TEDWomen 2015
Margaret Heffernan: Forget the pecking order at work
Margaret Heffernan: Zaboravite strukturu moći na poslu
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Organizacije su često vođene prema "modelu superkokoši" kod kojeg je vrijednost na radnicima zvijezdama koji nadmašuju druge. Ipak, to nije ono što vodi najuspješnije timove. Poslovna voditeljica Margaret Heffernan smatra da je društvena povezanost - koja se gradi na svakoj pauzi za kavu, svaki put kad neki član tima traži drugog pomoć - ta koja tijekom vremena dovodi do velikih rezultata. To je radikalan način razmišljanja o tome što nas dovodi do najboljih ostvarenja i što znači biti voditelj. Kao što Heffernan naglašava: "Poduzeća nemaju ideje. Imaju ih samo ljudi."
Margaret Heffernan - Management thinker
The former CEO of five businesses, Margaret Heffernan explores the all-too-human thought patterns -- like conflict avoidance and selective blindness -- that lead organizations and managers astray. Full bio
The former CEO of five businesses, Margaret Heffernan explores the all-too-human thought patterns -- like conflict avoidance and selective blindness -- that lead organizations and managers astray. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
An evolutionary biologist
at Purdue University
at Purdue University
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Evolucijski biolog William Muir sa
00:16
named William Muir studied chickens.
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sveučilišta Purdue proučavao je kokoši.
00:19
He was interested in productivity --
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Zanimala ga je produktivnost --
00:21
I think it's something
that concerns all of us --
that concerns all of us --
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mislim da je to nešto što
se tiče svakog --
se tiče svakog --
00:23
but it's easy to measure in chickens
because you just count the eggs.
because you just count the eggs.
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ali je lako mjerljivo kod kokoši
jer treba samo prebrojati jaja.
jer treba samo prebrojati jaja.
00:26
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:28
He wanted to know what could make
his chickens more productive,
his chickens more productive,
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Želio je znati kako učiniti
kokoši produktivnijima
kokoši produktivnijima
00:31
so he devised a beautiful experiment.
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i osmislio je predivan eksperiment.
00:34
Chickens live in groups, so first of all,
he selected just an average flock,
he selected just an average flock,
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Kokoši žive u grupama pa je najprije
izabrao prosječno jato
izabrao prosječno jato
00:39
and he let it alone for six generations.
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i pustio ih samima preko šest generacija.
00:42
But then he created a second group
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Tada je stvorio i drugu grupu
00:44
of the individually
most productive chickens --
most productive chickens --
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od pojedinačno, najproduktivnijih kokoši
00:47
you could call them superchickens --
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možemo ih nazvati superkokošima,
00:50
and he put them together in a superflock,
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i stavio ih zajedno u superkokošinjac,
00:52
and each generation, he selected
only the most productive for breeding.
only the most productive for breeding.
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i u svakoj generaciji je izabrao
samo najproduktivnije za rasplod.
samo najproduktivnije za rasplod.
00:57
After six generations had passed,
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Nakon šest generacija,
00:59
what did he find?
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što je otkrio?
01:01
Well, the first group, the average group,
was doing just fine.
was doing just fine.
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Prva grupa, prosječna grupa,
je dobro napredovala.
je dobro napredovala.
01:05
They were all plump and fully feathered
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Kokoši su bile ugojene i pernate,
01:08
and egg production
had increased dramatically.
had increased dramatically.
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a broj jaja se znatno povećao.
01:10
What about the second group?
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Što se dogodilo drugoj grupi?
01:13
Well, all but three were dead.
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Sve osim tri kokoši su bile mrtve.
01:16
They'd pecked the rest to death.
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Prokljucale su ostale do smrti.
01:18
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:19
The individually productive chickens
had only achieved their success
had only achieved their success
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Pojedinačno produktivne kokoši
su uspjele ostvariti uspjeh
su uspjele ostvariti uspjeh
01:25
by suppressing the productivity
of the rest.
of the rest.
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tako da su suzbile uspjeh drugih.
01:30
Now, as I've gone around the world
talking about this and telling this story
talking about this and telling this story
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Kako sam obilazila svijet i
pričala tu priču
pričala tu priču
01:34
in all sorts of organizations
and companies,
and companies,
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u svim mogućim organizacijama
i poduzećima,
i poduzećima,
01:36
people have seen
the relevance almost instantly,
the relevance almost instantly,
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ljudi su uvidjeli važnost priče
skoro pa odmah,
skoro pa odmah,
01:39
and they come up and they say
things to me like,
things to me like,
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te bi mi prišli i rekli nešto poput
01:41
"That superflock, that's my company."
