ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Johnson - Women's-health expert
Dr. Paula Johnson is a pioneer in looking at health from a woman's perspective.

Why you should listen

Ever think you were having a heart attack? It turns out that many of the well-known early symptoms, such as chest pain and pressure from left arm to jaw, are more typically experienced by men. Women are more likely to experience shortness of breath, unusual perspiration and abdominal discomfort. Dr. Paula Johnson was one of the first to ask big questions about women's experience of cardiac care -- and their access to care that meets their needs.

Johnson and her team at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston focus on mentoring, measuring and bringing together expertise from practicing clinicians and academics to improve women's health. She says: "One of our core responsibilities will be to address critical questions ... such as, 'How do sex and gender impact health and health outcomes?' and 'How can health disparities among different groups of women be eliminated?'"

More profile about the speaker
Paula Johnson | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2013

Paula Johnson: His and hers ... health care

Paula Johnson: Kujdesi shendetsor ... i tij dhe i saj

Filmed:
1,178,652 views

Cdo qelize ne trupin e njeriut ka gjini, qe do te thote se grate dhe burrat dallohen deri ne nivele qelizore. Prape, shume shpesh, kerkimi dhe mjekesia e neglizhojne kete veshtrim -- dhe aktit qe dy gjinite i pergjigjen cuditerisht ne menyre te ndryshme semundjes apo trajtimit. Sic na pershkruan mjekja pioniere Paula Johnson, t'i futesh te gjithe ne te njejtin kategori do te thote qe ne fakt po ia le shansit shendetin e gruas. Eshte koha ta mendojme perseri.
- Women's-health expert
Dr. Paula Johnson is a pioneer in looking at health from a woman's perspective. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Some of my most wonderful memories of childhood
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Disa nga kujtimet me te bukura te femijerise
00:15
are of spending time with my grandmother, Mamar,
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jane kohet qe kalova me gjyshen time, Mamar,
00:18
in our four-family home in Brooklyn, New York.
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ne shtepine 4-familjare ne Brooklyn, New York.
00:22
Her apartment was an oasis.
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Apartamenti i saj ishte nje oaz.
00:25
It was a place where I could sneak a cup of coffee,
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Ishte vendi ku mund te pija shehurazi nje filxhan kafe,
00:27
which was really warm milk
with just a touch of caffeine.
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qe ishte ne fakt qumesht i ngrohte me nje pike kafe.
00:31
She loved life.
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Ajo e dashuronte jeten.
00:34
And although she worked in a factory,
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Edhe pse punonte ne fabrike,
00:36
she saved her pennies and she traveled to Europe.
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kishte kursyer qindarkat dhe udhetonte ne Europe.
00:39
And I remember poring over those pictures with her
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Mbaj mend si i studionim fotograite e saj
00:43
and then dancing with her to her favorite music.
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dhe pastaj kercenim te dyja me muziken e zgjedhur.
00:47
And then, when I was eight and she was 60,
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Kur une isha 8 dhe ajo 60,
00:52
something changed.
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dicka ndryshoi.
00:54
She no longer worked or traveled.
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Ajo ndaloi se punuari dhe udhetuari.
00:56
She no longer danced.
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Nuk kercente me.
00:58
There were no more coffee times.
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Nuk pinim me kafe.
01:00
My mother missed work and took her to doctors
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Nena ime linte punen qe ta conte ate neper doktore
01:03
who couldn't make a diagnosis.
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te cilet nuk jepnin dot nje diagnoze.
01:05
And my father, who worked at night,
would spend every afternoon with her,
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Babai im, qe punonte naten, rrinte me te dites,
01:10
just to make sure she ate.
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qe te sigurohej qe ajo hante.
01:13
Her care became all-consuming for our family.
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Kujdesi per te u be i veshtire per familjen tone.
01:18
And by the time a diagnosis was made,
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Kur arriten te japin diagnoze,
01:20
she was in a deep spiral.
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ajo ishte ne gjendje te rende.
01:22
Now many of you will recognize her symptoms.
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Shume prej jush mund te njohin simptomat e saj.
01:26
My grandmother had depression.
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Gjyshja ime kishte depresion.
01:29
A deep, life-altering depression,
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Nje depresion te thelle, qe te ndryshon jeten,
01:32
from which she never recovered.
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nga i cili nuk u permiresua kurre.
01:35
