Ben Ambridge: 9 myths about psychology, debunked
Ben Ambridge: A lélektan 10 mítosza: lerántjuk róluk a leplet!
Ben Ambridge is the author of "Psy-Q," a sparkling book debunking what we think we know about psychology. Full bio
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your general intelligence,
az általános intelligenciáról,
about what makes you tick,
at predicting other people's behavior
mások viselkedését,
about psychology is wrong?
a lélektannal kapcsolatban?
the top 10 myths of psychology.
10 fő mítoszát.
that when it comes to their psychology,
hogy lelkiviláguk szerint
and women are from Venus.
a nő a Vénuszról származik.
a férfiak a nőktől?
are men and women really?
by looking at something
kezdjük azzal,
és azonos skálán,
gender differences on the same scale.
lelki eltéréseket mutatnak.
do really differ on
különböznek abban,
a normal distribution curve.
and a few men not far at all,
vagy csak nagyon közelre dobni,
the same distribution as well,
quite a big difference.
tudja eldobni a labdát,
can throw a ball further
some psychological gender differences
lélektani különbségek.
at spatial awareness than women --
for example -- and it's true,
at the size of this difference.
together they almost overlap.
than 33 percent of all men,
would be exactly equal.
difference and the next one I'll show you
psychological gender differences
that women are better
on the standardized grammar test.
nyelvtani teszt eredménye.
but the lines are so close
are better than the average woman,
complete gender equality.
a case of Mars and Venus.
Mars and Snickers:
slightly nuttier than the other.
az egyikük egy kicsit mogyorósabb.
the famous Rorschach inkblot test.
a híres Rorschach tintafolt-teszttel.
two bears or two people or something.
két embert látnak, vagy valami mást.
they're saying hello.
épp köszönnek egymásnak.
they are high-fiving.
összecsapják a tenyerüket?
saying hello or high-fiving,
tenyeresre szavazott,
nasty, aggressive person.
three everyone shout out what you see.
kiáltsák be, mit látnak.
(A nézők bekiabálnak.)
(Audience shouting)
some kind of two-legged animal here,
that you have difficulty
hogy nehézségeik vannak
where there's a lot going on.
it doesn't mean that at all.
have basically no validity
people's personality
by modern-day psychologists.
that when you do try
ha valaki mégis megpróbálja
using Rorschach inkblot tests,
Rorschach teszttel fölmérni,
perfectly normal participants.
a very visual type of person.
quick quiz to find out.
so hands up for each one again --
a kezét, ahol igen a válasza—
a recipe book with pictures?
as you go along?
are a visual learner
is presented in a visual style.
ha vizuálisan jutnak ismeretekhez.
you're an auditory learner,
önök a hallás után tanulók,
is presented to you in an auditory format.
ha fülükön keresztül jutnak ismeretekhez.
that you're a kinesthetic learner,
és érzékelés útján tanul,
and do things with your hands.
ha manuálisan csinálnak valamit.
as you've probably guessed,
the whole thing is a complete myth.
mert ez az egész csak mítosz.
not supported by scientific evidence.
tudományos bizonyítékuk nincs.
tightly controlled experimental studies,
ellenőrzött kísérletek során,
anyagot kapott,
or an opposite style,
amount of information that they retain.
for just a second,
that this has to be true.
the best presentation format
elsajátítási módszer
but on what you're trying to learn.
for example,
telling you what to do
and without writing them down?
anélkül, hogy leírnánk őket?
for your architecture exams
if you're a kinesthetic learner?
a tevékenység típusú tanulók?
is match the material to be learned
összehangolniuk, nem az énjükkel.
your GCSE results.
az érettségi jegyeiket.
what you were hoping for,
your learning style,
to think about blaming is your genes.
recent study at University College London
London friss kutatása,
érettségi eredményei között
and their GCSE results
so how can we tell?
az oly pontosnak hangzó eredményt?
the relative contributions
a viszonylagos teljesítményt
100 percent of their environment
share 100 percent of their environment,
a környezet 100%-ban egyforma,
share only 50 percent of their genes.
a génjeik csak félig egyezők.
GCSE results are in identical twins
ikrek vizsgaeredményeit
and performance is due to the environment
teljesítmény-eltérés írható
about 58 percent due to genes.
that you and your teachers here put in.
befektetett kemény munkáját.
that you were hoping for,
your parents, or at least their genes.
mindig okolhatják.
or right-brained learner,
vagy a jobbal tanulnak,
the left brain is logical,
hogy a bal félteke logikai,
so the right brain is better at music.
because nearly everything that you do
of your brain talking together,
az egész agyunkat igénybe veszi,
like having a normal conversation.
why this myth has survived
ez a mítosz fönnmaradt,
a slight grain of truth to it.
more creative than right-handed people,
mint a jobbkezesek;
your brain controls the opposite hands,
az ellenkező oldalt szabályozza,
is slightly more active
is more creative.
than right-handed people.
alkotóbbak a jobbkezeseknél.
for different tasks,
mindkét kezüket használják,
than one-handed people,
talk to each other a lot,
in creating flexible thinking.
that being ambidextrous
left-handers than right-handers,
mint a jobbkezesek között,
of the creative left-hander,
az alkotó balkezeseket illetően,
probably heard of
10 percent of our brains.
even the most mundane thing,
nem használja annyira
quite as well as we could.
to boost our brainpower?
to a nice bit of Mozart.
of the Mozart effect?
to Mozart makes you smarter
intelligensebbek leszünk,
performance on I.Q. tests.
about this myth
there is a grain of truth to it.
van benne egy szemernyi igazság.
