és l'imperatiu ètic.
05:27
But not all men.
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Però no tots ho pensen.
05:28
Some men think --
the lightning bolt goes off,
the lightning bolt goes off,
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A alguns se'ls hi encén la bombeta
05:31
and they go, "Oh my God,
yes, gender equality,"
yes, gender equality,"
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i pensen "Déu meu, igualtat de gènere",
05:34
and they will immediately begin
to mansplain to you your oppression.
to mansplain to you your oppression.
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i comencen a parlar sobre la vostra
opressió d'una manera sexista i pedant.
opressió d'una manera sexista i pedant.
05:39
They see supporting gender equality
something akin to the cavalry,
something akin to the cavalry,
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Veuen la defensa de la igualtat de gènere
com una cosa semblant a la cavalleria,
com una cosa semblant a la cavalleria,
05:44
like, "Thanks very much for bringing this
to our attention, ladies,
to our attention, ladies,
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com dir "Moltes gràcies sennyores per
fer-nos-ho veure,
fer-nos-ho veure,
05:47
we'll take it from here."
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ens farem càrrec."
05:49
This results in a syndrome that I like
to call 'premature self-congratulation.'
to call 'premature self-congratulation.'
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I resulta en la síndrome de la
"auto-felicitació prematura"
"auto-felicitació prematura"
05:53
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Riures) (Aplaudiments)
05:58
There's another group, though,
that actively resists gender equality,
that actively resists gender equality,
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Hi ha un altre grup de resistència
activa a la igualtat de gènere,
activa a la igualtat de gènere,
06:02
that sees gender equality
as something that is detrimental to men.
as something that is detrimental to men.
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i la veuen com quelcom nociu per l'home.
06:07
I was on a TV talk show
opposite four white men.
opposite four white men.
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Una vegada, estava en un debat a la tele
devant de quatre homes:
devant de quatre homes:
06:11
This is the beginning of the book
I wrote, 'Angry White Men.'
I wrote, 'Angry White Men.'
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així obre el meu llibre "Agry White Men"
(Homes blancs i enfadats)
(Homes blancs i enfadats)
06:14
These were four angry white men
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Eren quatre homes blancs i enfadats
06:16
who believed that they,
white men in America,
white men in America,
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que creien que ells,
homes blancs d'Amèrica,
homes blancs d'Amèrica,
06:20
were the victims of reverse discrimination
in the workplace.
in the workplace.
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eren víctimes de discriminació
positiva al treball.
positiva al treball.
06:25
And they all told stories
about how they were qualified for jobs,
about how they were qualified for jobs,
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I tots parlaven sobre les seves
qualificacions per a treballs,
qualificacions per a treballs,
06:28
qualified for promotions,
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i per a promocions,
06:30
they didn't get them,
they were really angry.
they were really angry.
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però que no aconseguien;
cosa que els cabrejava.
cosa que els cabrejava.
06:32
And the reason I'm telling you this
is I want you to hear the title
is I want you to hear the title
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I la raó per la qual us ho explico
és per què sabeu el títol
és per què sabeu el títol
06:35
of this particular show.
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d'aquest programa.
06:37
It was a quote from one of the men,
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Era una frase d'un dels homes,
06:39
and the quote was,
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i la frase deia:
06:40
"A Black Woman Stole My Job."
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"Un negre m'ha robat el meu treball".
06:44
And they all told their stories,
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Tots explicaven el seu cas;
06:45
qualified for jobs,
qualified for promotions,
qualified for promotions,
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qualificats per a
treballs i promocions
treballs i promocions
06:48
didn't get it, really angry.
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que no tenien: s'enfadaven.
06:49
And then it was my turn to speak,
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I quan em va tocar parlar,
06:51
and I said, "I have
just one question for you guys,
just one question for you guys,
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i vaig dir: "Tinc una pregunta
per a vosaltres,
per a vosaltres,
06:53
and it's about the title of the show,
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i és sobre el títol del programa,
06:56
'A Black Woman Stole My Job.'
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'Un negre m'ha robat el meu treball'.
06:58
Actually, it's about
one word in the title.
one word in the title.
