Melinda Gates: Let's put birth control back on the agenda
Melinda French Gates is co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where she puts into practice the idea that every life has equal value. Full bio
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a totally uncontroversial topic.
الا يكون هناك خلف عليه ابدا
it's become incredibly controversial.
انه اصبح مثير للجدل بشكل لا يصدق
will have sex with one another.
سيمارسون الجنس مع بعضهم .
should be free to decide
يجيب ان يكونوا احرار للاختيار
want to conceive a child.
one of these birth control methods
من موانع الحمل هذه
who disagree with this idea.
الذين لا يوافقون هذه الفكره .
without any hesitation at all.
بدون ادني تردد.
to plan their own lives
ليخططوا لحياتهم
and more prosperous families.
وان يصبحوا اسر اكثر ازدهارا.
so broadly accepted in private,
علي نطاق واسع في المستوي الشخصي ,
a lot of opposition in public.
المعارضه في الاماكن العامه.
when we talk about contraception
عندما نتحدث عن موانع الحمل
because it's about sex.
لانه عن الجنس .
is to control populations.
انه يتحكم في عدد السكان
to this core idea that men and women
الفكرة الاساسيه يجب علي ال رجال والنساء
when they want to have a child.
متي يريدون ان ينجبوا طفل
almost completely and totally disappeared
اختفي تقريبا
are the people of sub-Saharan Africa
هم اهل جنوب الصحراء الكبري
that use contraception
المستخدمين لوسائل منع الحمل
one of the largest states in India.
واحده من اكبر الولايات في الهند .
was its own country,
كانت مستقله ,
country in the world.
دولة في العالم .
country in Africa, 10 percent.
عدد السكان في افريقيا , 10 في المائه.
in Africa, Senegal.
في افريقيا , السنغال.
contraceptives are rarely available.
وسائل منع الحمل نادرا ما تتوافر.
over and over again
مرارا واتكرارا
is an injectable.
and they go about four times a year,
وياخذونه حوالي 4 مرات في السنه ,
to get their injection.
لياخذوا حقنهم .
is they can hide it from their husbands,
انهم بامكانهم الاختباء من ازواجهم ,
a woman goes into a clinic in Senegal,
تذهب فيها المراه للعياده في السنغال,
to go get her injection.
لتحصل علي حقنها .
sometimes leaves her children,
احيانا تترك اطفالها ,
when it's going to be available again.
متي سيتاح مره اخري .
across the continent of Africa today.
في جميع انحاء افريقيا اليوم .
has become a life-and-death crisis.
اصبحت مشكلة حياة او موت .
who say they don't want to be pregnant
يقولون انهم لا يردون ان يصبحوا حوامل
100,000 women a year.
100.000 امرأه [سنويا]
in the first place,
في البدايه ,
in that first month of life.
في الشهر الاول من حياته.
these mothers and these children.
علي هذه الامهات والاطفال .
we got confused by our own conversation.
حدث خلط لنا بنقاشاتنا .
progress on this issue,
لعمل تثدم في هذه المشكله ,
about what our agenda is.
حول ما هو برنامجنا .
about population control.
عن تحديد النسل
the power to save their lives,
القوة للحفاظ علي ارواحهم ,
the best possible future.
افضل مستقبل ممكن .
in the global health community
في مجتمع الصحه العالمي
better in the future --
افضل في المستقبل --
as you heard earlier, and pneumonia.
كما سمعتم سابقا ,والالتهاب الرئوي .
millions of children a year.
ملايين الاطفال حرفيا .
small plots of land in Africa --
قطع صغيرة من الاراضي في افريقيا --
to feed their children.
لاطعام اطفالهم .
children are educated around the world.
ان الاطفال يتعلمون حول العالم .
and most transformative things we can do
واكثر الامور المغيره التي ممكن ان نفعلها
to birth control methods
لسبل منع الحمل
and all Americans, at some point,
والامريكان , في نفس النقطه ,
about what our agenda is,
حول ما هو برنامجنا ,
waiting to happen
في انتظار ان تتخذ
this totally uncontroversial idea.
الغير مثيره للجدل تماما
I grew up in a Catholic home.
كنت اعيش في بيت كاثوليكي .
a practicing Catholic.
كاثوليكيه متدينه .
and a principal her entire life.
و وهو الرئيسي في حياتها .
as a young girl how to read.
كفتاه صغيره كيف اقرأ
for my entire childhood
طفولتي كلها
a high priority in the school.
الاجتماعيه اولويه عاليه في المدرسه .
that I learned in high school.
