TED2015
Greg Gage: How to control someone else's arm with your brain
Greg Gejdž (Greg Gage): Kako da kontrolišete nečiju ruku svojim mozgom
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Greg Gejdž je na misiji da učini nauku o mozgu dostupnom svima. U ovoj zabavnoj i pomalo jezivoj demonstraciji, neuronaučnik i stariji član TED Fellows programa koristi jednostavnu i jeftinu opremu iz kućne radinosti kako bi oduzeo slobodnu volju osobi iz publike. Ovo nije jeftini trik; ovo zaista deluje. Morate da vidite da biste se uverili.
Greg Gage - Neuroscientist
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:14
The brain is an amazing and complex organ.
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Mozak je neverovatan i složen organ.
00:17
And while many people
are fascinated by the brain,
are fascinated by the brain,
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I dok mnoge fascinira mozak,
ne mogu vam zaista mnogo reći
00:20
they can't really tell you that much
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o svojstvima funkcionisanja mozga
00:21
about the properties
about how the brain works
about how the brain works
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00:24
because we don't teach
neuroscience in schools.
neuroscience in schools.
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jer ne predajemo neuronauke u školama.
00:26
And one of the reasons
why is that the equipment
why is that the equipment
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Jedan od razloga zbog čega je oprema
00:28
is so complex and so expensive
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tako složena i skupa
jeste taj da se ona koristi
jeste taj da se ona koristi
00:31
that it's really only done at major
universities and large institutions.
universities and large institutions.
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samo na većim univerzitetima
i u velikim ustanovama.
i u velikim ustanovama.
00:35
And so in order to be able
to access the brain,
to access the brain,
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Stoga, da biste mogli da pristupite mozgu,
00:37
you really need to dedicate your life
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morate stvarno da posvetite život
00:39
and spend six and a half years
as a graduate student
as a graduate student
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i provedete šest i po godina
kao postdiplomac
kao postdiplomac
samo da biste postali neuronaučnik
i dobili pristup ovim instrumentima.
i dobili pristup ovim instrumentima.
00:42
just to become a neuroscientist
to get access to these tools.
to get access to these tools.
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00:45
And that's a shame
because one out of five of us,
because one out of five of us,
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To je šteta, jer će jedan od petoro nas,
00:47
that's 20 percent of the entire world,
will have a neurological disorder.
will have a neurological disorder.
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a to je 20 posto čitavog sveta,
imati neurološki poremećaj.
imati neurološki poremećaj.
00:51
And there are zero cures
for these diseases.
for these diseases.
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A ne postoje lekovi za ove bolesti.
00:54
And so it seems that
what we should be doing
what we should be doing
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Tako da se čini da ono što treba raditi
00:57
is reaching back earlier
in the eduction process
in the eduction process
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jeste ranije dosezati
kroz obrazovni proces
kroz obrazovni proces
00:59
and teaching students about neuroscience
so that in the future,
so that in the future,
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i učiti učenike o neuronaukama
tako da u budućnosti
tako da u budućnosti
01:04
they may be thinking about possibly
becoming a brain scientist.
becoming a brain scientist.
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mogu razmišljati o tome da možda postanu
stručnjaci za mozak.
stručnjaci za mozak.
Kada sam bio postdiplomac, moj kolega
iz laboratorije Tim Marculo i ja
iz laboratorije Tim Marculo i ja
01:08
When I was a graduate student,
my lab mate Tim Marzullo and myself,
my lab mate Tim Marzullo and myself,
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01:11
decided that what if we took
this complex equipment that we have
this complex equipment that we have
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smo razmišljali: šta ako uzmemo
ovu složenu opremu koju imamo
ovu složenu opremu koju imamo
01:15
for studying the brain and made it simple
enough and affordable enough
enough and affordable enough
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za izučavanje mozga i učinimo je
dovoljno jednostavnom i pristupačnom
dovoljno jednostavnom i pristupačnom
01:19
that anyone that you know, an amateur
or a high school student,
or a high school student,
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tako da bilo ko, amater ili srednjoškolac,
01:22
could learn and actually participate
in the discovery of neuroscience.
in the discovery of neuroscience.