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"Taj superkokošinjac, takvo je moje
poduzeće."
poduzeće."
01:44
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:46
Or, "That's my country."
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Ili, "Takva je moja država."
01:50
Or, "That's my life."
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Ili, "Takav je moj život."
01:52
All my life I've been told that the way
we have to get ahead is to compete:
we have to get ahead is to compete:
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Cijeli život su mi govorili da je jedini
način za napredovanje natjecanje:
način za napredovanje natjecanje:
01:56
get into the right school,
get into the right job, get to the top,
get into the right job, get to the top,
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idi u pravu školu,
nađi pravi posao, budi na vrhu
nađi pravi posao, budi na vrhu
02:00
and I've really never found it
very inspiring.
very inspiring.
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ali mene to nikad nije nadahnjivalo.
02:04
I've started and run businesses
because invention is a joy,
because invention is a joy,
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Započela sam svoje poduzeće
zato što je inovacija radost
zato što je inovacija radost
02:09
and because working alongside
brilliant, creative people
brilliant, creative people
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i zato što je rad s nadarenim,
kreativnim ljudima
kreativnim ljudima
02:12
is its own reward.
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sam po sebi nagrada.
02:14
And I've never really felt very motivated
by pecking orders or by superchickens
by pecking orders or by superchickens
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I zato što me kljucanje drugih nikad
nije motiviralo, kao niti superkokoši
nije motiviralo, kao niti superkokoši
02:20
or by superstars.
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ili superzvijezde.
02:23
But for the past 50 years,
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Tijekom zadnjih 50 godina,
02:25
we've run most organizations
and some societies
and some societies
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vodimo većinu organizacija
i poneka društva
i poneka društva
02:29
along the superchicken model.
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po tom modelu superkokošinjca.
02:31
We've thought that success is achieved
by picking the superstars,
by picking the superstars,
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Smatramo da se uspjeh postiže
odabirom superzvijezda,
odabirom superzvijezda,
02:35
the brightest men,
or occasionally women, in the room,
or occasionally women, in the room,
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najpametnijih muškaraca ili
ponekad žena u prostoriji
ponekad žena u prostoriji
02:39
and giving them all the resources
and all the power.
and all the power.
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te dajući im sva sredstva i svu moć.
02:43
And the result has been just the same
as in William Muir's experiment:
as in William Muir's experiment:
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A rezultat je isti kao i u eksperimentu
William Muira:
William Muira:
02:47
aggression, dysfunction and waste.
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agresija, nefunkcionalnost i gubitak.
02:52
If the only way the most productive
can be successful
can be successful
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Ako je jedini način da najproduktivniji
budu uspješni
budu uspješni
02:56
is by suppressing
the productivity of the rest,
the productivity of the rest,
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tako da suzbijaju produktivnost drugih
02:59
then we badly need to find
a better way to work
a better way to work
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tada pod hitno trebamo naći
bolji način rada
bolji način rada
03:03
and a richer way to live.
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i bogatiji način življenja.
03:06
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
03:10
So what is it that makes some groups
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Dakle, što čini neke grupe
03:14
obviously more successful
and more productive than others?
and more productive than others?
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naočigled uspješnije i produktivnije
nego druge?
nego druge?
03:18
Well, that's the question
a team at MIT took to research.
a team at MIT took to research.
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To je pitanje koje je tim na MIT-u
odlučio istražiti.
odlučio istražiti.
03:21
They brought in hundreds of volunteers,
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Doveli su stotine dobrovoljaca,
03:24
they put them into groups, and they
gave them very hard problems to solve.
gave them very hard problems to solve.
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svrstali ih u grupe i dali im teške
probleme koje su trebali riještiti.
probleme koje su trebali riještiti.
03:27
And what happened was exactly
what you'd expect,
what you'd expect,
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Ono što se dogodilo je točno
ono što bi i očekivali,
ono što bi i očekivali,
03:30
that some groups were very much
more successful than others,
more successful than others,
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neke grupe su bile uspješnije nego druge,
03:33
but what was really interesting
was that the high-achieving groups
was that the high-achieving groups
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ali ono što je zaista bilo zanimljivo
jest da grupe s visokim rezultatima
jest da grupe s visokim rezultatima
03:37
were not those where they had
one or two people
one or two people
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nisu bile one koje su imale
jedno ili dvoje ljudi
jedno ili dvoje ljudi
03:40
with spectacularly high I.Q.
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sa iznimno visokim kvocijentom
inteligencije.
inteligencije.
