TEDGlobal 2009
Karen Armstrong: Let's revive the Golden Rule
Karen Armstrong: Mari bangkitkan lagi Hukum Terutama
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Beberapa minggu setelah peluncuran Charter for Compassion, Karen Armstrong melihat peran agama di abad 21: Apakah ajaran-ajarannya memecah belah kita? Atau justru menyatukan kita untuk kebaikan yang lebih besar? Ia berpikir ulang dalam mendorong agama-agama dunia untuk menemukan kembali Hukum Terutama.
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
For years I've been feeling frustrated,
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Bertahun-tahun saya frustasi
00:16
because as a religious historian,
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karena sebagai ahli sejarah agama,
00:19
I've become acutely aware
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saya sangat menyadari
00:21
of the centrality of compassion
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pentingnya belas kasih
00:24
in all the major world faiths.
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di dalam semua agama besar.
00:27
Every single one of them
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Setiap agama
00:29
has evolved their own version
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memiliki caranya masing-masing
00:31
of what's been called the Golden Rule.
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dalam melakukan yang disebut Hukum Terutama.
00:34
Sometimes it comes in a positive version --
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Kadang hukum itu hadir dalam versi positif --
00:37
"Always treat all others as you'd like to be treated yourself."
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"Perlakukan orang lain seperti engkau ingin diperlakukan."
00:41
And equally important
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Dan yang sama pentingnya
00:43
is the negative version --
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adalah versi sebaliknya --
00:46
"Don't do to others what you would not like them to do to you."
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"Jangan perlakukan orang lain seperti engkau tidak ingin diperlakukan."
00:51
Look into your own heart,
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Lihatlah ke dalam hati Anda.
00:53
discover what it is that gives you pain
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Coba cari tahu apa yang menyakiti Anda.
00:56
and then refuse, under any circumstance whatsoever,
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Kemudian hindarkan, dalam keadaan apapun
01:00
to inflict that pain on anybody else.
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untuk menyakiti orang lain dengan cara yang serupa.
01:04
And people have emphasized the importance of compassion,
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Orang menyadari pentingnya belas kasih,
01:09
not just because it sounds good,
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bukan karena terdengar baik,
01:11
but because it works.
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tapi karena manfaatnya.
01:14
People have found that when they have
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Orang baru akan menyadarinya ketika mereka
01:17
implemented the Golden Rule
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telah melakukan Hukum Terutama
01:19
as Confucius said, "all day and every day,"
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seperti yang Konfusius katakan, "sepanjang hari, setiap hari,"
01:23
not just a question of doing your good deed for the day
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bukan hanya berbuat kebaikan untuk sehari
01:25
and then returning to a life of greed
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kemudian kembali lagi hidup tamak
01:28
and egotism,
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dan egois,
01:30
but to do it all day and every day,
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tapi dengan melakukannya sepanjang hari dan setiap hari,
01:33
you dethrone yourself from the center of your world,
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Anda melepas pusat perhatian dari diri Anda sendiri,
01:37
put another there, and you transcend yourself.
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meletakkannya jauh di sana, dan kemudian melewati ego diri Anda.
01:40
And it brings you into the presence
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Dan membawa Anda kepada
01:43
of what's been called God, Nirvana, Rama, Tao.
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apa yang disebut sebagai Tuhan, Nirwana, Rama, Tao.
01:47
Something that goes beyond
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Sesuatu yang melampaui
01:49
what we know in our ego-bound existence.
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batasan diri kita.
01:54
But you know you'd never know it a lot of the time,
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Tapi mungkin saja Anda baru tahu
01:56
that this was so central to the religious life.
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bahwa hukum ini sangat penting dalam kehidupan yang religius.
01:59
Because with a few wonderful exceptions,
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Karena dengan beberapa pengecualian,
02:02
very often when religious people come together,
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sering sekali ketika orang-orang religius berkumpul,
02:05
religious leaders come together, they're arguing about abstruse doctrines
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pemuka agama bertemu, mereka berdebat tentang doktrin
02:11
or uttering a council of hatred
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atau menyebarkan kebencian
02:15
or inveighing against homosexuality or something of that sort.
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atau memerangi homoseksual dan sejenisnya.
02:20
Often people don't really want to be compassionate.
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Kadang orang tidak benar-benar ingin berbelas kasih.
02:22
I sometimes see
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Saya sesekali melihat
02:24
when I'm speaking to a congregation of religious people
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ketika sedang berbicara dengan sekelompok kaum religius
02:27
a sort of mutinous expression crossing their faces
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muncul ekspresi wajah yang mengerikan dari mereka
02:30
because people often want to be right instead.
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karena orang ingin selalu merasa benar.
