TED2012
Susan Cain: The power of introverts
苏珊·凯恩：内向性格的力量
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在社交和外向性格备受推崇的文化中，成为内向的人可能会很难，这甚至是可耻的。但是，当你聆听苏珊·凯恩激情澎湃的演讲时，你会发现内向的人给这个世界带来了惊人的天赋和能力，这是值得鼓励和庆祝的。
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone. Full bio
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
When I was nine years old
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当我九岁的时候
00:17
I went off to summer camp for the first time.
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我第一次去参加夏令营
00:19
And my mother packed me a suitcase
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我妈妈帮我整理好了我的行李箱
00:21
full of books,
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里面塞满了书
00:23
which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do.
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这对于我来说是一件极为自然的事情
00:25
Because in my family,
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因为在我的家庭里
00:27
reading was the primary group activity.
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阅读是主要的家庭活动
00:30
And this might sound antisocial to you,
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听上去你们可能觉得我们是不爱交际的
00:32
but for us it was really just a different way of being social.
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但是对于我的家庭来说这真的只是接触社会的另一种途径
00:35
You have the animal warmth of your family
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你们有自己家庭接触时的温暖亲情
00:37
sitting right next to you,
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家人静坐在你身边
00:39
but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland
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但是你也可以自由地漫游
00:41
inside your own mind.
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在你思维深处的冒险乐园里
00:43
And I had this idea
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我有一个想法
00:45
that camp was going to be just like this, but better.
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野营会变得像这样子，当然要更好些
00:47
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:50
I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin
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我想象到十个女孩坐在一个小屋里
00:53
cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.
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都穿着合身的女式睡衣惬意地享受着读书的过程
00:55
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:57
Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.
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野营这时更像是一个不提供酒水的派对聚会
01:00
And on the very first day
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在第一天的时候呢
01:03
our counselor gathered us all together
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我们的顾问把我们都集合在一起
01:05
and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing
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并且她教会了我们一种今后要用到的庆祝方式
01:07
every day for the rest of the summer
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在余下夏令营的每一天中
01:09
to instill camp spirit.
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让“露营精神”浸润我们
01:11
And it went like this:
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之后它就像这样继续着
01:13
"R-O-W-D-I-E,
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R-O-W-D-I-E
01:15
that's the way we spell rowdie.
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这是我们拼写“吵闹"的口号
01:17
Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie."
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我们唱着“噪音，喧闹，我们要变得吵一点”
01:22
Yeah.
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对，就是这样
01:24
So I couldn't figure out for the life of me
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可我就是弄不明白我的生活会是什么样的
01:26
why we were supposed to be so rowdy,
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为什么我们变得这么吵闹粗暴
01:28
or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.
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或者为什么我们非要把这个单词错误地拼写
01:31
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:37
But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else.
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但是我可没有忘记庆祝。我与每个人都互相欢呼庆祝了
01:40
I did my best.
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我尽了我最大的努力
01:42
And I just waited for the time
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我只是想等待那一刻
01:44
that I could go off and read my books.
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我可以离开吵闹的聚会去捧起我挚爱的书
01:47
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase,
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但是当我第一次把书从行李箱中拿出来的时候
01:49
the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me
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床铺中最酷的那个女孩向我走了过来
01:51
and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow?" --
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并且她问我：“为什么你要这么安静？”
01:54
mellow, of course, being the exact opposite
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安静，当然，是R-O-W-D-I-E的反义词
01:56
of R-O-W-D-I-E.
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“喧闹”的反义词
01:58
And then the second time I tried it,
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而当我第二次拿书的时候
02:00
the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face
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我们的顾问满脸忧虑的向我走了过来
02:03
and she repeated the point about camp spirit
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接着她重复了关于“露营精神”的要点
02:05
and said we should all work very hard
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并且说我们都应当努力
02:07
to be outgoing.
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去变得外向些
02:09
And so I put my books away,
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于是我放好我的书
02:12
back in their suitcase,
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放回了属于它们的行李箱中
02:15
and I put them under my bed,
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并且我把它们放到了床底下
02:19
and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.
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在那里它们度过了暑假余下的每一天
02:21
And I felt kind of guilty about this.
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我对这样做感到很愧疚
02:23
I felt as if the books needed me somehow,
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不知为什么我感觉这些书是需要我的
02:25
and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them.
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它们在呼唤我，但是我却放弃了它们
02:28
But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again
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我确实放下了它们，并且我再也没有打开那个箱子
02:30
until I was back home with my family
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直到我和我的家人一起回到家中
02:32
at the end of the summer.
