TED2012
Susan Cain: The power of introverts
Sūzena Keina: Introverto cilvēku spēks
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Readability: 3.8
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Kultūrā, kur sabiedriskums un runātīgums tiek vērtēts augstāk par visu pārējo, būt introvertam var būt grūti, pat kaunpilni. Taču šajā kaismīgajā runā Sūzena Keina apgalvo, ka introvertie cilvēki pasaulei sniedz savus neparastos talantus un spējas un ka introvertums būtu jāveicina un jācildina.
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone. Full bio
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
When I was nine years old
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Kad es biju deviņus gadus veca
00:17
I went off to summer camp for the first time.
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es pirmoreiz aizbraucu uz vasaras nometni.
00:19
And my mother packed me a suitcase
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Un mana māte piekrāva man pilnu čemodānu
00:21
full of books,
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ar grāmatām,
00:23
which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do.
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kas man šķita pilnīgi dabiski.
00:25
Because in my family,
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Jo manā ģimenē
00:27
reading was the primary group activity.
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lasīšana bija galvenā grupu nodarbība.
00:30
And this might sound antisocial to you,
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Un, lai arī tas varbūt jums izklausās nesabiedriski,
00:32
but for us it was really just a different way of being social.
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mums tas tas bija vienkārši citāds veids, kā būt sabiedriskiem.
00:35
You have the animal warmth of your family
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Tev ir ģimenes siltums,
00:37
sitting right next to you,
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no cilvēkiem, kuri sēž Tev blakus,
00:39
but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland
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bet Tu vari arī iet klejot piedzīvojumu pasaulē
00:41
inside your own mind.
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savā galvā.
00:43
And I had this idea
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Un man šķita,
00:45
that camp was going to be just like this, but better.
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ka nometne būs tieši tāda pati, tikai labāka.
00:47
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
00:50
I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin
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Es biju iztēlojusies 10 meitenes sēžam būdiņā
00:53
cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.
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omulīgi lasām grāmatas vienādos halātos.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
00:57
Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.
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Nometne bija vairāk kā tusiņš bez alkohola.
01:00
And on the very first day
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Un pašā pirmajā dienā
01:03
our counselor gathered us all together
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mūsu vadītāja savāca mūs visus kopā
01:05
and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing
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un iemācīja mums saukli, kuru, pēc viņas vārdiem,
01:07
every day for the rest of the summer
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mums vajadzēšot saukt katru dienu visu atlikušo vasaru,
01:09
to instill camp spirit.
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lai uzturētu nometnes garu.
01:11
And it went like this:
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Un tas bija šāds:
01:13
"R-O-W-D-I-E,
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Dē-au-ū-zē-ī-gā-ī,
01:15
that's the way we spell rowdie.
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tā mēs rakstām "dauzonīgi",
01:17
Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie."
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Dauzonīgi, dauzonīgi, būsim visi dauzonīgi!
01:22
Yeah.
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Mjā.
01:24
So I couldn't figure out for the life of me
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Un es neparko nespēju izdomāt,
01:26
why we were supposed to be so rowdy,
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kāpēc mums vajadzētu būt tik dauzonīgiem,
01:28
or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.
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vai arī kāpēc mums vajadzētu šo vārdu rakstīt nepareizi.
01:31
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
01:37
But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else.
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Bet es noskaitīju saukli. Es noskaitīju saukli kopā ar visiem citiem.
01:40
I did my best.
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Es centos, ko varēju.
01:42
And I just waited for the time
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Un es gaidīju laiku,
01:44
that I could go off and read my books.
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kad es varēšu aiziet un palasīt savas grāmatas.
01:47
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase,
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Bet pirmo reizi, kad es izņēmu grāmatu no sava čemodāna,
01:49
the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me
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mūsu istabiņas krutākā meitene pienāca pie manis
01:51
and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow?" --
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un jautāja: "Kāpēc Tu esi tik vēsa?"
01:54
mellow, of course, being the exact opposite
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Vēsa, protams, nozīmējot tieši pretējo
01:56
of R-O-W-D-I-E.
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dē-au-ū-zē-ī-gā-ī.
01:58
And then the second time I tried it,
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Un, kad es to mēģināju otro reizi,
02:00
the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face
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pie manis pienāca vadītāja ar noraizējušos seju,
02:03
and she repeated the point about camp spirit
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un atkārtoja vārdus par nometnes garu,
02:05
and said we should all work very hard
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un teica, ka mums visiem vajadzētu ļoti censties
02:07
to be outgoing.
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būt sabiedriskiem.
02:09
And so I put my books away,
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Tā nu es noliku savas grāmatas
02:12
back in their suitcase,
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atpakaļ čemodānā
02:15
and I put them under my bed,
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un paliku tās zem gultas,
02:19
and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.
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kur tās palika visu atlikušo vasaru.
02:21
And I felt kind of guilty about this.
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Un es par to jutos tā kā vainīga.
02:23
I felt as if the books needed me somehow,
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Es jutos tā, it kā grāmatām mani vajadzētu,
02:25
and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them.
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un tās mani sauktu, bet es tās pametu.
02:28
But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again
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Bet es tās tiešām arī pametu, un neatvēru čemodānu
02:30
until I was back home with my family
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līdz pat es biju atpakaļ mājās pie savas ģimenes
02:32
at the end of the summer.
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vasaras beigās.
02:34
Now, I tell you this story about summer camp.
