TED2009
Kamal Meattle: How to grow fresh air
Kamals Mitls: Kā audzēt svaigu gaisu
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Zinātnieks Kamals Mitls parāda, kā trīs izplatītu mājas augu izvietojums noteiktās mājas vai biroja ēkas vietās iekštelpu gaisu var padarīt ievērojami tīrāku.
Kamal Meattle - Business owner and activist
With its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air. Full bio
With its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Some 17 years ago, I became allergic to Delhi's air.
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Pirms apmēram 17 gadiem,
man radās alerģija pret Deli gaisu.
man radās alerģija pret Deli gaisu.
00:17
My doctors told me that my lung capacity
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Ārsti teica, ka manu plaušu ietilpība
00:20
had gone down to 70 percent,
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samazinājusies līdz 70 procentiem,
00:22
and it was killing me.
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un tas mani beidza nost.
00:23
With the help of IIT,
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Ar IIT, TERI palīdzību
00:26
TERI, and learnings from NASA,
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un NASA mācībām
00:28
we discovered that there are three
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mēs atklājām, ka pamatā
00:31
basic green plants,
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ir 3 izplatīti augi,
00:33
common green plants, with which
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ar ko iespējams
00:35
we can grow all the fresh air
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audzēt svaigu gaisu,
00:36
we need indoors to keep us healthy.
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ko mums vajag iekštelpās,
lai saglabātu veselību.
lai saglabātu veselību.
00:39
We've also found that you can
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Mēs arī atklājām, ka tie
00:41
reduce the fresh air requirements
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ēkai samazina svaigā gaisa
00:43
into the building, while maintaining
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nepieciešamību, uzturot
00:45
industry indoor air-quality standards.
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darba telpu gaisa kvalitātes standartus.
00:48
The three plants are Areca palm,
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Šie trīs augi ir Arekas palma,
00:50
Mother-in-Law's Tongue and money plant.
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līdakaste un plūksnainā epipremna.
00:54
The botanical names are in front of you.
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Jums priekšā redzami
augu botāniskie nosaukumi.
augu botāniskie nosaukumi.
00:58
Areca palm is a plant which
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Arekas palma ir augs, kas
01:00
removes CO2 and converts it into oxygen.
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uzsūc CO2 un pārvērš to skābeklī.
01:04
We need four shoulder-high plants per person,
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Uz vienu cilvēku mums vajag
četrus plecu augstuma augus,
četrus plecu augstuma augus,
01:08
and in terms of plant care,
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un auga apkopei,
01:10
we need to wipe the leaves
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jānoslauka lapas
01:11
every day in Delhi, and perhaps
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Delī ik dienas un, iespējams,
01:13
once a week in cleaner-air cities.
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pilsētās ar tīrāku gaisu reizi nedēļā.
01:15
We had to grow them in vermi manure,
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Tie jāaudzē tārpu mēslojumā,
01:18
which is sterile, or hydroponics,
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kas ir sterils, vai hidroponikā,
01:21
and take them outdoors every three to four months.
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un katrus trīs līdz četrus mēnešus,
jāiznes ārā.
jāiznes ārā.
01:25
The second plant is Mother-in-law's Tongue,
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Otrais augs ir līdakaste,
01:28
which is again a very common plant,
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kas arī ir izplatīts augs.
01:30
and we call it a bedroom plant,
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Mēs to saucam par guļamistabas augu,
01:32
because it converts CO2 into oxygen at night.
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jo tas naktī uzsūc CO2 un izdala skābekli.
01:35
And we need six to eight waist-high plants per person.
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Uz cilvēku vajadzīgi
6—8 vidukļa augstuma augi.
6—8 vidukļa augstuma augi.
01:40
The third plant is money plant,
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Trešais augs ir plūksnainā epipremna.
01:42
and this is again a very common plant;
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Arī šis ir ļoti izplatīts augs, kuru
01:45
preferably grows in hydroponics.
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parasti audzē hidroponikā.
01:48
And this particular plant removes formaldehydes
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Šis augs no gaisa uzsūc formaldehīdu
01:51
and other volatile chemicals.
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un citas gaistošās ķimikālijas.
01:52
With these three plants,
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Ar šiem trim augiem
01:54
you can grow all the fresh air you need.
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var izaudzēt visu vajadzīgo gaisu.
01:56
In fact, you could be in a bottle
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Faktiski, varētu dzīvot pudelē
01:58
with a cap on top, and you would not die at all,
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ar aiztaisītu korķi un nenomirt,
02:02
and you would not need any fresh air.
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un nebūtu vajadzīgs svaigs gaiss.
02:05
We have tried these plants at our
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Mēs esam izmēģinājuši šos augus
02:07
own building in Delhi, which is a
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mūsu pašu ēkā Delī, kura ir
02:10
50,000-square-feet, 20-year-old building.
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4650 kvadrātmetrus liela,
20 gadus veca celtne.
20 gadus veca celtne.
02:13
And it has close to 1,200 such plants for 300 occupants.
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Tajā ir gandrīz 1200 šādu augu
uz 300 darbiniekiem.
uz 300 darbiniekiem.