And back then, so little
was known about depression.
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Ne ate kohe, shume pak njihej per depresionin.
01:39
But even today, 50 years later,
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Por, edhe sot, pas 50 vjeteve,
01:42
there's still so much more to learn.
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ka aq shume per te mesuar.
01:45
Today, we know that women
are 70 percent more likely
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Sot, dime qe grate jane 70 perqind me te prirura
01:50
to experience depression over their lifetimes
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te perjetojne depresionin gjate jetes
01:53
compared with men.
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krahasuar me burrat.
01:56
And even with this high prevalence,
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Edhe me kete prirje te larte,
01:58
women are misdiagnosed between
30 and 50 percent of the time.
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ne 30-50 perqind te rasteve,
grate nuk diagnostikohen sakte
02:05
Now we know that women are more likely
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E dime qe grate jane me te prirura
02:08
to experience the symptoms
of fatigue, sleep disturbance,
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te kene simptomat e lodhjes, shqetesime te gjumit,
02:13
pain and anxiety compared with men.
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dhimbje dhe ankth, krahasuar me burrat.
02:16
And these symptoms are often overlooked
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Keto simptoma shpesh neglizhohen
02:18
as symptoms of depression.
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si simptoma te depresionit.
02:21
And it isn't only depression in which
these sex differences occur,
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Nuk eshte vetem depresioni qe ndodh
ku shfaqet dallimi gjinor,
02:25
but they occur across so many diseases.
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kjo ndodh ne shume semundje.
02:30
So it's my grandmother's struggles
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E pra, perpjekjet e gjyshes time
02:32
that have really led me on a lifelong quest.
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bene qe ti hyj ketij kerkimi te vazhdueshem.
02:35
And today, I lead a center in which the mission
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Sot, une drejtoj nje qender, misioni i te ciles eshte
02:39
is to discover why these sex differences occur
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te zbuloje pse ndodhin keto dallime gjinore
02:42
and to use that knowledge
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dhe ta perdore ate njohuri
02:44
to improve the health of women.
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per te permiresuar shendetin e grave.
02:47
Today, we know that every cell has a sex.
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sot, dime qe cdo qelize ka gjini.
02:51
Now, that's a term coined
by the Institute of Medicine.
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Ky eshte term i vene nga Instituti i Mjekesise.
02:55
And what it means is that
men and women are different
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Nenkupton qe burrat dhe grate jane te ndryshem
02:59
down to the cellular and molecular levels.
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deri ne nivele qelizore dhe molekulare.
03:04
It means that we're different
across all of our organs.
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nenkupton qe ne jemi te ndryshem
persa i perket organeve.
03:09
From our brains to our hearts, our lungs, our joints.
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Nga truri te zemra, mushkerite, nyjet.
03:14
Now, it was only 20 years ago
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Vetem 20 vjet me pare
03:18
that we hardly had any data on women's health
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nuk kishim ndonje te dhene ne shendetin e gruas
03:22
beyond our reproductive functions.
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pervec funksioneve riprodhuese.
03:25
But then in 1993,
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Por ne 1993,
03:28
the NIH Revitalization Act was signed into law.
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NIH Revitalization Act u miratua si ligj.
03:32
And what this law did was it mandated
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Ky ligj mandaton
03:35
that women and minorities
be included in clinical trials
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qe grate dhe minoritetet
te pershihen ne provat klinike
03:39
that were funded by the National Institutes of Health.
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qe ishin financuar nga
Instituti Nacional i Shendetit.
03:43
And in many ways, the law has worked.
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Nga shume ane, ligji ka punuar.
03:46
Women are now routinely
included in clinical studies,
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Grate jane pershire ne provat klinike,
03:50
and we've learned that there are major differences
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dhe ne kemi mesuar se
ka dallime te rendesishme
03:52
in the ways that women and men
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ne menyrat qe burrat dhe grate
03:54
experience disease.
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i perjetojne semundjet.
03:57
But remarkably,
