Juan Enriquez: We can reprogram life. How to do it wisely
フアン・エンリケス: 生命はプログラムし直せる — その賢い方法は?
Juan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society. Full bio
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という俳優がいます
called Dustin Hoffman.
which some of you may have heard of,
耳にした方もあるでしょう
重要な場面が2つあります
by the old guy to the pool,
プールサイドに誘い出される場面です
the old guy basically says one word,
その男性が言った言葉は
what that word is.
it was completely the wrong advice.
完全に誤ったアドバイスですね
「プラスティック」ではなく
for semiconductors had already been made,
既に書き上がってていて
being built in 1967,
1967年に生まれたばかりで
the right one word,
正しいアドバイスを受けていれば
onstage -- oh, I don't know --
we might want to give
考えてみましょう
a Tupperware salesman.
営業マンにならなくていいようにね
would you give people,
プールサイドで卒業生に手向けられる
graduate out by the pool
we have of programming life.
種々の生物だったりです
or a whole series of creatures.
about this incredible ability
お思いでしょうが
人類がやって来た事なんです
for thousands of years,
あれこれやって来て
you get broccoli.
ブロッコリーに
in a second way, you get kale.
all-natural, organic markets,
the lifecode of plants for a long time.
変えられて来た植物です
politically neutral term --
無難な言い方で表すと—
インテリジェント・デザイン]
intelligent design.
黎明期なのです
of doing this at random
というのではなく
we're inserting specific proteins,
タンパク質を導入し
for very deliberate purposes.
how this stuff happens.
might think about sex.
考える方もいらっしゃるでしょう
how we've changed sex.
その変貌ぶりを当り前に取り
and natural to change it.
思っているのです
と言う結果になるのですが —
that's perfectly normal and natural,
我々は思っているのですが
for most of human history.
見られなかった事です
我々はコントロールを手にし
切り離しました
of the consequences of that,
advanced, like art.
なりました
of painting and sculpture,
reproductive technologies.
reproductive technologies?
are things like in vitro fertilization.
there's very good reasons to do it.
大きな意味があります
can't conceive otherwise.
sex, conception, baby.
切り離しています
of when you have a baby,
and where the baby is fertilized.
切り離してしまったのです
of other things we've been doing,
you can freeze eggs,
if you're a cancer patient.
or under radiation,
and you can freeze them,
decoupled sex from time.
born -- oh, in 50 years?
生まれる可能性だってあり得ます
really profound changes
今起きている事です
turns out to be a superpower.
powerful way of changing viruses,
変えるかも知れません
have been thinking about for a while.
かなり考え続けています
like electricity, like an automobile,
強力なテクノロジーの様に
potentially can be misused.
誤用される可能性があり
beings into chimeras.
可能だからです
where you mix animals?
動物を混ぜ合わせた幻獣のように
in a female body or vice versa,
その反対もありです
you're doing that
そんな事はありません
during cancer treatments.
骨髄移植でも行われることなのですから
some fundamental aspects of yourself,
変えてしまうようでも
that happened 20 years ago.
ある話をしましょう
She graduated as a valedictorian.
卒業生代表でした
born to three parents.
初めての人間です
mitochondrial disease
germline engineering,
if she has kids, will be saved
彼女の子供達も命が救われ
the various authorities said,
and there are risks to not doing stuff,
しなくても危険です
saved by this technology,
すでに救われていましたから
for the next 20 years.
この20年間続いています
maybe we should have longer studies,
あれもこれも すべきかも」と
maybe we should do that,"
and there are consequences to not acting.
その代償はあります
is completely unnatural.
for humans to be felled
of smallpox, of tuberculosis.
自然な事かもしれませんが
we are putting unnatural things
outweighs the risk.
勝ると思われるからです
unnatural animals,
人為的に品種改良が加えられて来て
養う事が出来ているのです
like create new life-forms.
作ることなども出来ます
again, that sounds terribly scary
live on your dining room table.
生命体のことなんです
on your dining room table --
花屋で買って来た花は
that's natural about them,
とても言えません
the flowers to make this color,
その色 そのサイズになり
your loved one wildflowers
野の花を上げないのは
a whole lot of time.
してなかった事です
depended on two principles:
分けたものは2つ—
what was structured,
parallel evolutionary system
完全に平行しながらも
selection and non-random mutation.
起こしているのです
thousands of years ago
オオカミを育種し始め
turning them into big dogs
ハンドバッグから取り上げ
are less natural than a cornfield.
まだまだ自然な方です
walk through a virgin forest
原生林の中で
growing in orderly rows
同じように並んで生えて
through unnatural selection.
it's the same with a rice field.
同じ事が起きていて
it's the same with a suburb.
there is what we want,
欲しい物を残しています
you don't have grizzly bears
闊歩していない理由です
as the Octopus, his nickname.
知られていた彼は
of the Year in 2000.
that gave him six fingers
if you're a pitcher.
随分役立ったでしょう
through the forest
gene-editing instruments,
遺伝子編集機構の1つ
pharmaceutical products,
8つを作っています
to treat arthritis,
best-selling drug, Humira.
ヒュミラが含まれています
that's going to change us
考えてみましょう
for this stuff.
what we are choosing.
by a verdict of somebody else.
you break it, you own it.
壊したら我々の責任なんです
diversity in this stuff.
だということ
33 versions of hominids
state of this Earth
walking around at the same time,
have some Neanderthal in us.
ネアンデルタール人の遺伝子を持ち
持っている人もいます
have a lot more of it.
多い人がいるようです
絶対変えないという人や
to alter plants but not animals.
という人も
to alter themselves.
to evolve themselves.
という人も居るでしょう
of humans as very diverse,
と思っていても
from a single African mother
in 55 African chimpanzees
遺伝的多様性は
a quarter of the Earth
in the oceans, part on land.
evolutionary decision on this planet.
牛耳るべきではありません
our evolutionary system running.
evolutionary system running.
そのままにして置きたいのです
these two things running in parallel
自然の進化を圧倒しない事は
adventure human beings have been on.
今までありませんでした
humans have ever had.
人類は手にしたことはありません
not to participate in this stuff
You can participate in the politics.
about where medicine is going,
一緒に考えるだけでもいいのです
shows up at a swimming pool
その人が言った一言
if that word is "lifecode."
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juan Enriquez - FuturistJuan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society.
Why you should listen
A broad thinker who studies the intersections of these fields, Enriquez has a talent for bridging disciplines to build a coherent look ahead. He is the managing director of Excel Venture Management, a life sciences VC firm. He recently published (with Steve Gullans) Evolving Ourselves: How Unnatural Selection and Nonrandom Mutation Are Shaping Life on Earth. The book describes a world where humans increasingly shape their environment, themselves and other species.
Enriquez is a member of the board of Synthetic Genomics, which recently introduced the smallest synthetic living cell. Called “JCVI-syn 3.0,” it has 473 genes (about half the previous smallest cell). The organism would die if one of the genes is removed. In other words, this is the minimum genetic instruction set for a living organism.
Juan Enriquez | Speaker | TED.com