02:17
Our studies have found that there is
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Mūsu pētījumi ir atklājuši
02:19
a 42 percent probability of one's blood oxygen
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42% varbūtību,
ka cilvēka skābekļa saturs asinīs
ka cilvēka skābekļa saturs asinīs
02:23
going up by one percent if one stays indoors
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palielinās par 1%, cilvēkam 10 stundas
02:25
in this building for 10 hours.
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uzturoties šajā ēkā.
02:28
The government of India has discovered
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Indijas valdība ir atklājusi
02:31
or published a study to show
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un publicējusi pētījumu, lai parādītu,
02:33
that this is the healthiest building in New Delhi.
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ka šī ir visveselīgākā ēka Ņūdelī.
02:36
And the study showed that,
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Šis pētījums parādīja, ka,
02:39
compared to other buildings,
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salīdzinājumā ar citām ēkām,
02:40
there is a reduced incidence of
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acu asarošana
02:42
eye irritation by 52 percent,
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samazinājusies par 52%,
02:44
respiratory systems by 34 percent,
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svīšana — par 34%,
02:48
headaches by 24 percent,
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galvassāpes — par 24%,
02:49
lung impairment by 12 percent and asthma by nine percent.
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plaušu iekaisums — par 12%;
un astma — par 9%.
un astma — par 9%.
02:53
And this study has been published on September 8, 2008,
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Pētījumu publicēja
2008. gada 8. septembrī,
2008. gada 8. septembrī,
02:57
and it's available on the government of India website.
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un tas ir pieejams
Indijas valdības mājaslapā.
Indijas valdības mājaslapā.
03:00
Our experience points to an
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Mūsu pieredze norāda
03:02
amazing increase in human productivity
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uz apbrīnojamu cilvēka darbspēju palielināšanos
03:06
by over 20 percent by using these plants.
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par vairāk kā 20% šo augu klātbūtnē.
03:09
And also a reduction in energy requirements in buildings
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Kā ar enerģijas patēriņa samazinājumu ēkai
03:13
by an outstanding 15 percent, because you need less fresh air.
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par nepārspējamiem 15%,
jo mazāk vajadzīgs svaigs gaiss.
jo mazāk vajadzīgs svaigs gaiss.
03:19
We are now replicating this in a
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Nu mēs mēģinām to pašu atkārtot
03:20
1.75-million-square-feet building,
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160 tūkstošus kvadrātmetru lielā ēkā,
03:23
which will have 60,000 indoor plants.
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kurā būs 60 000 šo augu.
03:25
Why is this important?
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Kāpēc tas ir tik svarīgi?
03:27
It is also important for the environment,
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Tas ir nozīmīgi arī videi,
03:29
because the world's energy
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jo tiek paredzēts, ka nākamajā
03:30
requirements are expected to grow
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desmitgadē pasaules enerģijas
03:32
by 30 percent in the next decade.
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patēriņš pieaugs par 30%.
03:34
40 percent of the world's energy is taken
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40% pasaules enerģijas
03:35
up by buildings currently,
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pašlaik izlieto ēkās,
03:37
and 60 percent of the world's population
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un 60% pasaules iedzīvotāju
03:39
will be living in buildings in cities
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dzīvos ēkās,
pilsētās ar iedzīvotāju skaitu,
pilsētās ar iedzīvotāju skaitu,
03:42
with a population of over one million in the next 15 years.
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kas ir lielāks par miljonu,
nākamajos 15 gados.
nākamajos 15 gados.
03:46
And there is a growing preference for living
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Arvien biežāk
tiek dota priekšroka dzīvošanai
tiek dota priekšroka dzīvošanai
03:48
and working in air-conditioned places.
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un strādāšanai vietās ar kondicionētu gaisu.
03:52
"Be the change you want to see in the world,"
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„Esi tās pārmaiņas,
ko vēlies redzēt pasaulē,”
ko vēlies redzēt pasaulē,”
03:54
said Mahatma Gandhi.
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teica Mahatma Gandi.
03:55
And thank you for listening.
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Paldies, ka uzklausījāt.
03:56
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kamal Meattle - Business owner and activistWith its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air.
Why you should listen
Kamal Meattle has a vision to reshape commercial building in India using principles of green architecture and sustainable upkeep (including an air-cleaning system that involves massive banks of plants instead of massive banks of HVAC equipment). He started the Paharpur Business Centre and Software Technology Incubator Park (PBC-STIP), in New Delhi, in 1990 to provide "instant office" space to technology companies. PBC-STIP's website publishes its air quality index every day, and tracks its compliance to the 10 principles of the UN Global Compact, a corporate-citizenship initiative.
Meattle has long been a environmental activist in India. In the 1980s he helped India's apple industry develop less-wasteful packaging to help save acres of trees. He then began a campaign to help India's millions of scooter drivers use less oil. His next plan is to develop a larger version of PBC-STIP, making a green office accessible to more businesses in New Delhi and serving as an example of low-cost, low-energy office life.
Kamal Meattle | Speaker | TED.com