03:43
Nor were the most successful groups
the ones that had the highest
the ones that had the highest
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Niti su najuspješnije grupe bile
one koje su imale najviši
one koje su imale najviši
03:46
aggregate I.Q.
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zbir kvocijenta inteligencije.
03:49
Instead, they had three characteristics,
the really successful teams.
the really successful teams.
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Umjesto toga, vrlo uspješne grupe su imale
tri karkateristike.
tri karkateristike.
03:54
First of all, they showed high degrees
of social sensitivity to each other.
of social sensitivity to each other.
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Prvo, pokazivale su međusobno visoki
stupanj društvene osjetljivosti.
stupanj društvene osjetljivosti.
04:00
This is measured by something called
the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.
the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.
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To je mjereno pomoću testa koji se
zove Čitanje uma u očima.
zove Čitanje uma u očima.
04:04
It's broadly considered
a test for empathy,
a test for empathy,
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To je opće prihvaćeni test za
empatiju,
empatiju,
04:06
and the groups that scored highly on this
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i grupe koje su dobile više bodova
na njemu
na njemu
04:08
did better.
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su imale i bolje postignuće.
04:10
Secondly, the successful groups
gave roughly equal time to each other,
gave roughly equal time to each other,
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Drugo, unutar uspješne grupe svi članovi
su imali jednako vremena na raspolaganju,
su imali jednako vremena na raspolaganju,
04:15
so that no one voice dominated,
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tako da niti jedan glas nije dominirao,
04:18
but neither were there any passengers.
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ali nitko nije bio niti prolaznik.
04:21
And thirdly, the more successful groups
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Treće, uspješnije grupe
04:23
had more women in them.
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su imale više žena.
04:26
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
04:28
Now, was this because women
typically score more highly on
typically score more highly on
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Je li to zato što žene najčešće
ostvaruju više bodova na
ostvaruju više bodova na
04:32
the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test,
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testu Čitanje uma u očima,
04:34
so you're getting a doubling down
on the empathy quotient?
on the empathy quotient?
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što je rezultiralo povećanjem
kvocijenta empatije?
kvocijenta empatije?
04:37
Or was it because they brought
a more diverse perspective?
a more diverse perspective?
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Ili je razlog taj što su žene
doprinijele raznolikosti u perspektivi?
doprinijele raznolikosti u perspektivi?
04:39
We don't really know, but the striking
thing about this experiment
thing about this experiment
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Nismo sigurni, ali iznenađujuća činjenica
u vezi eksperimenta
u vezi eksperimenta
04:43
is that it showed what we know, which is
some groups do better than others,
some groups do better than others,
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je pokazala ono što znamo.
Neke grupe su bolje od drugih,
Neke grupe su bolje od drugih,
04:48
but what's key to that
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a ono što je ključno
04:50
is their social connectedness
to each other.
to each other.
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jest njihova društvena povezanost.
04:55
So how does this play out
in the real world?
in the real world?
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Kako se to odražava u stvarnom
svijetu?
svijetu?
04:58
Well, it means that what happens
between people really counts,
between people really counts,
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To znači da je važno ono što se događa
među ljudima,
među ljudima,
05:03
because in groups that are highly
attuned and sensitive to each other,
attuned and sensitive to each other,
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jer u grupama kod kojih su članovi svjesni
i osjetljivi jedni prema drgima,
i osjetljivi jedni prema drgima,
05:07
ideas can flow and grow.
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ideje se mogu razmjenjivati i rasti.
05:10
People don't get stuck.
They don't waste energy down dead ends.
They don't waste energy down dead ends.
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Ljudi ne zapnu. Ne troše energiju
na stvari bez mogućnosti završetka.
na stvari bez mogućnosti završetka.
05:14
An example: Arup is one of the world's
most successful engineering firms,
most successful engineering firms,
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Primjer: Arup je jedna od najuspješnijih
svjetskih inženjerskih poduzeća,
svjetskih inženjerskih poduzeća,
05:19
and it was commissioned to build
the equestrian center
the equestrian center
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i od njih je naručena izgradnja
konjičkog centra
konjičkog centra
05:22
for the Beijing Olympics.
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za Olimpijske igre u Pekingu.
05:24
Now, this building had to receive
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Ta zgrada je trebala primiti
05:25
two and a half thousand
really highly strung thoroughbred horses
really highly strung thoroughbred horses
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dvije i pol tisuće razdražljivih
prvoklasnih konja
prvoklasnih konja
05:31
that were coming off long-haul flights,
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koji su dolazili sa dugih letova,
05:33
highly jet-lagged,
not feeling their finest.
not feeling their finest.
