TEDGlobal 2009
Karen Armstrong: Let's revive the Golden Rule
Karen Armstrong: Hajde da oživimo zlatno pravilo
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Nedeljama nakon pokretanja Povelje saosećanja, Karen Armstrong razmatra ulogu religije u 21. veku. Da li će nas njene dogme podeliti ili će nas ujediniti zarad opšte dobrobiti? Ona preispituje katalizatore koji mogu podstaći svetske vere da iznova otkriju zlatno pravilo.
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
For years I've been feeling frustrated,
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Godinama se osećam frustrirano jer sam,
00:16
because as a religious historian,
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kao istoričar religije,
00:19
I've become acutely aware
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postala bolno svesna
00:21
of the centrality of compassion
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centralnog mesta saosećanja
00:24
in all the major world faiths.
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u svim većim svetskim verama.
00:27
Every single one of them
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Svaka od njih
00:29
has evolved their own version
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je razvila sopstvenu verziju
00:31
of what's been called the Golden Rule.
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onoga što se naziva zlatno pravilo.
00:34
Sometimes it comes in a positive version --
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Ponekad bude u pozitivnoj verziji:
„Uvek se ophodite prema svima ostalima
kao što želite da se ophode prema vama.“
kao što želite da se ophode prema vama.“
00:37
"Always treat all others as you'd like to be treated yourself."
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00:41
And equally important
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Podjednako je važna
00:43
is the negative version --
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i negativna verzija:
„Ne činite drugima ono što ne biste
želeli da oni čine vama.“
želeli da oni čine vama.“
00:46
"Don't do to others what you would not like them to do to you."
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Pogledajte u svoje srce,
00:51
Look into your own heart,
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00:53
discover what it is that gives you pain
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otkrijte šta je to što vam zadaje bol
00:56
and then refuse, under any circumstance whatsoever,
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i zatim odbijte da,
pod bilo kojim okolnostima,
pod bilo kojim okolnostima,
nanesete taj bol bilo kome drugom.
01:00
to inflict that pain on anybody else.
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Ljudi su naglašavali značaj saosećanja
01:04
And people have emphasized the importance of compassion,
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01:09
not just because it sounds good,
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ne samo zato što zvuči dobro,
01:11
but because it works.
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već zato što deluje.
01:14
People have found that when they have
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Ljudi su shvatili da,
kada primenjuju zlatno pravilo
kada primenjuju zlatno pravilo
01:17
implemented the Golden Rule
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onako kako je Konfučije rekao,
„ceo dan i svaki dan“,
„ceo dan i svaki dan“,
01:19
as Confucius said, "all day and every day,"
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a ne samo da učine dobro delo tog dana
01:23
not just a question of doing your good deed for the day
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01:25
and then returning to a life of greed
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i zatim se vrate životu
pohlepe i egotizma,
pohlepe i egotizma,
01:28
and egotism,
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01:30
but to do it all day and every day,
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već kada to činite ceo dan i svaki dan,
01:33
you dethrone yourself from the center of your world,
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svrgavate sebe sa prestola
u centru svog sveta,
u centru svog sveta,
postavljate tamo drugu osobu
i nadilazite sebe.
i nadilazite sebe.
01:37
put another there, and you transcend yourself.
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01:40
And it brings you into the presence
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To vas dovodi u prisustvo
01:43
of what's been called God, Nirvana, Rama, Tao.
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onoga što se naziva bog,
nirvana, Rama, Tao.
nirvana, Rama, Tao.
01:47
Something that goes beyond
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To je nešto što prevazilazi
01:49
what we know in our ego-bound existence.
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ono što nam je poznato
u našem postojanju ograničenom egom.
u našem postojanju ograničenom egom.
Međutim, često nećete primetiti
01:54
But you know you'd never know it a lot of the time,
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01:56
that this was so central to the religious life.