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Es jums pastāstīju šo stāstiņu par vasaras nometni.
02:37
I could have told you 50 others just like it --
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Es būtu varējusi jums pastāstīt vēl 50 tādus pašus -
02:40
all the times that I got the message
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visas reizes, kad es saņēmu šo vēsti,
02:42
that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being
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ka kaut kāpēc mans klusais un intravertais dzīvesstils
02:46
was not necessarily the right way to go,
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nav gluži pareizais,
02:48
that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.
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ka man vajadzētu būt vairāk ekstravertai.
02:51
And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong
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Un es vienmēr esmu dziļi sirdī jutusi, ka tas nav pareizi,
02:54
and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.
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un ka intraverti ir brīnišķīgi cilvēki tādi, kādi viņi ir.
02:56
But for years I denied this intuition,
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Bet ilgus gadus es noliedzu šo intuīciju
02:59
and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things,
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un pat kļuvu par Volstrītas juristu,
03:02
instead of the writer that I had always longed to be --
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tā vietā, lai kļūtu par rakstnieci, ko vienmēr esmu vēlējusies,
03:05
partly because I needed to prove to myself
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jo es vēlējos sev pierādīt,
03:07
that I could be bold and assertive too.
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ka es arī varu būt drosmīga un izlēmīga.
03:09
And I was always going off to crowded bars
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Un es vienmēr gāju uz pārpildītiem bāriem,
03:11
when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.
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kaut arī daudz labprātāk būtu paēdusi jaukas vakariņas kopā ar draugiem.
03:14
And I made these self-negating choices
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Un es vienmēr izdarīju šīs pašnoliedzošās izvēles
03:17
so reflexively,
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tik refleksīvi,
03:19
that I wasn't even aware that I was making them.
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ka es pat neapzinājos, ka es tās izdaru.
03:22
Now this is what many introverts do,
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Šī ir lieta, ko dara daudzi intraverti,
03:24
and it's our loss for sure,
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un tas mums noteikti ir zudums,
03:26
but it is also our colleagues' loss
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bet tas ir arī zudums mūsu kolēģiem
03:28
and our communities' loss.
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un mūsu sabiedrībai.
03:30
And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss.
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Riskējot izklausīties grandiozi, tas ir pasaules zudums.
03:33
Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership,
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Jo, kad runa nonāk līdz radošumam un līderismam,
03:36
we need introverts doing what they do best.
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mums vajag, lai intraverti darītu to, ko tie dara vislabāk.
03:39
A third to a half of the population are introverts --
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Trešdaļa līdz puse pasaules populācijas ir intraverti -
03:41
a third to a half.
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trešdaļa līdz puse.
03:43
So that's one out of every two or three people you know.
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Tātad, viens no katriem diviem līdz trim cilvēkiem, kurus Jūs pazīstat.
03:46
So even if you're an extrovert yourself,
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Tātad, pat ja Jūs pats esat ekstraverts,
03:49
I'm talking about your coworkers
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es runāju par Jūsu kolēģiem
03:51
and your spouses and your children
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un jūsu dzīvesbiedriem, un jūsu bērniem,
03:53
and the person sitting next to you right now --
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un personu, kas jums šobrīd sēž blakus -
03:56
all of them subject to this bias
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kuri visi ir pakļauti šim aizspriedumam,
03:58
that is pretty deep and real in our society.
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kas ir iesakņojies dziļi mūsu sabiedrībā.
04:00
We all internalize it from a very early age
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Mēs visi to pieņemam jau no ļoti agra vecuma,
04:03
without even having a language for what we're doing.
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pat nemākot pateikt vārdos, ko tieši mēs darām.
04:06
Now to see the bias clearly
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Lai varētu šo aizspriedumu skaidri saredzēt,
04:08
you need to understand what introversion is.
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vispirms vajag saprast, kas tieši ir intraversija.
04:11
It's different from being shy.
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Tas ir kas cits, nekā kautrīgums.
04:13
Shyness is about fear of social judgment.
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Kautrīgums ir bailes no cilvēku sprieduma par Tevi.
04:15
Introversion is more about,
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Intraversija ir vairāk kā
04:17
how do you respond to stimulation,
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Tava reakcija uz stimulāciju,
04:19
including social stimulation.
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ieskaitot sociālo stimulāciju.
04:21
So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation,
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Ekstraverti tiešām alkst daudz stimulācijas,
04:24
whereas introverts feel at their most alive
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kamēr intraverti jūtas visdzīvākie,
04:26
and their most switched-on and their most capable
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visieslēgtākie un visspējīgākie,
04:28
when they're in quieter, more low-key environments.
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kad tie ir klusākā, mierīgākā vidē.
04:30
Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute --
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Ne vienmēr - šīs lietas nav absolūtas -
04:32
but a lot of the time.
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bet bieži.
04:34
So the key then
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Un, tātad, atslēga
04:36
to maximizing our talents
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mūsu talantu maksimizēšanai
04:39
is for us all to put ourselves
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ir katram no mums sevi novietot
04:41
in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.
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tajā stimulācijas zonā, kas mums ir vispareizākā.
04:44
But now here's where the bias comes in.
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Bet, lūk, šeit arī parādās lielais aizspriedums.
04:46
Our most important institutions,
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Mūsu vissvarīgākās institūcijas -
04:48
our schools and our workplaces,
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mūsu skolas un darbavietas -
04:50
they are designed mostly for extroverts
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ir izveidotas pārsvarā priekš ekstravertiem
04:52
and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation.