التي تعلمتها من المدرسه الثاويه .
to question received teachings.
ان نسال عن التعالسم المعطاه .
and my peers questioned
وزملائي
talking about contraception
حول وسائل منع الحمل
we're going to promote promiscuity.
نحن ندعم الدعاره .
to be asked about contraception --
الطرح حول موانع الحمل
had nothing to do with promiscuity.
لم يجد شئ ليفعله مع الممارسه الغير شرعيه
I wanted to go to college.
انا اريد ان اذهب للكليه.
female computer science graduates
خريجين علم الكمبيوتر النساء الاقلاء
so I went on to business school
لذلك ذهبت لمدرسة التجاره
female executives at Microsoft.
المديرين التنفيذين النساء في Microsoft.
when I left my parents' home
عندما تركت بيت ابوي
to start this new job at Microsoft.
to give me five years of higher education.
لاعطائي خمس سنوات من التعليم العالي .
down the porch at home --
اسفل الشرفه في المنزل --
this great education,
هذا التعليم العظيم ,
and have kids right away,
وانجاب اطفال في الطريق الصحيح ,
that would make me the very happiest.
الذي سيجعلني سعيده جدا .
when I was ready.
عندما اكون مستعده .
exactly sure how to be great parents.
متاكدين بالضبط كيف يكون الوالدين العظماء .
before we had our second child.
قبل ان ننجب ثاني طفل لنا .
that we have three children
ان انجبنا علي ثلاثة اطفال
the very most for my children?
بشده لاطفالي ؟
they want to do in life.
يريدونه في حياتهم.
for the foundation around the world
حول العالم كله
in one called Korogocho --
في الاحياء الفقيره, تحديدا كروجوتشو
"standing shoulder to shoulder."
"الوقوف كتفا بكتف "
that's pictured here.
المصورين هنا .
about their family life in the slums,
عن عائللاتهم في العشوائيات ,
about what they did for birth control.
ما علملو من اجل منع الحمل .
in the red sweater,
مرتديه الرداء الاحمر ,
two-hour conversation
مناقشة ساعتين
every good thing to this child
كل خير لهذا الطفل
every good thing to our children.
to provide every good thing.
علي توفير كل ما هو جيد .
from domestic violence.
عانو من العنف المنزلي .
broach the subject of contraception,
ان يطرحو موضوع منع الحمل ,
who lack basic education.
الذين لم يتلقو التعليم الاساسي .
who do have knowledge and do have power
الذين لديهم عندهم معرفة وقوة
to have smaller families.
يحظوا بعائلة صغيره
for a quarter of a millennium,
لربع الفيه ,
of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
من جنوب الصحراء الكبرى وجنوب آسيا
their family size in the mid-1700s.
حجم عائلاتهم في منتصف 1700
this trend spread all across Europe.
as I learned this history,
كما درست التاريخ ,
lines but around cultural lines.
او الاجتماعي بل المستوي الحضاري .
made that change as a group.
احدثوا تغيرات كمجموعات .
for their family,
لعائلاتهم ,
or whether they were poor.
ام فقراء .
toward smaller families spread
العائلات الصغيره
was driven by an idea --
الذي تسوقه فكرة --
can exercise conscious control
مع مراقبه واعيه
the ability to affect the future,
عندهم القدره علي التاثير علي المستقبل ,
went down every decade
يقل كل عقد
until it stabilized.
حتي استقر .
the contraceptives weren't that good.
لان موانع الحمل لم تكن جيد .
in the 1880s, and it took just 50 years
في 1880, واخذ 50 سنه فقط
to stabilize in this country.
حتي الاسقرار في هذا البلد
the transition started in the 1960s,
التحول بدأ في 1960 ,
because of modern contraception.
بسبب الموانع الحديثه .
it's important to pause for a moment
هناك نقطه مهمه لنتوقف عندها للحظة
such a contentious issue.
مثل هذه القضيه مثير للجدل .
and coercive policies.
والسياسات القهريه.
adopted very specific numeric targets
اعتمدت ارقام محدده جدا
having an IUD placed in their bodies.
الاجهاض .
really smart in this situation.
حقيقتا اذكياء في هذه الحاله .
they got paid six rupees.
وقد دفع لهم 6 روبيه .
and had the IUD removed for one rupee.
وازالو اللولب بواحد روبيه .
were sterilized without their consent.
كانو يعقموا دون موافقتهم .
the Mississippi appendectomy --
استأصال الزائده الدوديه --
were given anesthesia
اعطيت تخدير
without their knowledge.