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neprilagođeni drugoj vremenskoj zoni,
i ne baš u vrhunskom izdanju.
i ne baš u vrhunskom izdanju.
05:36
And the problem
the engineer confronted was,
the engineer confronted was,
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Problem s kojim se suočio
inženjer
inženjer
05:40
what quantity of waste to cater for?
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je bio o kojoj količini otpada će
se trebati brintui?
se trebati brintui?
05:44
Now, you don't get taught this
in engineering school -- (Laughter) --
in engineering school -- (Laughter) --
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To vas ne uče u inženjerskoj
školi -- (Smijeh) --
školi -- (Smijeh) --
05:49
and it's not really the kind of thing
you want to get wrong,
you want to get wrong,
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i to nije jedna od stvari koju smijete
pogriješiti.
pogriješiti.
05:52
so he could have spent months
talking to vets, doing the research,
talking to vets, doing the research,
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On je mogao provesti mjesece
razgovarajući s veterinarima i istražujući
razgovarajući s veterinarima i istražujući
05:55
tweaking the spreadsheet.
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slažući tablice s podacima.
05:57
Instead, he asked for help
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Umjesto toga, potražio je pomoć
06:00
and he found someone who had designed
the Jockey Club in New York.
the Jockey Club in New York.
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i pronašao nekog tko je dizajnirao
Jahački klub u New Yorku.
Jahački klub u New Yorku.
06:05
The problem was solved in less than a day.
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Problem je riješen u manje od dana.
06:09
Arup believes that
the culture of helpfulness
the culture of helpfulness
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Arup vjeruje da je gajenje
kulture pomaganja
kulture pomaganja
06:12
is central to their success.
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središnji dio njihovog uspjeha.
06:15
Now, helpfulness sounds really anemic,
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No, pomaganje zvuči prilično anemično,
06:19
but it's absolutely core
to successful teams,
to successful teams,
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a istovremeno je i osnova uspješnih timova
06:23
and it routinely outperforms
individual intelligence.
individual intelligence.
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i rutinski nadmašuje iteligenciju
pojedinca.
pojedinca.
06:29
Helpfulness means I don't
have to know everything,
have to know everything,
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Pomoć znači da ja ne moram znati sve,
06:32
I just have to work among people
who are good at getting and giving help.
who are good at getting and giving help.
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već trebam raditi među ljudima koji su
dobri u davanju i primanju pomoći.
dobri u davanju i primanju pomoći.
06:37
At SAP, they reckon that you can answer
any question in 17 minutes.
any question in 17 minutes.
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U SAP-u su izračunali da možete dati
odgovor na bilo koje pitanje u 17 minuta.
odgovor na bilo koje pitanje u 17 minuta.
06:44
But there isn't a single
high-tech company I've worked with
high-tech company I've worked with
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No, nema niti jednog visoko tehnološkog
poduzeća s kojem sam radila
poduzeća s kojem sam radila
06:47
that imagines for a moment
that this is a technology issue,
that this is a technology issue,
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koje i za trenutak pomišlja da je to
zapravo tehnološki problem,
zapravo tehnološki problem,
06:52
because what drives helpfulness
is people getting to know each other.
is people getting to know each other.
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jer ono što pokreće pomaganje su ljudi
koji se međusobno poznaju.
koji se međusobno poznaju.
06:57
Now that sounds so obvious, and we think
it'll just happen normally,
it'll just happen normally,
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To, naravno, zvuči vrlo očito i mi mislimo
da će se to dogoditi samo po sebi,
da će se to dogoditi samo po sebi,
07:02
but it doesn't.
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iako se ne događa.
07:04
When I was running
my first software company,
my first software company,
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Dok sam vodila svoje prvo softversko
poduzeće
poduzeće
07:07
I realized that we were getting stuck.
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shvatila sam da jednostavno ne napredujemo
07:09
There was a lot of friction,
but not much else,
but not much else,
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Bilo je prilično trvenja, no ništa više,
07:13
and I gradually realized the brilliant,
creative people that I'd hired
creative people that I'd hired
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osim što sam s vremenom shvatila da se
sjajni, kreativni ljudi koje sam zaposlila
sjajni, kreativni ljudi koje sam zaposlila
07:18
didn't know each other.
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međusobno ne poznaju.