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un ekstravertu vajadzības pēc daudz stimulācijas.
04:55
And also we have this belief system right now
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Un mums šobrīd arī ir tāda ticība,
04:59
that I call the new groupthink,
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ko es saucu par "jauno grupdomāšanu",
05:01
which holds that all creativity and all productivity
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kas saka, ka viss radošums un produktivitāte
05:04
comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
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nāk no ļoti jokainas barveida vietas.
05:09
So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays:
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Iedomājaties, piemēram, tipisku skolas klasi mūsdienās:
05:11
When I was going to school,
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Kad es gāju skolā,
05:13
we sat in rows.
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mēs sēdējām rindās.
05:15
We sat in rows of desks like this,
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Mēs šitā sēdējām rindās pie galdiem,
05:17
and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.
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un mēs darījām lielāko daļu sava darba autonomi.
05:19
But nowadays, your typical classroom
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Bet šodien tipiskā klasē
05:21
has pods of desks --
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ir galdu bariņi -
05:23
four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.
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četri vai pieci vai seši vai septiņi bērni, visi pretī viens otram.
05:26
And kids are working in countless group assignments.
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Un bērni strādā ar neskaitāmiem grupu uzdevumiem.
05:28
Even in subjects like math and creative writing,
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Pat tādos priekšmetos kā matemātika vai radošā rakstīšana,
05:31
which you think would depend on solo flights of thought,
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kuriem šķietami vajadzētu būt atkarīgiem no individuālā domu lidojuma,
05:34
kids are now expected to act as committee members.
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no bērniem tagad sagaida, lai viņi būtu komitejas locekļi.
05:38
And for the kids who prefer
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Un bērni, kuri dod priekšroku
05:40
to go off by themselves or just to work alone,
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darboties vieni paši,
05:42
those kids are seen as outliers often
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šie bērni bieži tiek uzskatīti par atkritējiem
05:44
or, worse, as problem cases.
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vai vēl ļaunāk - problēmsituācijām.
05:48
And the vast majority of teachers reports believing
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Un lielais vairākums skolotāju uzskata,
05:51
that the ideal student is an extrovert
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ka ideālais skolnieks ir ekstraverts,
05:53
as opposed to an introvert,
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nevis intraverts,
05:55
even though introverts actually get better grades
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kaut arī īstenībā intraverti parasti gūst labākas atzīmes
05:57
and are more knowledgeable,
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un ir zinošāki,
05:59
according to research.
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pēc pētījumu rezultātiem.
06:01
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
06:03
Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.
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OK, tas pats ir spēkā arī mūsu darbavietās.
06:06
Now, most of us work in open plan offices,
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Lielākā daļa no mums strādā atvērtā tipa birojos
06:09
without walls,
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bez sienām,
06:11
where we are subject
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kur mums jāsaskaras
06:13
to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.
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ar nepārtrauktu troksni un kolēģu skatieniem.
06:15
And when it comes to leadership,
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Un, kad runa ir par līderību,
06:17
introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions,
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intraverti tiek bieži nepieņemti līderu amatos,
06:19
even though introverts tend to be very careful,
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kaut arī intravertiem ir tendence būt ļoti uzmanīgiem,
06:21
much less likely to take outsize risks --
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un ir daudz mazāka iespēja, ka tie uzņemsies nesamērīgus riskus -
06:23
which is something we might all favor nowadays.
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kam mūsdienās mums visiem derētu dot priekšroku.
06:27
And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School
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Kā arī interesants pētījums, ko veica Ādams Grants no Vartona skolas,
06:30
has found that introverted leaders
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atklāja, ka intraverti līderi
06:32
often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do,
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bieži nonāk pie labākiem iznākumiem nekā ekstraverti,
06:34
because when they are managing proactive employees,
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jo, kad tie pārvalda aktīvus darbiniekus,
06:37
they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas,
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tie daudz labprātāk ļauj šiem darbiniekiem piepildīt savas idejas,
06:40
whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly,
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kurpretim ekstraverti var, pilnīgi nedomājot,
06:42
get so excited about things
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tā sapriecāties par lietām,
06:44
that they're putting their own stamp on things,
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ka tie uzliek savu zīmogu uz tām,
06:46
and other people's ideas might not as easily then
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un citu cilvēku idejas tad tik viegli
06:48
bubble up to the surface.
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nenonāk dienas gaismā.
06:51
Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.
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Patiesībā, daži no mūsu dižākajiem līderiem vēsturē ir bijuši intraverti.
06:54
I'll give you some examples.
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Es došu dažus piemērus.
06:56
Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi --
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Eleonora Rūzvelta, Roza Parka, Gandi -
06:59
all these peopled described themselves
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visi šie cilvēki sevi aprakstīja
07:01
as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.
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kā klusus, neuzkrītošus, un pat kautrīgus.
07:04
And they all took the spotlight,
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Un viņi visi nostājās uzmanības centrā,
07:06
even though every bone in their bodies
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kaut arī katra viņu daļiņa
07:08
was telling them not to.
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viņiem teica to nedarīt.