دون علمهم .
weren't even needed.
لم تكن هناك حاجه لها .
wanted to lower their family size.
ارادو تقليل حجم اسرهم .
again and again,
مرارا وتكرارا
to have smaller families.
have innately different desires.
لدياها شهوة عاليه بالفطرة
they will have fewer children.
سيجعلهم ينجبوا اطفال اقل .
all women get what they want now?
النساء الذين يحتاجون المساعده الان ؟
to some century-long struggle,
طوال القرن ,
was coitus interruptus?
سحب القضيب قبل القذف ؟
it doesn't need justification.
لا يحتاج التبرير .
to bring every good thing to our children
لجلب كل شئ جيد لاطفالنا
I met a young businesswoman,
قابلت سيدة اعمال صغيره ,
out of her home.
خارج المنزل .
would go to the local jeans factory
سيذهبوا لمصنع الجينز المحلي
and resell them.
وتبيعها .
she had three children,
بقد كان عندها ثلاثة اطفال ,
having children after their third one.
بعد طفلهم الثالث .
she simply said,
هي قالت ببساطه ,
my business if I had another child."
لو انجبت طفل اخر . "
that she was getting out of her business
من عملها
an education to all three of her children.
التعليم لابنائها الثلاثه .
about her family's future.
عن مستقبل عائلتها .
of men and women have gone through.
من الرجال والنساء .
that they have it exactly right.
حسبوها صح
more opportunities
فرص اكثر
over when they have them.
للوقت الذي ينجبوا فيه .
on over 180,000 inhabitants since 1963.
علي حوالي 180,000 ساكن منذ عام 1963.
pieces of research that's been running.
الاجزاء في البحث بداءت
were chosen to get contraceptives.
اختيروا للحصول علي موانع الحمل .
and access to contraception.
والوصول لموانع الحمل .
following those villages,
بتتبعنا لهذه القري ,
quality of life than their neighbors.
مستوي معيشي افضل من جيرانهم .
to die in childbirth.
الوفيات اثناء الولاده .
to die in the first thirty days of life.
الوفيات في الشهر الاول للاطفال اقل .
things like livestock or land or savings.
مثل المواشي او الاراضي او المدخرات .
had more schooling.
كانو اكثر ذهابا للمدرسه .
of effects over millions of families,
علي مدار ملايين العائلات ,
economic development.
economic miracle of the 1980s --
الاقتصاد الاسيوي عام 1980 تقريا --
of economic growth across that region
لنمو الاقتصاد علي هذا النطاق
towards smaller families.
لتصغير الاسر .
at the individual family level --
تبدا في مستوي الاسر الفرديه --
about what's best for their children.
ما هو الافضل لاطفالهم .
and that decision,
ويتخذو ا هذا القرار
regional and national trends.
الاقليميه والوطنيه .
are given the opportunity
افريقيا هذه الفرصه
a virtuous cycle of development
لدورة تنمية فعاله
build a better future.
لبناء مستقبل افضل .
have the opportunity
كل البشر بحق فرصة
to the full variety of methods.
علي الوصول اليها .
that women want.
عندما تحتاجه النساء .
both rich and poor governments alike
الحكومات الغنيه والفقيره
in this room and globally,
من هذه الغرفه وعالمين ,
of millions of families
to contraception today
الوصول الي موانع الحمل اليوم
their lives if they did have access.
حياتهم لو استطاعوا الوصول له .
and the members of her women's group
واعضاء فريقها
out amongst themselves and in public,
وعلي الملأ,
to bring every good thing to our children.
ان نأتي بكل شئ جيد لاطفالنا .
and everything else.
say something to the effect of,
تقول شيئا للتاثير ,
about the population issue anymore.
عدد السكان ثانيتا .
naturally all over the world.
طبيعيا في العالم كله .
at nine or 10 billion. And that's it."
في 9-10 مليار , فقط "
at the statistics across Africa,
الاحصائات حول افريقيا ,
though, from a different lens.
بطريقة مختلفة
from the ground upwards.
من اعلي السطح
we got ourselves in so much trouble
التي تجعلنا نضع نفسنا في مشكله كبيرة
population numbers over time.
اعاد السكان م الوقت .
Yes, we need to make the right choices.
نعم , نحتاج ان نتخذ الاختيار الصحيح .
at the family level.
علي مستوي العائلات .
and letting them choose what to do
بالوصول والاختيار عن ماذا يريدون ان يفعلو
that we have seen globally --
التي تراها في المجتمع --
places in South Asia and Afghanistan.