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De fet és sobre una paraula
del títol.
del títol.
07:01
I want to know about the word 'my.'
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Vull saber més sobre la paraula 'meu'.
07:03
Where did you get the idea
it was your job?
it was your job?
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Per què pensàveu que era vostre?
07:07
Why isn't the title of the show,
'A Black Woman Got the Job?'
'A Black Woman Got the Job?'
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Per què el programa no es diu
'Una negra va aconseguir el treball?'
'Una negra va aconseguir el treball?'
07:10
or 'A Black Woman Got A Job?'"
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o 'Una negra va aconseguir UN treball'?"
07:13
Because without confronting
men's sense of entitlement,
men's sense of entitlement,
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Perquè sense afrontar aquest sentit
de propietat dels homes,
de propietat dels homes,
07:16
I don't think we'll ever understand
why so many men resist gender equality.
why so many men resist gender equality.
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mai no entendrem perquè molts altres
es resisteixen a la igualtat.
es resisteixen a la igualtat.
07:20
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
07:27
Look, we think this
is a level playing field,
is a level playing field,
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Mireu, pensem que estem
en les mateixes condicions,
en les mateixes condicions,
07:30
so any policy that tilts it
even a little bit,
even a little bit,
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i qualsevol llei que
les alteri una mica
les alteri una mica
07:32
we think, "Oh my God,
water's rushing uphill.
water's rushing uphill.
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ens fa pensar: "S'ens
ha girat en contra.
ha girat en contra.
07:34
It's reverse discrimination against us."
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Ara patim discriminació positiva."
07:36
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
07:37
So let me be very clear:
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Deixeu-me ser molt clar:
07:39
white men in Europe and the United States
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els homes blancs d'Europa
i dels Estats Units
i dels Estats Units
07:42
are the beneficiaries of the single
greatest affirmative action program
greatest affirmative action program
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són els beneficiaris del programa
d'acció afirmativa més important
d'acció afirmativa més important
07:46
in the history of the world.
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de la història mundial.
07:48
It is called "the history of the world."
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Es diu "Història mundial".
07:50
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Riures) (Aplaudiments)
07:56
So, now I've established
some of the obstacles to engaging men,
some of the obstacles to engaging men,
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He presentat alguns obstacles
per a comprometre els homes,
per a comprometre els homes,
08:01
but why should we support gender equality?
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però hi ha motius per a defensar
la igualtat de gènere?
la igualtat de gènere?
08:03
Of course, it's fair,
it's right and it's just.
it's right and it's just.
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I tant que sí, és justa, és correcta
i està justificada.
i està justificada.
08:07
But more than that,
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Però a banda d'això,
08:08
gender equality is also
in our interest as men.
in our interest as men.
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la igualtat també ens interessa als homes.
08:13
If you listen to what men say
about what they want in their lives,
about what they want in their lives,
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Si escolteu parlar els homes sobre
què volen a la vida,
què volen a la vida,
08:18
gender equality is actually a way
for us to get the lives we want to live.
for us to get the lives we want to live.
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veureu que amb igualtat podem
aconseguir les vides que volem.
aconseguir les vides que volem.
08:23
Gender equality is good for countries.
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La igualtat és positiva per als països.
08:27
It turns out, according to most studies,
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De fet, segons moltes recerques,
08:31
that those countries
that are the most gender equal
that are the most gender equal
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els països on hi ha més
igualtat de gènere
igualtat de gènere
08:34
are also the countries that score highest
on the happiness scale.
on the happiness scale.
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tenen la puntuació més alta
en l'escala de felicitat.
en l'escala de felicitat.
08:39
And that's not just because
they're all in Europe.
they're all in Europe.
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I això no és només per què
siguin tots a Europa.
siguin tots a Europa.
08:41
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
08:42
Even within Europe, those countries
that are more gender equal
that are more gender equal
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Dintre d'Europa, els països amb
més igualtat de gènere
més igualtat de gènere
08:46
also have the highest levels of happiness.
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són els més feliços.
08:50
It is also good for companies.
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També és bo per a les empreses.
