Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala: How Africa can keep rising
נגוזי אוקונג'ו-איבילה: איך אפריקה יכולה להמשיך לעלות
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is being challenged.
ניצב בפני אתגר.
I spoke about an Africa,
that you normally hear about
as the narrative of the rising Africa.
כנרטיב של אפריקה העולה.
about this rising Africa.
על אפריקה העולה הזו.
through many trials and tribulations.
the technology hub, or a technology hub
למרכז הטכנולוגיה ביבשת.
and hilly terrain,
to deliver services to people.
it's going to try using drones
vaccines and blood
חיסונים ודם,
a company called Zipline,
a global vaccine alliance.
ברית עולמית לחיסונים.
we want to see in the rising Africa.
שאנו רוצים לראות באפריקה העולה.
have seen or will remember.
suffer drought and floods,
סובלות מבצורת ושטפונות,
because of climate change effects.
for international appeals to raise money.
לפניות בינלאומיות לגיוס כספים.
with flies on their faces,
עם זבובים על פניהם,
32 countries, came together
called the African Risk Capacity.
הסמכות האפריקאית לסיכונים.
is to pay insurance each year,
of their own resources,
a difficult drought situation or flood,
to take care of their populations,
כדי לטפל באוכלוסייתם,
last year paid 26 million dollars
26 מיליון דולר למאוריטניה, סנגל וניז'ר.
of 1.3 million people affected by drought.
שנפגעו מבצורת.
feed children in school
להאכיל ילדים בבתי-הספר,
instead of migrating out of the area.
במקום מגוריהם, מבלי שינדדו הרחק משם.
to take responsibility for itself,
for its own problems.
been doing well in the last two years.
at five percent per annum
היא צמחה בקצב של 5% לשנה,
was three percent. Why?
למה?
commodity prices have fallen.
מחירי הסחורות נפלו.
are still commodity driven,
performance has slipped.
doesn't make it any easier.
(פרישת הממלכה המאוחדת מהאיחוד האירופי)
that would cause global uncertainty
that the African countries did right?
and learn lessons
that I think we did right.
our economies better.
when Africa was not doing well,
בהן אפריקה לא שגשגה,
an "Economist" cover
קובעי המדיניות למדו
the macroeconomic environment better,
את הסביבה המאקרו-כלכלית,
below three percent of GDP,
מתחת ל-3% מהתמ"ג,
מבית ומחוץ,
to invest in these economies.
להשקיע בכלכלות הללו.
of African countries was 130 percent,
במדינות אפריקניות היה 130%,
to invest in their development
כדי להשקיע בפיתוח,
who worked to support African countries
כדי לתמוך בשמיטת חובות
and bilaterals came together
חברו יחד
Poor Countries Initiative
למדינות עניות בחוב גדול,
fall down to about 30 percent,
את יחס החוב לתמ"ג,
to try and reinvest.
loss-making enterprises.
they were making losses.
were restructured,
less of a burden on government.
was a very interesting thing.
mobile lines on the continent.
קווים ניידים ביבשת.
with some mobile technology
of mobile money --
have heard about --
to notice that Africa was ahead
is also providing a platform
for cards for their telephone.
something that went right.
in education and health, not enough,
in the last one and a half decades.
that conflicts decreased.
on the continent.
even managed to dampen some coups.
הצליחו אפילו להרגיע כמה הפיכות.
and I'll refer to those later.
ואדבר עליהם בהמשך.
some differentiation on the continent
יש גם הבדלים בתוך היבשת
the doom and gloom is here,
Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Ethiopia,
חוף השנהב, קניה, אתיופיה,
relatively well at the moment.
שפועלות כרגע יחסית יפה.
more things wrong than right.
we didn't create enough jobs.
לא ייצרנו מספיק עבודות.
is about 15 percent,
the quality of growth was not good enough.
שאיכות הצמיחה לא היתה די טובה.
were low-productivity jobs,
from low-productivity agriculture
and working in the informal sector
במסחר ובמגזר הבלתי-פורמלי,
is that inequality increased.
75 million people on the continent.
מ-75 מיליון איש העניים ביבשת.
that's the fourth thing -- did decrease,
because of population growth.