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Por, shume here, e neglizhojme
03:59
what we have learned about these
differences is often overlooked.
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ate qe kemi mesuar rreth ketyre diferencave.
04:04
So, we have to ask ourselves the question:
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Duhet ti bejme pyetjen vetes:
04:08
Why leave women's health to chance?
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Pse t'ia lesh shansit shendetin e gruas?
04:12
And we're leaving it to chance in two ways.
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Po ia leme shansit ne dy menyra.
04:15
The first is that there is so much more to learn
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E para eshte se ka kaq shume per te mesuar
04:19
and we're not making the investment
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dhe nuk po bejme investimin
04:21
in fully understanding the extent
of these sex differences.
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per te kuptuar plotesisht shtrirjen e dallimeve gjinore.
04:25
And the second is that we aren't
taking what we have learned,
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E dyta eshte qe nuk po marrim ate kemi mesuar,
04:30
and routinely applying it in clinical care.
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e ta aplikojme ne rutinen e kujdesit klinik.
04:34
We are just not doing enough.
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Nuk po bejme aq sa duhet.
04:38
So, I'm going to share with you three examples
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Do ndaj me ju tre shembuj
04:40
of where sex differences have
impacted the health of women,
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sesi diferencat gjinore
kane ndikuar shendetin e grave,
04:44
and where we need to do more.
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dhe ku duhet te bejme me shume.
04:46
Let's start with heart disease.
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Le te fillojme me semundjen e zemres.
04:48
It's the number one killer of women
in the United States today.
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Eshte vrasesi numer nje i grave ne SHBA sot.
04:54
This is the face of heart disease.
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Kjo eshte fytyra e semundjes se zemres.
04:56
Linda is a middle-aged woman,
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Linda eshte nje grua ne moshe te mesme,
04:59
who had a stent placed in one of the arteries
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qe ka nje stent(tub) ne nje nga arteret
05:01
going to her heart.
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qe shkojne te zemra e saj.
05:03
When she had recurring symptoms
she went back to her doctor.
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Kur simptomat iu kthyen, ajo shkoi prape te doktori.
05:07
Her doctor did the gold standard test:
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Ai beri testin e standartit te arte:
05:09
a cardiac catheterization.
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kateterizimin kardiak.
05:12
It showed no blockages.
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Nuk tregoi bllokim.
05:14
Linda's symptoms continued.
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Simptomat e Lindes vazhduan.
05:16
She had to stop working.
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Ajo u detyrua te linte punen.
05:19
And that's when she found us.
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Atehere ajo na gjeti ne.
05:21
When Linda came to us, we did
another cardiac catheterization
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Kur erdhi te ne, beme nje kateterizim kardiak tjeter
05:25
and this time, we found clues.
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dhe kesaj radhe gjetem shenja.
05:29
But we needed another test
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Por na duhej nje test tjeter
05:31
to make the diagnosis.
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te benim diagnozen.
05:34
So we did a test called an intracoronary ultrasound,
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Beme nje test qe quhet ultrasaund intrakoronar
05:39
where you use soundwaves to look at the artery
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qe perdor valet e zerit per te pare ne arteret
05:41
from the inside out.
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nga brenda jashte.
05:44
And what we found
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Ne gjetem qe
05:46
was that Linda's disease didn't look like
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semundja e Lindes nuk dukej si
05:48
the typical male disease.
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semundja tipike e meshkujve.
05:51
The typical male disease looks like this.
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Semundja tipike e meshkujve duket keshtu.
05:54
There's a discrete blockage or stenosis.
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Eshte nje bllokim i dallueshem ose stenoze.
05:58
Linda's disease, like the disease of so many women,
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Semundja e Lindes, ashtu si ne shume gra,
06:02
looks like this.
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duket keshtu.
06:04
The plaque is laid down more evenly, more diffusely
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Pllaka eshte e shtrire me uniformisht
06:07
along the artery, and it's harder to see.
