Juan Enriquez: We can reprogram life. How to do it wisely
Juan Enriquez: Putem reprograma viaţa. Cum să o facem înţelept
Juan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society. Full bio
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called Dustin Hoffman.
Dustin Hoffman.
which some of you may have heard of,
despre care probabil aţi auzit,
nu voi vorbi despre asta.
by the old guy to the pool,
la piscină de tipul în vârstă
the old guy basically says one word,
tipul în vârstă îi spune un singur cuvânt,
what that word is.
it was completely the wrong advice.
că era sfatul greşit.
ar trebui să fie silicon
for semiconductors had already been made,
semiconductori fuseseră deja făcute,
being built in 1967,
se construia în 1967,
the right one word,
cuvântul potrivit,
onstage -- oh, I don't know --
we might want to give
a Tupperware salesman.
să nu devină vânzător Tupperware.
would you give people,
graduate out by the pool
de facultate la piscină,
în care ne putem programa viaţa.
we have of programming life.
or a whole series of creatures.
about this incredible ability
această abilitate
for thousands of years,
a fost modificată
you get broccoli.
într-un anumit mod, devine broccoli.
in a second way, you get kale.
devine varză kale.
all-natural, organic markets,
the lifecode of plants for a long time.
codul de viaţă al plantelor.
politically neutral term --
intelligent design.
proiectarea inteligentă.
să facem asta la întâmplare
of doing this at random
we're inserting specific proteins,
anumite proteine
for very deliberate purposes.
în mod deliberat.
how this stuff happens.
modul în care are loc.
might think about sex.
how we've changed sex.
în care am schimbat sexul.
and natural to change it.
şi natural să îl schimbăm.
that's perfectly normal and natural,
for most of human history.
de-a lungul istoriei umane.
of the consequences of that,
probabil la consecinţe
advanced, like art.
of painting and sculpture,
reproductive technologies.
reproductive asistate.
reproductive technologies?
are things like in vitro fertilization.
procese asemenea fertilizării in vitro.
there's very good reasons to do it.
pentru folosirea fertilizării in vitro.
can't conceive otherwise.
sex, conception, baby.
of when you have a baby,
doar momentul când ai copii,
and where the baby is fertilized.
este fertilizat copilul.
of other things we've been doing,
ce alte lucruri facem,
you can freeze eggs,
if you're a cancer patient.
dacă eşti un pacient cu cancer.
or under radiation,
and you can freeze them,
decoupled sex from time.
born -- oh, in 50 years?
născuți peste -- oh, 50 de ani?
really profound changes
turns out to be a superpower.
este o superputere.
powerful way of changing viruses,
de a schimba viruşi,
have been thinking about for a while.
ne gândim de ceva vreme.
like electricity, like an automobile,
ca electricitatea, automobilele,
potentially can be misused.
poate fi folosită greşit.
beings into chimeras.
în care se amestecau animale?
where you mix animals?
in a female body or vice versa,
în corp de femeie, sau invers
you're doing that
pentru care faci asta,
during cancer treatments.
pentru tratamentele pentru cancer.
some fundamental aspects of yourself,
that happened 20 years ago.
She graduated as a valedictorian.
a fost şefă de promoţie.
born to three parents.
persoană născută din trei părinţi.
mitochondrial disease
un al treilea ADN
germline engineering,
inginerie germinativă de linie,
if she has kids, will be saved
va avea copii, vor fi salvaţi
the various authorities said,
numeroase autorităţi au spus
and there are risks to not doing stuff,
şi dacă nu o faci,
saved by this technology,
salvaţi de această tehnologie,
for the next 20 years.
peste 20 de ani.
maybe we should have longer studies,
pe durată mai mare,
maybe we should do that,"
and there are consequences to not acting.
is completely unnatural.
for humans to be felled
of smallpox, of tuberculosis.
variolă sau tuberculoză.
we are putting unnatural things
acolo lucruri care nu sunt naturale
outweighs the risk.
că sunt mai multe beneficii decât riscuri.
unnatural animals,
care nu existau,
like create new life-forms.
again, that sounds terribly scary
şi asta sună groaznic
live on your dining room table.
că ele sunt pe masa ta.
on your dining room table --
that's natural about them,
the flowers to make this color,
să aibă acea culoare,
your loved one wildflowers
a whole lot of time.
depended on two principles:
a avut două principii:
what was structured,
ce a fost structurat
parallel evolutionary system
selection and non-random mutation.
şi mutaţii genetice non-aleatoare.
thousands of years ago
a-i transforma în câini.
turning them into big dogs
pe Fifth Avenue
are less natural than a cornfield.
decât lanurile de porumb.
walk through a virgin forest
nu ai să vezi niciodată
growing in orderly rows
through unnatural selection.
it's the same with a rice field.
it's the same with a suburb.
şi cu periferiile.
din suprafaţa Pământului
there is what we want,
you don't have grizzly bears
nu avem urşi grizzly
as the Octopus, his nickname.
of the Year in 2000.
al Anului 2000.
that gave him six fingers
if you're a pitcher.
pentru un aruncător.
care nu este aleatoare?
through the forest
mai multe despre asta.
gene-editing instruments,
puternice instrumente de modificat gene,
interdistanțate regulat, în iaurt.
pharmaceutical products,
cunoscute produse farmaceutice,
to treat arthritis,
pentru tratarea artritei,
best-selling drug, Humira.
medicament -- Humira.
în codul vieţii.
that's going to change us
să găsiţi voi mai multe.
pentru aceste lucruri.
for this stuff.
what we are choosing.
by a verdict of somebody else.
you break it, you own it.
celebrăm diversitatea acestor lucruri.
diversity in this stuff.
33 versions of hominids
33 de versiuni de hominizi
state of this Earth
şi naturală a Pământului
walking around at the same time,
de oameni în acelaşi timp
puțin din Neanderthal în noi.
have some Neanderthal in us.
have a lot more of it.
să nu modifice nimic niciodată.
to alter plants but not animals.
dar nu animale.
to alter themselves.
to evolve themselves.
of humans as very diverse,
că oamenii sunt foarte diferiţi.
from a single African mother
in 55 African chimpanzees
în 55 de cimpanzei Africani
a quarter of the Earth
in the oceans, part on land.
o parte uscat.
evolutionary decision on this planet.
deciziile privind evoluţia pe planetă.
să existe în continuare.
our evolutionary system running.
evolutionary system running.
sub sistemul lui Darwin.
these two things running in parallel
aceste două sisteme în paralel
adventure human beings have been on.
aventură a ființei umane.
humans have ever had.
pe care omul a avut-o vreodată.
not to participate in this stuff
You can participate in the politics.
Puteţi participa în politică.
about where medicine is going,
încotro se îndreaptă medicina,
shows up at a swimming pool
când cineva apare la piscină
if that word is "lifecode."
„codul vieţii”.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juan Enriquez - FuturistJuan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society.
Why you should listen
A broad thinker who studies the intersections of these fields, Enriquez has a talent for bridging disciplines to build a coherent look ahead. He is the managing director of Excel Venture Management, a life sciences VC firm. He recently published (with Steve Gullans) Evolving Ourselves: How Unnatural Selection and Nonrandom Mutation Are Shaping Life on Earth. The book describes a world where humans increasingly shape their environment, themselves and other species.
Enriquez is a member of the board of Synthetic Genomics, which recently introduced the smallest synthetic living cell. Called “JCVI-syn 3.0,” it has 473 genes (about half the previous smallest cell). The organism would die if one of the genes is removed. In other words, this is the minimum genetic instruction set for a living organism.
Juan Enriquez | Speaker | TED.com