في جنوب اسيا وافغانستان .
around the world
حول العالم
lives and empowering women and so on.
الحياه وتقوية المرأه وهكذا .
is going to increase the likelihood
انه سيزيد من احتمال
that sex is absolutely sacred.
ان الجنس مقدس تماما .
and it's sacred in the United States,
والولايات المتحده ,
and so many places around the world.
وكذلك العديد من الاماكن في العالم
in my country who are sexually experienced
لديهم خبره جسنيه
doesn't make sex any less sacred.
to make choices about their lives.
يتخذون قرارات في حياتهم .
the sacredness of the family
قدسية الاسره
by saving their lives.
بحفظ حياتهم .
doing to promote this issue?
الذي تدعمي بيه هذه القضيه ؟
and people listening on the web --
وعلي الانترنت --
join the conversation.
ان يشتركوا في النقاش.
Join the conversation.
اشتركوا في النقاش.
has either changed your life
لحياتكم
of people saying, "This makes sense.
"الامرمعقول .
no matter where they live."
لا يهم ان يعيشوا ."
that we're going to do
اء التي سوف نصنعها
a whole host of African nations,
وكل الدول الافريقية المنظمة,
on the global health agenda.
جدول اعمال الصحه العالميه .
from the bottom up with governments
تصاعديا مع الحكومات
want the tool, they have it,
يحتاجون هذه الاداة , يحصلوا عليها
lots of options available
عدة اختيارات ممكنه
their local healthcare worker
عمال الرعايه الصحيه المدنيه
of those nuns who taught you at school
الراهبات الذين علموكي في المدرسه
this TED Talk at some point.
الحديث في وقت ما .
or are they cheering you on?
ام انهم سيشجعوك ؟
to see the TED Talk
سيروا هذا الحديث
and I plan to send it to them.
واخطط اني سارسله لهم .
were incredibly progressive.
كانت تقدميه شكل لا يصدق .
about social justice and service.
عن العداله الاجتماعيه والخدميه .
incredibly passionate about this issue
عاطفيا بشكل لا يصدق حول هذه المسألة
in the developing world.
في العالم النامي .
has become very close to heart
قريب جدا لقلب
and they are so often voiceless.
و في كثير من الاحيان هم صامتون .
they should have access.
يجب ان يكون لهم حرية الوصول .
what I've learned from them
ما تعلمت منهم
that I've already done at the foundation.
انا فعلت ذلك اساسا.
today an amazing group of speakers
جمعتوا اليوم مجموعه مذهله من المتحدثين
I have so many follow-up questions.
لدي الكثير من الاسئله المتابعه.
of this work is a journey.
كان رحله .
about the journey through energy,
عن رحلة الطاقه,
on this platform?"
on these development issues,
علي تنمية هذه المشاكل ,
You learn by trying and making mistakes.
انت تتعلم بالمحاولة والاخطاء ,
that helps lead to the answer
يساعد علي الوصول للاجابه
that can help you answer it.
الذي يمكن ان يساعدك لتجاوب هذا.
for the panelists from today.
لاعضاء الفريق اليوم .
all of us on this journey with you.
لهذه الرحله معك .
MG: Great. Thanks, Chris.
MG : عظيم . شكرا , كريس
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Melinda Gates - PhilanthropistMelinda French Gates is co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where she puts into practice the idea that every life has equal value.
Why you should listen
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation works to help all people lead healthy, productive lives. As co-chair, Melinda French Gates helps shape and approve strategies, review results, advocate for foundation issues and set the overall direction. In developing countries, the foundation focuses on improving people's health with vaccines and other life-saving tools and giving them a chance to lift themselves out of hunger and extreme poverty. In the United States, it seeks to dramatically improve education so that all young people have the opportunity to reach their full potential. Based in Seattle, Washington, the foundation is led by CEO Jeff Raikes and co-chair William H. Gates Sr., under the direction of Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett.
In recent years, Melinda French Gates has become a vocal advocate for access to contraception, advancing the idea that empowering women to decide whether and when to have children can have transformational effects on societies. In 2012, Gates spearheaded the London Summit on Family Planning, with the goal of delivering contraceptives to 120 million women in developing countries by 2020. When asked why she got involved in this issue, Gates said, "We knew that 210 million women were saying they wanted access to the contraceptives we have here in the United States and we weren't providing them because of political controversy in our country. To me, that was just a crime. I kept looking around trying to find the person to get this back on the global stage. I realized I just had to do it."
Melinda Gates | Speaker | TED.com