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gjate arteries dhe eshte me e veshtire per tu pare.
06:11
So for Linda, and for so many women,
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Per Linden dhe shume gra te tjera,
06:15
the gold standard test wasn't gold.
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testi i standarti te arte nuk ishte vertet i arte.
06:18
Now, Linda received the right treatment.
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Tani, Linda mori mjekimin e duhur.
06:21
She went back to her life and, fortunately, today
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Ajo vazhdoi jeten e saj dhe fatmiresisht sot
06:23
she is doing well.
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ajo po shkon mire.
06:25
But Linda was lucky.
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Por Linda ishte me fat.
06:27
She found us, we found her disease.
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Ajo na gjeti ne dhe ne gjetem semundjen e saj.
06:29
But for too many women, that's not the case.
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Per shume gra, nuk ndodh.
06:32
We have the tools.
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Ne kemi mjetet.
06:35
We have the technology to make the diagnosis.
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Kemi teknologjine te bejme diagnozen.
06:38
But it's all too often that these sex diffferences
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Por eshte shume e shpeshte qe diferencat gjinore
06:42
are overlooked.
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te neglizhohen.
06:44
So what about treatment?
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Po rreth trajtimit?
06:46
A landmark study that was published two years ago
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Nje studim referues qe u publikua dy vjet me pare
06:49
asked the very important question:
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bente nje pyetje shume te rendesishme:
06:51
What are the most effective treatments
for heart disease in women?
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Cilat jane trajtimet me efektive
per semundjen e zemres tek grate?
06:56
The authors looked at papers
written over a 10-year period,
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Autoret kerkuan ne shkrimet gjate 10 vjeteve,
07:00
and hundreds had to be thrown out.
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dhe qindra nga to ishin pa vlere.
07:03
And what they found out was that
of those that were tossed out,
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Ata kuptuan se ne ato qe ishin pa vlere,
07:07
65 percent were excluded
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65 perqind e tyre
07:11
because even though women
were included in the studies,
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edhe pse perfshinin gra ne studim,
07:15
the analysis didn't differentiate
between women and men.
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analizat nuk diferenconin grate dhe burrat.
07:22
What a lost opportunity.
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Nje mundesi e shkuar kot.
07:25
The money had been spent
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Shpenzimi ishte bere
07:27
and we didn't learn how women fared.
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dhe nuk arritem te mesonim sesi vajti per grate.
07:29
And these studies could not contribute one iota
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Keto studime nuk kontribuonin aspak
07:32
to the very, very important question,
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te kjo pyetje shume shume e rendesishme,
07:34
what are the most effective treatments
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se cilat jane trajtimet me efektive
07:37
for heart disease in women?
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per semundjen e zemres te grate?
07:40
I want to introduce you to
Hortense, my godmother,
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Dua tju prezantoj me Hortense,
kumbares sime,
07:45
Hung Wei, a relative of a colleague,
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Hung Wei, kusherira e koleges,
07:49
and somebody you may recognize --
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dhe dikush qe mund ta njihni --
07:51
Dana, Christopher Reeve's wife.
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Dana, gruaja e Christopher Reeve.
07:54
All three women have something
very important in common.
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Keto tre gra kane dicka
shume te rendesishme te perbashket.
07:59
All three were diagnosed with lung cancer,
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Te treja ishin diagnostikuar
me kancer ne mushkeri,
08:02
the number one cancer killer of women
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kanceri vrases numri nje te grate
08:05
in the United States today.
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ne SHBA sot.
08:08
All three were nonsmokers.
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Asnjera nuk pinte duhan.
08:12
Sadly, Dana and Hung Wei died of their disease.
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Fatkeqsisht, Dana dhe Hung Wei vdiqen nga semundja.
08:17
Today, what we know is that women who are
nonsmokers are three times more likely
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Sot dime qe grate qe s'pine duhan
jane tre here me shume te prirura
08:23
to be diagnosed with lung cancer than are men
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te diagnostikohen me kancer te mushkerise