07:11
And this turns out to have a special power all its own,
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Un tam, izrādās, piemīt vēl īpaša vara,
07:13
because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm,
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jo cilvēki varēja just, ka šie līderi ir pie stūres
07:16
not because they enjoyed directing others
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nevis tāpēc, ka viņiem patiktu rīkot citus,
07:18
and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;
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un nevis tāpēc, ka viņiem patīk, ka uz viņiem skatās,
07:20
they were there because they had no choice,
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bet gan tāpēc, ka viņiem nebija izvēles;
07:22
because they were driven to do what they thought was right.
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tāpēc, ka viņiem bija vajadzība darīt to, ko viņi uzskatīja par pareizo.
07:26
Now I think at this point it's important for me to say
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Šajā vietā man šķiet svarīgi piemetināt,
07:29
that I actually love extroverts.
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ka es patiesībā mīlu ekstravertus.
07:32
I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts,
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Man vienmēr patīk teikt, ka daži no maniem labākajiem draugiem ir ekstraverti,
07:35
including my beloved husband.
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ieskaitot manu mīļoto vīru.
07:39
And we all fall at different points, of course,
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Un mēs visi, protams, esam katrs savā punktā
07:41
along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.
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uz intravertu/ekstravertu spektra.
07:44
Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said
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Pat Karls Jungs, psihologs, kurš pirmo reizi popularizēja šos terminus,
07:47
that there's no such thing as a pure introvert
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teica, ka neeksistē tāda lieta,
07:49
or a pure extrovert.
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kā tīrs intraverts vai tīrs ekstraverts.
07:51
He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum,
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Viņš teica, ka šāds cilvēks atrastos trakonamā,
07:53
if he existed at all.
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ja tāds vispār varētu eksistēt.
07:56
And some people fall smack in the middle
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Un daži cilvēki arī iekrīt tieši pa vidu
07:58
of the introvert/extrovert spectrum,
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intravertu/ekstravertu spektrā,
08:00
and we call these people ambiverts.
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un mēs saucam šos cilvēkus par ambivertiem.
08:02
And I often think that they have the best of all worlds.
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Un es bieži domāju, ka viņi iegūst labāko no abām pasaulēm.
08:06
But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.
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Bet daudzi no mums sevi atpazīst kā vienu vai otru tipu.
08:09
And what I'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance.
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Un tas, ko es gribu teikt, ir ka kultūras līmenī mums vajag daudz labāku balansu.
08:12
We need more of a yin and yang
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Mums vajag vairāk Jin un Jang
08:14
between these two types.
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starp šiem abiem tipiem.
08:16
This is especially important
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Un tas ir īpaši svarīgi,
08:18
when it comes to creativity and to productivity,
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kad runa ir par radošumu un ražīgumu,
08:20
because when psychologists look
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jo, kad psihologi skatās
08:22
at the lives of the most creative people,
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uz visradošāko cilvēku dzīvēm,
08:24
what they find
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viņi ierauga
08:26
are people who are very good at exchanging ideas
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cilvēkus, kuri ļoti labi spēj apmainīties ar idejām
08:28
and advancing ideas,
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un attīstīt idejas,
08:30
but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.
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bet kuriem arī ir nopietna deva intraversijas.
08:33
And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often
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Un tas ir tāpēc, ka vienatne bieži ir
08:35
to creativity.
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kritiska radošuma sastāvdaļa.
08:37
So Darwin,
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Tāpēc Darvins
08:39
he took long walks alone in the woods
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daudz pastaigājās viens pats pa mežu,
08:41
and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations.
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un enerģiski noraidīja ielūgumus uz ballītēm.
08:44
Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss,
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Teodors Geizels, labāk pazīstams kā Dr. Seuss,
08:47
he dreamed up many of his amazing creations
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izsapņoja daudzus no saviem pārsteidzošajiem darbiem
08:49
in a lonely bell tower office that he had
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vientuļā zvanu torņa darbistabiņā,
08:51
in the back of his house in La Jolla, California.
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kura viņam bija mājas aizmugurē.
08:54
And he was actually afraid to meet
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Un viņam pat bija bail satikt
08:56
the young children who read his books
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visus mazos bērnus, kas lasīja viņa grāmatas,
08:58
for fear that they were expecting him
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jo viņš baidījās, ka viņi sagaidīs
09:00
this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure
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jautru, Santaklausam līdzīgu tēlu,
09:02
and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.
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un būs vīlušies viņa rezervētajā personībā.
09:06
Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer
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Stīvs Vozniaks izgudroja pirmo Apple datoru
09:08
sitting alone in his cubical
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sēdēdams viens pats savā kubiklā
09:10
in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time.
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savā darbavietā pie Hewlett-Packard, kur viņš tobrīd strādāja.
09:12
And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place
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Un viņš saka, ka nekad nebūtu kļuvis par tādu ekspertu,
09:15
had he not been too introverted to leave the house
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ja viņš nebūtu bijis pārāk intraverts, lai izietu no mājas,
09:18
when he was growing up.
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kamēr viņš vēl auga.
09:20
Now of course,
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Nu, protams, tas nenozīmē,
09:23
this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating --
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ka mums visiem vajadzētu pārtraukt sadarboties -
09:26
and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs
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kā spilgts piemērs ir tas pats Stīvs Vozniaks, kurš sadarbojās ar
09:29
to start Apple Computer --
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Stīvu Džobsu, lai radītu Apple Computer -
09:32
but it does mean that solitude matters
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bet tas nozīmē, ka vienatnei ir nozīme,
09:35
and that for some people
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un dažiem cilvēkiem
09:37
it is the air that they breathe.
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tā ir gaiss, ko viņi elpo.