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在夏末的时候
02:34
Now, I tell you this story about summer camp.
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现在，我向你们讲述这个夏令营的故事
02:37
I could have told you 50 others just like it --
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我完全可以给你们讲出其他50种版本就像这个一样的故事--
02:40
all the times that I got the message
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每当我感觉到这样的时候
02:42
that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being
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它告诉我出于某种原因，我的宁静和内向的风格
02:46
was not necessarily the right way to go,
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并不是正确道路上的必需品
02:48
that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.
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我应该更多地尝试一个外向者的角色
02:51
And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong
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而在我内心深处感觉得到，这是错误的
02:54
and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.
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内向的人们都是非常优秀的，确实是这样
02:56
But for years I denied this intuition,
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但是许多年来我都否认了这种直觉
02:59
and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things,
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于是我首先成为了华尔街的一名律师
03:02
instead of the writer that I had always longed to be --
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而不是我长久以来想要成为的一名作家
03:05
partly because I needed to prove to myself
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一部分原因是因为我想要证明自己
03:07
that I could be bold and assertive too.
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也可以变得勇敢而坚定
03:09
And I was always going off to crowded bars
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并且我总是去那些拥挤的酒吧
03:11
when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.
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当我只是想要和朋友们吃一顿愉快的晚餐时
03:14
And I made these self-negating choices
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我做出了这些自我否认的抉择
03:17
so reflexively,
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如条件反射一般
03:19
that I wasn't even aware that I was making them.
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甚至我都不清楚我做出了这些决定
03:22
Now this is what many introverts do,
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这就是很多内向的人正在做的事情
03:24
and it's our loss for sure,
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这当然是我们的损失
03:26
but it is also our colleagues' loss
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但这同样也是同事们的损失
03:28
and our communities' loss.
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我们所在团队集体的损失
03:30
And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss.
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当然，冒着被指为夸大其词的风险我想说，更是世界的损失
03:33
Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership,
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因为当涉及创造和领导的时候
03:36
we need introverts doing what they do best.
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我们需要内向的人做到最好
03:39
A third to a half of the population are introverts --
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三分之一到二分之一的人都是内向的--
03:41
a third to a half.
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三分之一到二分之一
03:43
So that's one out of every two or three people you know.
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你要知道这可意味着每两到三个人中就有一个内向的
03:46
So even if you're an extrovert yourself,
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所以即使你自己是一个外向的人
03:49
I'm talking about your coworkers
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我正在说你的同事
03:51
and your spouses and your children
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和你的配偶和你的孩子
03:53
and the person sitting next to you right now --
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还有现在正坐在你旁边的那个家伙--
03:56
all of them subject to this bias
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他们都要屈从于这样的偏见
03:58
that is pretty deep and real in our society.
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一种在我们的社会中已经扎根的现实偏见
04:00
We all internalize it from a very early age
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我们从很小的时候就把它藏在内心最深处
04:03
without even having a language for what we're doing.
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甚至都不说几句话，关于我们正在做的事情
04:06
Now to see the bias clearly
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现在让我们来清楚地看待这种偏见
04:08
you need to understand what introversion is.
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我们需要真正了解“内向”到底指什么
04:11
It's different from being shy.
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它和害羞是不同的
04:13
Shyness is about fear of social judgment.
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害羞是对于社会评论的恐惧
04:15
Introversion is more about,
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内向更多的是
04:17
how do you respond to stimulation,
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你怎样对于刺激作出回应
04:19
including social stimulation.
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包括来自社会的刺激
04:21
So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation,
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其实内向的人是很渴求大量的鼓舞和激励的
04:24
whereas introverts feel at their most alive
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反之内向者最感觉到他们的存在
04:26
and their most switched-on and their most capable
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这是他们精力最充足的时候，最具有能力的时候
04:28
when they're in quieter, more low-key environments.
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当他们存在于更安静的，更低调的环境中
04:30
Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute --
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并不是所有时候--这些事情都不是绝对的--
04:32
but a lot of the time.
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但是存在于很多时候
04:34
So the key then
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所以说，关键在于
04:36
to maximizing our talents
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把我们的天赋发挥到最大化
04:39
is for us all to put ourselves
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这对于我们来说就足够把我们自己
04:41
in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.
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放到对于我们正确又合适的激励的区域中去
04:44
But now here's where the bias comes in.
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但是现在偏见出现了
04:46
Our most important institutions,
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我们最重要的那些体系
04:48
our schools and our workplaces,
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我们的学校和工作单位
04:50
they are designed mostly for extroverts
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它们都是为性格外向者设计的
04:52
and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation.
