ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneur
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities.

Why you should listen

Damon Horowitz is a philosophy professor and serial entrepreneur. He recently joined Google as In-House Philosopher / Director of Engineering, heading development of several initiatives involving social and search. He came to Google from Aardvark, the social search engine, where he was co-founder and CTO, overseeing product development and research strategy. Prior to Aardvark, Horowitz built several companies around applications of intelligent language processing. He co-founded Perspecta (acquired by Excite), was lead architect for Novation Biosciences (acquired by Agilent), and co-founded NewsDB (now Daylife).

Horowitz teaches courses in philosophy, cognitive science, and computer science at several institutions, including Stanford, NYU, University of Pennsylvania and San Quentin State Prison.

Get more information on the Prison University Project >>

More profile about the speaker
Damon Horowitz | Speaker | TED.com
TED2011

Damon Horowitz: Philosophy in prison

Damon Horowitz : Philosophie en prison

Filmed:
1,417,089 views

Damon Horowitz enseigne la philosophie dans le cadre du Prison University Project, qui apporte des cours de niveau universitaire à des détenus de la Prison d'État de Saint Quentin. Dans ce bref et puissant exposé, il raconte l'histoire d'une rencontre avec le bien et le mal qui devient vite personnelle.
- Philosopher, entrepreneur
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Meet Tony. He's my student.
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Voici Tony. C'est mon étudiant.
00:17
He's about my age,
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Il a à peu près mon âge,
00:19
and he's in San Quentin State Prison.
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et il est à la prison d'état de San Quentin.
00:22
When Tony was 16 years old,
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Quand Tony avait 16 ans,
00:25
one day, one moment,
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un jour, à un moment,
00:28
"It was mom's gun.
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"C'était l'arme de maman.
00:30
Just flash it, scare the guy. He's a punk.
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Je vais la sortir, lui faire peur. C'est un minable.
00:32
He took some money; we'll take his money. That'll teach him.
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Il a pris de l'argent ; on va lui prendre son argent. Ça lui apprendra.
00:34
Then last minute, I'm thinking, 'Can't do this. This is wrong.'
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A la dernière minute, je me dis, "Je peux pas faire ça, C'est mal."
00:37
My buddy says, 'C'mon, let's do this.'
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Mon pote me dit: "Allez, on le fait."
00:39
I say, 'Let's do this.'"
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Je dis: "On le fait.""
00:44
And those three words, Tony's going to remember,
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Ces trois mots, Tony va s'en rappeler,
00:46
because the next thing he knows, he hears the pop.
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parce que d'un coup, il entend le coup de feu.
00:48
There's the punk on the ground, puddle of blood.
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Le minable est par terre, dans une mare de sang.
00:50
And that's felony murder --
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C'est un meurtre avec intention criminelle,
00:52
25 to life, parole at 50 if you're lucky,
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entre 25 ans et perpétuité, libération sur parole à 50 ans avec de la chance,
00:54
and Tony's not feeling very lucky.
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et Tony n'a pas l'impression d'avoir beaucoup de chance.
00:57
So when we meet in my philosophy class in his prison
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Alors quand nous nous rencontrons dans sa prison à mon cours de philosophie
01:00
and I say, "In this class, we will discuss the foundations of ethics,"
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et que je dis: "Dans ce cours, nous discuterons des bases de l'éthique,"
01:04
Tony interrupts me.
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Tony m'interrompt.
01:06
"What are you going to teach me about right and wrong?
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"Qu'est-ce que tu vas m'apprendre sur le bien et le mal?
01:08
I know what is wrong. I have done wrong.
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Je sais ce qui est mal. J'ai fait du mal.
01:11
I am told every day,
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on me le dit tous les jours,
01:13
by every face I see, every wall I face, that I am wrong.
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tous les visages que je vois, tous les murs en face de moi.
01:16
If I ever get out of here, there will always be a mark by my name.
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Si un jour je sors d'ici, il y aura une marque à côté de mon nom.
01:19
I'm a convict; I am branded 'wrong.'
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Je suis un détenu ; je suis marqué comme étant mauvais.
01:21
What are you going to tell me about right and wrong?"
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Qu'est-ce que tu vas m'apprendre sur le bien et le mal?"
01:24
So I say to Tony,
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Alors, je lui réponds :
01:27
"Sorry, but it's worse than you think.
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"Désolé, mais c'est pire que ce que tu penses.
01:30
You think you know right and wrong?
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Tu crois que tu sais ce qui est bien et mal?
01:32
Then can you tell me what wrong is?
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Alors tu peux me dire ce que c'est que le mal?
01:34
No, don't just give me an example.
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Non, ne te contente pas de me donner un exemple.
01:36
I want to know about wrongness itself, the idea of wrong.
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Je veux savoir ce qu'est le mal en lui-même, l'idée du mal.
01:39
What is that idea?
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Qu'est-ce que cette idée-là ?
01:41
What makes something wrong?
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Qu'est-ce qui fait que quelque chose est mal ?
01:43
How do we know that it's wrong? Maybe you and I disagree.
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Comment savons-nous que c'est mal ? Toi et moi ne sommes peut-être pas d'accord.
01:46
Maybe one of us is wrong about the wrong.
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Un de nous deux se trompe peut-être sur le mal.
01:48
Maybe it's you, maybe it's me -- but we're not here to trade opinions;
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C'est peut-être toi, c'est peut-être moi, mais nous ne sommes pas là
01:50
everyone's got an opinion.
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pour échanger des opinions ; tout le monde a une opinion.
01:52
We are here for knowledge.
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Nous sommes là pour la connaissance.
