Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala: How Africa can keep rising
ンゴジ・オコンジョ=イウェアラ: アフリカが躍進を継続させる方法
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
is being challenged.
異議が唱えられています
I spoke about an Africa,
ある話をしました
that you normally hear about
かけ離れたアフリカの話でした
as the narrative of the rising Africa.
展開したのです
about this rising Africa.
2つのストーリーをご紹介します
through many trials and tribulations.
the technology hub, or a technology hub
なろうと決断しました
and hilly terrain,
to deliver services to people.
かなり厳しい条件の多い地形です
it's going to try using drones
vaccines and blood
人命救助にあたる計画をたて
a company called Zipline,
宅配業者のUPS
a global vaccine alliance.
手を組むことにより
we want to see in the rising Africa.
イノベーションの一例です
have seen or will remember.
記憶にある話です
suffer drought and floods,
災害に悩まされ
because of climate change effects.
災害の発生頻度も増えています
for international appeals to raise money.
支援を求めるわけです
with flies on their faces,
はご覧になられたと思います
32 countries, came together
–実際は32ヶ国ですが–
called the African Risk Capacity.
という組織を立ち上げました
is to pay insurance each year,
of their own resources,
a difficult drought situation or flood,
to take care of their populations,
last year paid 26 million dollars
に給付し
of 1.3 million people affected by drought.
援助が行われました
feed children in school
子供達には給食を支給し
instead of migrating out of the area.
地域外への流出を防ぎました
to take responsibility for itself,
自己責任を持って
for its own problems.
なったことを示しています
異議が唱えられています
been doing well in the last two years.
停滞しています
at five percent per annum
was three percent. Why?
それは何故なのでしょう?
commodity prices have fallen.
商品市場が下落しているからです
are still commodity driven,
資源の輸出で補われています
performance has slipped.
doesn't make it any easier.
下落に拍車をかけました
とは予測しておらず
that would cause global uncertainty
that the African countries did right?
何を間違えたかを
and learn lessons
that I think we did right.
説明します
our economies better.
when Africa was not doing well,
アフリカ経済は苦しんでいました
an "Economist" cover
覚えている人もいるかと思いますが
宣告されました
政策立案者たちは
the macroeconomic environment better,
必要だと気がつきました
below three percent of GDP,
安定した環境を提供することで
to invest in these economies.
信用を高める
of African countries was 130 percent,
負債対GDPの比率が130%
to invest in their development
who worked to support African countries
and bilaterals came together
債権提供者が合同となり
Poor Countries Initiative
fall down to about 30 percent,
約30%まで引き下げることにより
to try and reinvest.
余裕を生み出す事に成功しました
loss-making enterprises.
they were making losses.
損失を出していました
were restructured,
一部の企業は廃業させました
less of a burden on government.
政府の負担も軽減しました
was a very interesting thing.
なかったのが
mobile lines on the continent.
携帯通信回線が普及しています
with some mobile technology
アフリカが先端の位置付けにいます
of mobile money --
have heard about --
送金決済サービス)はご存知ですよね
to notice that Africa was ahead
アフリカが先頭にいることは
is also providing a platform
可能性が生まれ
購入するのと同じように
for cards for their telephone.
手段ができたのです
something that went right.
良い成果を生み出しました
in education and health, not enough,
まだ十分ではありませんが
in the last one and a half decades.
予防接種が実施されました
that conflicts decreased.
武力紛争が減ったこと
on the continent.
even managed to dampen some coups.
クーデターの鎮圧にも成功しました
and I'll refer to those later.
その件は後で説明します
some differentiation on the continent
いくつかの変化が表れています
してほしい点です
the doom and gloom is here,
現実として残っていますが
Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Ethiopia,
ケニヤ エチオピア
relatively well at the moment.
現在成長の軌道に乗っています
おかしたかというと
more things wrong than right.
あたりまえです
we didn't create enough jobs.
雇用の増加は不十分でした
ができませんでした
is about 15 percent,
the quality of growth was not good enough.
成長の質が不十分でした
were low-productivity jobs,
from low-productivity agriculture
and working in the informal sector
低生産的な商業や仕事へと
is that inequality increased.
50人の億万長者の資産が
75 million people on the continent.
併せた資産を上回っています
that's the fourth thing -- did decrease,
割合としては減りました
because of population growth.
