TED2009
Kamal Meattle: How to grow fresh air
Kamal Meattle membicarakan cara menghasilkan udara segar anda sendiri.
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Penyelidik Kamal Meattle menunjukkan bagaimana penyusunan tiga pokok hias-rumah biasa di tempat-tempat tertentu di dalam rumah atau bangunan pejabat, dapat menghasilkan udara yang lebih segar di kawasan tertutup.
Kamal Meattle - Business owner and activist
With its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air. Full bio
With its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Some 17 years ago, I became allergic to Delhi's air.
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Kira-kira 17 tahun yang lalu, saya menjadi alah kepada udara di Delhi.
00:17
My doctors told me that my lung capacity
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Doktor saya beritahu yang kapasiti paru-paru saya
00:20
had gone down to 70 percent,
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telah merosot kepada 70 peratus,
00:22
and it was killing me.
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dan ia mengancam nyawa saya.
00:23
With the help of IIT,
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Dengan bantuan IIT,
00:26
TERI, and learnings from NASA,
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TERI dan pengetahuan daripada NASA,
00:28
we discovered that there are three
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kami telah mendapati bahawa ada tiga
00:31
basic green plants,
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tumbuhan hijau asas,
00:33
common green plants, with which
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pokok hijau biasa, yang boleh
00:35
we can grow all the fresh air
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ditanam bagi menghasilkan udara segar
00:36
we need indoors to keep us healthy.
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yang kita perlukan di tempat tertutup agar kita terus sihat.
00:39
We've also found that you can
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Kami juga mendapati bahawa kita boleh
00:41
reduce the fresh air requirements
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mengurangkan keperluan udara segar
00:43
into the building, while maintaining
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di dalam bangunan, di samping mengekalkan
00:45
industry indoor air-quality standards.
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standard kualiti udara dalam bangunan.
00:48
The three plants are Areca palm,
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Tiga pokok itu ialah pokok palma pinang kuning,
00:50
Mother-in-Law's Tongue and money plant.
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pokok lidah jin dan pokok duit-duit.
00:54
The botanical names are in front of you.
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Nama botaninya terpapar di hadapan anda.
00:58
Areca palm is a plant which
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Palma pinang kuning merupakan tumbuhan yang
01:00
removes CO2 and converts it into oxygen.
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menyingkirkan CO2 dan mengubahkan ia menjadi oksigen.
01:04
We need four shoulder-high plants per person,
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Kami perlukan empat pokok separas bahu bagi setiap orang
01:08
and in terms of plant care,
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dan dari segi penjagaannya,
01:10
we need to wipe the leaves
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kami perlu lapkan daunnya
01:11
every day in Delhi, and perhaps
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setiap hari di Delhi, dan mungkin
01:13
once a week in cleaner-air cities.
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seminggu sekali di kota-kota berudara lebih bersih.
01:15
We had to grow them in vermi manure,
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Kami tanam pokok itu dalam baja cacing
01:18
which is sterile, or hydroponics,
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yang steril, ataupun hidroponik,
01:21
and take them outdoors every three to four months.
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dan membawa ia ke luar setiap tiga atau empat bulan.
01:25
The second plant is Mother-in-law's Tongue,
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Tumbuhan yang kedua ialah pokok lidah jin,
01:28
which is again a very common plant,
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yakni satu lagi pokok yang biasa didapati,
01:30
and we call it a bedroom plant,
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dan kami menggelar ia pokok bilik tidur,
01:32
because it converts CO2 into oxygen at night.
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kerana ia menukarkan CO2 menjadi oksigen pada waktu malam.
01:35
And we need six to eight waist-high plants per person.
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Kami perlukan enam hingga lapan pokok separas pinggang bagi setiap orang.
01:40
The third plant is money plant,
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Tumbuhan yang ketiga ialah pokok duit-duit,
01:42
and this is again a very common plant;
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dan ini juga satu lagi pokok yang memang biasa didapati,
01:45
preferably grows in hydroponics.
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sebaik-baiknya ditanam secara hidroponik.
01:48
And this particular plant removes formaldehydes
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Pokok yang ini menyingkirkan gas formaldehid
01:51
and other volatile chemicals.
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dan bahan-bahan kimia meruap yang lain.
01:52
With these three plants,
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Dengan ketiga-tiga tumbuhan ini,
01:54
you can grow all the fresh air you need.
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anda boleh menghasilkan sebanyak mana pun udara segar yang diperlukan.
01:56
In fact, you could be in a bottle
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Malahan, anda boleh berada di dalam botol
01:58
with a cap on top, and you would not die at all,
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yang bertutup, dan anda tidak akan mati pun,
02:02
and you would not need any fresh air.
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dan anda tidak perlu pun udara segar.
02:05
We have tried these plants at our
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Kami telah mencuba pokok-pokok ini di
02:07
own building in Delhi, which is a
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bangunan kami sendiri di Delhi, iaitu sebuah
02:10
50,000-square-feet, 20-year-old building.