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并且有适合他们需要的刺激和鼓励
04:55
And also we have this belief system right now
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当然我们现在也有这样一种信用机制
04:59
that I call the new groupthink,
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我称它为新型的“团队思考”
05:01
which holds that all creativity and all productivity
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这是一种包含所有创造力和生产力的思考方式
05:04
comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
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从一个社交非常零散的地方产生的
05:09
So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays:
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当你描绘今天典型教室的图案时
05:11
When I was going to school,
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当我还上学的时候
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we sat in rows.
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我们一排排地坐着
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We sat in rows of desks like this,
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我们靠着桌子一排排坐着就像这样
05:17
and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.
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并且我们大多数工作都是自觉完成的
05:19
But nowadays, your typical classroom
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但是在现代社会，所谓典型的教室
05:21
has pods of desks --
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是些圈起来并排的桌子--
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four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.
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四个或是五个或是六、七个孩子坐在一起，面对面
05:26
And kids are working in countless group assignments.
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孩子们要完成无数个小组任务
05:28
Even in subjects like math and creative writing,
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甚至像数学和创意写作这些课程
05:31
which you think would depend on solo flights of thought,
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这些你们认为需要依靠个人闪光想法的课程
05:34
kids are now expected to act as committee members.
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孩子们现在却被期待成为小组会的成员
05:38
And for the kids who prefer
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对于那些喜欢
05:40
to go off by themselves or just to work alone,
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独处，或者自己一个人工作的孩子来说
05:42
those kids are seen as outliers often
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这些孩子常常被视为局外人
05:44
or, worse, as problem cases.
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或者更糟，被视为问题孩子
05:48
And the vast majority of teachers reports believing
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并且很大一部分老师的报告中都相信
05:51
that the ideal student is an extrovert
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最理想的学生应该是外向的
05:53
as opposed to an introvert,
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相对于内向的学生而言
05:55
even though introverts actually get better grades
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甚至说外向的学生能够取得更好的成绩
05:57
and are more knowledgeable,
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更加博学多识
05:59
according to research.
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据研究报道
06:01
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
06:03
Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.
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好了。同样的事情也发生在我们工作的地方
06:06
Now, most of us work in open plan offices,
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现在呢，我们中的绝大多数都工作在宽阔没有隔间的办公室里
06:09
without walls,
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甚至没有墙
06:11
where we are subject
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在这里，我们暴露
06:13
to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.
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在不断的噪音和我们同事的凝视目光下工作
06:15
And when it comes to leadership,
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而当谈及领袖气质的时候
06:17
introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions,
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内向的人总是按照惯例从领导的位置被忽视了
06:19
even though introverts tend to be very careful,
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尽管内向的人是非常小心仔细的
06:21
much less likely to take outsize risks --
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很少去冒特大的风险--
06:23
which is something we might all favor nowadays.
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这些风险是今天我们可能都喜欢的
06:27
And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School
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宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的亚当·格兰特教授做了一项很有意思的研究
06:30
has found that introverted leaders
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这项研究表明内向的领导们
06:32
often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do,
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相对于外向领导而言总是会生产更大的效益
06:34
because when they are managing proactive employees,
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因为当他们管理主动积极的雇员的时候
06:37
they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas,
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他们更倾向于让有主见的雇员去自由发挥
06:40
whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly,
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反之外向的领导就可能，当然是不经意的
06:42
get so excited about things
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对于事情变得十分激动
06:44
that they're putting their own stamp on things,
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他们在事务上有了自己想法的印迹
06:46
and other people's ideas might not as easily then
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这使其他人的想法可能就不会很容易地
06:48
bubble up to the surface.
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在舞台上发光了
06:51
Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.
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事实上，历史上一些有改革能力的领袖都是内向的人
06:54
I'll give you some examples.
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我会举一些例子给你们
06:56
Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi --
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埃莉诺·罗斯福，罗沙·帕克斯，甘地 --
06:59
all these peopled described themselves
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所有这些人都把自己描述成
07:01
as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.
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内向，说话温柔甚至是害羞的人
07:04
And they all took the spotlight,
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他们仍然站在了聚光灯下
07:06
even though every bone in their bodies
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即使他们浑身上下
07:08
was telling them not to.