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da je ovo tako važno u religioznom životu
01:59
Because with a few wonderful exceptions,
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zato što, pored nekoliko divnih izuzetaka,
02:02
very often when religious people come together,
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vrlo često, kada se religiozni ljudi,
religijski predvodnici okupe,
religijski predvodnici okupe,
02:05
religious leaders come together, they're arguing about abstruse doctrines
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oni raspravljaju o nejasnim doktrinama,
02:11
or uttering a council of hatred
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koriste govor mržnje u svojim odborima,
osuđuju homoseksualnost
ili nešto poput toga.
ili nešto poput toga.
02:15
or inveighing against homosexuality or something of that sort.
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Ljudi često ne žele da budu saosećajni.
02:20
Often people don't really want to be compassionate.
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02:22
I sometimes see
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Ponekad vidim,
02:24
when I'm speaking to a congregation of religious people
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kada govorim pred kongregacijama
religioznih ljudi,
religioznih ljudi,
02:27
a sort of mutinous expression crossing their faces
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nešto poput buntovnog izraza lica
02:30
because people often want to be right instead.
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jer bi ljudi često radije da budu u pravu,
02:34
And that of course defeats the object of the exercise.
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a to, naravno, poništava
svrhu sprovođenja.
svrhu sprovođenja.
02:38
Now why was I so grateful to TED?
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Zašto sam tako zahvalna TED-u?
02:42
Because they took me very gently
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Zato što me je nežno otrgnuo
02:48
from my book-lined study
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od mog knjiškog izučavanja
i doveo me u 21. vek,
02:51
and brought me into the 21st century,
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omogućivši mi da se obratim
mnogo, mnogo široj publici
mnogo, mnogo široj publici
02:53
enabling me to speak to a much, much wider audience
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02:57
than I could have ever conceived.
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nego što sam ikada mogla da zamislim,
02:59
Because I feel an urgency about this.
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jer osećam da ovo iziskuje
brzo reagovanje.
brzo reagovanje.
03:02
If we don't manage to implement
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Ako ne uspemo da globalno primenimo
zlatno pravilo
zlatno pravilo
03:05
the Golden Rule globally,
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tako da tretiramo sve ljude,
03:09
so that we treat all peoples, wherever and whoever they may be,
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gde god i ko god da su,
03:13
as though they were as important as ourselves,
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kao da su važni kao i mi sami,
03:16
I doubt that we'll have
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sumnjam da ćemo imati održivi svet
03:18
a viable world to hand on to the next generation.
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koji ćemo predati narednoj generaciji.
03:21
The task of our time,
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Zadatak našeg vremena,
03:23
one of the great tasks of our time,
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jedan od velikih zadataka našeg vremena,
jeste da izgradimo globalno gruštvo,
kao što sam rekla,
kao što sam rekla,
03:26
is to build a global society, as I said,
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03:28
where people can live together in peace.
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u kome ljudi mogu da žive zajedno u miru.
A religije, koje bi trebalo
da dosta tome doprinose,
da dosta tome doprinose,
03:31
And the religions that should be making a major contribution
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03:35
are instead seen as part of the problem.
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umesto toga se doživljavaju
kao deo problema.
kao deo problema.
03:39
And of course it's not just religious people who believe in the Golden Rule.
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Naravno, u zlatno pravilo
ne veruju samo religiozni ljudi.
ne veruju samo religiozni ljudi.
03:45
This is the source of all morality,
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To je izvor celokupne moralnosti,
maštovitog čina empatije,
03:48
this imaginative act of empathy,
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postavljanja sebe na mesto druge osobe.
03:51
putting yourself in the place of another.
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03:54
And so we have a choice, it seems to me.
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Imamo izbor, čini mi se.
03:58
We can either go on bringing out or emphasizing
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Možemo ili da nastavimo
sa sprovođenjem ili naglašavanjem
sa sprovođenjem ili naglašavanjem
04:03
the dogmatic and intolerant aspects of our faith,
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dogmatičnih i netolerantnih
aspekata naše vere,
aspekata naše vere,
04:07
or we can go back to
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ili se možemo vratiti rabinima.
