TED2015
Sophie Scott: Why we laugh
Sophie Scott: Kenapa Kita Tertawa?
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Tahukah Anda, bahwa Anda tiga puluh kali lebih mungkin untuk tertawa ketika sedang bersama seseorang dibandingkan ketika sendirian? Seorang ahli neurosains kognitif, Sophie Scott, berbagi fakta menarik tentang hal ini dengan menelusuri ilmu pengetahuan tentang tertawa, melalui presentasinya yang lugas, penuh aksi, dan sangat jenaka
Sophie Scott - Neuroscientist, stand-up comic
While exploring the neuroscience of speech and vocal behavior, Sophie Scott stumbled upon a surprising second vocation: making audiences laugh as a stand-up comic. Full bio
While exploring the neuroscience of speech and vocal behavior, Sophie Scott stumbled upon a surprising second vocation: making audiences laugh as a stand-up comic. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Hi. I'm going to talk
to you today about laughter,
to you today about laughter,
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Hai, saya akan berbicara tentang tawa.
00:15
and I just want to start
by thinking about the first time
by thinking about the first time
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Saya ingin mengawali dengan
mengingat kali pertama
mengingat kali pertama
00:18
I can ever remember noticing laughter.
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saya mengenali apa itu tawa.
00:20
This is when I was a little girl.
I would've been about six.
I would've been about six.
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Saya masih kecil saat itu,
sekitar enam tahun.
sekitar enam tahun.
00:23
And I came across my parents
doing something unusual,
doing something unusual,
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Dan saya melihat orang tua saya
melakukan hal-hal di luar kebiasaan
melakukan hal-hal di luar kebiasaan
00:27
where they were laughing.
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ketika mereka tertawa.
00:28
They were laughing very, very hard.
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Mereka tertawa dengan sangat keras
00:30
They were lying on the floor laughing.
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sambil berguling-guling
di lantai.
di lantai.
00:32
They were screaming with laughter.
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Mereka tertawa sambil berteriak-teriak.
00:34
I did not know what they were
laughing at, but I wanted in.
laughing at, but I wanted in.
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Saya tidak tahu apa yang
mereka tertawakan,
mereka tertawakan,
00:38
I wanted to be part of that,
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tapi saya ingin ikut tertawa.
00:40
and I kind of sat around at the edge
going, "Hoo hoo!" (Laughter)
going, "Hoo hoo!" (Laughter)
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Kemudian saya duduk sambil ikut
tertawa, "Haaa haaa! (Tawa)
tertawa, "Haaa haaa! (Tawa)
00:43
Now, incidentally,
what they were laughing at
what they were laughing at
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Dan rupanya, apa yang mereka tertawakan
00:47
was a song which people used to sing,
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adalah sebuah lagu
yang biasa orang nyanyikan,
yang biasa orang nyanyikan,
00:49
which was based around
signs in toilets on trains
signs in toilets on trains
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mengenai tulisan yang ada
di toilet di dalam kereta,
di toilet di dalam kereta,
00:53
telling you what you could
and could not do
and could not do
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mengenai apa yang boleh
dan tidak boleh dilakukan
dan tidak boleh dilakukan
00:56
in toilets on trains.
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di dalam toilet di kereta.
00:57
And the thing you have to remember
about the English is, of course,
about the English is, of course,
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Dan sebagai orang Inggris, tentunya
01:00
we do have an immensely
sophisticated sense of humor.
sophisticated sense of humor.
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kita memiliki selera humor
yang luar biasa.
yang luar biasa.
01:03
(Laughter)
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(Tawa)
01:04
At the time, though, I didn't
understand anything of that.
understand anything of that.
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Ketika itu saya
tak paham isi lagu itu.
tak paham isi lagu itu.
01:07
I just cared about the laughter,
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Saya hanya tahu tentang tawa;
01:09
and actually, as a neuroscientist,
I've come to care about it again.
I've come to care about it again.
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sebagai seorang ahli Neurosains,
saya peduli akan tawa.
saya peduli akan tawa.
01:12
And it is a really weird thing to do.
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Tentu ini sesuatu yang aneh.
01:15
What I'm going to do now
is just play some examples
is just play some examples
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Sekarang saya akan memutar
beberapa contoh dari
beberapa contoh dari
01:17
of real human beings laughing,
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tawa manusia yang sesungguhnya,
01:19
and I want you think about the sound
people make and how odd that can be,
people make and how odd that can be,
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dan perhatikanlah suara
serta keganjilan tawa tersebut,
serta keganjilan tawa tersebut,
01:22
and in fact how primitive
laughter is as a sound.
laughter is as a sound.
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dan betapa primitifnya
suara tawa sebenarnya.
suara tawa sebenarnya.
01:25
It's much more like an animal call
than it is like speech.
than it is like speech.
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Tawa lebih menyerupai suara
binatang daripada sebuah dialog.
binatang daripada sebuah dialog.
01:28
So here we've got some laughter for you.
The first one is pretty joyful.
The first one is pretty joyful.
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Inilah beberapa contoh tawa.
Yang pertama cukup ceria.
Yang pertama cukup ceria.
01:31
(Audio: Laughing)
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(Suara: Orang tertawa)
01:47
Now this next guy, I need him to breathe.
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Pria yang satu ini perlu
mengambil napas.
mengambil napas.
01:50
There's a point in there
where I'm just, like,
where I'm just, like,
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Ada kalanya saya berkata dalam hati,
01:52
you've got to get some air in there, mate,
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bernapaslah, kawan!
01:54
because he just sounds
like he's breathing out.
like he's breathing out.
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karena seakan-akan
dia kehabisan udara.
dia kehabisan udara.
01:56
(Audio: Laughing)
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(Suara: Orang tertawa)
02:05
This hasn't been edited; this is him.
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Yang satu ini belum sempat diedit;
ini dia orangnya.
ini dia orangnya.
02:08
(Audio: Laughing)
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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(Suara: Orang tertawa)
(Hadirin tertawa)
(Hadirin tertawa)
02:14
And finally we have --
this is a human female laughing.
this is a human female laughing.
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Dan akhirnya -- ini adalah tawa
seorang perempuan.
seorang perempuan.
02:18
And laughter can take us to some pretty
odd places in terms of making noises.
odd places in terms of making noises.
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Dan tawa dapat menyingkapkan
hal-hal yang aneh mengenai suara.
hal-hal yang aneh mengenai suara.
02:22
(Audio: Laughing)
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(Suara: Orang tertawa)
02:41
She actually says, "Oh my God,
what is that?" in French.
what is that?" in French.
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Dia berkata dalam Bahasa
Perancis, "Ya Tuhan, apa itu?"
Perancis, "Ya Tuhan, apa itu?"
02:44
We're all kind of with her.
I have no idea.
I have no idea.