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都感知他们说不要
07:11
And this turns out to have a special power all its own,
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这证明是一种属于它自身的特殊的力量
07:13
because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm,
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因为人们都会感觉这些领导者同时是掌舵者
07:16
not because they enjoyed directing others
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并不是因为他们喜欢指挥别人
07:18
and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;
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抑或是享受众人目光的聚焦
07:20
they were there because they had no choice,
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他们处在那个位置因为他们没有选择
07:22
because they were driven to do what they thought was right.
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因为他们行驶在他们认为正确的道路上
07:26
Now I think at this point it's important for me to say
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现在我觉得对于这点我有必要说
07:29
that I actually love extroverts.
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那就是我真的喜爱外向的人
07:32
I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts,
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我总是喜欢说我最好的几个朋友都是外向的人
07:35
including my beloved husband.
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包括我亲爱的丈夫
07:39
And we all fall at different points, of course,
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当然了我们都会在不同点时偏向
07:41
along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.
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内向者/外向者的范围
07:44
Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said
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甚至是卡尔·荣格，这个让这些名词为大众所熟知的心理学家，说道
07:47
that there's no such thing as a pure introvert
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世上绝没有一个纯粹的内向的人
07:49
or a pure extrovert.
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或者一个纯粹的外向的人
07:51
He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum,
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他说这样的人会在精神病院里
07:53
if he existed at all.
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如果他存在的话
07:56
And some people fall smack in the middle
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还有一些人处在中间的迹象
07:58
of the introvert/extrovert spectrum,
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在内向与外向之间
08:00
and we call these people ambiverts.
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我们称这些人为“中向性格者”
08:02
And I often think that they have the best of all worlds.
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并且我总是认为他们拥有世界最美好的一切
08:06
But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.
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但是我们中的大多数总是认为自己属于内向或者外向，其中一类
08:09
And what I'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance.
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同时我想说从文化意义上讲我们需要一种更好的平衡
08:12
We need more of a yin and yang
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我们需要更多的阴阳的平衡
08:14
between these two types.
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在这两种类型的人之间
08:16
This is especially important
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这点是极为重要的
08:18
when it comes to creativity and to productivity,
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当涉及创造力和生产力的时候
08:20
because when psychologists look
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因为当心理学家们看待
08:22
at the lives of the most creative people,
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最有创造力的人的生命的时候
08:24
what they find
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他们寻找到的
08:26
are people who are very good at exchanging ideas
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是那些擅长变换思维的人
08:28
and advancing ideas,
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提出想法的人
08:30
but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.
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但是他们同时也有着极为显著的偏内向的痕迹
08:33
And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often
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这是因为独处是非常关键的因素
08:35
to creativity.
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对于创造力来说
08:37
So Darwin,
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所以达尔文
08:39
he took long walks alone in the woods
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自己一个人漫步在小树林里
08:41
and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations.
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并且断然拒绝了晚餐派对的邀约
08:44
Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss,
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西奥多·盖索，更多时候以苏索博士的名号知名
08:47
he dreamed up many of his amazing creations
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他梦想过很多的惊人的创作
08:49
in a lonely bell tower office that he had
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在他在加利福尼亚州拉霍亚市房子的后面的
08:51
in the back of his house in La Jolla, California.
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一座孤独的束层的塔形办公室中
08:54
And he was actually afraid to meet
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而且其实他很害怕见面
08:56
the young children who read his books
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见那些读过他的书的年轻的孩子们
08:58
for fear that they were expecting him
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害怕他们会期待他
09:00
this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure
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这样一位令人愉快的，圣诞老人形象的人物
09:02
and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.
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同时又会因发现他含蓄缄默的性格而失望
09:06
Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer
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史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克发明了第一台苹果电脑
09:08
sitting alone in his cubical
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一个人独自坐在他的机柜旁
09:10
in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time.
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在他当时工作的惠普公司
09:12
And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place
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并且他说他永远不会在那方面成为一号专家
09:15
had he not been too introverted to leave the house
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但他还没因太内向到要离开那里
09:18
when he was growing up.
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那个他成长起来的地方
09:20
Now of course,
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当然了
09:23
this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating --
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这并不意味着我们都应该停止合作--
09:26
and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs
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恰当的例子呢，是史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克和史蒂夫·乔布斯的著名联手
09:29
to start Apple Computer --
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创建苹果电脑公司--
09:32
but it does mean that solitude matters
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但是这并不意味着和独处有重大关系
09:35
and that for some people
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并且对于一些人来说
09:37
it is the air that they breathe.
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这是他们赖以呼吸生存的空气
09:39
And in fact, we have known for centuries
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事实上，几个世纪以来我们已经非常明白
09:42
about the transcendent power of solitude.