08:52
Research by Catalyst and others
has shown conclusively
has shown conclusively
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Una recerca de Catalyst,
entre d'altres, ha demostrat
entre d'altres, ha demostrat
08:56
that the more gender-equal companies are,
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que com més igualtat tingui una empresa,
09:00
the better it is for workers,
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millor seràn els seus treballadors,
09:04
the happier their labor force is.
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i més feliços treballaràn.
09:06
They have lower job turnover.
They have lower levels of attrition.
They have lower levels of attrition.
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Hi ha menys moviment de personal.
Tenen menys nivell de desgast físic.
Tenen menys nivell de desgast físic.
09:10
They have an easier time recruiting.
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Els hi és més fàcil reclutar personal.
09:12
They have higher rates of retention,
higher job satisfaction,
higher job satisfaction,
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Tenen millors nivells de retenció,
i de satisfacció al treball
i de satisfacció al treball
09:15
higher rates of productivity.
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i millor productivitat.
09:17
So the question I'm often asked
in companies is,
in companies is,
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La pregunta que sempre
em fan a les empreses és
em fan a les empreses és
09:20
"Boy, this gender equality thing,
that's really going to be expensive, huh?"
that's really going to be expensive, huh?"
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"Això de l'igualtat de gènere
serà molt car, oi?"
serà molt car, oi?"
09:24
And I say, "Oh no, in fact,
what you have to start calculating
what you have to start calculating
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I els hi dic: "No, de fet has de
començar a pensar
començar a pensar
09:28
is how much gender inequality
is already costing you.
is already costing you.
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cóm t'està sortint de cara
la desigualtat de gènere.
la desigualtat de gènere.
09:32
It is extremely expensive."
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És extremadament cara."
09:34
So it is good for business.
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O sigui que és bona per als negocis.
09:37
And the other thing is, it's good for men.
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I d'altra banda, és bona per als homes.
09:41
It is good for the kind of lives
we want to live,
we want to live,
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És bo viure les vides que desitgem,
09:44
because young men especially
have changed enormously,
have changed enormously,
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perquè els homes joves han canviat molt
09:48
and they want to have lives
that are animated
that are animated
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i volen tenir vides que incloguin
09:51
by terrific relationships
with their children.
with their children.
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relacions meravelloses i fills.
09:53
They expect their partners,
their spouses, their wives,
their spouses, their wives,
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Volen companyes, esposes i dones
09:57
to work outside the home
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que treballin fóra
09:58
and be just as committed
to their careers as they are.
to their careers as they are.
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i estiguin tan compromeses
amb els seus treballs com ells.
amb els seus treballs com ells.
10:02
I was talking, to give you
an illustration of this change --
an illustration of this change --
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Us parlava per donar-vos
una imatge d'aquest canvi:
una imatge d'aquest canvi:
10:06
Some of you may remember this.
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molts de vosaltres recordareu això.
10:08
When I was a lot younger,
there was a riddle that was posed to us.
there was a riddle that was posed to us.
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Quan era molt més jove, ens
feien una endevinalla.
feien una endevinalla.
10:13
Some of you may wince
to remember this riddle.
to remember this riddle.
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A alguns no us agradarà recordar-la.
10:15
This riddle went something like this.
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La endevinalla deia:
10:18
A man and his son
are driving on the freeway,
are driving on the freeway,
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Un home i el seu fill
condueixen per l'autopista
condueixen per l'autopista
10:21
and they're in a terrible accident,
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i tenen un terrible accident.
10:23
and the father is killed,
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El pare mor,
10:25
and the son is brought
to the hospital emergency room,
to the hospital emergency room,
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i s'emporten el fill a la sala
d'urgències de l'hospital,
d'urgències de l'hospital,
10:28
and as they're bringing the son
into the hospital emergency room,
into the hospital emergency room,
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i quan l'estàn portant a la sala,
10:32
the emergency room attending physician
sees the boy and says,
sees the boy and says,
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el metge de la sala, veu el noi i diu:
10:35
"Oh, I can't treat him, that's my son."
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"Oh, no el puc curar, és el meu fill."