07:20
They were so focused
on their own individual work,
on their own individual work,
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Bili su toliko fokusirani,
na njihov individualni posao
na njihov individualni posao
07:24
they didn't even know
who they were sitting next to,
who they were sitting next to,
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da nisu niti znali do koga sjede
07:27
and it was only when I insisted
that we stop working
that we stop working
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i tek kad sam inzistirala da svi
prestanemo raditi
prestanemo raditi
07:30
and invest time in getting
to know each other
to know each other
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i uložimo vrijeme da bismo se
bolje upoznali
bolje upoznali
07:33
that we achieved real momentum.
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smo postigli stvarni napredak.
07:36
Now, that was 20 years ago,
and now I visit companies
and now I visit companies
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Danas, 20 godina poslije,
posjećujem druga poduzeća
posjećujem druga poduzeća
07:39
that have banned coffee cups at desks
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koja brane šalice s kavom na stolovima
07:42
because they want people to hang out
around the coffee machines
around the coffee machines
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jer žele da se njihovi radnici druže oko
uređaja za kavu
uređaja za kavu
07:46
and talk to each other.
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i razgovaraju jedni s drugima.
07:48
The Swedes even have
a special term for this.
a special term for this.
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Šveđani čak imaju i poseban izraz
za tako nešto
za tako nešto
07:50
They call it fika, which means
more than a coffee break.
more than a coffee break.
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Oni to zovu --fika-- što znači puno
više od pauze za kavu.
više od pauze za kavu.
07:54
It means collective restoration.
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To znači zajedničko obnavljanje.
07:57
At Idexx, a company up in Maine,
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U Idexx-u, poduzeću u Mainu
08:00
they've created vegetable gardens
on campus so that people
on campus so that people
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kreirali su povrtnjake oko poduzeća
kako bi ljudi
kako bi ljudi
08:03
from different parts of the business
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iz različitih dijelova njihovog poduzeća
08:05
can work together and get to know
the whole business that way.
the whole business that way.
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mogli zajedno raditi u njima i na taj
način upoznati čitavo poslovanje.
način upoznati čitavo poslovanje.
08:10
Have they all gone mad?
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Jesu li oni svi poludjeli?
08:12
Quite the opposite -- they've figured out
that when the going gets tough,
that when the going gets tough,
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Upravo obrnuto -- oni su shvatili kad
stvari postanu guste
stvari postanu guste
08:16
and it always will get tough
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a uvijek će postati gusto
08:18
if you're doing breakthrough work
that really matters,
that really matters,
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ako se bavite pionirskim poslovima
koji su zaista važni
koji su zaista važni
08:21
what people need is social support,
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ono što ljudima treba je
društvena podrška
društvena podrška
08:23
and they need to know who to ask for help.
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i spoznaja kome se mogu obratiti za pomoć.
08:27
Companies don't have ideas;
only people do.
only people do.
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Poduzeća nemaju ideje,
imaju ih samo ljudi.
imaju ih samo ljudi.
08:31
And what motivates people
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A ono što motivira ljude
08:34
are the bonds and loyalty and trust
they develop between each other.
they develop between each other.
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su veze i privrženost i povjerenje
koje su razvili između sebe.
koje su razvili između sebe.
08:39
What matters is the mortar,
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Ono što je važno jest vezivo,
08:43
not just the bricks.
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a ne samo cigle.
08:46
Now, when you put all of this together,
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Kad sve to zbrojite
08:48
what you get is something
called social capital.
called social capital.
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dobijete nešto što nazivamo
društveni kapital.
društveni kapital.
08:51
Social capital is the reliance
and interdependency that builds trust.
and interdependency that builds trust.
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Društveni kapital je oslonac i
međuovisnost koji grade povjerenje.
međuovisnost koji grade povjerenje.
08:56
The term comes from sociologists
who were studying communities
who were studying communities
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Pojam su osmislili sociolozi koji su
proučavali zajednice
proučavali zajednice
09:00
that proved particularly resilient
in times of stress.
in times of stress.
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koje su se pokazale posebno
otporne u stresnim vremenima.
otporne u stresnim vremenima.
09:05
Social capital is what
gives companies momentum,
gives companies momentum,
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4551
Društveni kapital daje poduzećima
podstrek
podstrek
09:09
and social capital
is what makes companies robust.
is what makes companies robust.
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i društveni kapital je to što poduzeća
čini otpornima.
čini otpornima.
09:16
What does this mean in practical terms?
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2260
Što to znači u praksi?
09:18
It means that time is everything,
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To znači da je vrijeme najvažnije
09:22
because social capital
compounds with time.
compounds with time.
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jer društveni kapital se spaja s vremenom.
09:27
So teams that work together longer
get better, because it takes time
get better, because it takes time
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Pa onda timovi koji duže rade zajedno
postaju bolji, jer je potrebno vrijeme
postaju bolji, jer je potrebno vrijeme
09:32
to develop the trust you need
for real candor and openness.
for real candor and openness.
