Juan Enriquez: What will humans look like in 100 years?
후안 엔리케즈(Juan Enriquez): 100년 뒤 인간은 어떻게 생겼을까?
Juan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
온 힘을 다하고 있습니다.
the tools together to evolve ourselves.
and we can evolve plants
식물도 진화시킬 수 있으며
where we really have to ask,
생각해볼 때가 왔습니다.
and do we want to evolve human beings?
과연 윤리적인 일일까요?
in the context of prosthetics,
미래를 기준으로요.
in one of these battles.
팔을 결투에서 잃었습니다.
걸치면 됐으니까요.
여기서 유래됐습니다.
of ruling with an iron fist comes from.
have been getting more and more useful,
and as you're thinking about that,
absolutely extraordinary prosthetics.
will go out and say,
do I want to climb?
or does somebody want to ballroom dance?
무도회에서 춤을 출까?
is they've been coming inside the body.
적용하기 시작했습니다.
have now become artificial knees.
about a heart pacemaker as a prosthetic,
that isn't just, "I'm missing my leg,"
하는 그런 물건이 아니라
하는 물건이죠.
becomes a symbiotic relationship
공생하는 시대가 왔습니다.
that I've ever met --
Joe Jacobson, Bob Lander --
조 제이콥슨, 밥 랜더
for Extreme Bionics.
일하고 있습니다.
of what you're seeing here is
now get integrated into the bone.
about how to connect the brain
보철들을 직접 연결할 방법을 생각중입니다.
fundamental aspects of humanity.
depends on the diameter of a nerve.
직경과 관련이 있습니다.
that are external or prosthetic,
직경을 키운다면
theoretically to the point where,
you could step out of the way of a bullet.
총알을 피할 수 있어요.
of changes you're talking about.
sort of level of prosthetics.
why these are so interesting
from where prosthetics are something
"장애인"을 위한 것이었다면
that somebody who is "normal"
which is really interesting,
더 잘 들을 수 있을 뿐만 아니라
going on over there.
You can have white noise.
백색 소음도 들을 수 있고
they also put a phone into this.
핸드폰도 연동할 수 있습니다.
and also as your phone.
want to have a prosthetic voluntarily.
of loosely connected little pieces
합쳐지고 있습니다.
over the next century or two?
진화시키고 싶은 걸까요?
to a great philosopher
despite being a Yankee fan.
꽤 똑똑했던 사람 말이에요.
that it's very tough to make predictions,
매우 어렵다고 했습니다.
about the future to begin with,
with people like Tony Atala,
다시 만들고 있습니다.
isn't having something external, titanium.
몸에 붙이는 것이 아니라
is take your own gene code,
than any kind of a prosthetic.
진짜보단 못할테니까요.
the work of Craig Venter and Ham Smith.
마찬가지입니다.
that we've been doing
how to reprogram cells.
in those organs.
the cells in those organs,
more radiation-resistant.
기능이 향상되도록 말입니다.
that you don't want in your body.
George Church has been in the news a lot
one of these programmable cells
an entire human genome into a cell,
to enhance any of that genome?
to enhance a human body?
to enhance a human body
to enhance a human body?
multidimensional chess board
human genetics by using viruses
through gene therapy
of those genes in the epigenome
it's not just one little bit,
to take little portions of it
that's very different.
are very scared by this stuff.
and there are risks to this stuff.
위험성이 있으니까요.
ever want to do this stuff?
하고 싶어할까요?
to alter the human body
is the universe is 100 percent malevolent.
"우주는 100% 유해하다"
any one of your bodies at random,
of Mercury, you die.
about 80 percent effective.
"다행히도, 80%는 유효하다."
upstream eddies of biology
in this rapid torrent of entropy.
질서를 부여합니다.
that create biological order.
when the Earth becomes very hot,
지구가 몹시 뜨거워질 때
when you have supervolcanoes,
화산이 폭발할 때
extinction-level events
you can have periodic extinctions.
five times on Earth,
is going to go extinct someday.
but maybe 10,000 years after that.
10,000년 후 일수도 있죠.
of the consequence of that,
are common and natural
to diversify our species.
