TEDxRainier
Lesley Hazleton: On reading the Koran
Lesli Hejzelton: O čitanju Kurana
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Lesli Hejzelton je jednog dana sela da pročita Kuran. I ono što je pronašla - kao neko ko nije musliman, i kao samoprozvana "turistkinja" u islamskoj svetoj knjizi - nije bilo ono što je očekivala. Sa ozbiljnom učenošću i toplim humorom, Hejzeltonova deli draž, fleksibilnost i misterioznost koju je pronašla, putem ovog demistifikujećeg govora sa TEDxRainier.
Lesley Hazleton - Writer, psychologist
Writer, psychologist and former Middle East reporter Lesley Hazleton explores the vast and often terrifying arena in which politics and religion intersect. Full bio
Writer, psychologist and former Middle East reporter Lesley Hazleton explores the vast and often terrifying arena in which politics and religion intersect. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
You may have heard
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Možda ste čuli
00:17
about the Koran's idea of paradise
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da u Kuranu ideja raja
00:19
being 72 virgins,
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jesu 72 device.
00:21
and I promise I will come back to those virgins.
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I obećavam da ću se kasnije vratiti na te device.
00:24
But in fact, here in the northwest,
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Ali zapravo, ovde na severozapadu,
00:26
we're living very close
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živimo veoma blizu
00:28
to the real Koranic idea of paradise,
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pravoj kuranskoj slici raja,
00:30
defined 36 times
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36 puta definisanoj
00:32
as "gardens watered by running streams."
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kao "vrtovi koji su prožeti tekućim potocima.".
00:37
Since I live on a houseboat on the running stream of Lake Union,
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Pošto ja živim na splavu, na tekućoj pritoci jezera Junion,
00:40
this makes perfect sense to me.
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meni je to savršeno smisleno.
00:43
But the thing is, how come it's news to most people?
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Stvar je u tome, otkud ovo može biti novost za većinu ljudi?
00:47
I know many well-intentioned non-Muslims
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Znam mnoge dobronamerne nemuslimane
00:50
who've begun reading the Koran, but given up,
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koji su počeli da čitaju Kuran, ali su odustali,
00:52
disconcerted by its "otherness."
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uznemireni njegovom različitošću.
00:55
The historian Thomas Carlyle
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Istoričar Tomas Karlajl je
00:57
considered Muhammad one of the world's greatest heroes,
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smatrao Muhameda jednim od najvećih heroja na svetu,
01:00
yet even he called the Koran
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pa ipak, čak i on je nazvao Kuran
01:02
"as toilsome reading as I ever undertook,
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"Najnapornijim štivom koje sam ikada uzeo,
01:05
a wearisome, confused jumble."
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zamoran, zbunjuć, zbrkan.".
01:08
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:10
Part of the problem, I think,
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Deo problema, ja mislim,
01:12
is that we imagine that the Koran can be read
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jeste u tome što zamišljamo da se Kuran može pročitati
01:15
as we usually read a book --
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kao što mi obično čitamo knjige -
01:17
as though we can curl up with it on a rainy afternoon
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misleći da se možemo sklupčati uz nju jednog kišnog popodneva
01:20
with a bowl of popcorn within reach,
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sa činijom kokica na dohvat,
01:22
as though God --
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kao da je Bog -
01:24
and the Koran is entirely in the voice of God speaking to Muhammad --
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a čitav Kuran je Božiji glas koji se obraća Muhamedu -
01:27
were just another author on the bestseller list.
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samo još jedan autor na listi best selera.
01:32
Yet the fact that so few people
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Pa ipak zato što tako malo ljudi
01:34
do actually read the Koran
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zapravo čita Kuran
01:36
is precisely why it's so easy to quote --
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je upravo ono zbog čega ga je lako citirati -
01:39
that is, to misquote.
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to jest, pogrešno citirati.
01:42
Phrases and snippets taken out of context
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Fraze i komadići uzeti iz konteksta
01:45
in what I call the "highlighter version,"
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su ono što ja zovem sažetom verzijom,
01:47
which is the one favored by both Muslim fundamentalists
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koju favorizuju i muslimanski fundamentalisti
01:50
and anti-Muslim Islamophobes.
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i antimuslimanski islamofobici.
01:53
So this past spring,
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I tako prošlog proleća,
01:55
as I was gearing up
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dok sam se pripremala
01:57
to begin writing a biography of Muhammad,
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da počnem pisanje Muhamedove biografije,
02:00
I realized I needed to read the Koran properly --
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shvatila sam da moram da pročitam Kuran kako dolikuje -
02:03
as properly as I could, that is.
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to jest, koliko god dolično to budem mogla.