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独处的卓越力量
09:45
It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it.
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只是到了最近，非常奇怪，我们开始遗忘它了
09:48
If you look at most of the world's major religions,
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如果你看看世界上主要的宗教
09:51
you will find seekers --
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你会发现探寻者--
09:53
Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad --
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摩西，耶稣，佛祖，穆罕默德 --
09:56
seekers who are going off by themselves
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那些独身去探寻的人们
09:58
alone to the wilderness
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在大自然的旷野中独处，思索
10:00
where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations
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在那里，他们有了深刻的顿悟和对于奥义的揭示
10:02
that they then bring back to the rest of the community.
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之后他们把这些思想带回到社会的其他地方去
10:05
So no wilderness, no revelations.
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没有旷原，没有启示
10:09
This is no surprise though
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尽管这并不令人惊讶
10:11
if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.
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如果你注意到现代心理学的思想理论
10:14
It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people
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它反映出来我们甚至不能和一组人待在一起
10:17
without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.
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而不去本能地模仿他们的意见与想法
10:20
Even about seemingly personal and visceral things
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甚至是看上去私人的，发自内心的事情
10:22
like who you're attracted to,
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像是你被谁所吸引
10:24
you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you
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你会开始模仿你周围的人的信仰
10:27
without even realizing that that's what you're doing.
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甚至都觉察不到你自己在做什么
10:29
And groups famously follow the opinions
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还曾跟随群体的意见
10:32
of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room,
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跟随着房间里最具有统治力的，最有领袖气质的人的思路
10:34
even though there's zero correlation
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虽然这真的没什么关系
10:36
between being the best talker and having the best ideas --
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在成为一个卓越的演讲家还是拥有最好的主意之间--
10:39
I mean zero.
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我的意思是“零相关”
10:41
So ...
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那么...
10:43
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
10:45
You might be following the person with the best ideas,
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你们或许会跟随有最好头脑的人
10:48
but you might not.
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但是你们也许不会
10:50
And do you really want to leave it up to chance?
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可你们真的想把这机会扔掉吗？
10:53
Much better for everybody to go off by themselves,
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如果每个人都自己行动或许好得多
10:55
generate their own ideas
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发掘他们自己的想法
10:57
freed from the distortions of group dynamics,
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没有群体动力学的曲解
10:59
and then come together as a team
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接着来到一起组成一个团队
11:01
to talk them through in a well-managed environment
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在一个良好管理的环境中互相交流
11:04
and take it from there.
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并且在那里学习别的思想
11:06
Now if all this is true,
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如果说现在这一切都是真的
11:08
then why are we getting it so wrong?
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那么为什么我们还得到这样错误的结论？
11:11
Why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces?
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为什么我们要这样创立我们的学校，还有我们的工作单位？
11:13
And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty
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为什么我们要让这些内向的人觉得那么愧疚
11:15
about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time?
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对于他们只是想要离开，一个人独处一段时间的事实？
11:19
One answer lies deep in our cultural history.
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有一个答案在我们的文化史中埋藏已久
11:22
Western societies,
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西方社会
11:24
and in particular the U.S.,
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特别是在美国
11:26
have always favored the man of action
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总是偏爱有行动的人
11:28
over the man of contemplation
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而不是有深刻思考的人
11:30
and "man" of contemplation.
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有深刻思考的“人”
11:34
But in America's early days,
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但是在美国早期的时候
11:37
we lived in what historians call a culture of character,
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我们生活在一个被历史学家称作“性格特征”的文化
11:40
where we still, at that point, valued people
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那时我们仍然，在这点上，判断人们的价值
11:42
for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.
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从人们的内涵和道义正直
11:45
And if you look at the self-help books from this era,
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而且如果你看一看这个时代关于自立的书籍的话
11:47
they all had titles with things like
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它们都有这样一种标题：
11:49
"Character, the Grandest Thing in the World."
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“性格”，世界上最伟大的事物
11:52
And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln
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并且它们以亚伯拉罕·林肯这样的为标榜
11:55
who was praised for being modest and unassuming.
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一个被形容为谦虚低调的男人
11:57
Ralph Waldo Emerson called him
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拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生称他是
11:59
"A man who does not offend by superiority."
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“一个以‘优越’二字形容都不为过的人”
12:02
But then we hit the 20th century
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但是接着我们来到了二十世纪
12:05
and we entered a new culture
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并且我们融入了一种新的文化
12:07
that historians call the culture of personality.
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一种被历史学家称作“个性”的文化
12:09
What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy
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所发生的改变就是我们从农业经济发展为
12:11
to a world of big business.