10:38
How is this possible?
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Cóm és possible?
10:40
We were flummoxed by this.
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Tots érem desconcertats.
10:42
We could not figure this out.
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No ho podíem entendre.
10:44
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
10:46
Well, I decided to do a little experiment
with my 16-year old son.
with my 16-year old son.
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Doncs jo vaig decidir fer un experiment
amb el meu fill de 16 anys.
amb el meu fill de 16 anys.
10:49
He had a bunch of his friends
hanging out at the house
hanging out at the house
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Ell era amb uns amics a casa,
10:53
watching a game on TV recently.
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veient un partit a la tele fa poc.
10:55
So I decided I would pose
this riddle to them,
this riddle to them,
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Així que vaig pensar a dir-lis
l'endevinalla
l'endevinalla
10:57
just to see, to gauge the level of change.
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per veure el nivell de canvi.
11:00
Well, 16-year-old boys,
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Doncs, els nois de 16 anys,
11:02
they immediately turned to me
and said, "It's his mom." Right?
and said, "It's his mom." Right?
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van mirar-me i van dir-me,
"És la seva mare. Oi?"
"És la seva mare. Oi?"
11:06
No problem. Just like that.
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Sense cap problema. Així mateix.
11:08
Except for my son, who said,
"Well, he could have two dads."
"Well, he could have two dads."
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Excepte el meu fill, que em va dir:
o potser té dos pares.
o potser té dos pares.
11:11
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Riures) (Aplaudiments)
11:17
That's an index, an indicator
of how things have changed.
of how things have changed.
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Aquest és un indicador de
cóm han canviat les coses.
cóm han canviat les coses.
11:21
Younger men today expect
to be able to balance work and family.
to be able to balance work and family.
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Els homes joves actuals creuen
que podràn equilibrar família i treball.
que podràn equilibrar família i treball.
11:26
They want to be dual-career,
dual-carer couples.
dual-carer couples.
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Volen tenir treball tots dos i fer-se
càrrec de la família tots dos.
càrrec de la família tots dos.
11:32
They want to be able to balance
work and family with their partners.
work and family with their partners.
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Volen equilibrar treball i família
amb les seves parelles.
amb les seves parelles.
11:35
They want to be involved fathers.
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Volen ser bons pares.
11:37
Now, it turns out
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Ara, sembla
11:39
that the more egalitarian
our relationships,
our relationships,
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que com més igualitàries
siguin les nostres relacions,
siguin les nostres relacions,
11:43
the happier both partners are.
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més felices seràn les parelles.
11:46
Data from psychologists and sociologists
are quite persuasive here.
are quite persuasive here.
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Les dades de psicòlegs i sociòlegs
són molt persuasives en aquest sentit.
són molt persuasives en aquest sentit.
11:50
I think we have the persuasive numbers,
the data, to prove to men
the data, to prove to men
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Crec que aquestes dades persuasives
fan veure els homes
fan veure els homes
11:56
that gender equality
is not a zero-sum game, but a win-win.
is not a zero-sum game, but a win-win.
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que la igualtat no és un joc on es guanya
o es perd; sinó on es guanya sempre.
o es perd; sinó on es guanya sempre.
12:00
Here's what the data show.
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Això demostren les dades.
12:02
Now, when men begin
the process of engaging
the process of engaging
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Quan els homes comencen a comprometre's
12:08
with balancing work and family,
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tot equilibrant treball i família,
12:09
we often have two phrases
that we use to describe what we do.
that we use to describe what we do.
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tenim dues frases per a descriure-ho:
12:13
We pitch in and we help out.
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Intervenim i ajudem.
12:15
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
12:16
And I'm going to propose
something a little bit more radical,
something a little bit more radical,
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I vaig a proposar una cosa més radical:
12:19
one word: "share."
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la paraula "compartir".
12:21
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
12:22
Because here's what the data show:
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Perquè les dades demostren que
12:24
when men share housework and childcare,
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quan els homes comparteixen casa i fills,
12:26
their children do better in school.
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2080
els nens tenen millors notes.