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Kita semua mempertanyakan
hal yang sama.
hal yang sama.
02:48
Now, to understand laughter,
you have to look at a part of the body
you have to look at a part of the body
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Untuk memahami tawa, Anda
harus menelaah bagian tubuh
harus menelaah bagian tubuh
02:51
that psychologists and neuroscientists
don't normally spend much time looking at,
don't normally spend much time looking at,
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yang jarang diperhatikan oleh para
Psikolog dan ahli Neurosains,
Psikolog dan ahli Neurosains,
yakni tulang rusuk.
02:55
which is the ribcage,
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Meski tampaknya memang kurang menarik,
02:56
and it doesn't seem terribly exciting,
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namun sebenarnya Anda selalu
menggunakan tulang rusuk.
menggunakan tulang rusuk.
02:58
but actually you're all using
your ribcage all the time.
your ribcage all the time.
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Apa yang selalu Anda lakukan
dengan tulang rusuk Anda
dengan tulang rusuk Anda
03:00
What you're all doing
at the moment with your ribcage,
at the moment with your ribcage,
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adalah bernafas.
03:03
and don't stop doing it, is breathing.
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Anda menggunakan otot interkostal
yang berada di antara tulang rusuk,
yang berada di antara tulang rusuk,
03:05
So you use the intercostal muscles,
the muscles between your ribs,
the muscles between your ribs,
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membawa udara
keluar-masuk dengan
keluar-masuk dengan
03:08
to bring air in and out of your lungs
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mengembungkan dan mengerutkan
03:10
just by expanding
and contracting your ribcage,
and contracting your ribcage,
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rongga tulang rusuk;
jika saya mengikat
jika saya mengikat
03:12
and if I was to put a strap
around the outside of your chest
around the outside of your chest
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sabuk pernapasan di dada Anda,
perhatikan gerakannya,
perhatikan gerakannya,
03:15
called a breath belt, and just look
at that movement,
at that movement,
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maka pergerakan sinusoidal
akan terjadi, yakni pernapasan.
akan terjadi, yakni pernapasan.
03:17
you see a rather gentle sinusoidal
movement, so that's breathing.
movement, so that's breathing.
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Anda semua sedang melakukannya.
03:21
You're all doing it. Don't stop.
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Ketika Anda mulai berbicara,
03:22
As soon as you start talking,
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Anda mulai bernapas
dengan cara berbeda.
dengan cara berbeda.
03:24
you start using your breathing
completely differently.
completely differently.
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Jadi, apa yang saya lakukan
sekarang nampak seperti ini.
sekarang nampak seperti ini.
03:26
So what I'm doing now is you see
something much more like this.
something much more like this.
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Ketika berbicara, pergerakan
tulang rusuk Anda
tulang rusuk Anda
03:29
In talking, you use very fine
movements of the ribcage
movements of the ribcage
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menekan udara keluar --
03:32
to squeeze the air out --
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03:33
and in fact, we're the only animals
that can do this.
that can do this.
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dan faktanya, hanya manusia
yang dapat melakukannya.
yang dapat melakukannya.
Karenanya kita bisa berbicara.
03:36
It's why we can talk at all.
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Nah, berbicara dan bernapas
punya musuh utama
punya musuh utama
03:37
Now, both talking and breathing
has a mortal enemy,
has a mortal enemy,
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03:40
and that enemy is laughter,
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dan musuh itu
adalah tertawa,
adalah tertawa,
03:43
because what happens when you laugh
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sebab yang terjadi
ketika itu:
ketika itu:
otot-otot yang sama itu berkontraksi
secara reguler,
secara reguler,
03:45
is those same muscles
start to contract very regularly,
start to contract very regularly,
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03:48
and you get this very marked
sort of zig-zagging,
sort of zig-zagging,
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dan membentuk semacam
pola zig-zag,
pola zig-zag,
03:51
and that's just squeezing
the air out of you.
the air out of you.
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dan menekan udara keluar
dari paru-paru.
dari paru-paru.
03:53
It literally is that basic a way
of making a sound.
of making a sound.
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Inilah proses pembuatan suara.
03:56
You could be stamping on somebody,
it's having the same effect.
it's having the same effect.
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Jika anda menginjak seseorang,
efeknya pun akan sama.
efeknya pun akan sama.
Anda menekan udara keluar,
03:59
You're just squeezing air out,
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dan tiap kontraksi tersebut
akan memunculkan suara.
akan memunculkan suara.
04:00
and each of those contractions --
Ha! -- gives you a sound.
Ha! -- gives you a sound.
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Ketika terjadi kontraksi bersamaan,
kekejangan terjadi,
kekejangan terjadi,
04:03
And as the contractions run together,
you can get these spasms,
you can get these spasms,
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kemudian hal ini terjadi --
(suara mengi).
(suara mengi).
04:06
and that's when you start getting
these -- (Wheezing) -- things happening.
these -- (Wheezing) -- things happening.
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Saya ahli sekali dalam hal ini. (Tawa).
04:10
I'm brilliant at this. (Laughter)
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04:13
Now, in terms of the science of laughter,
there isn't very much,
there isn't very much,
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Ketika mempelajari ilmu mengenai
tawa, ini tidaklah signifikan,
tawa, ini tidaklah signifikan,
04:17
but it does turn out that pretty much
everything we think we know
everything we think we know
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namun ternyata selama ini banyak
konsep mengenai tawa yang
konsep mengenai tawa yang
04:20
about laughter is wrong.
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ternyata salah.
04:23
So it's not at all unusual, for example,
to hear people to say
to hear people to say
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Jadi kita tak akan heran, misalnya,
mendengar orang berkata
mendengar orang berkata
bahwa hanya manusia yang bisa tertawa.
04:25
humans are the only animals that laugh.
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Nietzshe beranggapan demikian.
04:28
Nietzsche thought that humans
are the only animals that laugh.
are the only animals that laugh.
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Namun kenyataannya,
mamalia lain pun tertawa.
mamalia lain pun tertawa.
04:30
In fact, you find laughter
throughout the mammals.
throughout the mammals.
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Hal ini telah diteliti dengan baik
pada primata,
pada primata,
04:33
It's been well-described
and well-observed in primates,
and well-observed in primates,
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begitu juga pada tikus,
04:35
but you also see it in rats,
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04:37
and wherever you find it --
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dimanapun juga --
04:38
humans, primates, rats --
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manusia, primata, tikus --
04:40
you find it associated
with things like tickling.
with things like tickling.
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mereka semua merasakan
sensasi digelitik.
sensasi digelitik.
04:43
That's the same for humans.
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Begitu juga dengan manusia.
04:46
You find it associated with play,
and all mammals play.
and all mammals play.
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Tawa berhubungan dengan
permainan; mamalia pun bermain.
permainan; mamalia pun bermain.