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za razvoj povjerenja koje je potrebno za
stvarnu iskrenost i otvorenost.
stvarnu iskrenost i otvorenost.
09:38
And time is what builds value.
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Vrijeme je potrebno za stvaranje
vrijednosti.
vrijednosti.
09:42
When Alex Pentland
suggested to one company
suggested to one company
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Kad je Alex Pentland predložio
jednom poduzeću
jednom poduzeću
09:44
that they synchronize coffee breaks
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2716
da sinkroniziraju pauze za kavu
09:47
so that people would have time
to talk to each other,
to talk to each other,
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3901
kako bi ljudi imali vremena za
razgovor,
razgovor,
09:51
profits went up 15 million dollars,
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3483
profit je narastao za 15 milijuna dolara,
09:54
and employee satisfaction
went up 10 percent.
went up 10 percent.
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3854
a zadovoljstvo radnika je poraslo 10%.
09:58
Not a bad return on social capital,
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3101
Nije loša investicija u društveni kapital,
10:01
which compounds even as you spend it.
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4027
koji se stvara čak i kad ga trošite.
10:05
Now, this isn't about chumminess,
and it's no charter for slackers,
and it's no charter for slackers,
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Ovdje ne govorimo o druženjima ili
opravdanjima za lijenčine,
opravdanjima za lijenčine,
10:12
because people who work this way
tend to be kind of scratchy,
tend to be kind of scratchy,
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4634
jer su ljudi koji rade na takav način malo
grublji,
grublji,
10:16
impatient, absolutely determined
to think for themselves
to think for themselves
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4034
nestrpljivi i apsolutno usmjereni samo
na sebe
na sebe
10:20
because that's what their contribution is.
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3990
jer takav je njihov doprinos.
10:24
Conflict is frequent
because candor is safe.
because candor is safe.
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5299
Sukob je čest jer iskrenost daje
sigurnost.
sigurnost.
10:30
And that's how good ideas
turn into great ideas,
turn into great ideas,
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618280
5191
I to je način na koji dobre ideje postaju
velike
velike
10:35
because no idea is born fully formed.
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3100
jer niti jedna ideja nije stvorena potpuno
osmišljena.
osmišljena.
10:38
It emerges a little bit
as a child is born,
as a child is born,
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Na neki način se čini kao da je rođeno
dijete,
dijete,
10:41
kind of messy and confused,
but full of possibilities.
but full of possibilities.
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4589
pomalo smotano i smeteno, a
puno mogućnosti.
puno mogućnosti.
10:46
And it's only through the generous
contribution, faith and challenge
contribution, faith and challenge
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6121
I samo kroz velikodušan doprinos, vjeru i
izazove
izazove
10:52
that they achieve their potential.
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3282
ona dostižu svoj potencijal.
10:55
And that's what social capital supports.
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4063
I to je ono što društveni kapital podržava.
11:01
Now, we aren't really used
to talking about this,
to talking about this,
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2773
Mi nismo baš navikli pričati o tome,
11:04
about talent, about creativity,
in this way.
in this way.
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3970
o talentu, o kreativnosti, na takav način.
11:08
We're used to talking about stars.
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3734
Mi smo navikli pričati o zvijezdama.
11:12
So I started to wonder,
well, if we start working this way,
well, if we start working this way,
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4109
Počela sam se pitati,
ako počnemo raditi na takav način
ako počnemo raditi na takav način
11:16
does that mean no more stars?
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664371
2224
znači li to da ćemo biti bez zvijezda?
11:19
So I went and I sat in on the auditions
190
667445
2360
Stoga sam posjetila audiciju
11:21
at the Royal Academy
of Dramatic Art in London.
of Dramatic Art in London.
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669805
3856
Kraljevske akademije dramskih umjetnosti
u Londonu,
u Londonu,
11:25
And what I saw there really surprised me,
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673661
3225
a ono što sam tamo vidjela me je zaista
iznenadilo,
iznenadilo,
11:28
because the teachers weren't looking
for individual pyrotechnics.
for individual pyrotechnics.
193
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4900
jer učitelji nisu tražili individualni
vatromet.
vatromet.
11:33
They were looking for what happened
between the students,
between the students,
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4690
Oni su pratili što se dešava među
kandidatima
kandidatima
11:38
because that's where the drama is.
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4110
jer tu se odvija prava drama.