02:34
And that of course defeats the object of the exercise.
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Pada akhirnya ini berlawanan dengan tujuan kita.
02:38
Now why was I so grateful to TED?
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Nah, mengapa saya sangat berterima kasih kepada TED?
02:42
Because they took me very gently
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Karena mereka melihat saya dengan lembut
02:48
from my book-lined study
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dari sudut pandang akademis saya
02:51
and brought me into the 21st century,
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dan membawa saya ke Abad Dua Puluh Satu,
02:53
enabling me to speak to a much, much wider audience
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saya bisa berbicara dengan pendengar yang lebih luas
02:57
than I could have ever conceived.
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dari yang bisa saya pikirkan.
02:59
Because I feel an urgency about this.
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Karena saya merasakan pentingnya hal ini.
03:02
If we don't manage to implement
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Bila kita tidak melakukan
03:05
the Golden Rule globally,
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Hukum Terutama secara global,
03:09
so that we treat all peoples, wherever and whoever they may be,
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agar kita memperlakukan orang, dimanapun dan siapapun,
03:13
as though they were as important as ourselves,
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seakan-akan mereka sama pentingnya seperti diri kita,
03:16
I doubt that we'll have
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Saya ragu kita akan punya
03:18
a viable world to hand on to the next generation.
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dunia yang baik untuk diberikan kepada generasi berikutnya.
03:21
The task of our time,
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Tugas kita sekarang,
03:23
one of the great tasks of our time,
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satu tugas besar kita sekarang,
03:26
is to build a global society, as I said,
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adalah membangun komunitas global, seperti yang saya sebutkan,
03:28
where people can live together in peace.
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di mana orang hidup berdampingan dalam damai.
03:31
And the religions that should be making a major contribution
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Dan agama, yang seharusnya menjadi kontributor terbesar
03:35
are instead seen as part of the problem.
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seringkali justru menjadi bagian dari masalah.
03:39
And of course it's not just religious people who believe in the Golden Rule.
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Dan bukan hanya orang-orang beragama saja yang percaya akan Hukum Terutama.
03:45
This is the source of all morality,
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Inilah sumber moralitas,
03:48
this imaginative act of empathy,
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perbuatan empati,
03:51
putting yourself in the place of another.
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menempatkan diri Anda sebagai orang lain.
03:54
And so we have a choice, it seems to me.
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Sehingga kita akan punya pilihan.
03:58
We can either go on bringing out or emphasizing
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Kita bisa terus berfokus pada
04:03
the dogmatic and intolerant aspects of our faith,
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bagian-bagian ajaran agama yang tidak toleran,
04:07
or we can go back to
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atau kita bisa seperti
04:11
the rabbis. Rabbi Hillel, the older contemporary of Jesus,
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Rabi Hillel, yang hidup semasa dengan Yesus,
04:16
who, when asked by a pagan
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yang ketika ditanya oleh para penyembah berhala
04:19
to sum up the whole of Jewish teaching while he stood on one leg,
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untuk merangkum seluruh ajaran Yahudi sambil berdiri dengan satu kaki,
04:24
said, "That which is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor.
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menjawab, "Yang kau benci, jangan lakukan terhadap tetanggamu.
04:28
That is the Torah and everything else is only commentary."
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Itulah Taurat, selebihnya hanya tambahan."
04:33
And the rabbis and the early fathers of the church who said that
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Dan seperti para rabi serta gembala gereja terawal yang berkata
04:37
any interpretation of scripture
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setiap penafsiran alkitab
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that bred hatred and disdain was illegitimate.
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yang menimbulkan kebencian dan perpecahan tidaklah sah.
04:44
And we need to revive that spirit.
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Dan kita harus membangkitkan lagi semangat tersebut.
04:47
And it's not just going to happen
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Dan ini tidak terjadi
04:49
because a spirit of love wafts us down.
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hanya karena semangat kasih sayang turun atas kita.
04:52
We have to make this happen,
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Kita harus mewujudkannya,
04:54
and we can do it
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dan kita bisa melakukannya
04:56
with the modern communications
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dengan komunikasi modern
04:58
that TED has introduced.
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yang TED perkenalkan.
05:00
Already I've been tremendously heartened
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Diri saya cukup sering dikuatkan
05:03
at the response of all our partners.
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berkat respon dari rekan-rekan kita.
05:06
In Singapore, we have a group
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Di Singapura ada sebuah kelompok
05:10
going to use the Charter to heal divisions
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yang akan menggunakan Charter ini untuk menghilangkan perpecahan
05:14
recently that have sprung up in Singaporean society,
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yang baru-baru ini muncul di masyarakat Singapura,
05:18
and some members of the parliament want
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dan beberapa anggota parlemen ingin
05:21
to implement it politically.