12:29
Their children have lower rates
of absenteeism,
of absenteeism,
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Falten molt menys a l'escola
12:32
higher rates of achievement.
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i tenen millors resultats.
12:33
They are less likely
to be diagnosed with ADHD.
to be diagnosed with ADHD.
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És menys probable
que desenvolupin el TDAH.
que desenvolupin el TDAH.
12:36
They are less likely
to see a child psychiatrist.
to see a child psychiatrist.
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És menys probable
que necessitin ajuda psiquiàtrica.
que necessitin ajuda psiquiàtrica.
12:39
They are less likely
to be put on medication.
to be put on medication.
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És menys probable
que necessitin medicació.
que necessitin medicació.
12:42
So when men share housework and childcare,
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Quan els homes comparteixen casa i fills,
12:45
their children are happier and healthier,
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els nens són més feliços i més sans,
12:48
and men want this.
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i això volen els homes.
12:51
When men share housework and childcare,
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Quan comparteixen casa i fills,
12:53
their wives are happier. Duh.
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les dones són més felices. Ostres.
12:57
Not only that, their wives are healthier.
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I no només això, sinó que estàn més sanes.
13:00
Their wives are less likely
to see a therapist,
to see a therapist,
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És menys probable
que necessitin un terapeuta,
que necessitin un terapeuta,
13:02
less likely to be diagnosed
with depression,
with depression,
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2048
que les diagnostiquin depressió,
13:04
less likely to be put on medication,
more likely to go to the gym,
more likely to go to the gym,
251
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3769
o que necessitin medicació. Serà més
probable que vagin al gimnàs,
probable que vagin al gimnàs,
13:08
report higher levels
of marital satisfaction.
of marital satisfaction.
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i que tinguin millors nivells
de satisfacció matrimonial.
de satisfacció matrimonial.
13:11
So when men share housework and childcare,
253
779360
2016
Així que en compartir casa i fills,
13:13
their wives are happier and healthier,
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les dones són més felices i sanes,
13:15
and men certainly want this as well.
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1920
i els homes també ho volen, això.
13:18
When men share housework and childcare,
256
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Quan els homes compaginen casa i fills,
13:20
the men are healthier.
257
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també estàn més sans.
13:22
They smoke less, drink less,
take recreational drugs less often.
take recreational drugs less often.
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3816
Fumen menys, beuen menys
i prenen menys drogues recreatives.
i prenen menys drogues recreatives.
13:26
They are less likely to go to the ER
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És menys probable que coneguin
l'alliberament prolongat
l'alliberament prolongat
13:29
but more like to go to a doctor
for routine screenings.
for routine screenings.
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i que vagin, en canvi, al metge
per a revisions rutinàries.
per a revisions rutinàries.
13:32
They are less likely to see a therapist,
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1936
És menys probable que vagin al terapeuta
13:34
less likely to be diagnosed
with depression,
with depression,
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2096
i que desenvolupin depressió,
13:36
less likely to be taking
prescription medication.
prescription medication.
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2496
i que se'ls hi prescrigui medicació.
13:39
So when men share housework and childcare,
264
807080
2016
Així que quan comparteixen casa i fills,
13:41
the men are happier and healthier.
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3176
són més feliços i estàn més sans.
13:44
And who wouldn't want that?
266
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Qui no ho vol, això?
13:46
And finally,
267
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I finalment,
13:47
when men share housework and childcare,
268
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1936
si comparteixen casa i fills,
13:49
they have more sex.
269
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tenen més sexe.
13:51
(Laughter)
270
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(Riures)
13:52
Now, of these four fascinating findings,
271
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D'aquests meravellosos descobriments,
13:55
which one do you think
Men's Health magazine put on its cover?
Men's Health magazine put on its cover?
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quin creieu que està a la portada
de la revista Men's Health?
de la revista Men's Health?
13:57
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
14:00
"Housework Makes Her Horny.
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2000
"Les tasques domèstiques l'exciten,
14:03
(Not When She Does It.)"