04:51
And wherever you find it,
it's associated with interactions.
it's associated with interactions.
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Dan dimanapun juga,
tawa dan interaksi berhubungan.
tawa dan interaksi berhubungan.
04:55
So Robert Provine, who has done
a lot of work on this,
a lot of work on this,
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Robert Provine telah meneliti ini
secara ekstensif,
secara ekstensif,
04:58
has pointed out that you are 30 times
more likely to laugh
more likely to laugh
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dan menurutnya ada 30 lebih banyak
kemungkinan Anda tertawa
kemungkinan Anda tertawa
05:02
if you are with somebody else
than if you're on your own,
than if you're on your own,
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ketika sedang bersama orang lain,
daripada ketika sendirian,
daripada ketika sendirian,
05:06
and where you find most laughter
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dan kebanyakan tawa terjadi
05:08
is in social interactions
like conversation.
like conversation.
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di dalam interaksi sosial
semacam percakapan.
semacam percakapan.
05:10
So if you ask human beings,
"When do you laugh?"
"When do you laugh?"
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Apabila Anda bertanya,
"Kapan Anda tertawa?"
"Kapan Anda tertawa?"
05:13
they'll talk about comedy and they'll talk
about humor and they'll talk about jokes.
about humor and they'll talk about jokes.
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manusia akan menyinggung komedi dan
membicarakan humor dan canda.
membicarakan humor dan canda.
05:17
If you look at when they laugh,
they're laughing with their friends.
they're laughing with their friends.
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Jika Anda perhatikan, mereka tertawa
bersama teman mereka.
bersama teman mereka.
05:20
And when we laugh with people, we're
hardly ever actually laughing at jokes.
hardly ever actually laughing at jokes.
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Dan ketika bersama dengan teman,
kita tidak tertawa karena guyonan.
kita tidak tertawa karena guyonan.
05:23
You are laughing to show people
that you understand them,
that you understand them,
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Anda tertawa untuk menunjukkan
bahwa Anda paham,
bahwa Anda paham,
05:26
that you agree with them, that you're
part of the same group as them.
part of the same group as them.
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bahwa Anda setuju dengan mereka
dan adalah bagian dari mereka;
dan adalah bagian dari mereka;
untuk menunjukkan
Anda menyukai mereka,
Anda menyukai mereka,
05:29
You're laughing to show
that you like them.
that you like them.
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atau bahkan mencintai.
05:31
You might even love them.
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Semua itu Anda lakukan saat
berbincang dengan mereka,
berbincang dengan mereka,
05:33
You're doing all that at the same time
as talking to them,
as talking to them,
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dan tawa Anda mendemonstrasikan
semua emosi tersebut.
semua emosi tersebut.
05:35
and the laughter is doing a lot
of that emotional work for you.
of that emotional work for you.
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Ini telah dikemukakan Robert Provine,
seperti yang Anda lihat,
seperti yang Anda lihat,
05:38
Something that Robert Provine
has pointed out, as you can see here,
has pointed out, as you can see here,
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dan alasan mengapa Anda tertawa
05:41
and the reason why we were laughing
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ketika kita mendengar tawa lucu tadi,
05:43
when we heard those
funny laughs at the start,
funny laughs at the start,
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dan mengapa saya ikut tertawa
bersama orangtua saya,
bersama orangtua saya,
05:45
and why I was laughing
when I found my parents laughing,
when I found my parents laughing,
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adalah karena tawa sangat menular.
05:48
is that it's an enormously
behaviorally contagious effect.
behaviorally contagious effect.
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Anda dapat tertular tawa dari orang lain,
05:51
You can catch laughter from somebody else,
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terutama apabila Anda
mengenal orang tersebut.
mengenal orang tersebut.
05:53
and you are more likely to catch laughter
off somebody else if you know them.
off somebody else if you know them.
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Jadi, konteks sosial ini
sangat berpengaruh.
sangat berpengaruh.
05:57
So it's still modulated
by this social context.
by this social context.
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Taruhlah humor di satu sisi
05:59
You have to put humor to one side
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dan pikirkanlah makna sosial dari tawa
06:00
and think about the social
meaning of laughter
meaning of laughter
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sebab dari situlah asal-muasal tawa.
06:03
because that's where its origins lie.
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06:05
Now, something I've got very interested in
is different kinds of laughter,
is different kinds of laughter,
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Nah, saya sangatlah tertarik dengan
keberagaman tawa,
keberagaman tawa,
06:09
and we have some neurobiological evidence
about how human beings vocalize
about how human beings vocalize
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dan kita memiliki bukti neurobiologis
tentang bagaimana manusia bersuara
tentang bagaimana manusia bersuara
06:14
that suggests there might be
two kinds of laughs that we have.
two kinds of laughs that we have.
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yang memberitahu kita tentang dua macam
tawa yang mungkin dimiliki manusia.
tawa yang mungkin dimiliki manusia.
06:18
So it seems possible that the neurobiology
for helpless, involuntary laughter,
for helpless, involuntary laughter,
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Jadi menurut ilmu neurobiologi, orang
yang suka tertawa terbahak-bahak
yang suka tertawa terbahak-bahak
06:23
like my parents lying on the floor
screaming about a silly song,
screaming about a silly song,
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seperti orang tua saya yang tertawa
berguling-guling di lantai
berguling-guling di lantai
karena sebuah lagu,
06:26
might have a different basis to it
than some of that more polite
than some of that more polite
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mungkin memiliki dasar ilmiah berbeda
dibanding tawa yang sopan
dibanding tawa yang sopan
06:29
social laughter that you encounter,
which isn't horrible laughter,
which isn't horrible laughter,
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pada interaksi sosial yang lain;
ini tidaklah jelek,
ini tidaklah jelek,
namun perilaku--bagian dari cara
mereka berkomunikasi dengan Anda,
mereka berkomunikasi dengan Anda,
06:32
but it's behavior somebody is doing
as part of their communicative act to you,
as part of their communicative act to you,
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06:36
part of their interaction with you;
they are choosing to do this.
they are choosing to do this.
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bagian dari interaksi mereka;
mereka melakukannya dengan tawa.
mereka melakukannya dengan tawa.
06:40
In our evolution, we have developed
two different ways of vocalizing.
two different ways of vocalizing.
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Saat berevolusi, ada dua cara
bervokalisasi yang berkembang:
bervokalisasi yang berkembang:
06:43
Involuntary vocalizations
are part of an older system
are part of an older system
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vokalisasi tanpa sadar, yang
adalah bagian dari sistem lama,
adalah bagian dari sistem lama,
06:46
than the more voluntary vocalizations
like the speech I'm doing now.
like the speech I'm doing now.
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dan vokalisasi secara sadar, seperti
yang saya lakukan sekarang.
yang saya lakukan sekarang.