02:06
My Arabic's reduced by now
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Moj arapski je do sada sveden
02:08
to wielding a dictionary,
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na listanje rečnika,
02:10
so I took four well-known translations
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zato sam uzela četiri dobro poznata prevoda
02:12
and decided to read them side-by-side,
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i odlučila da ih čitam paralelno
02:14
verse-by-verse
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stih po stih
02:16
along with a transliteration
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zajedno sa prevodom
02:19
and the original seventh-century Arabic.
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i originalnim arapskim iz sedmog veka.
02:23
Now I did have an advantage.
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E sad, imala sam prednost.
02:27
My last book
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Moja poslednja knjiga
02:29
was about the story behind the Shi'a-Sunni split,
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je bila o raskolu između Šiita i Sunita,
02:32
and for that I'd worked closely with the earliest Islamic histories,
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i zbog toga sam radila dosta sa najranijim islamskim istorijama,
02:35
so I knew the events
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pa sam znala dogadjaje
02:37
to which the Koran constantly refers,
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na koje se Kuran konstantno poziva,
02:39
its frame of reference.
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njegovu okvirnu odrednicu.
02:41
I knew enough, that is, to know
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Znala sam dovoljno, to jest, da bih znala
02:43
that I'd be a tourist in the Koran --
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da ću biti turistkinja u Kuranu -
02:46
an informed one,
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jedna od informisanih,
02:48
an experienced one even,
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čak i jedna od onih sa iskustvom,
02:50
but still an outsider,
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ali ipak stranac,
02:52
an agnostic Jew
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agnostička Jevrejka
02:54
reading some else's holy book.
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koja čita tudju svetu knjigu.
02:56
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:58
So I read slowly.
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Zato sam čitala polako.
03:00
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:04
I'd set aside three weeks for this project,
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Odvojila sam tri nedelje za ovaj projekat,
03:07
and that, I think, is what is meant by "hubris" --
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i to je, ono što mislim da se podrazumeva rečju oholost.
03:09
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:13
-- because it turned out to be three months.
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Zato što se to pretvorilo u tri meseca.
03:18
I did resist the temptation to skip to the back
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Odolela sam iskušenju da preskočim na kraj
03:20
where the shorter and more clearly mystical chapters are.
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gde su kraća i očigledno mističnija poglavlja.
03:23
But every time I thought I was beginning
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Ali svaki put kad sam pomislila da počinjem
03:25
to get a handle on the Koran --
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da razumem Kuran -
03:27
that feeling of "I get it now" --
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taj osećaj "sad kapiram" -
03:29
it would slip away overnight,
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bi iskliznuo preko noći.
03:31
and I'd come back in the morning
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I vratila bih se ujutru
03:33
wondering if I wasn't lost in a strange land,
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pitajući se da li sam izgubljena u čudnoj zemlji.
03:36
and yet the terrain was very familiar.
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A opet, teren je bio veoma poznat.
03:40
The Koran declares that it comes
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Kuran tvrdi da dolazi
03:42
to renew the message of the Torah and the Gospels.
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da obnovi poruke Tore i Jevandjelja.
03:44
So one-third of it
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Tako da jedna trećina
03:46
reprises the stories of Biblical figures
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reprizira priče o biblijskim ličnostima
03:48
like Abraham, Moses,
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kao što su Abraham, Mojsije,
03:50
Joseph, Mary, Jesus.
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Jozef, Marija, Isus.
03:53
God himself was utterly familiar
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Bog je bio potpuno poznat
03:56
from his earlier manifestation as Yahweh --
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iz svoje predjašnje manifestacije kao Jahve -
03:59
jealously insisting on no other gods.
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ljubomorno insistirajući na nemanju drugih bogova.
04:03
The presence of camels, mountains,
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Prisustvo kamila, planina,
04:06
desert wells and springs
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pustinjskih bunara izvora
04:08
took me back to the year I spent
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vratilo me je nazad u godinu koju sam provela
04:10
wandering the Sinai Desert.
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lutajući Sinajskom pustinjom.
04:12
And then there was the language,
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A onda je tu bio jezik,
04:14
the rhythmic cadence of it,
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stopa njegovog rimovanja,
04:16
reminding me of evenings spent listening to Bedouin elders
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podsetila me je na večeri provedene u slušanju beduinskih starešina
04:19
recite hours-long narrative poems
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koji recituju višesatne, duge narativne pesme
04:22
entirely from memory.
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potpuno iz sećanja.
04:25
And I began to grasp
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I onda sam počela da shvatam
04:27
why it's said
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zašto se kaže
04:30
that the Koran is really the Koran
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da je Kuran stvarno Kuran
04:33
only in Arabic.
