Alexander Belcredi: How a long-forgotten virus could help us solve the antibiotics crisis
Alexander Belcredi: Como um vírus em tempos esquecido pode ajudar no combate à crise dos antibióticos
Alexander Belcredi studies how viruses can help in the fight against superbugs. Full bio
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devastating disease.
doenças devastadoras.
they can cure disease.
o oposto — curar doenças.
about phages was back in 2013.
em fagos foi em 2013.
he was treating.
required multiple surgeries,
que obrigara a várias cirurgias.
bacterial infection in her leg.
bacteriana crónica na perna.
also did not respond
pela infecção, não reagiu
option left is to amputate the leg
a única opção é amputar a perna
from spreading further.
se espalhe ainda mais.
for a different kind of solution,
por encontrar outro tipo de solução,
last-resort treatment using phages.
experimental, de último recurso com fagos.
the chronic infection had healed up,
de fagos, a infecção crónica tinha sarado,
tinha conseguido fazer.
by the medical potential of phages.
pelo potencial médico dos fagos.
to build a company in this space.
para criar uma empresa neste ramo.
by an electron microscope.
por um microscópio electrónico.
is in reality extremely tiny.
é extremamente minúsculo.
with the head, the long body
com a cabeça, o corpo alongado
that you have more than 10 billion phages
mais de 10 mil milhões de fagos
at infecting bacteria.
em infectar bactérias.
so much of our body,
do nosso corpo,
hunting ground for phages.
ideal para os fagos.
os fagos caçam bactérias.
are extremely selective hunters.
são caçadores bastante selectivos.
a single bacterial species.
apenas uma espécie de bactérias.
the phage that you see
called Staphylococcus aureus,
Staphylococcus aureus,
in its drug-resistant form.
resistente a medicamentos,
sensitive receptors,
extremamente sensíveis,
on a bacterial cell.
numa célula bacteriana.
to the bacterial cell wall
through the long body.
pelo corpo alongado.
reprograms the bacteria
becomes a phage factory.
uma fábrica de fagos.
within the bacteria cell,
dentro da célula bacteriana,
to release a protein
the phages move out
os fagos são libertados
for a new bacteria to infect.
que possam infectar.
sounded like a scary virus again.
tornou os vírus assustadores outra vez.
e depois destruí-las —
and then kill them --
from a medical point of view.
do ponto de vista médico.
extremely interesting
bastante interessante
I really had no clue about phages.
que os fagos existiam.
they are part of a natural principle.
de um princípio natural.
to the earliest days of evolution.
dos primórdios da evolução.
keeping each other in check.
mantendo-se um ao outro sob controlo.
and yang, of the hunter and the prey,
do predador e da presa,
abundant organism on our planet.
que mais abunda no nosso planeta.
talking about their medical potential,
sobre o seu potencial médico,
sobre os fagos e o seu papel no planeta:
about phages and their role on earth:
that works so well in nature,
tão eficaz na natureza,
to combat bacterial infections?
a infecções bacterianas?
has developed this kind of a drug yet,
desenvolveu este tipo de medicação
to the Western regulatory standards
os critérios reguladores ocidentais
for so much of the world.
grande parte do mundo.
we need to move back in time.
temos de recuar um pouco no tempo.
credited with discovering phages.
pela descoberta de fagos.
back in 1917, he had no clue
que tinha descoberto.
called bacillary dysentery,
a doença disenteria bacilar,
casos graves de diarreia,
that causes severe diarrhea,
de bastantes pessoas,
killing a lot of people,
para infecções bacterianas.
infections had been invented.
who had survived this illness.
que tinham sobrevivido à doença,
weird was going on.
was killing the bacteria
a destruir as bactérias
he did an ingenious experiment.
fez um teste engenhoso.
very small could have remained,
restava algo minúsculo,
to freshly cultivated bacteria.
e adicionou-a a uma cultura de bactérias.
that within a number of hours,
again filtering, taking a tiny drop,
a amostra, extraindo uma pequena gota,
of fresh bacteria.
a uma nova cultura de bactérias.
he made two conclusions.
yes, something was killing the bacteria,
algo estava a destruir as bactérias,
biologic in nature,
to have a huge impact.
para provocar um efeito maciço.
an "invisible microbe"
ao agente que encontrou
means "bacteria eater."