Jadi, tawa sendiri mungkin sebenarnya
memiliki dua akar berbeda.
memiliki dua akar berbeda.
06:49
So we might imagine that laughter
might actually have two different roots.
might actually have two different roots.
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06:53
So I've been looking at this
in more detail.
in more detail.
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Saya telah meneliti hal ini dengan detail;
06:55
To do this, we've had to make
recordings of people laughing,
recordings of people laughing,
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caranya dengan merekam
bunyi tawa manusia,
bunyi tawa manusia,
06:58
and we've had to do whatever it takes
to make people laugh,
to make people laugh,
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dan kita harus melakukan apapun
agar mereka tertawa,
agar mereka tertawa,
07:01
and we got those same people
to produce more posed, social laughter.
to produce more posed, social laughter.
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dan meminta mereka juga tertawa
seperti dalam bersosialisasi.
seperti dalam bersosialisasi.
07:04
So imagine your friend told a joke,
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Bayangkan teman Anda bercanda,
07:05
and you're laughing because
you like your friend,
you like your friend,
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dan Anda tertawa karena
Anda menyukai dia,
Anda menyukai dia,
07:08
but not really because
the joke's all that.
the joke's all that.
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bukan semata karena candanya lucu.
07:10
So I'm going to play you
a couple of those.
a couple of those.
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Saya akan memutar beberapa contoh.
Tentukanlah apakah
tawa ini sungguh-sungguh,
tawa ini sungguh-sungguh,
07:12
I want you to tell me if you think
this laughter is real laughter,
this laughter is real laughter,
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atau dibuat-buat.
07:15
or if you think it's posed.
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Apakah ini tawa sungguh-sungguh
atau tidak?
atau tidak?
07:16
So is this involuntary laughter
or more voluntary laughter?
or more voluntary laughter?
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07:19
(Audio: Laughing)
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(Suara tawa)
07:24
What does that sound like to you?
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Bagaimana menurut Anda?
07:26
Audience: Posed.
Sophie Scott: Posed? Posed.
Sophie Scott: Posed? Posed.
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Hadirin: Dibuat-buat.
SS: Anda benar.
SS: Anda benar.
07:28
How about this one?
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Bagaimana dengan yang ini?
07:29
(Audio: Laughing)
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(Suara tawa)
07:34
(Laughter)
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(Hadirin tertawa)
07:35
I'm the best.
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Saya memang hebat.
07:37
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Tawa) (Tepuk tangan)
07:39
Not really.
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Tidak juga.
07:41
No, that was helpless laughter,
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Tidak, tawa tadi sungguh-sungguh.
07:43
and in fact, to record that,
all they had to do was record me
all they had to do was record me
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Kenyataannya, untuk merekam tawa itu,
mereka hanya perlu merekam saya
mereka hanya perlu merekam saya
07:47
watching one of my friends listening to
something I knew she wanted to laugh at,
something I knew she wanted to laugh at,
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saat mengamati teman saya
mendengarkan sesuatu yang lucu,
mendengarkan sesuatu yang lucu,
07:50
and I just started doing this.
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dan saya baru saja memulai.
07:52
What you find is that people
are good at telling the difference
are good at telling the difference
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Anda lihat bahwa orang-orang
mampu membedakan antara
mampu membedakan antara
tawa sungguhan dan tidak.
07:55
between real and posed laughter.
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Keduanya nampak berbeda bagi kita.
07:57
They seem to be different things to us.
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Yang menarik adalah
adanya kemiripan dengan simpanse.
adanya kemiripan dengan simpanse.
07:59
Interestingly, you see something
quite similar with chimpanzees.
quite similar with chimpanzees.
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Tawa mereka
ketika digelitik berbeda
ketika digelitik berbeda
08:02
Chimpanzees laugh differently
if they're being tickled
if they're being tickled
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dibandingkan saat mereka
bermain bersama,
bermain bersama,
08:04
than if they're playing with each other,
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dan mungkin kita bisa
melihat kemiripannya,
melihat kemiripannya,
08:06
and we might be seeing
something like that here,
something like that here,
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tawa sungguhan, karena digelitik,
berbeda dengan tawa dalam sosialisasi.
berbeda dengan tawa dalam sosialisasi.
08:08
involuntary laughter, tickling laughter,
being different from social laughter.
being different from social laughter.
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Suaranya pun sangat berbeda.
Tawa sungguhan lebih lama dan
nadanya lebih nyaring.
nadanya lebih nyaring.
08:12
They're acoustically very different.
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08:14
The real laughs are longer.
They're higher in pitch.
They're higher in pitch.
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Ketika Anda terbahak,
08:16
When you start laughing hard,
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Anda mengeluarkan
udara dari paru-paru
udara dari paru-paru
08:18
you start squeezing air out
from your lungs
from your lungs
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dengan lebih banyak tekanan
dari saat Anda tertawa dibuat-buat.
dari saat Anda tertawa dibuat-buat.
08:20
under much higher pressures
than you could ever produce voluntarily.
than you could ever produce voluntarily.
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Misalnya, ketika bernyanyi,
suara saya tidaklah senyaring itu.
suara saya tidaklah senyaring itu.
08:23
For example, I could never
pitch my voice that high to sing.
pitch my voice that high to sing.
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Dan terjadinya konstraksi
dan keluarnya siulan-siulan aneh,
dan keluarnya siulan-siulan aneh,
08:26
Also, you start to get these sort of
contractions and weird whistling sounds,
contractions and weird whistling sounds,
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adalah bukti bahwa tertawa secara
sungguh-sungguh tidaklah susah,
sungguh-sungguh tidaklah susah,
08:30
all of which mean that real laughter
is extremely easy,
is extremely easy,
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08:32
or feels extremely easy to spot.
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bahkan nampak sangat mudah untuk diketahui.
08:34
In contrast, posed laughter,
we might think it sounds a bit fake.
we might think it sounds a bit fake.
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Sebaliknya, tertawa yang terpaksa,
terdengar seperti suara bohong-bohongan.
terdengar seperti suara bohong-bohongan.
Sebenarnya, tidak seperti itu,
terdapat ciri sosial di sini.
terdapat ciri sosial di sini.
08:39
Actually, it's not, it's actually
an important social cue.
an important social cue.
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08:42
We use it a lot, we're choosing
to laugh in a lot of situations,
to laugh in a lot of situations,
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Kita sering berbuat itu,
tertawa pada berbagai situasi,
tertawa pada berbagai situasi,
08:45
and it seems to be its own thing.
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seakan memang ada penyebabnya.
08:47
So, for example, you find
nasality in posed laughter,
nasality in posed laughter,
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2787
Misalnya, Anda mendengar bunyi sengau
pada sebuah tawa yang dibuat-buat,
pada sebuah tawa yang dibuat-buat,
08:50
that kind of "ha ha ha ha ha" sound
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suara, "ha ha ha ha ha"
08:52
that you never get, you could not do,
if you were laughing involuntarily.
if you were laughing involuntarily.