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mengimplementasikannya secara politik.
05:24
In Malaysia, there is going to be an art exhibition
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Di Malaysia ada sebuah pameran seni
05:28
in which leading artists are going to be
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di mana seniman utamanya adalah
05:31
taking people, young people,
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anak-anak muda,
05:35
and showing them that compassion also lies
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dan menunjukkan kepada mereka bahwa belas kasih juga
05:37
at the root of all art.
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terdapat di akar semua seni.
05:40
Throughout Europe, the Muslim communities
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Di seluruh Eropa, komunitas Muslim
05:44
are holding events and discussions,
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menyelenggarakan acara dan diskusi
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are discussing the centrality of compassion
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mengenai pentingnya belas kasih
05:50
in Islam and in all faiths.
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di Islam dan agama-agama lain.
05:52
But it can't stop there. It can't stop with the launch.
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Tapi semua ini tidak boleh berhenti begitu saja. Tidak berhenti di peluncurannya.
05:55
Religious teaching, this is where we've gone so wrong,
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Dalam pengajaran agama, di sini kita sering melakukan kesalahan,
05:58
concentrating solely on believing abstruse doctrines.
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kita berkonsentrasi hanya pada doktrin.
06:02
Religious teaching must always lead to action.
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Pengajaran agama seharusnya berpangkal pada perbuatan.
06:07
And I intend to work on this till my dying day.
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Dan ini yang ingin saya kerjakan sampai hari kematian saya tiba.
06:11
And I want to continue with our partners
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Dan saya ingin melanjutkannya bersama rekan-rekan saya
06:16
to do two things --
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untuk melakukan dua hal --
06:18
educate and stimulate compassionate thinking.
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mengedukasi dan memicu pola pikir mengasihi.
06:25
Education because we've so
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Edukasi, karena kenyataannya kehidupan kita sangat
06:28
dropped out of compassion.
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jauh dari belas kasih.
06:30
People often think it simply means
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Orang kadang berpikir itu artinya
06:32
feeling sorry for somebody.
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merasa kasihan akan seseorang.
06:34
But of course you don't understand compassion
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Tapi tentu saja Anda tidak akan mengerti belas kasih
06:37
if you're just going to think about it.
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bila hanya dipikirkan saja.
06:39
You also have to do it.
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Anda juga harus melakukannya.
06:41
I want them to get the media involved
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Saya ingin melibatkan media
06:44
because the media are crucial
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karena media sangatlah penting
06:46
in helping to dissolve some of the stereotypical views
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dalam membantu menghilangkan pandangan stereotipikal
06:49
we have of other people,
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terhadap orang lain,
06:51
which are dividing us from one another.
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yang pada akhirnya akan memecah belah kita.
06:53
The same applies to educators.
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Hal yang sama berlaku pada para pengajar.
06:56
I'd like youth to get a sense of
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Saya ingin anak-anak muda mendapat kesan
07:00
the dynamism, the dynamic and challenge
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betapa dinamis dan menantangnya
07:04
of a compassionate lifestyle.
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gaya hidup yang saling menyayangi sesama itu.
07:06
And also see that it demands acute intelligence,
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Juga patut dilihat bahwa hal ini membutuhkan kepintaran,
07:09
not just a gooey feeling.
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bukan hanya sekedar sikap yang lembut.
07:12
I'd like to call upon scholars to explore
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Saya ingin menantang para akademisi untuk mengeksplorasi
07:15
the compassionate theme
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topik-topik mengenai belas kasih
07:17
in their own and in other people's traditions.
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di dalam tradisi mereka sendiri dan juga tradisi orang lain.
07:21
And perhaps above all,
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Dan mungkin di atas semuanya,
07:23
to encourage a sensitivity about
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untuk mendorong orang agar sensitif mengenai
07:27
uncompassionate speaking,
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pembicaraan yang kasar.
07:29
so that because people have this Charter,
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Karena orang akan memiliki Charter ini,
07:32
whatever their beliefs or lack of them,
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bahwa apapun kepercayaannya, termasuk juga yang tidak memegang kepercayaan apapun
07:36
they feel empowered
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mereka akan merasa berkewajiban
07:38
to challenge uncompassionate speech,
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untuk menantang pembicaraan yang kasar,
07:42
disdainful remarks
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perkataan yang menghinakan,
07:44
from their religious leaders, their political leaders,
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dari pemuka agama, pemimpin politik,
07:47
from the captains of industry.
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dari kapten-kapten industri.
07:49
Because we can change the world,
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Karena kita dapat mengubah dunia,
07:51
we have the ability.
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kita punya kemampuannya.