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一个大商业经济的世界
12:13
And so suddenly people are moving
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而且人们突然开始搬迁
12:15
from small towns to the cities.
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从小的城镇搬向城市
12:17
And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives,
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并且一改他们之前的在生活中和所熟识的人们一起工作的方式
12:20
now they are having to prove themselves
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现在他们
12:22
in a crowd of strangers.
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在一群陌生人中间有必要去证明自己
12:24
So, quite understandably,
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这样做是非常可以理解的
12:26
qualities like magnetism and charisma
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像领袖气质和个人魅力这样的品质
12:28
suddenly come to seem really important.
300
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突然间似乎变得极为重要
12:30
And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs
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那么可以肯定的是，自助自立的书的内容变更了以适应这些新的需求
12:33
and they start to have names
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并且它们开始拥有名称
12:35
like "How to Win Friends and Influence People."
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像是《如何赢得朋友和影响他人》（戴尔・卡耐基所著《人性的弱点》）
12:37
And they feature as their role models
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他们的特点是做自己的榜样
12:39
really great salesmen.
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不得不说确实是好的推销员
12:42
So that's the world we're living in today.
306
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所以这就是我们今天生活的世界
12:44
That's our cultural inheritance.
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这是我们的文化遗产
12:48
Now none of this is to say
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现在没有谁能够说
12:50
that social skills are unimportant,
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社交技能是不重要的
12:53
and I'm also not calling
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并且我也不是想呼吁
12:55
for the abolishing of teamwork at all.
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大家废除团队合作模式
12:58
The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops
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但仍是相同的宗教，却把他们的圣人送到了孤独的山顶上
13:01
also teach us love and trust.
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仍然教导我们爱与信任
13:04
And the problems that we are facing today
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还有我们今天所要面对的问题
13:06
in fields like science and in economics
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像是在科学和经济领域
13:08
are so vast and so complex
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是如此的巨大和复杂
13:10
that we are going to need armies of people coming together
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以至于我们需要人们强有力地团结起来
13:12
to solve them working together.
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共同解决这些问题
13:14
But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves,
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但是我想说，越给内向者自由让他们做自己
13:17
the more likely that they are
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他们就做得越好
13:19
to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.
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去想出他们独特的关于问题的解决办法
13:24
So now I'd like to share with you
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所以现在我很高兴同你们分享
13:26
what's in my suitcase today.
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我手提箱中的东西
13:33
Guess what?
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猜猜是什么？
13:35
Books.
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书
13:37
I have a suitcase full of books.
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我有一个手提箱里面装满了书
13:39
Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye."
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这是玛格丽特·阿特伍德的《猫的眼睛》
13:41
Here's a novel by Milan Kundera.
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这是一本米兰·昆德拉的书
13:44
And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed"
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这是一本《迷途指津》
13:46
by Maimonides.
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是迈蒙尼德写的
13:49
But these are not exactly my books.
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但这些实际上都不是我的书
13:52
I brought these books with me
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我还是带着它们，陪伴着我
13:54
because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.
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因为它们都是我祖父最喜爱的作家所写
13:58
My grandfather was a rabbi
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我的祖父是一名犹太教祭司
14:00
and he was a widower
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他独身一人
14:02
who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn
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在布鲁克林的一间小公寓中居住
14:05
that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up,
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那里是我从小到大在这个世界上最喜爱的地方
14:08
partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence
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部分原因是他有着非常温和亲切的，温文尔雅的举止
14:11
and partly because it was filled with books.
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部分原因是那里充满了书
14:14
I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment
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我的意思是，毫不夸张地说，公寓中的每张桌子，每张椅子
14:17
had yielded its original function
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都充分应用着它原有的功能
14:19
to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.
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就是现在作为承载一大堆都在摇曳的书的表面
14:22
Just like the rest of my family,
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就像我其他的家庭成员一样
14:24
my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
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我祖父在这个世界上最喜欢做的事情就是阅读
14:27
But he also loved his congregation,
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但是他同样也热爱他的宗教
14:30
and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave
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并且你们可以从他的讲述中感觉到他这种爱
14:33
every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.
347
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这62年来每周他都作为一名犹太教的祭司
14:37
He would takes the fruits of each week's reading
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他会从每周的阅读中汲取养分
14:40
and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.
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并且他会编织这些错综复杂的古代和人文主义的思想的挂毯
14:43
And people would come from all over
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并且人们会从各个地方前来
14:45
to hear him speak.