도덕적으로 필수적인 것이 됩니다.
really hard to live on Mars
modify the human body.
to make one cell,
the gravity substantially,
to create your body.
일어날지도 모릅니다.
our bodies as they currently are
you have to really redesign things
화성에 발이라도 딛어보려면
of Neptune or Jupiter.
in a series of scales.
to alter his or her looks.
for thousands of years.
and you've got this and you've got that.
이것도 하고 저것도 하고
take place for medical reasons.
아니라고 들었습니다.
is a different civilization.
fundamental aspects of the body.
the person grows taller,
키를 키울 수도 있고
gets fatter or loses metabolism
살을 찌울 수 있고
in a fundamental way.
a Life Three civilization,
from what we've got here.
Deinococcus radiodurans
우리를 접목시켜
after a lot of exposure to radiation.
세포를 늘릴 수 있겠죠.
flow through your blood
호흡할 수도 있겠죠.
really radical redesigns,
that's happened in the last decade
가장 흥미로운 것은
a whole lot of planets out there.
많이 발견했다는 것입니다.
want to get to these planets,
and the rest of this stuff --
몇만 년이 걸립니다.
to the nearest solar system.
beaches somewhere else,
해변에서 놀고싶거나
about something that is very different,
시작해야 하는 거죠.
the timescale and the body of humans
absolutely unrecognizable.
to imagine what that might look like,
take us even that far.
that Floyd's been doing
가지고 작업했습니다.
with the basic chemistry of life.
is made in ATCGs, the four letters of DNA.
ATCG로 이루어져 있습니다.
all animals, all humans, all cows,
two of those base pairs,
a parallel system to make life,
시스템을 만든 겁니다.
with most things on Earth
새로운 시스템 말입니다.
that are immune to all bacteria.
식물을 만들 수 있고
that are immune to all viruses.
식물도 만들 수 있습니다.
are not a unique solution.
아니라는 겁니다.
alternate chemistries to us
adaptable to a very different planet
생명, 유전형질을 만들
of this experiment,
is based on 20 amino acids.
기초한다는 것입니다.
if you say ATCG + XY,
ATCG + XY라고 한다면
20 building blocks to 172,
172가지로 불어납니다.
172 building blocks of amino acids
경우의 수를 갖게 되어
in very different shapes.
형태를 만드는 것입니다.
is a really weird experiment
hundreds of mouse heads.
쥐머리를 이식했습니다.
heart transplants.
the wife or the daughter of the donor
Do you love this person?
이 분을 사랑하십니까?"
the heart is a muscle,
근육일 뿐이란 걸 아니까요.
or tens of thousands of years,
She took my heart. She broke my heart."
내 심장이 부서졌어."
were transplanted with the heart. Nope.
딸려가는 줄 알았습니다.
remembers what it's afraid of,
memory and consciousness.
interesting question is,
is the only input-output mechanism
입출력을 할 수 있는 걸까?
that consciousness into something
무언가에 이식할 수 있을까?
tens of thousands of years,
for a long, long period of time?
all of humanity goes.
인류가 사라집니다.
to alter the human body
want a picture that says,
survives long-term extinction.
not to evolve the human body
오히려 비윤리적입니다.
even though it can be challenging,
to allow us to explore, live
we can't even dream of today,
grandchildren might someday.
언젠가 살 곳 말입니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juan Enriquez - FuturistJuan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society.
Why you should listen
A broad thinker who studies the intersections of these fields, Enriquez has a talent for bridging disciplines to build a coherent look ahead. He is the managing director of Excel Venture Management, a life sciences VC firm. He recently published (with Steve Gullans) Evolving Ourselves: How Unnatural Selection and Nonrandom Mutation Are Shaping Life on Earth. The book describes a world where humans increasingly shape their environment, themselves and other species.
Enriquez is a member of the board of Synthetic Genomics, which recently introduced the smallest synthetic living cell. Called “JCVI-syn 3.0,” it has 473 genes (about half the previous smallest cell). The organism would die if one of the genes is removed. In other words, this is the minimum genetic instruction set for a living organism.
Juan Enriquez | Speaker | TED.com