בשל הגידול באוכלוסייה.
of a dialogue about on the continent.
to get a handle on it,
on this particular issue.
enough in infrastructure.
but it's not enough.
אבל זה לא מספיק.
in Africa on the continent
is equivalent to Spain.
is equivalent to that of Spain.
Development Bank said recently,
בנק הפיתוח האפריקאי,
retain the same structure
has not changed very much.
It's exporting jobs.
זה ייצוא עבודות.
is only 11 percent.
decent manufacturing jobs for our youth,
עבור הצעירים שלנו,
is among ourselves.
and I think this gives way for corruption.
וזה, לדעתי, פותח פתח לשחיתות.
yet gotten a good enough handle on,
in the way we manage our economies
בה אנו מנהלים את הכלכלות שלנו,
in my country, Nigeria,
with international partners,
to fight this together.
we want for a rising Africa.
in many countries are broken.
במדינות רבות.
needed for the future.
to educate better.
that we are not doing right.
is to learn to manage success.
צריך ללמוד לנהל את ההצלחה.
or countries succeed,
is vital for us.
keep doing it right.
להמשיך לעשות אותם נכון.
creating stability is vital,
תוך כדי שמירה על היציבות.
and policy consistency.
ולשמור על עקביות במדיניות.
policies that were there before.
כולל מדיניות שעבדה.
for people, for households,
the success we had in reducing our debt,
שהיתה לנו בהפחתת החוב שלנו,
are back to borrowing again,
ששוב לוקחות הלוואות,
beginning to creep up,
מתחיל לטפס,
so we have to avoid that.
אז אנחנו חייבים למנוע את זה.
is focusing with a laser beam
they have to invest in this,
שהן צריכות להשקיע בכך.
the best they can to do that.
את המדינות שלנו לשקופות.
engage our young people.
לערב את הצעירים שלנו.
in the morning and feel ready to go.
ולהרגיש שאני מוכנה לעבוד.
the genius of our young people,
את הגאונות של הצעירים שלנו,
support them to create and innovate
לתמוך ביצירה וביוזמה שלהם,
in the right direction.
בכיוון הנכון.
that girls and women are a gift.
שנשים ובנות הן מתנה.
contribute to the continent.
that when we do all of these things,
if we unleash our youth,
אם נשחרר את הנוער שלנו,
in the audience,
אנשי העסקים כאן בקהל,
is not for tomorrow,
היא לא למחר,
it's a longer term thing.
זה משהו לטווח הארוך יותר.
emerging opportunities in the world.
corruption in your talk,
as a strong anticorruption fighter.
and your mother was kidnapped.
ואמא שלך נחטפה.
It's been very difficult.
זה היה קשה מאוד.
the issue of the kidnap of my mother.
is that when you fight corruption,
of people who are stealing money,
is when they try to intimidate you,
כשהם מנסים להפחיד אותך,
to stay on and fight back?
with the teams I worked with
עם הצוותים איתם עבדתי,
שימנעו מהאנשים האלה
the heritage of the future.
we continued to make that point.
המשכנו לנקוט בקו הזה.
nobody is going to fight corruption
אף אחד לא יילחם בשחיתות במקומנו,
that comes with consequences,
for giving us a voice
על כך שנתתם לנו את הקול
אתם לא תנצחו.
for your great talk and important work.
ועל העבודה החשובה שלך.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala - EconomistNgozi Okonjo-Iweala is a respected global economist.
Why you should listen
Okonjo-Iweala was the Finance Minister of Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy, from 2003 to 2006, and then briefly the country’s Foreign Affairs Minister, the first woman to hold either position. From 2011 to 2015 she was again named Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister for the Economy of Nigeria. Between those terms, from 2007 to 2011, she was one of the managing director of the World Bank and a candidate to the organization’s presidency. She is now a senior advisor at financial advisory and asset management firm Lazard, and she chairs the Board of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. At the World Bank, she worked for change in Africa and assistance for low-income countries. As Finance Minister, she attacked corruption to make Nigeria more transparent and desirable for investment and jobs, an activism that attracted criticism from circles opposed to reform.
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala | Speaker | TED.com