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听他的讲话
14:47
But here's the thing about my grandfather.
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但是有这么一件关于我祖父的事情
14:50
Underneath this ceremonial role,
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在这个正式的角色下隐藏着
14:52
he was really modest and really introverted --
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他是一个非常谦虚的非常内向的人
14:55
so much so that when he delivered these sermons,
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是那么的谦虚内向以至于当他在向人们讲述的时候
14:58
he had trouble making eye contact
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他都不敢有视线上的接触
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with the very same congregation
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和同样的教堂会众
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that he had been speaking to for 62 years.
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他已经发言有62年了
15:04
And even away from the podium,
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甚至都还远离领奖台
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when you called him to say hello,
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当你们让他说“你好”的时候
15:08
he would often end the conversation prematurely
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他总会提早结束这对话
15:10
for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.
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担心他会占用你太多的时间
15:14
But when he died at the age of 94,
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但是当他94岁去世的时候
15:17
the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood
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警察们需要封锁他所居住的街道邻里
15:20
to accommodate the crowd of people
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来容纳拥挤的人们
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who came out to mourn him.
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前来哀悼他的人们
15:26
And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example
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这些天来我都试着从我祖父的事例中学习
15:29
in my own way.
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以我自己的方式
15:31
So I just published a book about introversion,
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所以我就出版了一本关于内向性格的书
15:34
and it took me about seven years to write.
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它花了我7年的时间完成它
15:36
And for me, that seven years was like total bliss,
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而对我来说，这七年像是一种极大的喜悦
15:39
because I was reading, I was writing,
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因为我在阅读，我在写作
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I was thinking, I was researching.
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我在思考，我在探寻
15:44
It was my version
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这是我的版本
15:46
of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library.
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对于爷爷一天中几个小时都要独自待在图书馆这件事
15:49
But now all of a sudden my job is very different,
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但是现在突然间我的工作变得很不同了
15:52
and my job is to be out here talking about it,
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我的工作变成了站在这里讲述它
15:55
talking about introversion.
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讲述内向的性格
15:58
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
16:02
And that's a lot harder for me,
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而且这对于我来说是有一点困难的
16:04
because as honored as I am
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因为我很荣幸
16:06
to be here with all of you right now,
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在现在被你们所有人所倾听
16:08
this is not my natural milieu.
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这可不是我自然的文化背景
16:11
So I prepared for moments like these
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所以我准备了一会就像这样
16:13
as best I could.
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以我所能做到的最好的方式
16:15
I spent the last year practicing public speaking
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我花了最近一年的时间练习在公共场合发言
16:17
every chance I could get.
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在我能得到的每一个机会中
16:19
And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously."
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我把这一年称作我的“危险地发言的一年”
16:22
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
16:24
And that actually helped a lot.
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而且它的确帮了我很大的忙
16:26
But I'll tell you, what helps even more
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但是我要告诉你们一个帮我更大的忙的事情
16:28
is my sense, my belief, my hope
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那就是我的感觉，我的信仰，我的希望
16:31
that when it comes to our attitudes
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当谈及我们态度的时候
16:33
to introversion and to quiet and to solitude,
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对于内向性格的，对于安静，对于独处的态度时
16:35
we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.
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我们确实是在急剧变化的边缘上保持微妙的平衡
16:37
I mean, we are.
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我的意思是，我们在保持平衡
16:39
And so I am going to leave you now
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现在我将要给你们留下一些东西
16:41
with three calls for action
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三件对于你们的行动有帮助的事情
16:43
for those who share this vision.
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献给那些观看我的演讲的人
16:45
Number one:
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第一：
16:47
Stop the madness for constant group work.
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停止对于经常要团队协作的执迷与疯狂
16:49
Just stop it.
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停止它就好了
16:51
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
16:54
Thank you.
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谢谢你们
16:56
(Applause)
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（掌声）
16:58
And I want to be clear about what I'm saying,
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我想让我所说的事情变得清晰一些
17:00
because I deeply believe our offices
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因为我对于我们的办公深信不疑
17:02
should be encouraging
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应该鼓励它们
17:04
casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions --
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那种休闲随意的，聊天似的咖啡厅式的相互作用--
17:06
you know, the kind where people come together
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你们知道的，道不同不相为谋，人们聚到一起
17:08
and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.
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并且互相交换着宝贵的意见
17:10
That is great.
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这是很棒的
17:12
It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts.
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这对于内向者很好，同样对于外向者也好
17:14
But we need much more privacy and much more freedom
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但是我们需要更多的隐私和更多的自由
17:16
and much more autonomy at work.