絶対数は減りませんでした
of a dialogue about on the continent.
to get a handle on it,
ということに関してです
on this particular issue.
enough in infrastructure.
十分でなかった事です
but it's not enough.
十分ではありませんでした
in Africa on the continent
is equivalent to Spain.
スペインの消費量が同等です
is equivalent to that of Spain.
生活しているという事です
Development Bank said recently,
発言したように
発展は遂げられません
retain the same structure
挙げられます
has not changed very much.
It's exporting jobs.
is only 11 percent.
にとどまっています
decent manufacturing jobs for our youth,
きちんとした製造の仕事を生み出せていません
is among ourselves.
ぐらいのレベルです
and I think this gives way for corruption.
その結果政治の腐敗が蔓延します
yet gotten a good enough handle on,
取り組めていませんが
事ですし
in the way we manage our economies
警戒も高める必要があります
in my country, Nigeria,
ボコ・ハラムや
with international partners,
バートナーシップを結び
to fight this together.
共に対処するべきです
新しい現実を生みだしてしまいます
we want for a rising Africa.
存在してはならない現実です
in many countries are broken.
needed for the future.
生みだしていないからです
to educate better.
that we are not doing right.
is to learn to manage success.
or countries succeed,
is vital for us.
維持し続ける事は極めて重要です
keep doing it right.
正しい政策を繰り返すことが必要です
creating stability is vital,
安定化を促進させることは必須です
and policy consistency.
一貫した政策を打ち出すことです
新しい政権が権力を握り
policies that were there before.
放棄されます
for people, for households,
何に投資するべきか
the success we had in reducing our debt,
維持すべきです
are back to borrowing again,
また増えており
beginning to creep up,
so we have to avoid that.
これはどうしても免れたい事です
is focusing with a laser beam
焦点を当てる事です
they have to invest in this,
理解しています
the best they can to do that.
engage our young people.
促進する事が重要です
in the morning and feel ready to go.
頑張ろうと思う私のエネルギー源です
the genius of our young people,
support them to create and innovate
創造性とイノベーションを支援し
in the right direction.
確信しています
that girls and women are a gift.
認識を改めること
もってます
解放すること
contribute to the continent.
大陸への貢献が期待できます
that when we do all of these things,
偶然ではなく トレンドになると確信しています
if we unleash our youth,
若者の可能性を解放し
in the audience,
言いたいのです
is not for tomorrow,
今日の為ではなく明日の為でもなく
it's a longer term thing.
長期の投資が目標です
emerging opportunities in the world.
見逃すことになります
corruption in your talk,
汚職問題に触れられましたが
as a strong anticorruption fighter.
表明していますよね
and your mother was kidnapped.
お母様も誘拐されてます
いるのですか?
It's been very difficult.
難しいことです
the issue of the kidnap of my mother.
ありがとうございます
is that when you fight corruption,
いうことは
of people who are stealing money,
ふれるのと同じことです
is when they try to intimidate you,
彼らが抵抗してあなたを脅迫するときです
to stay on and fight back?
見つかるか
with the teams I worked with
財産が奪われる事を
the heritage of the future.
we continued to make that point.
同じ主張を続けました
nobody is going to fight corruption
汚職と戦わないと
that comes with consequences,
最善を尽くすしかないのです
for giving us a voice
会場の皆さんとTEDの皆さんに
私たちの前に立ちはだかる人にこう伝えましょう
我々は脅されないぞ と
for your great talk and important work.
意義ある努力に感謝いたします
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala - EconomistNgozi Okonjo-Iweala is a respected global economist.
Why you should listen
Okonjo-Iweala was the Finance Minister of Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy, from 2003 to 2006, and then briefly the country’s Foreign Affairs Minister, the first woman to hold either position. From 2011 to 2015 she was again named Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister for the Economy of Nigeria. Between those terms, from 2007 to 2011, she was one of the managing director of the World Bank and a candidate to the organization’s presidency. She is now a senior advisor at financial advisory and asset management firm Lazard, and she chairs the Board of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. At the World Bank, she worked for change in Africa and assistance for low-income countries. As Finance Minister, she attacked corruption to make Nigeria more transparent and desirable for investment and jobs, an activism that attracted criticism from circles opposed to reform.
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala | Speaker | TED.com