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suara yang tidak keluar
ketika Anda sedang pura-pura tertawa.
ketika Anda sedang pura-pura tertawa.
08:55
So they do seem to be genuinely
these two different sorts of things.
these two different sorts of things.
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Jadi, pada dasarnya terdapat dua
jenis tawa.
jenis tawa.
Kemudian, kami melakukan pemindaian guna
melihat bagaimana otak merespon
melihat bagaimana otak merespon
08:58
We took it into the scanner
to see how brains respond
to see how brains respond
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09:01
when you hear laughter.
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1212
ketika Anda mendengar tawa.
09:02
And when you do this,
this is a really boring experiment.
this is a really boring experiment.
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Dan ini adalah
sebuah eksperimen yang membosankan.
sebuah eksperimen yang membosankan.
09:05
We just played people
real and posed laughs.
real and posed laughs.
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Kami menyetel suara tawa
yang sukarela dan terpaksa.
yang sukarela dan terpaksa.
09:07
We didn't tell them
it was a study on laughter.
it was a study on laughter.
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2204
Mereka tidak tahu
kami meneliti perilaku tertawa.
kami meneliti perilaku tertawa.
09:09
We put other sounds in there
to distract them,
to distract them,
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Kami memasukkan suara lain
untuk mengganggu mereka,
untuk mengganggu mereka,
09:11
and all they're doing
is lying listening to sounds.
is lying listening to sounds.
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2387
dan sambil berbaring, mereka mendengarkan
suara tersebut.
suara tersebut.
09:14
We don't tell them to do anything.
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1643
Kami tidak menyuruh mereka melakukan apapun.
09:15
Nonetheless, when you hear real laughter
and when you hear posed laughter,
and when you hear posed laughter,
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Namun, saat mendengar
suara tawa sukarela
suara tawa sukarela
dan suara tawa terpaksa,
09:19
the brains are responding
completely differently,
completely differently,
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2417
cara otak merespon keduanya
sangat berbeda,
sangat berbeda,
09:21
significantly differently.
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1432
sangat berbeda.
09:23
What you see in the regions in blue,
which lies in auditory cortex,
which lies in auditory cortex,
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3548
Anda lihat bagian yang berwarna biru,
terletak pada korteks auditori,
terletak pada korteks auditori,
09:26
are the brain areas that respond
more to the real laughs,
more to the real laughs,
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2689
adalah bagian otak yang merespon
tawa yang sukarela,
tawa yang sukarela,
09:29
and what seems to be the case,
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1441
dan yang menarik,
09:30
when you hear somebody
laughing involuntarily,
laughing involuntarily,
194
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2157
ketika Anda mendengar bunyi tawa
yang lepas,
yang lepas,
09:33
you hear sounds you would never
hear in any other context.
hear in any other context.
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2727
Anda mendengar bunyi yang tidak akan
pernah Anda dengar pada konteks lain.
pernah Anda dengar pada konteks lain.
09:35
It's very unambiguous,
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1086
Sangat tidak ambigu,
09:36
and it seems to be associated
with greater auditory processing
with greater auditory processing
197
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3070
dan hal ini terkait dengan
proses auditori yang lebih banyak
proses auditori yang lebih banyak
09:39
of these novel sounds.
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1370
dari bunyi-bunyi tersebut.
09:41
In contrast, when you hear somebody
laughing in a posed way,
laughing in a posed way,
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3809
Sebaliknya, ketika Anda mendengar
seseorang tertawa dibuat-buat,
seseorang tertawa dibuat-buat,
maka akan nampak bagian berwarna pink ini,
09:45
what you see are these regions in pink,
200
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2042
09:47
which are occupying brain areas
associated with mentalizing,
associated with mentalizing,
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yang memenuhi bagian otak yang bertugas
untuk melakukan mentalisasi,
untuk melakukan mentalisasi,
09:50
thinking about what
somebody else is thinking.
somebody else is thinking.
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yakni memikirkan apa
yang orang lain pikirkan.
yang orang lain pikirkan.
09:52
And I think what that means is,
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1540
Dan bagi saya,
hal itu berarti bahwa
hal itu berarti bahwa
09:53
even if you're having your brain scanned,
which is completely boring
which is completely boring
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3197
meski otak Anda sedang dipindai,
dan kegiatan ini membosankan
dan kegiatan ini membosankan
09:56
and not very interesting,
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1200
dan tidak menarik,
ketika Anda mendengar
"A ha ha ha ha ha,"
"A ha ha ha ha ha,"
09:58
when you hear somebody going,
"A ha ha ha ha ha,"
"A ha ha ha ha ha,"
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2333
Anda berusaha mencari tahu
apa penyebab tawa itu.
apa penyebab tawa itu.
10:00
you're trying to work out
why they're laughing.
why they're laughing.
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2196
10:02
Laughter is always meaningful.
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1445
Tawa selalu memiliki makna.
10:04
You are always trying
to understand it in context,
to understand it in context,
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2340
Anda akan selalu mencoba
memahami tawa,
memahami tawa,
10:06
even if, as far as you are concerned,
at that point in time,
at that point in time,
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bahkan, bila Anda perhatikan,
ketika saat
ketika saat
tawa itu tidak ada hubungannya
dengan Anda,
dengan Anda,
10:09
it has not necessarily
anything to do with you,
anything to do with you,
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Anda tetap ingin tahu
kenapa orang-orang tertawa.
kenapa orang-orang tertawa.
10:11
you still want to know
why those people are laughing.
why those people are laughing.
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Sekarang, kita akan melihat reaksi orang
mendengar tawa asli dan yang dibuat-buat
mendengar tawa asli dan yang dibuat-buat
10:14
Now, we've had the opportunity to look
at how people hear real and posed laughter
at how people hear real and posed laughter
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3866
pada berbagai rentang usia.
10:18
across the age range.
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Ini eksperimen online yang kami
lakukan dengan the Royal Society,
lakukan dengan the Royal Society,
10:19
So this is an online experiment
we ran with the Royal Society,
we ran with the Royal Society,
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2931
dan ada dua pertanyaan
yang kami tanyakan.
yang kami tanyakan.
10:21
and here we just asked people
two questions.
two questions.
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2104
Pertama, mereka menyimak suara tawa,
10:24
First of all, they heard some laughs,
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1828
dan menebak, apakah suara tawa itu
asli atau dibuat-buat?
asli atau dibuat-buat?
10:25
and they had to say, how real
or posed do these laughs sound?
or posed do these laughs sound?
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3019
Tawa yang asli berwarna merah,
yang dibuat-buat berwarna biru.
yang dibuat-buat berwarna biru.