Mozart music for a few minutes
Mozartot játszottak,
sat in silence.
some people who liked Mozart music
vontak be, akik szerették Mozart zenéjét,
the horror stories of Stephen King.
the music or the stories.
vagy történeteket meséltek.
Mozart music to the stories
mint a történeteket,
from the Mozart than the stories,
the stories to the Mozart music
from listening to the Stephen King stories
ha Stephen Kinget hallgatták,
to something that you enjoy
ha kedvünkre valót hallgatunk,
and gives you a temporary I.Q. boost
ideiglenesen javítja az IQ-nkat
listening to Mozart,
in the long run.
not only cleverer but healthier, too.
de egészségesebbek is leszünk.
seem to be true
to the music of Mozart almost every day,
smallpox, arthritis,
ízületi gyulladástól szenvedett,
killed him in the end, syphilis.
should have bit more careful, perhaps,
hogy Mozart óvatosabb lehetett volna
is sometimes spread a bit by sociologists
terjesztett mítosz szerint
partner are a product of our culture,
a romantikus partner választása,
[37] different cultures across the globe,
kultúrájából származó egyént vizsgáltak,
across the globe,
on physical attractiveness in a partner
a partner vonzerejét,
on ambition and high earning power.
és a jövedelemtermelő képesség.
who were younger than themselves,
who were older than them,
"Everybody needs a Sugar Daddy."
"Mindenkinek kell egy cukros bácsi."
to score with a partner
or football or whatever your sport is.
történő pontszerzéshez.
hot-hand streaks, Americans call them,
we sometimes say in England,
like this guy here.
berúgják a labdát, mint ez a fickó.
if you analyze the pattern
nearly always at random.
from the randomness.
to come out somewhere in the randomness,
a véletlen szabja meg,
patterns where there are none,
sémát látni, ahol nincs is,
and attribute meanings to them
jelentéssel ruházzuk föl,
get the same pattern
ha véletlenszerű lenne
hits and misses at random.
is penalty shootouts.
at penalty shootouts in football
hogy tizenegyes rúgásakor
in penalty shootouts,
than countries with a better record,
mint a sikeresebb országokéi,
they're more likely to miss.
could improve people's performance.
and seeing if that improves them.
és nézzük meg, javulnak-e tőle.
can improve performance,
thought they were testing
and punishment experiment
és büntetés" kísérletének;
if you're a psychology student.
nyilván már hallottak róla.
were prepared to give
electric shocks to a fellow participant
halálos - áramütéseket
in a white coat told them to.
a fehér köpenyesek értékelték.
for three reasons.
wasn't white, it was in fact grey.
nem fehérek, hanem szürkék voltak.
were told before the study
they raised a concern,
they were not fatal
de nem halálos,
no permanent damage whatsoever.
didn't give the shocks
áramütést az alanyok,
in the coat told them to.
after the study,
that they firmly believed
served a worthy scientific purpose
méltó tudományos célt szolgál,
enduring gains for science
discomfort caused to the participants.
kellemetlenség nem számít.
for about 12 minutes now,
sitting there listening to me,
and body language
és a testbeszédemet,
take any notice of what I'm saying,
or whether I'm lying,
probably completely failed,
we can catch a liar
hogy testbeszéde
and speech patterns,
over the years have shown
tesztek bizonyítják,
police officers and detectives,
és nyomozókat beleértve,
to detecting lies from body language
ha a hazugságra testbeszédből
when the relatives are missing
ha az eltűnt rokont
murdered the relatives themselves.
to shake their heads, to look away,
rázza a fejét, félrenéz,
will return safely
"taken from us" rather than "killed."
"elvették tőlünk", nem pedig: "megölték".
it's about time I killed this talk,
ideje leállítani a dumát,
to give you in 30 seconds
a collection of interesting theories,
érdekes elméletek gyűjteménye,
and all of which have something to offer.
felhasználható elem.
in the past few minutes
psychological theories
értékeljük a lélektani elméleteket,
makes you smarter,
intelligensebbek leszünk-e,
presented in your preferred learning style
ha az infót a kedvelt módon kapjuk,
are testable empirical predictions,
against the data
experimental studies.
vetnünk az adatokkal.
that we can hope to discover
are well supported,
melyik állja meg a helyét,
I've told you about today, are myths.
szóba kerültek, csupán mítosz.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ben Ambridge - PsychologistBen Ambridge is the author of "Psy-Q," a sparkling book debunking what we think we know about psychology.
Why you should listen
Ben Ambridge is a senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Liverpool, where he researches children’s language development. He is the author of Psy-Q, which introduces readers to some of the major findings in psychology via interactive puzzles, games, quizzes and tests.
He also writes great newsy stories connecting psychology to current events. His article "Why Can't We Talk to the Animals?" was shortlisted for the 2012 Guardian-Wellcome Science Writing Prize. Psy-Q is his first book for a general audience.
Ben Ambridge | Speaker | TED.com