sesa burrat
08:26
who are nonsmokers.
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qe s'pine duhan.
08:28
Now interestingly, when women are
diagnosed with lung cancer,
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Interesante eshte qe, kur grate diagnostikohen
me kancer mushkerie,
08:32
their survival tends to be better than that of men.
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tendenca per te mbijetuar eshte me e larte se te burrat.
08:35
Now, here are some clues.
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Ja disa ye dhena.
08:37
Our investigators have found that there are
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Investigatoret tane gjeten se jane
08:39
certain genes in the lung tumor
cells of both women and men.
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disa gene ne qelizat e tumorit te mushkerise ne te dy,
burrat dhe grate.
08:44
And these genes are activated
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Keto gene aktivizohen
08:46
mainly by estrogen.
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kryesisht nga estrogjeni.
08:48
And when these genes are over-expressed,
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Kur keto gene jane te mbi-shprehur,
08:51
it's associated with improved survival
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kjo shoqerohet me tendence per mbijetese
08:53
only in young women.
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vetem ne grate e reja.
08:56
Now this is a very early finding
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Kjo eshte gjetje fillestare
08:58
and we don't yet know whether it has relevance
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dhe nuk e dime akoma se sa lidhet
09:01
to clinical care.
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me kujdesin klinik.
09:04
But it's findings like this that may provide hope
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Por jane gjetje si keto qe sjellin shprese
09:08
and may provide an opportunity to save lives
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dhe mundesi per te shpetuar jete
09:11
of both women and men.
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ne te dy, gra dhe burra.
09:13
Now, let me share with you an example
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Tju tregoj nje shembull
09:14
of when we do consider sex differences,
it can drive the science.
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se kur konsiderojme qe dallimet gjinore
e shtyjne shkencen.
09:18
Several years ago a new lung cancer drug
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Disa vjet me pare po testohej
09:21
was being evaluated,
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nje ilac i ri per kancerin ne mushkeri,
09:22
and when the authors looked
at whose tumors shrank,
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dhe kur autoret pane te tumoret e zvogeluar,
09:27
they found that 82 percent were women.
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mesuan qe 82 perqind ishin gra.
09:30
This led them to ask the question: Well, why?
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Kjo i drejtoi te pyetja: Pse?
09:33
And what they found
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Ata gjeten se
09:35
was that the genetic mutations
that the drug targeted
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mutacionet gjenetike qe shenjonte ilaci
09:38
were far more common in women.
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ishin shume me te zakonshme te grate.
09:41
And what this has led to
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Kjo i ka drejtuar te
09:43
is a more personalized approach
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nje perpjekje me e personalizuar
09:45
to the treatment of lung cancer
that also includes sex.
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e trajtimit te kancerit te mushkerise
qe pershin gjinine.
09:49
This is what we can accomplish
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Kete mund ta arrijme
09:51
when we don't leave women's health to chance.
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kur nuk ia leme shansit shendetin e gruas.
09:55
We know that when you invest in research,
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Dime qe kur investojme ne kerkim
09:58
you get results.
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marrim rezultate.
10:00
Take a look at the death rate
from breast cancer over time.
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Hidhni nje veshtrim ne perqindjet e vdekjeve nga kanceri i gjirit gjate kohes.
10:04
And now take a look at the death rates
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Tani shihni perqindjet e vdekjeve
10:06
from lung cancer in women over time.
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nga kanceri i mushkerise ne gra gjate kohes.
10:09
Now let's look at the dollars
invested in breast cancer --
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Le te shohim dollaret e investuar ne kancerin e gjirit--
10:13
these are the dollars invested per death --
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keta jane dollare te investuar per vdekje --
10:16
and the dollars invested in lung cancer.
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dhe dollaret e investuar ne kancerin e mushkerise.
10:20
Now, it's clear that our investment in breast cancer
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Eshte e qarte qe investimi ne kancerin e gjirit