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bangunan seluas 50,000 kaki persegi, berusia 20 tahun.
02:13
And it has close to 1,200 such plants for 300 occupants.
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Ia mengandungi hampir 1,200 pokok berkenaan bagi 300 penghuni.
02:17
Our studies have found that there is
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Kajian kami telah mendapati bahawa ada
02:19
a 42 percent probability of one's blood oxygen
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kebarangkalian 42 peratus oksigen darah seseorang
02:23
going up by one percent if one stays indoors
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boleh meningkat satu peratus jika dia duduk di dalam
02:25
in this building for 10 hours.
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bangunan ini selama 10 jam.
02:28
The government of India has discovered
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Kerajaan India telah menemukan
02:31
or published a study to show
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atau menerbitkan satu kajian untuk menunjukkan
02:33
that this is the healthiest building in New Delhi.
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bahawa inilah bangunan yang paling menyihatkan di New Delhi.
02:36
And the study showed that,
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Kajian itu menunjukkan bahawa,
02:39
compared to other buildings,
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berbanding dengan bangunan lain,
02:40
there is a reduced incidence of
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berkurangnya kejadian
02:42
eye irritation by 52 percent,
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kerengsaan mata sebanyak 52 peratus,
02:44
respiratory systems by 34 percent,
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masalah sistem respirasi menurun 34 peratus,
02:48
headaches by 24 percent,
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sakit kepala menurun 24 peratus,
02:49
lung impairment by 12 percent and asthma by nine percent.
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kerosakan peparu menurun 12 peratus dan asma menurun 9 peratus.
02:53
And this study has been published on September 8, 2008,
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Kajian ini telah diterbitkan pada 8 September, 2008,
02:57
and it's available on the government of India website.
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dan boleh didapati di laman web kerajaan India.
03:00
Our experience points to an
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Pengalaman kami menunjukkan
03:02
amazing increase in human productivity
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peningkatan produktiviti manusia yang amat mengagumkan
03:06
by over 20 percent by using these plants.
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sebanyak 20 peratus kerana penggunaan pokok-pokok ini.
03:09
And also a reduction in energy requirements in buildings
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Dan juga pengurangan keperluan tenaga di dalam bangunan
03:13
by an outstanding 15 percent, because you need less fresh air.
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sebanyak 15 peratus kerana kurangnya udara segar yang diperlukan.
03:19
We are now replicating this in a
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Kini kami mengulangi usaha ini di sebuah
03:20
1.75-million-square-feet building,
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bangunan seluas 1.75 juta kaki persegi,
03:23
which will have 60,000 indoor plants.
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yang akan menempatkan 60,000 tanaman dalam rumah.
03:25
Why is this important?
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Mengapa ini penting?
03:27
It is also important for the environment,
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Ia juga penting bagi alam sekitar,
03:29
because the world's energy
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kerana keperluan tenaga dunia
03:30
requirements are expected to grow
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dijangka meningkat
03:32
by 30 percent in the next decade.
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sebanyak 30 peratus dalam dekad akan datang.
03:34
40 percent of the world's energy is taken
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40 peratus daripada tenaga di dunia dipakai
03:35
up by buildings currently,
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oleh bangunan sekarang,
03:37
and 60 percent of the world's population
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dan 60 peratus daripada penduduk dunia
03:39
will be living in buildings in cities
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akan mendiami bangunan di kota-kota
03:42
with a population of over one million in the next 15 years.
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yang berpopulasi melebihi sejuta orang dalam 15 tahun akan datang.
03:46
And there is a growing preference for living
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Dan kecenderungan untuk tinggal
03:48
and working in air-conditioned places.
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dan bekerja di tempat berhawa dingin semakin meningkat.
03:52
"Be the change you want to see in the world,"
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Jadilah perubahan yang ingin anda saksikan di dunia ini,
03:54
said Mahatma Gandhi.
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kata Mahatma Gandhi.
03:55
And thank you for listening.
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Terima kasih kerana sudi mendengar.
03:56
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kamal Meattle - Business owner and activistWith its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air.
Why you should listen
Kamal Meattle has a vision to reshape commercial building in India using principles of green architecture and sustainable upkeep (including an air-cleaning system that involves massive banks of plants instead of massive banks of HVAC equipment). He started the Paharpur Business Centre and Software Technology Incubator Park (PBC-STIP), in New Delhi, in 1990 to provide "instant office" space to technology companies. PBC-STIP's website publishes its air quality index every day, and tracks its compliance to the 10 principles of the UN Global Compact, a corporate-citizenship initiative.
Meattle has long been a environmental activist in India. In the 1980s he helped India's apple industry develop less-wasteful packaging to help save acres of trees. He then began a campaign to help India's millions of scooter drivers use less oil. His next plan is to develop a larger version of PBC-STIP, making a green office accessible to more businesses in New Delhi and serving as an example of low-cost, low-energy office life.
Kamal Meattle | Speaker | TED.com