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还有更多对于我们本身工作的自主权
17:18
School, same thing.
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对于学校，也是同样的。
17:20
We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure,
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我们当然需要教会孩子们要一起学习工作
17:23
but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.
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但是我们同样需要教会孩子们怎么样独立完成任务
17:25
This is especially important for extroverted children too.
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这对于外向的孩子们来说同样是极为重要的
17:28
They need to work on their own
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他们需要独立完成工作
17:30
because that is where deep thought comes from in part.
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因为从某种程度上，这是他们深刻思考的来源
17:32
Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness.
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好了，第二个：去到野外（打开思维）
17:35
Be like Buddha, have your own revelations.
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就像佛祖一样，拥有你们自己对于事物的揭示启迪
17:38
I'm not saying
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我并不是说
17:40
that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods
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我们都要跑去小树林里建造我们自己的小屋
17:43
and never talk to each other again,
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并且之后就永远不和别人说话了
17:46
but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug
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但是我要说我们都可以坚持去去除一些障碍物
17:48
and get inside our own heads
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然后深入我们自己的大脑思想
17:50
a little more often.
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时不时得再深入一点
17:54
Number three:
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第三点：
17:57
Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase
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好好看一眼你的旅行箱内有什么东西
17:59
and why you put it there.
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还有你为什么把它放进去
18:01
So extroverts,
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所以外向者们
18:03
maybe your suitcases are also full of books.
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也许你们的箱子内同样堆满了书
18:05
Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses
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或者它们装满了香槟的玻璃酒杯
18:07
or skydiving equipment.
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或者是跳伞运动的设备
18:10
Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get
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不管它是什么，我希望每当你们有机会你们就把它拿出来
18:14
and grace us with your energy and your joy.
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用你的能量和你的快乐让我们感受到美和享受
18:17
But introverts, you being you,
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但是内向者们，你们作为内向者
18:20
you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully
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你们很可能有仔细保护一切的冲动
18:22
what's inside your own suitcase.
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在你箱子里的东西
18:24
And that's okay.
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这没有问题
18:26
But occasionally, just occasionally,
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但是偶尔地，只是说偶尔地
18:28
I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see,
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我希望你们可以打开你们的手提箱，让别人看一看
18:31
because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.
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因为这个世界需要你们，同样需要你们身上所携带的你们特有的事物
18:36
So I wish you the best of all possible journeys
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所以对于你们即将走上的所有旅程，我都给予你们我最美好的祝愿
18:38
and the courage to speak softly.
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还有温柔地说话的勇气
18:41
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢你们
18:43
(Applause)
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（掌声）
18:47
Thank you. Thank you.
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谢谢。谢谢
18:50
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionaryOur world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone.
Why you should listen
Susan Cain is a former corporate lawyer and negotiations consultant -- and a self-described introvert. At least one-third of the people we know are introverts, notes Cain in her book QUIET: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. Although our culture undervalues them dramatically, introverts have made some of the great contributions to society -- from Chopin's nocturnes to the invention of the personal computer to Ghandi's transformative leadership. Cain argues that we design our schools, workplaces and religious institutions for extroverts, and that this bias creates a waste of talent, energy and happiness. Based on intensive research in psychology and neurobiology and on prolific interviews, she also explains why introverts are capable of great love and great achievement, not in spite of their temperament -- but because of them.
In 2015 Susan Cain announced the launch of her mission-based organization Quiet Revolution that aims to change the lives of introverts by empowering them with the information, tools and resources they need to survive and thrive.
In the workplace, companies are not fully harnessing the talents of their introverted employees and leadership teams are often imbalanced with many more extroverts than introverts. The Quiet Leadership Institute has worked with companies from LinkedIn to GE to Procter and Gamble to help them achieve their potential by providing learning experiences that unlock the power of introverts.
At the heart and center of the Quiet Revolution is empowering the next generation of children to know their own strengths and be freed from the sense of inadequacy that has shadowed the children of previous generations. Susan's second book, Quiet Power, is written for teens and young adults but also serves as a tool for teachers and parents. In addition, Susan has created a portal and a online learning experience for the parents of quiet children and has also established the Quiet Schools Network. Susan's podcast, Quiet: The Power of Introverts debuted in February 2016 as a 10-part series designed to give parents and teachers the tools they need to empower quiet kids.
Susan and the Quiet Revolution have received numerous accolades and press including Fortune magazine, The New York Times, NPRand many more.
Susan Cain | Speaker | TED.com