10:25
has produced results.
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ka dhene rezultat.
10:27
They may not be fast enough,
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Mund te mos jete shume i shpejte,
10:29
but it has produced results.
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por ka dhene rezultat.
10:31
We can do the same
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Mund te bejme te njejten
10:33
for lung cancer and for every other disease.
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per kancerin e mushkerise dhe cdo semundje tjeter.
10:38
So let's go back to depression.
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Le te kthehemi te depresioni.
10:42
Depression is the number one cause
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Depresioni eshte shkaku numer nje
10:44
of disability in women in the world today.
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i paaftesise te grate ne bote sot.
10:49
Our investigators have found
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Investigatoret tane kane gjetur
10:51
that there are differences in the brains
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qe ka dallime ne trurin
10:52
of women and men
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e grave dhe burrave
10:54
in the areas that are connected with mood.
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ne zonat qe jane te lidhura
me gjendjen shpirterore.
10:57
And when you put men and women
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Kur ve grate dhe burrat
10:59
in a functional MRI scanner --
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ne nje skaner MRI funksional --
11:01
that's the kind of scanner that shows how the brain is functioning when it's activated --
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ky eshte lloji i skanerit qe tregon si funksionon
truri kur eshte i aktivizuar --
11:06
so you put them in the scanner
and you expose them to stress.
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pra i ve ne skaner dhe i ekspozon ndaj stresit.
11:10
You can actually see the difference.
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Mund te shohesh qarte dallimin.
11:13
And it's findings like this
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Jane gjetje si keto
11:16
that we believe hold some of the clues
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qe ne besojme se mbajne te dhena
11:19
for why we see these very significant sex differences
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se pse shohim kete dallim gjinor kaq te theksuar
11:23
in depression.
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tek depresioni.
11:25
But even though we know
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Por edhe pse dime
11:27
that these differences occur,
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qe keto dallime ekzistojne,
11:29
66 percent
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66 perqind
11:32
of the brain research that begins in animals
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e kerkimit ne tru qe fillon tek kafshet
11:36
is done in either male animals
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behet ose ne kafshe meshkuj
11:38
or animals in whom the sex is not identified.
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ose ne kafshe me gjini te paidentifikuar.
11:43
So, I think we have to ask again the question:
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Mendoj qe duhet te bejme pyetjen prape:
11:46
Why leave women's health to chance?
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Pse tja lesh shansit shendetin e gruas?
11:51
And this is a question that haunts those of us
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Kjo eshte pyetje qe na shpon ne
11:54
in science and medicine
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te shkences dhe mjekesise
11:56
who believe that we are on the verge
of being able to dramatically improve
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qe besojme se jemi rrugen e permiresimit
12:02
the health of women.
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dramatik te shendetit te grave.
12:04
We know that every cell has a sex.
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Ne dime qe cdo qelize ka gjini.
12:06
We know that these differences
are often overlooked.
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E dime qe keto dallime neglizhohen.
12:09
And therefore we know that women
are not getting the full benefit
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Si rrjedhim e dime qe grate nuk po marrin perfitimin e plote
12:14
of modern science and medicine today.
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te shkences dhe mjekesise moderne sot.
12:17
We have the tools
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Ne kemi mjetet
12:19
but we lack the collective will and momentum.
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por nuk kemi deshiren dhe vrullin kolektiv.
12:23
Women's health is an equal rights issue
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Shendeti i gruas eshte
nje ceshtje te drejtash te barabarta
12:26
as important as equal pay.
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po aq i rendesishem sa pagesa e barabarte.
12:29
And it's an issue of the quality
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Eshte problem i cilesise
12:31
and the integrity of science and medicine.
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dhe integritetit te shkences dhe mjekesise.