09:39
And in fact, we have known for centuries
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Un, patiesībā, mēs jau gadsimtiem esam zinājuši
09:42
about the transcendent power of solitude.
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par vientulības izcilajām spējām.
09:45
It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it.
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Tikai pēdējā laikā mēs esam dīvainā kārtā sākuši to aizmirst.
09:48
If you look at most of the world's major religions,
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Ja jūs aplūkosiet lielāko daļu pasaules galveno reliģiju,
09:51
you will find seekers --
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jūs atradīsiet meklētājus -
09:53
Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad --
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Mozus, Jēzus, Buda, Muhameds -
09:56
seekers who are going off by themselves
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meklētāji, kuri vieni paši dodas
09:58
alone to the wilderness
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pie dabas krūts,
10:00
where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations
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kur tie gūst dziļas atklāsmes,
10:02
that they then bring back to the rest of the community.
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kuras pēcāk atnes atpakaļ pārējiem.
10:05
So no wilderness, no revelations.
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Tātad - nav dabas krūts, nav atklāsmju.
10:09
This is no surprise though
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Taču tas nav nekāds pārsteigums,
10:11
if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.
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ja ieskatās mūsdienu psiholoģijas atziņās.
10:14
It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people
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Izrādās, ka mēs nevaram pat uzturēties cilvēku grupā,
10:17
without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.
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necenšoties instinktīvi atspoguļot un imitēt citu viedokļus.
10:20
Even about seemingly personal and visceral things
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Pat par tādām šķietami personīgām iekšējām lietām,
10:22
like who you're attracted to,
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kā par cilvēkiem, kas jums liekas atraktīvi,
10:24
you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you
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jūs sāksiet atdarināt apkārtējo cilvēku uzskatus
10:27
without even realizing that that's what you're doing.
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pat neapzinoties, ka jūs to darāt.
10:29
And groups famously follow the opinions
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Un grupas ir izslavētas ar to, ka seko
10:32
of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room,
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visdominējošākā vai visharizmātiskākā cilvēka viedokļiem,
10:34
even though there's zero correlation
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kaut arī ir tieši nulle sakarības starp
10:36
between being the best talker and having the best ideas --
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būšanu par labāko runātāju un būšanu par cilvēku ar labākajām idejām.
10:39
I mean zero.
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Nu, tiešām nulle.
10:41
So ...
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Tātad...
10:43
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
10:45
You might be following the person with the best ideas,
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Varbūt jūs sekojat cilvēkam ar labākajām idejām.
10:48
but you might not.
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bet varbūt arī nē.
10:50
And do you really want to leave it up to chance?
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Un vai jūs tiešām to gribat atstāt veiksmes ziņā?
10:53
Much better for everybody to go off by themselves,
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Daudz labāk būtu katram aiziet un vienatnē
10:55
generate their own ideas
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saģenerēt pašam savas idejas,
10:57
freed from the distortions of group dynamics,
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neatkarīgi no grupu dinamikas ietekmes,
10:59
and then come together as a team
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un tad sanākt kopā,
11:01
to talk them through in a well-managed environment
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lai izrunātu tās visas sakārtotā vidē,
11:04
and take it from there.
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kā vienotai komandai.
11:06
Now if all this is true,
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Lūk, ja tas viss ir patiesība,
11:08
then why are we getting it so wrong?
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tad kāpēc mēs rīkojamies tik nepareizi?
11:11
Why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces?
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Kāpēc mēs šādā veidā izkārtojam savas skolas un darbavietas?
11:13
And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty
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Un kāpēc mēs liekam visiem šiem intravertiem justies vainīgiem
11:15
about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time?
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par to, ka viņi vēlas daļu no laika pavadīt vienatnē?
11:19
One answer lies deep in our cultural history.
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Viena no atbildēm guļ dziļi mūsu kultūras vēsturē.
11:22
Western societies,
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Rietumu sabiedrības,
11:24
and in particular the U.S.,
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un it īpaši ASV,
11:26
have always favored the man of action
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vienmēr ir devušas priekšroku rīcības cilvēkam
11:28
over the man of contemplation
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nevis domātājam.
11:30
and "man" of contemplation.
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nevis domātājam.
11:34
But in America's early days,
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Bet Amerikas agrīnajās dienās
11:37
we lived in what historians call a culture of character,
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mēdz dzīvojām tajā, ko vēsturnieki sauc par "rakstura kultūru",
11:40
where we still, at that point, valued people
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kur mēs joprojām vērtējām cilvēkus
11:42
for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.
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pēc to raksturiem un morālās stājas.
11:45
And if you look at the self-help books from this era,
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Un ja jūs pievērsīsiet uzmanību šīs ēras pašpalīdzības grāmatām,
11:47
they all had titles with things like
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tad tām visām būs tādi virsraksti kā, piemēram,
11:49
"Character, the Grandest Thing in the World."
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"Raksturs - pasaules nozīmīgākā lieta".
11:52
And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln
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Un tajos par paraugiem tika ņemtas tādas personas kā Ābrahams Linkolns,
11:55
who was praised for being modest and unassuming.
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kurš tika uzslavēts par savu pieticību un neuzstājību.
11:57
Ralph Waldo Emerson called him
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Ralfs Valdo Emersons viņu nosauca
11:59
"A man who does not offend by superiority."
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par cilvēku, kurš neaizskar ar savu pārākumu.