07:54
I would never have thought of putting the Charter online.
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Saya tidak pernah berpikir untuk meletakkan Charter ini secara online.
07:57
I was still stuck in the old world
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Saya masih terhimpit di dunia lama
07:59
of a whole bunch of boffins sitting together in a room
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tempat sekumpulan ilmuwan duduk bersama di satu ruangan
08:02
and issuing yet another arcane statement.
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dan membicarakan hal-hal yang rumit untuk dimengerti.
08:05
And TED introduced me to a whole new way
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Dan TED membawa saya kepada cara baru
08:08
of thinking and presenting ideas.
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dalam berpikir dan menyebarkan ide.
08:10
Because that is what is so wonderful about TED.
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Karena inilah yang menakjubkan dari TED.
08:13
In this room, all this expertise,
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Di ruangan ini, semua keahlian ini,
08:18
if we joined it all together,
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bila kita menggabungkan semua ini
08:20
we could change the world.
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kita dapat mengubah dunia.
08:22
And of course the problems sometimes seem insuperable.
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Kadang masalah terlihat tak mungkin untuk dipecahkan.
08:27
But I'd just like to quote, finish at the end
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Tapi bila saya boleh mengutip
08:30
with a reference to a British author, an Oxford author
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dari seorang penulis Inggris, penulis Oxford
08:34
whom I don't quote very often,
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yang saya sebetulnya jarang kutip.
08:36
C.S. Lewis.
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C.S. Lewis.
08:38
But he wrote one thing that stuck in my mind
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Dia menulis sesuatu yang masih saya ingat
08:40
ever since I read it when I was a schoolgirl.
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sejak saya membacanya semasa sekolah.
08:43
It's in his book "The Four Loves."
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Dalam bukunya The Four Loves.
08:46
He said that he distinguished between erotic love,
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Ia katakan, bahwa ada bedanya antara cinta erotis,
08:50
when two people gaze, spellbound, into each other's eyes.
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ketika dua orang saling menatap, saling terpesona satu sama lain.
08:56
And then he compared that to friendship,
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Kemudian ia bandingkan dengan persahabatan.
08:59
when two people stand side by side, as it were, shoulder to shoulder,
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Ketika dua orang berdiri berdampingan, saling bahu membahu,
09:03
with their eyes fixed on a common goal.
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dengan mata tertuju pada tujuan yang sama.
09:07
We don't have to fall in love with each other,
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Kita tidak harus jatuh cinta kepada satu sama lain,
09:12
but we can become friends.
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tapi kita semua bisa bersahabat.
09:15
And I am convinced.
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Dan saya yakin.
09:17
I felt it very strongly
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Saya merasakannya begitu kuat
09:20
during our little deliberations at Vevey,
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selama konferensi kecil kami di Vevey,
09:24
that when people of all different persuasions
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bahwa ketika orang-orang dengan pandangan yang berbeda
09:28
come together, working side by side
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datang bersama, bekerja berdampingan
09:32
for a common goal,
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untuk tujuan yang sama,
09:34
differences melt away.
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perbedaan itu mencair.
09:36
And we learn amity.
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Dan kita belajar mengenai persahabatan.
09:38
And we learn to live together and to get to know one another.
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Dan kita belajar untuk hidup bersama dan saling mengenal satu sama lain.
09:43
Thank you very much.
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Terima kasih banyak.
09:45
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholarKaren Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world.
Why you should listen
Religious thinker Karen Armstrong has written more than 20 books on faith and the major religions, studying what Islam, Judaism and Christianity have in common, and how our faiths shaped world history and drive current events.
A former nun, Armstrong has written two books about this experience: Through the Narrow Gate, about her seven years in the convent, and The Spiral Staircase, about her subsequent spiritual awakening, when she developed her iconoclastic take on the major monotheistic religions -- and on the strains of fundamentalism common to all. She is a powerful voice for ecumenical understanding.
Armstrong's 2008 TED Prize wish asked the world to help her create the Charter for Compassion, a document based on the Golden Rule: that we should treat others how we would want to be treated. In fall 2008, the first draft of the charter was written by the world, via a multilingual website that allowed all to comment. In February 2009, the words were given to the Council of Conscience, a gathering of religious leaders and thinkers, who crafted the final document based on global input. The Charter was officially launched in November 2009. It has been signed by notable world leaders including Pope Benedict XVI, the Dalai Lama, Desmond Tutu, Deepak Chopra and Muhammad Ali. The Charter has led to the creation of the Charter for Compassion International (CCI) organization, the Compassionate Communities campaign, and Global Compassion Council -- a group of leaders continuing the movement around the the world.
Karen Armstrong | Speaker | TED.com