TED2011
Damon Horowitz: Philosophy in prison
Damon Horowitz: Filozofija u zatvoru
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Damon Horowitz predaje filozofiju kroz Projekt zatvorskog sveučilišta dovodeći fakultetsku razinu predavanja stanarima državnog zatvora San Quentin. U ovom moćnom kratkom govoru, priča o susretu dobra i zla koje brzo postaje osobno.
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneur
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities. Full bio
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Meet Tony. He's my student.
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Upoznajte Tonyja. On je moj student.
00:17
He's about my age,
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Mojih je godina
00:19
and he's in San Quentin State Prison.
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i u državnom je zatvoru u San Quentinu.
00:22
When Tony was 16 years old,
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Kada je Tony imao 16 godina,
00:25
one day, one moment,
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jednog dana, jedan trenutak,
00:28
"It was mom's gun.
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„To je bio mamin pištolj.
00:30
Just flash it, scare the guy. He's a punk.
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Samo trenutak, da uplašimo tipa. On je nezreo.
00:32
He took some money; we'll take his money. That'll teach him.
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Uzeo je nešto novca; mi ćemo uzeti njegov novac. To će ga naučiti.
00:34
Then last minute, I'm thinking, 'Can't do this. This is wrong.'
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Onda zadnju minutu, pomišljam, ne mogu ovo učiniti. To je pogrešno.
00:37
My buddy says, 'C'mon, let's do this.'
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Moj prijatelj kaže: „Hajde, učinimo to“.
00:39
I say, 'Let's do this.'"
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Ja kažem: „Učinimo to.“
00:44
And those three words, Tony's going to remember,
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I te dvije riječi Tony će pamtiti
00:46
because the next thing he knows, he hears the pop.
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zato što sljedeće što zna, čuje pucanj.
00:48
There's the punk on the ground, puddle of blood.
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Tip je na podu, lokva krvi.
00:50
And that's felony murder --
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I to je ubojstvo --
00:52
25 to life, parole at 50 if you're lucky,
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25 do doživotne, uvjetna s 50 ako imate sreće,
00:54
and Tony's not feeling very lucky.
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a Tony se ne osjeća veoma sretnim.
00:57
So when we meet in my philosophy class in his prison
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Dakle, kada smo se upoznali na mom predavanju filozofije u njegovom zatvoru
01:00
and I say, "In this class, we will discuss the foundations of ethics,"
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i kad sam rekao, „Na ovom ćemo predavanju, raspravljati o osnovama etike“,
01:04
Tony interrupts me.
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Tony me prekida.
01:06
"What are you going to teach me about right and wrong?
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„O čemu ćete me učiti, o ispravnom i pogrešnom?
01:08
I know what is wrong. I have done wrong.
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Znam što je pogrešno. Učinio sam pogrešno.
01:11
I am told every day,
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Svakog dana mi je rečeno,
01:13
by every face I see, every wall I face, that I am wrong.
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na svakom licu koje vidim, svakom zidu koji srećem, da sam pogriješio.
01:16
If I ever get out of here, there will always be a mark by my name.
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Ako ikada izađem odavde, moje ime će zauvijek biti obilježeno.
01:19
I'm a convict; I am branded 'wrong.'
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Ja sam osuđenik; ja sam označen kao 'grešan'.
01:21
What are you going to tell me about right and wrong?"
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Što ćete mi vi reći o ispravnom i pogrešnom?“
01:24
So I say to Tony,
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Rekao sam Tonyju,
01:27
"Sorry, but it's worse than you think.
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„Oprosti, ali gore je no što misliš.
01:30
You think you know right and wrong?
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Misliš da raspoznaješ dobro i loše?
01:32
Then can you tell me what wrong is?
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Možeš li mi onda reći što je to loše?
01:34
No, don't just give me an example.
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Ne, nemoj mi samo dati primjer.
01:36
I want to know about wrongness itself, the idea of wrong.
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Želim znati o samoj nepravednosti, o ideji pogrešnog.
01:39
What is that idea?
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Koja je ideja?
01:41
What makes something wrong?
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Što čini nešto pogrešnim?
01:43
How do we know that it's wrong? Maybe you and I disagree.
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Kako znamo da je to pogrešno? Možda se ti i ja ne slažemo.
01:46
Maybe one of us is wrong about the wrong.
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Možda je jedan od nas pogriješio o pogrešnom.
01:48
Maybe it's you, maybe it's me -- but we're not here to trade opinions;
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Možda si ti, možda sam ja -- ali nismo ovdje da bi razmjenjivali mišljenja;
01:50
everyone's got an opinion.
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svatko ima mišljenje.
01:52
We are here for knowledge.
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Ovdje smo zbog znanja.
01:54
Our enemy is thoughtlessness. This is philosophy."