12:35
(Applause)
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(Duartrokitje)
12:42
So imagine the momentum we could achieve
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Imagjinoni vrullin qe mund te marrim
12:47
in advancing the health of women
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ne avancimin e shendetit te gruas
12:49
if we considered whether these
sex differences were present
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nese konsiderojme se dallimet gjinore jane aty
12:52
at the very beginning of designing research.
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ne fillimet e hershme te dizajnimit te kerkimit.
12:55
Or if we analyzed our data by sex.
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Ose nese analizojme te dhenat tona nga gjinia.
12:59
So, people often ask me:
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Njerezit me pyesin shpesh:
13:01
What can I do?
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Cfare mund te bej une?
13:03
And here's what I suggest:
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Ketu une sugjeroj:
13:05
First, I suggest that you think about women's health
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E para, qe ju te mendoni per shendetin e gruas
13:09
in the same way
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ne te njejten menyre
13:11
that you think and care about other
causes that are important to you.
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qe mendoni dhe kujdeseni per ceshtjet e tjera qe jane te rendesishme per ju.
13:17
And second, and equally as important,
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E dyta dhe po aq e rendesishme,
13:20
that as a woman,
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qe si grua,
13:22
you have to ask your doctor
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ti duhet t'i kerkosh doktorit tend
13:25
and the doctors who are caring
for those who you love:
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dhe doktoreve te te afermeve te tu:
13:30
Is this disease or treatment different in women?
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A eshte kjo semundje apo trajtim i ndryshem te grate?
13:34
Now, this is a profound question
because the answer is likely yes,
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Kjo eshte nje pyetje e thelle sepse
pergjigjia mund te jete po,
13:38
but your doctor may not know
the answer, at least not yet.
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por doktori juaj mund te mos e dije pergjigjen, akoma.
13:42
But if you ask the question,
your doctor will very likely
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Por nese ti ben pyetjen,
13:46
go looking for the answer.
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doktori do kerkoje per pergjigjen.
13:48
And this is so important,
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Dhe kjo eshte kaq e rendesishme,
13:51
not only for ourselves,
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jo vetem per ne,
13:53
but for all of those whom we love.
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por per te gjithe ata qe duam.
13:55
Whether it be a mother, a daughter, a sister,
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Qofte nene, vajze, moter,
14:00
a friend or a grandmother.
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shoqe apo gjyshe.
14:04
It was my grandmother's suffering
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Ishte vuajtja e gjyshes time
14:06
that inspired my work
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1933
qe me frymezoi
14:08
to improve the health of women.
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per te permiresuar shendetin e gruas.
14:11
That's her legacy.
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Kjo eshte legacia e saj.
14:13
Our legacy can be to improve the health of women
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Legacia jone eshte permiresimi i shendetit te grave
14:18
for this generation
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per kete gjenerate
14:20
and for generations to come.
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dhe gjeneratat e ardhshme.
14:23
Thank you.
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Falemnderit.
14:25
(Applause)
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(Duartrokitje)
Translated by Helena Bedalli
Reviewed by Aida Musai

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Johnson - Women's-health expert
Dr. Paula Johnson is a pioneer in looking at health from a woman's perspective.

Why you should listen

Ever think you were having a heart attack? It turns out that many of the well-known early symptoms, such as chest pain and pressure from left arm to jaw, are more typically experienced by men. Women are more likely to experience shortness of breath, unusual perspiration and abdominal discomfort. Dr. Paula Johnson was one of the first to ask big questions about women's experience of cardiac care -- and their access to care that meets their needs.

Johnson and her team at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston focus on mentoring, measuring and bringing together expertise from practicing clinicians and academics to improve women's health. She says: "One of our core responsibilities will be to address critical questions ... such as, 'How do sex and gender impact health and health outcomes?' and 'How can health disparities among different groups of women be eliminated?'"

More profile about the speaker
Paula Johnson | Speaker | TED.com