11:42
And when I talked
to producers of hit albums,
to producers of hit albums,
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2289
Kada sam razgovarala s producentima
hit ploča
hit ploča
11:44
they said, "Oh sure, we have
lots of superstars in music.
lots of superstars in music.
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3228
oni su rekli "Naravno, da imamo puno
zvijezda u glazbi.
zvijezda u glazbi.
11:48
It's just, they don't last very long.
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3117
Samo one kratko traju.
11:51
It's the outstanding collaborators
who enjoy the long careers,
who enjoy the long careers,
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Izvrsni suradnici su oni čija karijera
dugo traje
dugo traje
11:55
because bringing out the best in others
is how they found the best
is how they found the best
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703220
4212
jer izvlačeći najbolje iz drugih je način
da izvuku najbolje
da izvuku najbolje
11:59
in themselves."
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1644
iz sebe samih.
12:01
And when I went to visit companies
that are renowned
that are renowned
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2429
Kada sam posjećivala poduzeća poznata
12:04
for their ingenuity and creativity,
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2067
po svojoj genijalnosti i kreativnosti
12:06
I couldn't even see any superstars,
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2925
nisam zamjećivala zvijezde
12:09
because everybody there really mattered.
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4338
jer svatko je tamo bio važan.
12:13
And when I reflected on my own career,
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2883
I kada sam se prisjetila svoje karijere
12:16
and the extraordinary people
I've had the privilege to work with,
I've had the privilege to work with,
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3924
i izvanrednih ljudi s kojima sam imala
privilegiju raditi
privilegiju raditi
12:20
I realized how much more
we could give each other
we could give each other
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728252
5544
shvatila sam koliko puno više
možemo dati jedni drugima
možemo dati jedni drugima
12:25
if we just stopped trying
to be superchickens.
to be superchickens.
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5121
samo ako prestanemo biti
superkokoši.
superkokoši.
12:31
(Laughter) (Applause)
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5155
(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
12:36
Once you appreciate
truly how social work is,
truly how social work is,
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6376
Jednom kad počnete stvarno
cijeniti što društveni rad jest,
cijeniti što društveni rad jest,
12:43
a lot of things have to change.
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3097
mnoge će se stvari promijeniti.
12:46
Management by talent contest
has routinely pitted
has routinely pitted
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4087
Natjecanja za najbolje talente su u
u pravilu razdvojila
u pravilu razdvojila
12:50
employees against each other.
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2461
radnike jedne od drugih.
12:52
Now, rivalry has to be replaced
by social capital.
by social capital.
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4514
Suparništvo treba biti zamijenjeno
društvenim kapitalom.
društvenim kapitalom.
12:58
For decades, we've tried
to motivate people with money,
to motivate people with money,
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3125
Desetljećima, smo pokušali motivirati
ljude pomoću novca
ljude pomoću novca
13:01
even though we've got
a vast amount of research that shows
a vast amount of research that shows
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2880
iako imamo ogroman broj istraživanja
koja pokazuju
koja pokazuju
13:04
that money erodes social connectedness.
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3831
da novac nagriza društvenu povezanost.
13:08
Now, we need to let people
motivate each other.
motivate each other.
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5335
Trebamo omogućiti ljudima da
motiviraju jedni druge.
motiviraju jedni druge.
13:14
And for years, we've thought that leaders
were heroic soloists who were expected,
were heroic soloists who were expected,
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4924
Godinama smo učili da su vođe
junački pojedinci od kojih se očekuje
junački pojedinci od kojih se očekuje
13:19
all by themselves,
to solve complex problems.
to solve complex problems.
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3156
da složene problem rješavaju potpuno
sami.
sami.
13:22
Now, we need to redefine leadership
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3552
Trebamo preformulirati vodstvo
13:26
as an activity in which
conditions are created
conditions are created
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4064
kao aktivnost tijekom koje se
stvaraju uvjeti
stvaraju uvjeti
13:30
in which everyone can do their most
courageous thinking together.
courageous thinking together.
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5958
kod kojih svatko zajedno s drugima može
ostvariti svoje najhrabrije zamisli.
ostvariti svoje najhrabrije zamisli.
13:36
We know that this works.
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3520
Mi znamo da to radi.
13:40
When the Montreal Protocol called
for the phasing out of CFCs,
for the phasing out of CFCs,
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4295
Kada je izglasan montrealski pravilnik o
izbacivanju CFC-a iz upotrebe jer
izbacivanju CFC-a iz upotrebe jer
13:44
the chlorofluorocarbons implicated
in the hole in the ozone layer,
in the hole in the ozone layer,
227
812505
4342
je uzrokovao širenje oznoske rupe u
zemljinoj atmosferi
zemljinoj atmosferi
13:48
the risks were immense.