275
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(Menys quan les fa ella)"
14:05
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
14:06
Now, I will say,
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Ara, us diré
14:09
just to remind the men in the audience,
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només per recordar als homes del públic,
14:12
these data were collected
over a really long period of time,
over a really long period of time,
279
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3816
que aquestes dades es van recopil·lar
durant molt de temps,
durant molt de temps,
14:15
so I don't want listeners to say,
280
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2816
o sigui que no vull que digueu:
14:18
"Hmm, OK, I think
I'll do the dishes tonight."
I'll do the dishes tonight."
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"Mm...doncs, avui faré la vaixella."
14:21
These data were collected
over a really long period of time.
over a really long period of time.
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Les dades van ser recollides durant
un període ben llarg.
un període ben llarg.
14:25
But I think it shows something important,
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2400
Però ens mostra quelcom important,
14:29
that when Men's Health magazine
put it on their cover,
put it on their cover,
284
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que el que posen a la portada de
la Men's Health,
la Men's Health,
14:31
they also called,
you'll love this, "Choreplay."
you'll love this, "Choreplay."
285
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2239
és el que anomenen:
"el joc de les tasques".
"el joc de les tasques".
14:35
So, what we found
is something really important,
is something really important,
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Per tant, hem descobert
una cosa molt important;
una cosa molt important;
14:40
that gender equality
287
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que la igualtat de gènere
14:42
is in the interest of countries,
288
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és important per als països,
14:45
of companies, and of men,
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per a les empreses i pels homes,
14:48
and their children and their partners,
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els seus fills i les seves parelles,
14:51
that gender equality
is not a zero-sum game.
is not a zero-sum game.
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i que la igualtat no és un "tot o res".
14:53
It's not a win-lose.
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No és un "guanya o perd".
14:54
It is a win-win for everyone.
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És un "guanya o guanya" per a tothom.
14:58
And what we also know
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I també sabem
15:00
is we cannot fully empower women and girls
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que no podem empoderar dones i nenes,
15:04
unless we engage boys and men.
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sense comprometre nens i homes.
15:06
We know this.
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Ho sabem.
15:09
And my position is
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I jo crec
15:10
that men need the very things
that women have identified
that women have identified
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que els homes necessiten allò
que volen les dones,
que volen les dones,
15:15
that they need to live the lives
they say they want to live
they say they want to live
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que necessiten viure la vida
que diuen que volen viure,
que diuen que volen viure,
15:18
in order to live the lives
that we say we want to live.
that we say we want to live.
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per què tots podem viure
la vida que desitgem.
la vida que desitgem.
15:22
In 1915, on the eve of one
of the great suffrage demonstrations
of the great suffrage demonstrations
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El 1915, en la revetlla d'una de
les grans demostracions sufragistes
les grans demostracions sufragistes
15:27
down Fifth Avenue in New York City,
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1976
de la Cinquena Avinguda de Nova York,
15:29
a writer in New York
wrote an article in a magazine,
wrote an article in a magazine,
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un escriptor de Nova York va escriure
un article per a una revista,
un article per a una revista,
15:33
and the title of the article was,
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i el títol d'aquell article deia:
15:36
"Feminism for Men."
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"Feminisme per als homes"
15:39
And this was the first line
of that article:
of that article:
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I aquesta va ser la primera
línia d'aquell article:
línia d'aquell article:
15:42
"Feminism will make it possible
for the first time for men to be free."
for the first time for men to be free."
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"El feminisme alliberarà
els homes per primer cop"
els homes per primer cop"
15:47
Thank you.
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Moltes gràcies.
15:48
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Kimmel - SociologistThe author of "Angry White Men," Michael Kimmel is a pre-eminent scholar of men and masculinity.
Why you should listen
Sociologist Michael Kimmel is among the leading researchers and writers on men and masculinity in the world. He's the executive director of the Center for the Study of Men and Masculinities at Stony Brook University, where he is also Distinguished University Professor of Sociology and Gender Studies.
He is the author of many books, including Manhood in America, Angry White Men, and the best seller Guyland: The Perilous World Where Boys Become Men. An activist for gender equality for more than 30 years, he was recently called "the world's preeminent male feminist" by the Guardian.
Michael Kimmel | Speaker | TED.com