04:11
the rabbis. Rabbi Hillel, the older contemporary of Jesus,
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Rabin Hilel, stariji Isusov savremenik,
04:16
who, when asked by a pagan
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koji je, kada mu je pagan zatražio
04:19
to sum up the whole of Jewish teaching while he stood on one leg,
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da sumira celokupno jevrejsko učenje
dok stoji na jednoj nozi, rekao:
dok stoji na jednoj nozi, rekao:
04:24
said, "That which is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor.
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„Ono što ti je mrsko,
nemoj činiti svom bližnjem.
nemoj činiti svom bližnjem.
04:28
That is the Torah and everything else is only commentary."
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To je Tora, a ostalo su samo komentari.“
04:33
And the rabbis and the early fathers of the church who said that
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Rabini i prvi crkveni oci govorili su
04:37
any interpretation of scripture
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da je svako tumačenje svetih spisa
koje rađa mržnju i prezir nedopustivo.
04:40
that bred hatred and disdain was illegitimate.
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04:44
And we need to revive that spirit.
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Moramo da oživimo taj duh.
04:47
And it's not just going to happen
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To se neće tek tako dogoditi
04:49
because a spirit of love wafts us down.
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zato što nas ponese duh ljubavi.
04:52
We have to make this happen,
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Moramo učiniti da se to dogodi,
04:54
and we can do it
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a to možemo učiniti
04:56
with the modern communications
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savremenom komunikacijom
koju je TED uveo.
koju je TED uveo.
04:58
that TED has introduced.
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05:00
Already I've been tremendously heartened
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Već su me neverovatno ohrabrili
05:03
at the response of all our partners.
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odgovori svih naših partnera.
U Singapuru imamo grupu
05:06
In Singapore, we have a group
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05:10
going to use the Charter to heal divisions
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koja će koristiti Povelju
da pomiri podeljene strane
da pomiri podeljene strane
05:14
recently that have sprung up in Singaporean society,
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koje su nedavno nastale
u singapurskom društvu,
u singapurskom društvu,
05:18
and some members of the parliament want
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a neki narodni poslanici žele
05:21
to implement it politically.
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da je primene politički.
05:24
In Malaysia, there is going to be an art exhibition
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U Maleziji će biti održana
umetnička izložba
umetnička izložba
05:28
in which leading artists are going to be
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u kojoj će vodeći umetnici
voditi ljude, mlade ljude,
05:31
taking people, young people,
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i pokazati im da saosećanje takođe leži
05:35
and showing them that compassion also lies
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05:37
at the root of all art.
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u osnovi celokupne umetnosti.
Širom Evrope, muslimanske zajednice
05:40
Throughout Europe, the Muslim communities
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organizuju događaje i diskusije,
05:44
are holding events and discussions,
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razmatraju središnju ulogu saosećanja
05:47
are discussing the centrality of compassion
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u islamu i svim verama.
05:50
in Islam and in all faiths.
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05:52
But it can't stop there. It can't stop with the launch.
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Međutim, to ne sme stati na tome.
Ne sme se stati na početku.
Ne sme se stati na početku.
05:55
Religious teaching, this is where we've gone so wrong,
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Religijska učenja -
na tom smo mestu toliko pogrešili,
na tom smo mestu toliko pogrešili,
05:58
concentrating solely on believing abstruse doctrines.
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isključivo usmereni na verovanje
u nejasne doktrine.
u nejasne doktrine.
06:02
Religious teaching must always lead to action.
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Religijska učenja
moraju uvek voditi akciji.
moraju uvek voditi akciji.
Nameravam da radim na ovome do svoje smrti
06:07
And I intend to work on this till my dying day.
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06:11
And I want to continue with our partners
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i želim da nastavim sa našim partnerima
06:16
to do two things --
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sa radom na dvema stvarima -
06:18
educate and stimulate compassionate thinking.
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na obrazovanju i podsticanju
saosećajnog razmišljanja.
saosećajnog razmišljanja.