10:28
The real laughs are shown in red
and the posed laughs are shown in blue.
and the posed laughs are shown in blue.
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3457
Yang Anda lihat adalah sebuah permulaan
yang cepat.
yang cepat.
10:32
What you see is there is a rapid onset.
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1897
Bertambahnya usia,
10:34
As you get older, you get better
and better at spotting real laughter.
and better at spotting real laughter.
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3352
membuat kemampuan
menngenali tawa yang asli lebih baik.
menngenali tawa yang asli lebih baik.
Anak enam tahun
10:37
So six-year-olds are at chance,
they can't really hear the difference.
they can't really hear the difference.
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3325
tidak mampu membedakan keduanya.
10:40
By the time you are older, you get better,
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2152
Seiring bertambahnya usia,
kemampuan kita akan semakin baik,
kemampuan kita akan semakin baik,
10:43
but interestingly, you do not hit
peak performance in this dataset
peak performance in this dataset
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3622
tapi, menariknya,
data ini menunjukkan
kemampuan kita tidak akan maksimal
kemampuan kita tidak akan maksimal
10:46
until you are in your
late 30s and early 40s.
late 30s and early 40s.
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3531
hingga kita berusia akhir 30-an
atau awal 40-an.
atau awal 40-an.
10:50
You don't understand laughter fully
by the time you hit puberty.
by the time you hit puberty.
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3041
Anda tidak sepenuhnya paham perbedaan
tertawa ketika remaja.
tertawa ketika remaja.
10:53
You don't understand laughter fully
by the time your brain has matured
by the time your brain has matured
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3297
Anda tidak sepenuhnya paham perbedaan
tertawa hingga otak Anda matang
tertawa hingga otak Anda matang
10:56
at the end of your teens.
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1394
di akhir masa remaja.
10:58
You're learning about laughter
throughout your entire early adult life.
throughout your entire early adult life.
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3798
Anda belajar memahami tertawa
sepanjang masa awal usia dewasa Anda.
sepanjang masa awal usia dewasa Anda.
11:01
If we turn the question around and now say
not, what does the laughter sound like
not, what does the laughter sound like
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3802
Jika pertanyaannya dibalik, bukannya
seperti apa suara tertawa ini
seperti apa suara tertawa ini
11:05
in terms of being real
or posed, but we say,
or posed, but we say,
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2052
apakah asli atau dibuat-buat,
melainkan, apakah tawa itu mampu
membuat Anda tertawa,
membuat Anda tertawa,
11:07
how much does this laughter
make you want to laugh,
make you want to laugh,
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2484
apakah tawa itu dapat menular pada Anda,
maka ada temuan yang berbeda.
maka ada temuan yang berbeda.
11:10
how contagious is this laughter to you,
we see a different profile.
we see a different profile.
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3215
11:13
And here, the younger you are,
234
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1503
Yakni, semakin muda Anda,
11:14
the more you want to join in
when you hear laughter.
when you hear laughter.
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2434
maka akan semakin mudah Anda untuk
ikut tertawa.
ikut tertawa.
11:17
Remember me laughing with my parents
when I had no idea what was going on.
when I had no idea what was going on.
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3493
Ingat, saya ikut orang tua saya tertawa
tanpa mengerti yang ditertawakan.
tanpa mengerti yang ditertawakan.
11:20
You really can see this.
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1226
Kita paham akan hal ini.
11:22
Now everybody, young and old,
238
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1395
Semua orang,
tua atau muda,
tua atau muda,
11:23
finds the real laughs more contagious
than the posed laughs,
than the posed laughs,
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671416
2845
lebih mudah tertular oleh tawa asli
dibandingkan yang dibuat-buat,
dibandingkan yang dibuat-buat,
11:26
but as you get older, it all becomes
less contagious to you.
less contagious to you.
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2910
namun, dengan bertambahnya usia,
kita semakin sulit untuk ikut tertawa.
kita semakin sulit untuk ikut tertawa.
11:29
Now, either we're all just becoming
really grumpy as we get older,
really grumpy as we get older,
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4204
Apakah itu karena kita semakin tua
semakin cepat marah,
semakin cepat marah,
atau kita semakin baik memahami tawa,
11:33
or it may mean that as you
understand laughter better,
understand laughter better,
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2929
11:36
and you are getting better at doing that,
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2089
dan semakin baik kita memahaminya,
11:38
you need more than just
hearing people laugh to want to laugh.
hearing people laugh to want to laugh.
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2946
kita butuh lebih dari sekadar
tawa orang lain, untuk ikut tertawa.
tawa orang lain, untuk ikut tertawa.
11:41
You need the social stuff there.
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2647
Kita butuh faktor sosial di sini.
11:43
So we've got a very interesting behavior
246
691986
1974
Kita punya perilaku yang sangat menarik
11:45
about which a lot of our
lay assumptions are incorrect,
lay assumptions are incorrect,
247
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3153
dimana banyak asumsi kita yang keliru,
11:49
but I'm coming to see that actually
there's even more to laughter
there's even more to laughter
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namun, saya menemukan bahwa ada hal lain
yang lebih penting untuk ditelaah
yang lebih penting untuk ditelaah
11:52
than it's an important social emotion
we should look at,
we should look at,
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daripada menelaah emosi sosial saja,
11:55
because it turns out
people are phenomenally nuanced
people are phenomenally nuanced
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karena ada keberagaman yang fenomenal
11:58
in terms of how we use laughter.
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dalam menggunakan tawa.
12:00
There's a really lovely
set of studies coming out
set of studies coming out
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Ada beberapa penelitian
mengenai hal tersebut
mengenai hal tersebut
12:02
from Robert Levenson's lab in California,
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di Laboratorium Robert Levenson
di California,
di California,
12:04
where he's doing
a longitudinal study with couples.
a longitudinal study with couples.
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dimana ia melakukan penelitian jangka
panjang dengan beberapa pasangan.
panjang dengan beberapa pasangan.
12:07
He gets married couples,
men and women, into the lab,
men and women, into the lab,
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Pasangan yang menikah ini diundang ke lab
12:09
and he gives them
stressful conversations to have
stressful conversations to have
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dan diatur agar terjadi percakapan
yang membuat mereka stress
yang membuat mereka stress
12:12
while he wires them up to a polygraph
so he can see them becoming stressed.
so he can see them becoming stressed.
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yang direkam pada poligraf
untuk diamati kemunculan gejala stressnya.
untuk diamati kemunculan gejala stressnya.
12:15
So you've got the two of them in there,
and he'll say to the husband,
and he'll say to the husband,
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Jadi, ada dua orang di lab,
dan ia bilang pada sang suami,
dan ia bilang pada sang suami,
12:18
"Tell me something that your wife does
that irritates you."
that irritates you."