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samo na arapskom.
04:35
Take the Fatihah,
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Uzmimo Fatihah,
04:37
the seven-verse opening chapter
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sedam strofa dugo uvodno poglavlje
04:39
that is the Lord's Prayer and the Shema Yisrael of Islam combined.
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koje je očenaš i "Šema Izrael" islama u kombinaciji.
04:44
It's just 29 words in Arabic,
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To je samo 29 reči na arapskom,
04:46
but anywhere from 65 to 72 in translation.
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ali 65 do 72 reči u prevodu.
04:50
And yet the more you add,
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A opet, što više dodaš,
04:52
the more seems to go missing.
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više izgleda da fali.
04:55
The Arabic has an incantatory,
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Arapski ima čaroban,
04:58
almost hypnotic, quality
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skoro hipnotički kvalitet,
05:00
that begs to be heard rather than read,
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koji bukvalno preklinje da bude slušan, umesto pročitan,
05:03
felt more than analyzed.
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doživljen, više nego analiziran.
05:06
It wants to be chanted out loud,
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Želi da bude uzvikivan glasno,
05:08
to sound its music in the ear and on the tongue.
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da oglasi svoju muziku u uhu i na jeziku.
05:11
So the Koran in English
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Tako da je Kuran na engleskom
05:13
is a kind of shadow of itself,
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na neki način sopstvena senka
05:16
or as Arthur Arberry called his version,
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ili kako je Artur Arberi nazvao svoju verziju,
05:19
"an interpretation."
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"interpretacija":
05:22
But all is not lost in translation.
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ali nije sve izgubljeno u prevodu.
05:25
As the Koran promises, patience is rewarded,
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Kao što Kuran obećava, strpljenje je nagradjeno,
05:28
and there are many surprises --
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i postoje mnoga iznenadjenja -
05:30
a degree of environmental awareness, for instance,
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stepen ekološke svesti na primer
05:33
and of humans as mere stewards of God's creation,
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i ljudi kao puke čuvare Božijeg stvaranja,
05:36
unmatched in the Bible.
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bez premca u Bibliji.
05:39
And where the Bible is addressed exclusively to men,
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I dok se Biblija obraća isključivo muškarcima,
05:42
using the second and third person masculine,
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koristeći drugo i treće lice muškog roda,
05:44
the Koran includes women --
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Kuran uključuje žene -
05:47
talking, for instance,
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govoreći, na primer,
05:49
of believing men and believing women,
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o muškarcima vernicima i ženama vernicama -
05:51
honorable men and honorable women.
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časnim muškarcima i časnim ženama.
05:56
Or take the infamous verse
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Ili uzmimo neslavni stih
05:58
about killing the unbelievers.
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o ubijanju nevernika.
06:00
Yes, it does say that,
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Da, zaista kaže to,
06:02
but in a very specific context:
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ali u veoma odredjenom kontekstu:
06:05
the anticipated conquest
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za očekivano osvanjanje
06:07
of the sanctuary city of Mecca
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svetog grada Meke
06:09
where fighting was usually forbidden,
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gde je borba obično bila zabranjena.
06:12
and the permission comes hedged about with qualifiers.
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A dozvola je ograničena određenim uslovima.
06:15
Not "You must kill unbelievers in Mecca,"
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Ne kaže, morate ubiti nevernike u Meki,
06:18
but you can, you are allowed to,
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već možete, dozvoljeno vam je,
06:21
but only after a grace period is over
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ali samo nakon isteka perioda milosrdnog odlaganja
06:25
and only if there's no other pact in place
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i samo ako se ne može pronaći drugi dogovor
06:28
and only if they try to stop you getting to the Kaaba,
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i samo ako te sprečavaju da dodješ do Kabe,
06:31
and only if they attack you first.
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i samo ako te prvi napadnu.
06:34
And even then -- God is merciful;
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Čak i tada - Bog je milostiv,
06:37
forgiveness is supreme --
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oproštaj je uzvišen -
06:40
and so, essentially,
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i tako, u suštni,
06:42
better if you don't.
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boje je da to ne radiš.
06:44
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:47
This was perhaps the biggest surprise --
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To je možda najveće iznenadjenje -
06:50
how flexible the Koran is,
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koliko je Kuran fleksibilan,
06:52
at least in minds that are not
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makar u umovima koji nisu
06:54
fundamentally inflexible.
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fundamentalno nefleksibilni.
06:57
"Some of these verses are definite in meaning," it says,
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"Neki od ovih stihova su odredjeni u svom značenju", kaže,
07:00
"and others are ambiguous."
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"a drugi su dvosmisleni.