06:25
Education because we've so
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Na obrazovanju,
jer smo toliko napustili saosećanje.
jer smo toliko napustili saosećanje.
06:28
dropped out of compassion.
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06:30
People often think it simply means
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Ljudi često misle da to jednostavno znači
06:32
feeling sorry for somebody.
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sažaljevati nekoga.
06:34
But of course you don't understand compassion
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Naravno da ne razumete saosećajnost
06:37
if you're just going to think about it.
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ako samo mislite o tome.
Morate to i da uradite.
06:39
You also have to do it.
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Želim da se mediji uključe
06:41
I want them to get the media involved
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jer su oni od suštinskog značaja
06:44
because the media are crucial
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za zaustavljanje
nekih stereotipnih gledišta
nekih stereotipnih gledišta
06:46
in helping to dissolve some of the stereotypical views
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06:49
we have of other people,
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koja imamo o drugim ljudima,
koji nas međusobno razdvajaju.
06:51
which are dividing us from one another.
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06:53
The same applies to educators.
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Isto se odnosi i na nastavnike.
06:56
I'd like youth to get a sense of
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Volela bih da mladi
steknu osećaj dinamičnosti,
steknu osećaj dinamičnosti,
07:00
the dynamism, the dynamic and challenge
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dinamike i izazova
saosećajnog životnog stila,
saosećajnog životnog stila,
07:04
of a compassionate lifestyle.
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a takođe i da vide da to zahteva
jaku inteligenciju,
jaku inteligenciju,
07:06
And also see that it demands acute intelligence,
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07:09
not just a gooey feeling.
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ne samo osećaj raspilavljenosti.
07:12
I'd like to call upon scholars to explore
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Htela bih da pozovem učene ljude
da istraže temu saosećanja
07:15
the compassionate theme
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07:17
in their own and in other people's traditions.
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u sopstvenoj tradiciji
i tradicijama drugih ljudi,
i tradicijama drugih ljudi,
07:21
And perhaps above all,
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a možda prvenstveno
07:23
to encourage a sensitivity about
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želim da podstaknem osetljivost
na nesaosećajan govor,
07:27
uncompassionate speaking,
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07:29
so that because people have this Charter,
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pa da se ljudi,
zato što imaju ovu Povelju,
zato što imaju ovu Povelju,
07:32
whatever their beliefs or lack of them,
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kakva god da su im verovanja
ili njihov nedostatak,
ili njihov nedostatak,
07:36
they feel empowered
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osećaju osnaženo
07:38
to challenge uncompassionate speech,
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da se suprotstave nesaosećajnom govoru,
07:42
disdainful remarks
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prezrivim primedbama
07:44
from their religious leaders, their political leaders,
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njihovih verskih i političkih vođa,
predvodnika industrije.
07:47
from the captains of industry.
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07:49
Because we can change the world,
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Zato što možemo promeniti svet.
07:51
we have the ability.
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Imamo tu sposobnost.
Nikad se ne bih setila
da postavim Povelju na internet.
da postavim Povelju na internet.
07:54
I would never have thought of putting the Charter online.
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07:57
I was still stuck in the old world
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Još sam bila zatočena u starom svetu
07:59
of a whole bunch of boffins sitting together in a room
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u kome gomila učenjaka sedi u sobi
08:02
and issuing yet another arcane statement.
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i donosi još jedan tajanstveni iskaz.
08:05
And TED introduced me to a whole new way
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TED me je upoznao sa potpuno novim načinom
08:08
of thinking and presenting ideas.
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razmišljanja i predstavljanja ideja.
08:10
Because that is what is so wonderful about TED.
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To je ono što je tako divno kod TED-a.
08:13
In this room, all this expertise,
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U ovoj prostoriji,
ovo celokupno stručno znanje,
ovo celokupno stručno znanje,
08:18
if we joined it all together,
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ako bismo to ujedinili,
08:20
we could change the world.
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mogli bismo promeniti svet.