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"Katakan apa tindakan isteri Anda
yang menyebalkan."
yang menyebalkan."
12:21
And what you see is immediately --
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Dan segera setelahnya --
12:23
just run that one through your head
briefly, you and your partner --
briefly, you and your partner --
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coba bayangkan sejenak,
bila itu Anda dan pasangan Anda --
bila itu Anda dan pasangan Anda --
bagaimana Anda berdua mulai sedikit
merasa stress segera setelah itu dimulai.
merasa stress segera setelah itu dimulai.
12:26
you can imagine everybody gets a bit
more stressed as soon as that starts.
more stressed as soon as that starts.
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12:30
You can see physically,
people become more stressed.
people become more stressed.
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Secara fisik, akan terlihat
orang mulai stress.
orang mulai stress.
12:33
What he finds is that the couples
who manage that feeling of stress
who manage that feeling of stress
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Yang Robert temukan adalah bahwa
pasangan yang mengelola stress mereka
pasangan yang mengelola stress mereka
12:39
with laughter,
positive emotions like laughter,
positive emotions like laughter,
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dengan tawa,
emosi positif seperti tertawa,
emosi positif seperti tertawa,
12:42
not only immediately become less stressed,
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tidak hanya segera berkurang
level stressnya,
level stressnya,
12:46
they can see them
physically feeling better,
physically feeling better,
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tapi juga nampak lebih baik secara fisik,
12:48
they're dealing with this
unpleasant situation better together,
unpleasant situation better together,
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mereka menghadapi situasi tak enak ini
bersama-sama dengan lebih baik,
bersama-sama dengan lebih baik,
12:52
they are also the couples that report
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ada juga pasangan yang melaporkan
tingkat kepuasan yang tinggi
atas hubungan mereka
atas hubungan mereka
12:53
high levels of satisfaction
in their relationship
in their relationship
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dan hubungan mereka bertahan
lebih lama.
lebih lama.
12:56
and they stay together for longer.
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12:57
So in fact, when you look
at close relationships,
at close relationships,
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Jadi, jika kita mengamati
hubungan yang erat,
hubungan yang erat,
13:00
laughter is a phenomenally useful index
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tertawa adalah indeks yang sangat berguna
13:02
of how people are regulating
their emotions together.
their emotions together.
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untuk melihat bagaimana orang
mengatur emosinya bersama-sama.
mengatur emosinya bersama-sama.
13:04
We're not just emitting it at each other
to show that we like each other,
to show that we like each other,
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Kita tidak hanya memperlihatkan rasa suka
satu sama lain,
satu sama lain,
13:08
we're making ourselves
feel better together.
feel better together.
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namun kita membuat diri kita
merasa semakin baik.
merasa semakin baik.
13:10
Now, I don't think this is going
to be limited to romantic relationships.
to be limited to romantic relationships.
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Saya pikir ini tidak hanya berlaku
pada hubungan percintaan saja.
pada hubungan percintaan saja.
13:13
I think this is probably
going to be a characteristic
going to be a characteristic
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Ini juga merupakan karakteristik
hubungan emosional yang dekat
seperti halnya Anda dengan teman Anda,
seperti halnya Anda dengan teman Anda,
13:16
of close emotional relationships
such as you might have with friends,
such as you might have with friends,
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yang menjelaskan video saya berikutnya,
13:19
which explains my next clip,
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13:21
which is of a YouTube video of some
young men in the former East Germany
young men in the former East Germany
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sebuah video YouTube tentang
anak muda dari bekas negara Jerman Timur
anak muda dari bekas negara Jerman Timur
13:24
on making a video to promote
their heavy metal band,
their heavy metal band,
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yang sedang membuat sebuah video promosi
band Heavy Metal mereka,
band Heavy Metal mereka,
dan video ini sangat maskulin,
dengan nuansa yang sangat serius,
dengan nuansa yang sangat serius,
13:28
and it's extremely macho,
and the mood is very serious,
and the mood is very serious,
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13:31
and I want you to notice
what happens in terms of laughter
what happens in terms of laughter
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dan coba perhatikan yang terjadi,
dalam konteks tertawa,
dalam konteks tertawa,
ketika terjadi kesalahan
13:34
when things go wrong
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13:36
and how quickly that happens,
and how that changes the mood.
and how that changes the mood.
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dan betapa cepatnya tawa
dan perubahan suasana terjadi.
dan perubahan suasana terjadi.
13:41
He's cold. He's about to get wet.
He's got swimming trunks on,
He's got swimming trunks on,
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Ia kedinginan. Ia akan basah.
Ia memakai celana renang,
Ia memakai celana renang,
13:44
got a towel.
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mengambil handuk.
Es.
13:48
Ice.
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13:50
What might possibly happen?
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Apa yang terjadi kemudian?
13:54
Video starts.
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Video dimulai.
13:57
Serious mood.
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Suasana yang serius.
14:06
And his friends are already laughing.
They are already laughing, hard.
They are already laughing, hard.
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Dan teman-temannya sudah tertawa.
Dan mereka tertawa, dengan keras.
Dan mereka tertawa, dengan keras.
Sementara itu, dia belum tertawa.
14:11
He's not laughing yet.
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14:14
(Laughter)
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(Hadirin tertawa)
14:16
He's starting to go now.
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Dan dia mulai tertawa sekarang.
14:25
And now they're all off.
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Dan mereka semua tertawa.
14:27
(Laughter)
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(Hadirin tertawa).
14:44
They're on the floor.
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Mereka terguling-guling di lantai.
14:46
(Laughter)
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(Hadirin tertawa).
14:55
The thing I really like about that
is it's all very serious
is it's all very serious
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Yang paling saya suka adalah
suasananya nampak sangat serius
suasananya nampak sangat serius
14:59
until he jumps onto the ice, and
as soon as he doesn't go through the ice,
as soon as he doesn't go through the ice,
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sampai saat ia meloncat ke kolam es, dan
segera setelah ia tidak bisa tembus,
segera setelah ia tidak bisa tembus,
15:02
but also there isn't blood
and bone everywhere,
and bone everywhere,
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tapi memang ia tidak terluka dan celaka,
15:05
his friends start laughing.
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1573
teman-temannya mulai tertawa.
15:06
And imagine if that had played him out
with him standing there going,
with him standing there going,
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Dan bayangkan jika ia berdiri dan
kemudian berkata,
kemudian berkata,
15:09
"No seriously, Heinrich,
I think this is broken,"
I think this is broken,"
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897992
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"Serius, nih, Heinrich,
rasanya tulang saya patah,"
rasanya tulang saya patah,"
15:12
we wouldn't enjoy watching that.
That would be stressful.
That would be stressful.
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pasti kita akan stress menontonnya.