12:02
But then we hit the 20th century
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Bet tad pienāca 20. gadsimts,
12:05
and we entered a new culture
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un sākās jauna kultūra,
12:07
that historians call the culture of personality.
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ko vēsturnieki sauc par "personības kultūru".
12:09
What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy
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Notika tas, ka mēs izaugām no agrikulturālas ekonomikas
12:11
to a world of big business.
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uz lielā biznesa pasauli.
12:13
And so suddenly people are moving
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Un pēkšņi cilvēki sāka pārvietoties
12:15
from small towns to the cities.
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no ciematiem uz pilsētām.
12:17
And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives,
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Un, tā vietā, lai strādātu kopā ar citiem, kurus tie ir pazinuši visu savu mūžu,
12:20
now they are having to prove themselves
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viņiem tagad nākas sevi pierādīt
12:22
in a crowd of strangers.
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svešinieku pūlī.
12:24
So, quite understandably,
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Rezultātā ir diezgan pašsaprotami,
12:26
qualities like magnetism and charisma
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ka tādas īpašības kā magnētisms un harizmātiskums
12:28
suddenly come to seem really important.
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sāk izskatīties ļoti svarīgas.
12:30
And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs
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Un, protams, pašpalīdzības grāmatas arī attiecīgi izmainās
12:33
and they start to have names
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un iegūst tādus nosaukumus kā
12:35
like "How to Win Friends and Influence People."
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"Kā iegūt draugus un iepatikties cilvēkiem".
12:37
And they feature as their role models
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Un tās kā paraugus izmanto
12:39
really great salesmen.
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izcilus pārdevējus.
12:42
So that's the world we're living in today.
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Tā tad arī ir pasaule, kurā mēs dzīvojam šodien.
12:44
That's our cultural inheritance.
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Tas ir mūsu kulturālais mantojums.
12:48
Now none of this is to say
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Es ar to negribu teikt,
12:50
that social skills are unimportant,
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ka sociālās prasmes ir mazsvarīgas,
12:53
and I'm also not calling
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un es arī nevēlos mudināt
12:55
for the abolishing of teamwork at all.
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atcelt komandu darbu kā tādu.
12:58
The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops
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Tās pašas reliģijas, kuras aizsūta savus praviešus uz vientuļām kalnu virsotnēm,
13:01
also teach us love and trust.
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mums māca arī mīlēt un uzticēties.
13:04
And the problems that we are facing today
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Un problēmas, kuras mēs šodien sastopam
13:06
in fields like science and in economics
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zinātnē un ekonomikā
13:08
are so vast and so complex
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ir tik plašas un sarežģītas,
13:10
that we are going to need armies of people coming together
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ka mums vajadzēs cilvēku armijas, kuras sanāk kopā,
13:12
to solve them working together.
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lai tās kopīgiem spēkiem atrisinātu.
13:14
But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves,
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Bet es gribu teikt, ka, jo vairāk brīvības mēs sniegsim, lai intraverti var būt viņi paši,
13:17
the more likely that they are
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jo lielāka iespēja, ka viņi nāks klajā
13:19
to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.
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ar saviem unikālajiem risinājumiem šīm problēmām.
13:24
So now I'd like to share with you
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Un tagad es vēlētos jums parādīt,
13:26
what's in my suitcase today.
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kas šodien ir manā čemodānā.
13:33
Guess what?
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Kā smejies -
13:35
Books.
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grāmatas.
13:37
I have a suitcase full of books.
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Man ir čemodāns pilns ar grāmatām.
13:39
Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye."
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Lūk Margareta Atvuda, "Kaķa acs".
13:41
Here's a novel by Milan Kundera.
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Lūk Milanas Kunderas novele.
13:44
And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed"
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Un šeit arī Maimonida
13:46
by Maimonides.
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"Ceļvedis samulsušajiem".
13:49
But these are not exactly my books.
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Bet šīs nav gluži manas grāmatas.
13:52
I brought these books with me
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Es paņēmu šīs grāmatas līdzi,
13:54
because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.
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jo tās ir sarakstījuši mana vectēva mīļākie autori.
13:58
My grandfather was a rabbi
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Mans vectēvs bija rabīns,
14:00
and he was a widower
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un viņš bija atraitnis,
14:02
who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn
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kurš dzīvoja viens pats mazā dzīvoklītī Bruklinā,
14:05
that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up,
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kas bija mana mīļākā vieta pasaulē, kamēr es augu,
14:08
partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence
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daļēji tāpēc, ka tas bija piepildīts ar viņa ļoti maigo, ļoti eleganto klātbūtni,
14:11
and partly because it was filled with books.
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un daļēji tāpēc, ka tas bija piepildīts ar grāmatām.
14:14
I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment
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Vārda tiešā nozīmē, katrs galds, katrs krēsls šajā dzīvoklī
14:17
had yielded its original function
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bija atteicies no savas sākotnējās funkcijas,
14:19
to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.
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lai kalpotu kā pamats ļodzīgiem grāmatu kalniem.
14:22
Just like the rest of my family,
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Gluži kā pārējai manai ģimenei,
14:24
my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
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mana vectēva mīļākā nodarbe pasaulē bija lasīšana.
14:27
But he also loved his congregation,
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Bet viņš arī mīlēja savu draudzi,
14:30
and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave
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un šo mīlestību varēja just sprediķos, ko viņš teica
14:33
every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.