07:03
The perverse at heart
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Oni izopačeni u srcu
07:05
will seek out the ambiguities,
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će tražiti dvosmislene,
07:07
trying to create discord
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pokušavajući da stvore neslogu
07:09
by pinning down meanings of their own.
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dodavanjem svojih značenja.
07:12
Only God knows the true meaning.
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Samo Bog zna pravo zančenje."
07:16
The phrase "God is subtle"
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Fraza "Bog je suptilan"
07:18
appears again and again,
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se pojavljuje iznova i iznova.
07:20
and indeed, the whole of the Koran is far more subtle
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I zaista, ceo Kuran je daleko suptilniji
07:22
than most of us have been led to believe.
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nego što je većina nas navedena da misli.
07:24
As in, for instance,
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Kao, na primer,
07:26
that little matter
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ta mala stvar
07:28
of virgins and paradise.
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o devicama i raju.
07:31
Old-fashioned Orientalism comes into play here.
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Staromodni orijentalizam ovde stupa na scenu.
07:35
The word used four times
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Četiri puta upotrebljena reč
07:37
is Houris,
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Houris,
07:39
rendered as
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predstavljena je kao
07:41
dark-eyed maidens with swelling breasts,
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tamnooke deve sa nateklim grudima,
07:44
or as fair, high-bosomed virgins.
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ili kao plavokose, prsate device.
07:48
Yet all there is in the original Arabic
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Ipak, sve što ima u originalnom arapskom
07:50
is that one word: Houris.
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je ta jedna reč: Houris.
07:54
Not a swelling breast nor a high bosom in sight.
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Nema otekle dojke ili bujnog poprsja na vidiku.
07:57
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:59
Now this may be a way of saying
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Sad, ovo može biti način da se kaže
08:01
"pure beings" -- like in angels --
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čista bića - kao andjeli -
08:03
or it may be like the Greek Kouros or Kórē,
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ili može biti kao grčki "kurosi" ili "kore",
08:06
an eternal youth.
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večna mladost.
08:08
But the truth is nobody really knows,
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Ali istina je da niko zapravo ne zna,
08:11
and that's the point.
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i u tome je poenta.
08:13
Because the Koran is quite clear
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Zato što je Kuran prilično jasan
08:15
when it says that you'll be
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kada kaže da ćeš biti,
08:17
"a new creation in paradise"
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"nova tvorevina u raju",
08:20
and that you will be "recreated
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i da ćeš biti "ponovo napravljen
08:22
in a form unknown to you,"
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u obliku koji ti je nepoznat",
08:25
which seems to me a far more appealing prospect
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što mi deluje kao daleko privlačniji izgled
08:28
than a virgin.
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od device.
08:30
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:38
And that number 72 never appears.
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A taj broj 72 se nigde ne pojavljuje.
08:41
There are no 72 virgins
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Ne postoje 72 device
08:43
in the Koran.
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u Kuranu.
08:45
That idea only came into being 300 years later,
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Ta ideja je došla tek 300 godina kasnije,
08:48
and most Islamic scholars see it as the equivalent
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i većina islamskih učenjaka to vidi kao poistovećenje
08:51
of people with wings sitting on clouds
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sa ljudima sa krilima koji sede na oblacima
08:53
and strumming harps.
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i sviraju harfe.
08:56
Paradise is quite the opposite.
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Raj je potpuna suprotnost.
08:59
It's not virginity;
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Nije nevinost,
09:01
it's fecundity.
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već je plodnost,
09:03
It's plenty.
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on je obilje,
09:05
It's gardens watered
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to su vrtovi prožeti
09:07
by running streams.
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tekućim potocima.
09:10
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
09:12
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
Reviewed by Ana Zivanovic-Nenadovic
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lesley Hazleton - Writer, psychologistWriter, psychologist and former Middle East reporter Lesley Hazleton explores the vast and often terrifying arena in which politics and religion intersect.
Why you should listen
Lesley Hazleton has traced the roots of conflict in several books, including compelling 'flesh-and-blood' biographies of Muhammad and Mary, and casts "an agnostic eye on politics, religion, and existence" on her blog, AccidentalTheologist.com.
Her newest book, Agnostic: A Spirited Manifesto, celebrates the agnostic stance as "rising above the flat two-dimensional line of belief/unbelief, creating new possibilities for how we think about being in the world." In it, she explores what we mean by the search for meaning, invokes the humbling perspective of infinity and reconsiders what we talk about when we talk about soul.
Hazleton's approach has been praised as "vital and mischievous" by the New York Times, and as "a positive orientation to life, one that embraces both science and mystery ... while remaining intimately grounded and engaged."
Lesley Hazleton | Speaker | TED.com