01:54
Our enemy is thoughtlessness. This is philosophy."
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Notre ennemi est le manque de réflexion. C'est ça la philosophie."
01:58
And something changes for Tony.
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Et quelque chose change pour Tony.
02:03
"Could be I'm wrong. I'm tired of being wrong.
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"Peut-être que j'ai tort. J'en ai marre d'avoir tort.
02:06
I want to know what is wrong.
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Je veux savoir ce qui est mal.
02:08
I want to know what I know."
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Je veux savoir ce que je sais."
02:10
What Tony sees in that moment is the project of philosophy,
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Ce que Tony voit à ce moment-là, c'est le projet de la philosophie,
02:13
the project that begins in wonder --
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le projet qui commence par l'émerveillement,
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what Kant called "admiration and awe
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ce que Kant appelle "l'admiration et la crainte
02:17
at the starry sky above and the moral law within."
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devant le ciel étoilé au-dessus de moi et la loi morale en moi."
02:20
What can creatures like us know of such things?
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Qu'est-ce que des créatures comme nous peuvent savoir de ces choses-là ?
02:22
It is the project that always takes us back to the condition of existence --
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C'est le projet qui nous ramène toujours à la condition de l'existence,
02:25
what Heidegger called "the always already there."
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ce qu'Heidegger appelle "ce qui est toujours là".
02:28
It is the project of questioning what we believe and why we believe it --
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C'est le projet de questionner ce en quoi nous croyons et pourquoi nous y croyons,
02:31
what Socrates called "the examined life."
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ce que Socrate appelle "la vie examinée".
02:33
Socrates, a man wise enough to know that he knows nothing.
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Socrate, un homme assez sage pour savoir qu'il sait qu'il ne sait rien.
02:36
Socrates died in prison,
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Socrate est mort en prison,
02:39
his philosophy intact.
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sa philosophie intacte.
02:42
So Tony starts doing his homework.
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Alors Tony commence à faire ses devoirs.
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He learns his whys and wherefores, his causes and correlations,
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Il apprend ses pourquois et ses comments, ses causes et ses corrélations,
02:46
his logic, his fallacies.
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sa logique, ses erreurs de logique.
02:48
Turns out, Tony's got the philosophy muscle.
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Il s'avère que Tony a la bosse de la philosophie.
02:50
His body is in prison, but his mind is free.
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Son corps est en prison, mais son esprit est libre.
02:52
Tony learns about the ontologically promiscuous,
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Tony apprend l'anxiété ontologique,
02:54
the epistemologically anxious,
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l'anxiété épistémologique,
02:56
the ethically dubious, the metaphysically ridiculous.
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le doute éthique, le ridicule métaphysique.
02:59
That's Plato, Descartes, Nietzsche
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C'est Platon, Descartes, Nietzsche
03:01
and Bill Clinton.
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et Bill Clinton.
03:03
So when he gives me his final paper,
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Et quand il me donne sa dernière dissertation,
03:06
in which he argues that the categorical imperative
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dans laquelle il prétend que l’impératif catégorique
03:08
is perhaps too uncompromising
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est peut-être trop intransigeant
03:10
to deal with the conflict that affects our everyday
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pour traiter du conflit qui affecte notre quotidien
03:12
and challenges me to tell him
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et me met au défi de lui dire
03:14
whether therefore we are condemned to moral failure,
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si nous sommes par conséquent condamnés à l'échec moral,
03:16
I say, "I don't know.
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Je lui dis: "Je ne sais pas.
03:18
Let us think about that."
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Réfléchissons-y."
03:20
Because in that moment, there's no mark by Tony's name;
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Parce qu'à ce moment-là, il n'y a pas de marque à côté du nom de Tony ;
03:22
it's just the two of us standing there.
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il n'y a que nous deux.
03:24
It is not professor and convict,
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Ce n'est pas un professeur et un détenu,
03:26
it is just two minds ready to do philosophy.
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ce ne sont que deux esprits prêts à philosopher.
03:28
And I say to Tony,
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Je dis à Tony :
03:30
"Let's do this."
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"On le fait."
03:33
Thank you.
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Merci.
03:35
(Applause)
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(Applaudissements)
Translated by Elisabeth Buffard
Reviewed by Felix Amyot

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneur
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities.

Why you should listen

Damon Horowitz is a philosophy professor and serial entrepreneur. He recently joined Google as In-House Philosopher / Director of Engineering, heading development of several initiatives involving social and search. He came to Google from Aardvark, the social search engine, where he was co-founder and CTO, overseeing product development and research strategy. Prior to Aardvark, Horowitz built several companies around applications of intelligent language processing. He co-founded Perspecta (acquired by Excite), was lead architect for Novation Biosciences (acquired by Agilent), and co-founded NewsDB (now Daylife).

Horowitz teaches courses in philosophy, cognitive science, and computer science at several institutions, including Stanford, NYU, University of Pennsylvania and San Quentin State Prison.

Get more information on the Prison University Project >>

More profile about the speaker
Damon Horowitz | Speaker | TED.com

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