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katru nedēļu, visu 62 gadus garumā, kuros viņš bija rabīns.
14:37
He would takes the fruits of each week's reading
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Viņš izvilka atziņas no tā, ko bija katru nedēļu lasījis,
14:40
and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.
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un savija smalkus rakstus no senām un humānistu domām.
14:43
And people would come from all over
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Un cilvēki nāca no plašas apkārtnes
14:45
to hear him speak.
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lai dzirdētu viņu runājam.
14:47
But here's the thing about my grandfather.
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Bet, lūk, kas interesanti par manu vectēvu.
14:50
Underneath this ceremonial role,
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Zem šīs ceremoniālās lomas,
14:52
he was really modest and really introverted --
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viņš bija tiešām pieticīgs un intraverts -
14:55
so much so that when he delivered these sermons,
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tik ļoti, ka lasot šos sprediķus
14:58
he had trouble making eye contact
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viņam bija problēmas uzturēt acu kontaktu
15:00
with the very same congregation
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ar to pašu draudzi,
15:02
that he had been speaking to for 62 years.
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ar kuru viņš bija runājis jau 62 gadus.
15:04
And even away from the podium,
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Un pat prom no podija,
15:06
when you called him to say hello,
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kad kāds viņam piezvanīja, lai vienkārši aprunātos,
15:08
he would often end the conversation prematurely
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viņš bieži pārtrauca sarunu par agru,
15:10
for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.
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baidīdamies, ka viņš aizņem pārāk daudz otra cilvēka laiku.
15:14
But when he died at the age of 94,
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Bet, kad viņš nomira 94 gadu vecumā,
15:17
the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood
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policijai nācās slēgt ielas viņa mājokļa tuvumā,
15:20
to accommodate the crowd of people
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dēļ milzīgā cilvēku pūļa,
15:22
who came out to mourn him.
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kas nāca pie viņa sērot.
15:26
And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example
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Un tā nu es šodien cenšos mācīties no sava vectēva piemēra
15:29
in my own way.
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pati savā veidā.
15:31
So I just published a book about introversion,
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Es nupat publicēju grāmatu par intraversiju,
15:34
and it took me about seven years to write.
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kuru es rakstīju septiņus gadus.
15:36
And for me, that seven years was like total bliss,
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Un priekš manis, šie septiņi gadi bija pilnīga svētlaime,
15:39
because I was reading, I was writing,
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jo es lasīju, es rakstīju,
15:42
I was thinking, I was researching.
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es domāju, es pētīju.
15:44
It was my version
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Tā bija mana variācija
15:46
of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library.
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mana vectēva vienatnē pavadītajām stundām savā bibliotēkā.
15:49
But now all of a sudden my job is very different,
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Bet nu pēkšņi mans darbs ir pavisam citādāks.
15:52
and my job is to be out here talking about it,
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Mans darbs ir būt šeit ārā un runāt par to -
15:55
talking about introversion.
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runāt par intraversiju.
15:58
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
16:02
And that's a lot harder for me,
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Un tas man ir daudz grūtāk,
16:04
because as honored as I am
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jo, lai arī cik es nebūt pagodināta
16:06
to be here with all of you right now,
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šobrīd būt šeit kopā ar jums,
16:08
this is not my natural milieu.
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šis nav mans dabiskais elements.
16:11
So I prepared for moments like these
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Tāpēc es sagatavojos šādiem mirkļiem
16:13
as best I could.
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cik nu labi es spēju.
16:15
I spent the last year practicing public speaking
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Es pavadīju pēdējo gadu izmantojot katru izdevību
16:17
every chance I could get.
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trenēties publiskajā rnāšanā.
16:19
And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously."
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Un es to saucu par savu "Bīstamās runāšanas gadu".
16:22
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
16:24
And that actually helped a lot.
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Un tas patiesībā daudz palīdzēja.
16:26
But I'll tell you, what helps even more
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Bet, es jums teikšu, ka tas, kas palīdz vēl vairāk,
16:28
is my sense, my belief, my hope
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ir mana sajūta, mana ticība, mana cerība,
16:31
that when it comes to our attitudes
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ka mūsu attieksmē pret
16:33
to introversion and to quiet and to solitude,
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intraversiju, klusumu un vienatnību,
16:35
we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.
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mēs tiešām esam uz dramatisku izmaiņu sliekšņa.
16:37
I mean, we are.
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Nu, goda vārds, mēs esam.
16:39
And so I am going to leave you now
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Un tāpēc es jūs tagad pametīšu
16:41
with three calls for action
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ar trim aicinājumiem uz rīcību
16:43
for those who share this vision.
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tiem, kam arī piemīt šī vīzija.
16:45
Number one:
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Pirmais:
16:47
Stop the madness for constant group work.
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Apstādiniet to vājprātu ar nepārtrauktu grupu darbu.
16:49
Just stop it.
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Vienkārši apstādiniet to.
16:51
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
16:54
Thank you.
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Paldies!
16:56
(Applause)
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(Smiekli)
16:58
And I want to be clear about what I'm saying,
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Un es gribu būt skaidra ar saviem izteikumiem:
17:00
because I deeply believe our offices
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es tiešām dziļi sirdī ticu, ka mūsu birojiem
17:02
should be encouraging
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vajadzētu veicināt
17:04
casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions --
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ikdienišķas, pļāpīgas, kafejnīcas-stila attiecības -
17:06
you know, the kind where people come together
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ziniet, tādas, kur cilvēki sanāk kopā
17:08
and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.