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Naš neprijatelj je nepromišljenost. Ovo je filozofija.“
01:58
And something changes for Tony.
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I nešto se mijenja kod Tonyja.
02:03
"Could be I'm wrong. I'm tired of being wrong.
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„Moguće je da nisam u pravu. Dosta mi je biti u krivu.
02:06
I want to know what is wrong.
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Želim znati što je pogrešno.
02:08
I want to know what I know."
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Želim znati što znam.“
02:10
What Tony sees in that moment is the project of philosophy,
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Što Tony u tom trenutku vidi je zamisao filozofije,
02:13
the project that begins in wonder --
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zamisao koja počinje u čuđenju --
02:15
what Kant called "admiration and awe
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što je Kant nazvao „divljenje i strahopoštovanje
02:17
at the starry sky above and the moral law within."
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prema zvjezdanom nebu iznad nas i moralni zakon unutar njega.“
02:20
What can creatures like us know of such things?
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Što stvorenja poput nas znaju o takvim stvarima?
02:22
It is the project that always takes us back to the condition of existence --
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To je zamisao koja nas uvijek vraća do uvjeta za opstanak --
02:25
what Heidegger called "the always already there."
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što je Heidegger nazvao „uvijek već tamo.“
02:28
It is the project of questioning what we believe and why we believe it --
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To je zamisao preispitivanja u što vjerujemo i zašto vjerujemo --
02:31
what Socrates called "the examined life."
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što Sokrat zove „pregledani život“.
02:33
Socrates, a man wise enough to know that he knows nothing.
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Sokrat, čovjek dovoljno mudar da bi znao da ne zna ništa.
02:36
Socrates died in prison,
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Sokrat je umro u zatvoru,
02:39
his philosophy intact.
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filozofija mu je netaknuta.
02:42
So Tony starts doing his homework.
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Stoga Tony počinje raditi svoju domaću zadaću.
02:44
He learns his whys and wherefores, his causes and correlations,
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Uči zašto i zbog čega, svoje razloge i odnose,
02:46
his logic, his fallacies.
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svoju logiku, svoje zablude.
02:48
Turns out, Tony's got the philosophy muscle.
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Ispada da Tony ima filozofski mišić.
02:50
His body is in prison, but his mind is free.
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Tijelo mu je u zatvoru, ali um mu je slobodan.
02:52
Tony learns about the ontologically promiscuous,
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Tony uči o ontološkom promiskuitetu,
02:54
the epistemologically anxious,
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o epistemološkoj tjeskobi,
02:56
the ethically dubious, the metaphysically ridiculous.
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etičkoj neizvjesnosti, metafizičkoj ludosti.
02:59
That's Plato, Descartes, Nietzsche
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To su Platon, Descartes, Nietzsche
03:01
and Bill Clinton.
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i Bill Clinton.
03:03
So when he gives me his final paper,
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Kada mi daje svoj konačan rad
03:06
in which he argues that the categorical imperative
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u kojem raspravlja o tome da je kategorički imperativ
03:08
is perhaps too uncompromising
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možda previše beskompromisan
03:10
to deal with the conflict that affects our everyday
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da bi se bavio kofliktom koji utječe na našu svakodnevicu
03:12
and challenges me to tell him
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i izaziva me da li da mu kažem
03:14
whether therefore we are condemned to moral failure,
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jesmo li stoga osuđeni na moralni neuspjeh,
03:16
I say, "I don't know.
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ja kažem, „Ne znam.
03:18
Let us think about that."
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Daj da razmislimo o tome.“
03:20
Because in that moment, there's no mark by Tony's name;
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Jer u tom trenu, Tonyjevo ime nije obilježeno;
03:22
it's just the two of us standing there.
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samo nas dvoje stojimo tamo.
03:24
It is not professor and convict,
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To nisu profesor i osuđenik,
03:26
it is just two minds ready to do philosophy.
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to su samo dva uma spremna za filozofiju.
03:28
And I say to Tony,
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I kažem Tonyju,
03:30
"Let's do this."
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„Učinimo to.“
03:33
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
03:35
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneurDamon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities.
Why you should listen
Damon Horowitz is a philosophy professor and serial entrepreneur. He recently joined Google as In-House Philosopher / Director of Engineering, heading development of several initiatives involving social and search. He came to Google from Aardvark, the social search engine, where he was co-founder and CTO, overseeing product development and research strategy. Prior to Aardvark, Horowitz built several companies around applications of intelligent language processing. He co-founded Perspecta (acquired by Excite), was lead architect for Novation Biosciences (acquired by Agilent), and co-founded NewsDB (now Daylife).
Horowitz teaches courses in philosophy, cognitive science, and computer science at several institutions, including Stanford, NYU, University of Pennsylvania and San Quentin State Prison.
Get more information on the Prison University Project >>
Damon Horowitz | Speaker | TED.com