"devorador de bactérias".
of the most fundamental discoveries
uma das descobertas fundamentais
to our understanding of how phages work --
conhecimento de como os fagos funcionam,
but also in other fields.
como noutros campos.
in chemistry was announced
que trabalham com fagos
and develop drugs based on that.
the medical potential of phages.
o potencial médico dos fagos.
that reliably was killing bacteria.
such as Abbott, Squibb or Lilly,
tais como Abbott, Squibb ou Lilly,
with an invisible microbe,
lidamos com um micróbio invisível,
to a reliable drug.
um fármaco fidedigno.
that invisible virus
emerged in the 1940s,
químicos, nos anos 40,
to the development
que contribuiu para a criação
very differently than phages.
de uma forma diferente dos fagos.
the growth of the bacteria,
a proliferação das bactérias,
which kind of bacteria are present.
de bactérias presentes.
a whole bunch of bacteria out there.
gama de bactérias.
which work extremely narrowly
que se focam somente
like a dream come true.
um sonho tornado realidade.
with a suspected bacterial infection,
com suspeitas de uma infecção bacteriana,
anything else about the bacteria
sobre a bactéria causadora da doença
more and more antibiotics,
cada vez mais antibióticos,
therapy for bacterial infections.
primeira linha para infecções bacterianas.
tremendously to our life expectancy.
a nossa esperança de vida.
complex medical interventions
intervenções médicas e cirurgias
dying the very next day
de morrer no dia seguinte
contract during the operation.
ter contraído durante a operação.
especially in Western medicine.
principalmente na medicina ocidental.
I was growing up, the notion was:
eu era novo, a ideia era:
we have antibiotics.
bacterianas; temos os antibióticos.
we know that this is wrong.
sabemos que estávamos errados.
will have heard about superbugs.
em superbactérias.
that have become resistant
that we have developed
os antibióticos que desenvolvemos
as we thought we were.
quanto pensávamos.
antibiotics everywhere --
antibióticos em todo o lado
at home, for simple colds;
e em casa para constipações,
that were all around them,
desferiam contra elas,
that were best able to adapt.
com melhor capacidade de adaptação.
"multidrug-resistant bacteria."
"bactérias multirresistentes".
by the UK government,
pelo governo do Reino Unido
from multidrug-resistant infections.
anualmente de infecções multirresistentes.
from cancer per year today,
de mortes anuais por cancro,
that this is a scary number.
é este valor.
phages have stuck around.
continuam connosco.
impressed by multidrug resistance.
não os impressiona muito.
and hunting bacteria all around us.
ao nosso redor sem qualquer problema.
which today is really a good thing.
o que é uma vantagem hoje em dia.
a bacterial pathogen
exactamente qual a bactéria patogénica
in many settings.
em vários contextos.
avoid some of the side effects
certos efeitos secundários
with broad-spectrum antibiotics.
a antibióticos de largo espectro.
they are no longer an invisible microbe.
já não são um micróbio invisível.
phage-based pharmaceuticals.
de fagos que seja eficaz e segura.
around the globe.
a nível global.
including our own company,
incluindo a nossa,
to treat bacterial infections.
para tratar infecções bacterianas.
are getting underway in Europe and the US.
vários ensaios clínicos.
that we're standing on the verge
do Renascimento da fagoterapia.
the phage is something like this.
de representar os fagos é esta.
that we have been waiting for
de que precisávamos
multidrug-resistant infections.
por multirresistência a antibióticos.
que pensarem num vírus,
one day save your life.
pode salvar-vos a vida.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alexander Belcredi - Biotech entrepreneurAlexander Belcredi studies how viruses can help in the fight against superbugs.
Why you should listen
Alexander Belcredi has been working in the pharmaceutical space for over a decade. He spent nine years at BCG where he was part of the global health care team, focusing on pharma and medtech. While at BCG, Belcredi became acutely aware of the urgent need to develop alternatives to antibiotics and was fascinated by the role that phage therapy can play. In 2017, he co-founded PhagoMed Biopharma GmbH, a biotech company developing phage-based pharmaceuticals to treat bacterial infections, where he is now the CEO. Belcredi holds an MA in Modern History and Economics from the University of St. Andrews as well as an MBA from INSEAD.
Alexander Belcredi | Speaker | TED.com