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un veiksmīgi apmainās ar idejām.
17:10
That is great.
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Tas ir lieliski.
17:12
It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts.
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Tas ir lieliski intravertiem, un tas ir lieliski ekstravertiem.
17:14
But we need much more privacy and much more freedom
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Bet mums vajag daudz vairāk privātumu un daudz vairāk brīvību
17:16
and much more autonomy at work.
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un daudz vairāk patstāvību darbā.
17:18
School, same thing.
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Skolā, tieši tas pats.
17:20
We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure,
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Mums noteikti vajag mācīt bērniem, kā strādāt kopā,
17:23
but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.
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bet mums tiem vajag arī mācīt, kā strādāt vieniem pašiem.
17:25
This is especially important for extroverted children too.
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Un tas ir īpaši svarīgi arī ekstraveriem bērniem.
17:28
They need to work on their own
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Viņiem arī vajag strādāt vienatnē,
17:30
because that is where deep thought comes from in part.
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jo no turienes, daļēji, arī nāk dziļās domas.
17:32
Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness.
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OK, otrā lieta: dodieties pie dabas krūts.
17:35
Be like Buddha, have your own revelations.
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Esiet kā Buda, gūstiet paši savas atskārsmes.
17:38
I'm not saying
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Es nesaku,
17:40
that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods
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ka mums katram vajadzētu iet uzcelt savu būdiņu mežā,
17:43
and never talk to each other again,
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un nekad vairs vienam ar otru nerunāt,
17:46
but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug
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bet es saku, ka mums visiem derētu biežāk atslēgties
17:48
and get inside our own heads
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un nokļūt
17:50
a little more often.
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atpakaļ pašiem savās galvās.
17:54
Number three:
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Numur trīs:
17:57
Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase
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Kārtīgi apskatieties, kas jums katram ir savā čemodānā,
17:59
and why you put it there.
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un kāpēc jūs to tur ielikāt.
18:01
So extroverts,
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Ekstraverti,
18:03
maybe your suitcases are also full of books.
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varbūt jūsu čemodāni arī ir pilni ar grāmatām,
18:05
Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses
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vai arī varbūt tie ir pilni ar šampanieša glāzēm,
18:07
or skydiving equipment.
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vai izpletņlēkšanas ekipējumu.
18:10
Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get
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Lai arī kas tas ir, es ceru, ka jūs šīs lietas izņemsiet pie katras iespējas
18:14
and grace us with your energy and your joy.
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un pagodināsiet mūs visus ar savu enerģiju un savu dzīvesprieku.
18:17
But introverts, you being you,
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Bet intraverti, jūs, būdami kas jūs esat,
18:20
you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully
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jums droši vien ir vēlme cieši sargāt to,
18:22
what's inside your own suitcase.
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kas jums atrodas čemodānā.
18:24
And that's okay.
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Un tas ir OK.
18:26
But occasionally, just occasionally,
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Bet reizēm, tikai reizēm,
18:28
I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see,
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es ceru, ka jūs atvērsiet savus čemodānus citu cilvēku apskatei,
18:31
because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.
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jo pasaulei vajag jūs un lietas, kuras jūs nēsājat.
18:36
So I wish you the best of all possible journeys
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Tāpēc es jums novēlu labākos no visiem iespējamajiem ceļiem,
18:38
and the courage to speak softly.
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un drosmi runāt klusi.
18:41
Thank you very much.
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Paldies jums!
18:43
(Applause)
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(Applausi)
18:47
Thank you. Thank you.
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Paldies! Paldies!
18:50
(Applause)
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(Applausi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionaryOur world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone.
Why you should listen
Susan Cain is a former corporate lawyer and negotiations consultant -- and a self-described introvert. At least one-third of the people we know are introverts, notes Cain in her book QUIET: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. Although our culture undervalues them dramatically, introverts have made some of the great contributions to society -- from Chopin's nocturnes to the invention of the personal computer to Ghandi's transformative leadership. Cain argues that we design our schools, workplaces and religious institutions for extroverts, and that this bias creates a waste of talent, energy and happiness. Based on intensive research in psychology and neurobiology and on prolific interviews, she also explains why introverts are capable of great love and great achievement, not in spite of their temperament -- but because of them.
In 2015 Susan Cain announced the launch of her mission-based organization Quiet Revolution that aims to change the lives of introverts by empowering them with the information, tools and resources they need to survive and thrive.
In the workplace, companies are not fully harnessing the talents of their introverted employees and leadership teams are often imbalanced with many more extroverts than introverts. The Quiet Leadership Institute has worked with companies from LinkedIn to GE to Procter and Gamble to help them achieve their potential by providing learning experiences that unlock the power of introverts.
At the heart and center of the Quiet Revolution is empowering the next generation of children to know their own strengths and be freed from the sense of inadequacy that has shadowed the children of previous generations. Susan's second book, Quiet Power, is written for teens and young adults but also serves as a tool for teachers and parents. In addition, Susan has created a portal and a online learning experience for the parents of quiet children and has also established the Quiet Schools Network. Susan's podcast, Quiet: The Power of Introverts debuted in February 2016 as a 10-part series designed to give parents and teachers the tools they need to empower quiet kids.
Susan and the Quiet Revolution have received numerous accolades and press including Fortune magazine, The New York Times, NPRand many more.
Susan Cain | Speaker | TED.com