08:22
And of course the problems sometimes seem insuperable.
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Naravno, problem se
ponekad čini nesavladivim.
ponekad čini nesavladivim.
08:27
But I'd just like to quote, finish at the end
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Htela bih još samo da citiram,
da završim pozivajući se
na britanskog, oksfordskog autora
na britanskog, oksfordskog autora
08:30
with a reference to a British author, an Oxford author
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kojeg ne citiram baš često,
08:34
whom I don't quote very often,
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08:36
C.S. Lewis.
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K.S. Luisa.
08:38
But he wrote one thing that stuck in my mind
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Napisao je nešto
što mi je ostalo u mislima
što mi je ostalo u mislima
08:40
ever since I read it when I was a schoolgirl.
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otkad sam to pročitala
kad sam bila učenica.
kad sam bila učenica.
08:43
It's in his book "The Four Loves."
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To je iz njegove knjige „Četiri ljubavi“.
Rekao je da razlikuje erotsku ljubav,
08:46
He said that he distinguished between erotic love,
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kada dvoje opčinjeno gledaju
jedno drugom u oči.
jedno drugom u oči.
08:50
when two people gaze, spellbound, into each other's eyes.
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08:56
And then he compared that to friendship,
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To je uporedio sa prijateljstvom,
08:59
when two people stand side by side, as it were, shoulder to shoulder,
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kada dvoje ljudi stoje
jedno uz drugo, rame uz rame,
jedno uz drugo, rame uz rame,
09:03
with their eyes fixed on a common goal.
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dok su im oči fiksirane
na zajedničkom cilju.
na zajedničkom cilju.
09:07
We don't have to fall in love with each other,
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Ne moramo se zaljubiti jedni u druge,
ali možemo postati prijatelji.
09:12
but we can become friends.
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09:15
And I am convinced.
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Ubeđena sam.
09:17
I felt it very strongly
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Osetila sam to vrlo snažno
09:20
during our little deliberations at Vevey,
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tokom našeg malog razmatranja u Veveu,
da, kada se ljudi
različitih uverenja okupe,
različitih uverenja okupe,
09:24
that when people of all different persuasions
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09:28
come together, working side by side
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radeći rame uz rame
09:32
for a common goal,
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na zajedničkom cilju,
razlike nestaju
09:34
differences melt away.
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09:36
And we learn amity.
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i učimo se prijateljstvu.
09:38
And we learn to live together and to get to know one another.
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Učimo da živimo zajedno
i da upoznajemo jedni druge.
i da upoznajemo jedni druge.
Mnogo vam hvala.
09:43
Thank you very much.
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(Aplauz)
09:45
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholarKaren Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world.
Why you should listen
Religious thinker Karen Armstrong has written more than 20 books on faith and the major religions, studying what Islam, Judaism and Christianity have in common, and how our faiths shaped world history and drive current events.
A former nun, Armstrong has written two books about this experience: Through the Narrow Gate, about her seven years in the convent, and The Spiral Staircase, about her subsequent spiritual awakening, when she developed her iconoclastic take on the major monotheistic religions -- and on the strains of fundamentalism common to all. She is a powerful voice for ecumenical understanding.
Armstrong's 2008 TED Prize wish asked the world to help her create the Charter for Compassion, a document based on the Golden Rule: that we should treat others how we would want to be treated. In fall 2008, the first draft of the charter was written by the world, via a multilingual website that allowed all to comment. In February 2009, the words were given to the Council of Conscience, a gathering of religious leaders and thinkers, who crafted the final document based on global input. The Charter was officially launched in November 2009. It has been signed by notable world leaders including Pope Benedict XVI, the Dalai Lama, Desmond Tutu, Deepak Chopra and Muhammad Ali. The Charter has led to the creation of the Charter for Compassion International (CCI) organization, the Compassionate Communities campaign, and Global Compassion Council -- a group of leaders continuing the movement around the the world.
Karen Armstrong | Speaker | TED.com