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2185
rizik je bio ogroman.
13:51
CFCs were everywhere,
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2899
CFC je bio svugdje
13:54
and nobody knew if a substitute
could be found.
could be found.
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2549
i nitko nije znao je li moguće
pronaći zamjenu.
pronaći zamjenu.
13:57
But one team that rose to the challenge
adopted three key principles.
adopted three key principles.
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5311
No jedan tim, stvoren za tu namjenu,
usvojio je tri načela.
usvojio je tri načela.
14:03
The first was the head of engineering,
Frank Maslen, said,
Frank Maslen, said,
232
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3358
Prvo je bilo, rekao je glavni inženjer
Frank Maslen,
Frank Maslen,
14:06
there will be no stars in this team.
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3333
da u njegovom timu neće biti zvijezda.
14:09
We need everybody.
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2277
Trebamo svakog pojedinca.
14:12
Everybody has a valid perspective.
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Svatko ima ispravnu perspektivu.
14:15
Second, we work to one standard only:
236
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4226
Drugo, radimo prema samo jednom
standardu:
standardu:
14:19
the best imaginable.
237
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2599
Najbolje što možemo zamisliti.
14:22
And third, he told his boss,
Geoff Tudhope,
Geoff Tudhope,
238
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3042
I treće, rekao je svom šefu,
Geoffu Tudhopeu
Geoffu Tudhopeu
14:25
that he had to butt out,
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853632
1973
da se ne miješa
14:27
because he knew
how disruptive power can be.
how disruptive power can be.
240
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3251
jer je znao kako razorna može
biti njegova moć.
biti njegova moć.
14:30
Now, this didn't mean Tudhope did nothing.
241
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2833
To ne znači da Tudhope nije radio ništa.
14:33
He gave the team air cover,
242
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1741
Pružio je timu zračnu potporu
14:35
and he listened to ensure
that they honored their principles.
that they honored their principles.
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4110
i osluškivao poštuju li svoja vlastita
načela.
načela.
14:40
And it worked: Ahead of all the other
companies tackling this hard problem,
companies tackling this hard problem,
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6070
I uspjeli su. Riješili su ovaj problem
prije svih drugih grupa koje su
prije svih drugih grupa koje su
14:46
this group cracked it first.
245
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3258
ga, također, pokušavale riješiti.
14:49
And to date, the Montreal Protocol
246
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2601
I, dan danas, montrealski pravilnik je
14:52
is the most successful international
environmental agreement
environmental agreement
247
880339
5721
najuspješniji međunarodni sporazum
o okolišu
o okolišu
14:58
ever implemented.
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1922
ikad primjenjen.
15:01
There was a lot at stake then,
249
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2538
Puno je toga bilo stavljeno na kocku tada,
15:03
and there's a lot at stake now,
250
891940
2739
a puno je toga na kocki i sad
15:06
and we won't solve our problems
if we expect it to be solved
if we expect it to be solved
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4528
i mi nećemo riješiti naše probleme,
ako očekujemo da ih riješi
ako očekujemo da ih riješi
15:11
by a few supermen or superwomen.
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2601
nekolicina super muškaraca i super žena.
15:13
Now we need everybody,
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3506
Sada trebamo svakog
15:17
because it is only when we accept
that everybody has value
that everybody has value
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6226
jer tek kad prihvatimo da
je svatko vrijedan
je svatko vrijedan
15:23
that we will liberate the energy
and imagination and momentum we need
and imagination and momentum we need
255
911540
7046
oslobodit ćemo energiju i maštu
i podstrek koje trebamo
i podstrek koje trebamo
15:30
to create the best beyond measure.
256
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4774
za stvaranje najboljeg što možemo.
15:35
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
15:38
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Margaret Heffernan - Management thinkerThe former CEO of five businesses, Margaret Heffernan explores the all-too-human thought patterns -- like conflict avoidance and selective blindness -- that lead organizations and managers astray.
Why you should listen
How do organizations think? In her book Willful Blindness, Margaret Heffernan examines why businesses and the people who run them often ignore the obvious -- with consequences as dire as the global financial crisis and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.
Heffernan began her career in television production, building a track record at the BBC before going on to run the film and television producer trade association IPPA. In the US, Heffernan became a serial entrepreneur and CEO in the wild early days of web business. She now blogs for the Huffington Post and BNET.com. Her latest book, Beyond Measure, a TED Books original, explores the small steps companies can make that lead to big changes in their culture.
Margaret Heffernan | Speaker | TED.com