Atau, kalau ia berlari-lari
dengan kaki patah dan tertawa,
dengan kaki patah dan tertawa,
15:15
Or if he was running around
with a visibly broken leg laughing,
with a visibly broken leg laughing,
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dan diberitahu,
"Heinrich, kita harus segera ke RS,"
"Heinrich, kita harus segera ke RS,"
15:18
and his friends are going, "Heinrich, I
think we need to go to the hospital now,"
think we need to go to the hospital now,"
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Nah, itu juga tidak akan lucu.
Fakta bahwa tertawa mampu
15:22
that also wouldn't be funny.
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mengubahnya dari situasi
yang menyakitkan, memalukan, dan sulit,
yang menyakitkan, memalukan, dan sulit,
15:23
The fact that the laughter works,
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911407
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15:25
it gets him from a painful,
embarrassing, difficult situation,
embarrassing, difficult situation,
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2962
ke situasi yang lucu,
yang dapat kita nikmati menontonnya,
yang dapat kita nikmati menontonnya,
15:28
into a funny situation, into what we're
actually enjoying there,
actually enjoying there,
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dan saya rasa, itulah manfaat tawa
yang sangat menarik,
yang sangat menarik,
15:31
and I think that's
a really interesting use,
a really interesting use,
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dan hal itu terjadi setiap saat.
Misalnya, saya ingat
kejadian semacam ini
kejadian semacam ini
15:33
and it's actually happening all the time.
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921303
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15:35
For example, I can remember
something like this happening
something like this happening
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terjadi pada saat pemakaman ayah saya.
Tentu saja kami tidak melompat
ke kolam es dengan pakaian dalam.
ke kolam es dengan pakaian dalam.
15:37
at my father's funeral.
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15:39
We weren't jumping around
on the ice in our underpants.
on the ice in our underpants.
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Kami bukan orang Kanada.
15:41
We're not Canadian.
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(Hadiri tertawa dan tepuk tangan)
15:44
(Laughter) (Applause)
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15:46
These events are always difficult, I had
a relative who was being a bit difficult,
a relative who was being a bit difficult,
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Pemakaman itu selalu menyedihkan,
ada kerabat kami yang sedih,
ada kerabat kami yang sedih,
15:50
my mum was not in a good place,
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1530
ibu saya juga berduka,
dan saya masih ingat
sebelum semuanya bersedih
sebelum semuanya bersedih
15:52
and I can remember finding myself
just before the whole thing started
just before the whole thing started
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15:55
telling this story about something
that happened in a 1970s sitcom,
that happened in a 1970s sitcom,
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saya menceritakan adegan
sinetron komedi tahun 1970-an,
sinetron komedi tahun 1970-an,
dan saat itu saya pikir,
kenapa saya lakukan ini,
kenapa saya lakukan ini,
15:59
and I just thought at the time,
I don't know why I'm doing this,
I don't know why I'm doing this,
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2438
16:02
and what I realized I was doing
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lalu saya sadar
yang saya lakukan ialah,
yang saya lakukan ialah,
16:04
was I was coming up with
something from somewhere
something from somewhere
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menceritakan hal lain
16:07
I could use to make her laugh
together with me.
together with me.
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yang dapat saya gunakan untuk
membuat kami tertawa bersama.
membuat kami tertawa bersama.
16:11
It was a very basic reaction
to find some reason we can do this.
to find some reason we can do this.
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Itu adalah reaksi sederhana
untuk dapat melewati kesedihan.
untuk dapat melewati kesedihan.
16:14
We can laugh together.
We're going to get through this.
We're going to get through this.
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Kita bisa tertawa bersama.
Kita bisa melewati hal ini bersama.
Kita bisa melewati hal ini bersama.
16:17
We're going to be okay.
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1496
Kita akan baik-baik saja.
Dan faktanya, kita semua melakukan
hal semacam itu setiap saat.
hal semacam itu setiap saat.
16:19
And in fact, all of us
are doing this all the time.
are doing this all the time.
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16:21
You do it so often,
you don't even notice it.
you don't even notice it.
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Anda sering melakukannya,
meski tidak menyadarinya.
meski tidak menyadarinya.
16:23
Everybody underestimates
how often they laugh,
how often they laugh,
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Semua menyepelekan seberapa
sering mereka tertawa,
sering mereka tertawa,
16:26
and you're doing something,
when you laugh with people,
when you laugh with people,
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dan Anda melakukan sesuatu
ketika Anda tertawa dengan orang lain,
ketika Anda tertawa dengan orang lain,
16:29
that's actually letting you access
a really ancient evolutionary system
a really ancient evolutionary system
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yang membuat Anda mengakses
sistem evolusi yang sangat kuno
sistem evolusi yang sangat kuno
dimana mamalia berevolusi guna membuat
dan mempertahankan ikatan sosial,
dan mempertahankan ikatan sosial,
16:33
that mammals have evolved
to make and maintain social bonds,
to make and maintain social bonds,
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981949
3807
16:37
and clearly to regulate emotions,
to make ourselves feel better.
to make ourselves feel better.
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3390
dan untuk mengatur emosi,
untuk membuat dirinya merasa lebih baik.
untuk membuat dirinya merasa lebih baik.
Hal itu tidak hanya terjadi pada manusia
saja -- itu perilaku yang sangat kuno
saja -- itu perilaku yang sangat kuno
16:41
It's not something specific to humans --
it's a really ancient behavior
it's a really ancient behavior
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3390
16:44
which really helps us regulate how we feel
and makes us feel better.
and makes us feel better.
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4064
yang sangat membantu kita mengatur
perasaan kita
perasaan kita
dan membuat kita merasa lebih baik.
16:48
In other words, when it comes to laughter,
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Dengan kata lain,
ketika kita tertawa,
ketika kita tertawa,
saya dan Anda,
tidaklah lebih dari seekor mamalia.
tidaklah lebih dari seekor mamalia.
16:51
you and me, baby, ain't nothing
but mammals. (Laughter)
but mammals. (Laughter)
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Terima kasih.
16:54
Thank you.
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(Hadirin tertawa)
16:56
Thank you. (Applause)
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Terima kasih.
(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sophie Scott - Neuroscientist, stand-up comicWhile exploring the neuroscience of speech and vocal behavior, Sophie Scott stumbled upon a surprising second vocation: making audiences laugh as a stand-up comic.
Why you should listen
As deputy director of the University College London’s Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Sophie Scott seeks out the neurological basis of communication, whether it’s speech or vocalized emotion.
As a pioneering researcher in the science of laughter, she’s made some unexpected discoveries -- including that rats are ticklish, and that the one tactic that’s almost guaranteed to get someone to laugh is to show them someone else laughing. But as an occasional stand-up comedian with UCL’s Bright Club, she shows that she’s no slouch at getting laughs herself.
Sophie Scott | Speaker | TED.com