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može da uči i učestvuje
u otkrivanju neuronauka.
u otkrivanju neuronauka.
01:25
And so we did just that.
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I upravo smo to uradili.
Pre nekoliko godina, osnovali smo firmu
pod nazivom "Mozgovi iz dvorišta"
pod nazivom "Mozgovi iz dvorišta"
01:27
A few years ago, we started
a company called Backyard Brains
a company called Backyard Brains
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01:30
and we make DIY neuroscience equipment
and I brought some here tonight,
and I brought some here tonight,
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i napravili smo
neuronaučnu opremu iz kućne radinosti
neuronaučnu opremu iz kućne radinosti
i doneo sam nešto od toga večeras
da vam demonstriram.
da vam demonstriram.
01:34
and I want to do some demonstrations.
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01:37
You guys want to see some?
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Želite da vidite?
01:38
So I need a volunteer.
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Treba mi dobrovoljac.
01:41
So right before -- what is your name?
(Applause)
(Applause)
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Kako se zovete? (Aplauz)
01:44
Sam Kelly: Sam.
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Sem Keli: Sem.
01:45
Greg Gage: All right, Sam, I'm going
to record from your brain.
to record from your brain.
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Greg Gejdž: U redu, Sem,
obaviću neka očitavanja vašeg mozga.
obaviću neka očitavanja vašeg mozga.
01:48
Have you had this before?
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Da li ste nekada radili ovo?
01:49
SK: No.
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SK: Ne.
01:50
GG: I need you to stick out
your arm for science,
your arm for science,
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GG: Hoću da ispružite ruku u ime nauke,
01:53
roll up your sleeve a bit,
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zavrnite rukav malo.
01:54
So what I'm going to do,
I'm putting electrodes on your arm,
I'm putting electrodes on your arm,
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Staviću elektrode na vašu ruku,
01:57
and you're probably wondering,
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i verovatno se pitate,
01:59
I just said I'm going to record from your
brain, what am I doing with your arm?
brain, what am I doing with your arm?
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upravo sam rekao da ću da očitavam
sa mozga, šta radim sa rukom?
sa mozga, šta radim sa rukom?
02:02
Well, you have about 80 billion neurons
inside your brain right now.
inside your brain right now.
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Pa, imate oko 80 milijardi neurona
unutar svog mozga u ovom trenutku.
unutar svog mozga u ovom trenutku.
02:06
They're sending electrical messages
back and forth, and chemical messages.
back and forth, and chemical messages.
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Oni šalju elektro i hemijske poruke
napred i nazad.
napred i nazad.
02:09
But some of your neurons
right here in your motor cortex
right here in your motor cortex
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Ali neki od vaših neurona
ovde u motoričkom korteksu
ovde u motoričkom korteksu
02:12
are going to send messages down
when you move your arm like this.
when you move your arm like this.
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će poslati poruke nadole
kada ovako pomerite ruku.
kada ovako pomerite ruku.
02:15
They're going to go down
across your corpus callosum,
across your corpus callosum,
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Krenuće preko vašeg korpus kalosuma,
preko kičmene moždine
preko kičmene moždine
02:17
down onto your spinal cord
to your lower motor neuron
to your lower motor neuron
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do nižih motoričkih neurona
prema vašim mišićima ovde,
02:20
out to your muscles here,
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02:21
and that electrical discharge
is going to be picked up
is going to be picked up
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a to električno pražnjenje će primiti
02:24
by these electrodes right here
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ove elektrode ovde
02:25
and we're going to be able to listen
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i moći ćemo da čujemo
02:27
to exactly what your brain
is going to be doing.
is going to be doing.
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upravo ono što će vaš mozak raditi.
02:29
So I'm going to turn this on for a second.
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Uključiću ovo na sekundu.
Da li ste ikada čuli kako vaš mozak zvuči?
02:31
Have you ever heard
what your brain sounds like?
what your brain sounds like?
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SK: Ne.
02:34
SK: No.
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GG: Hajde da probamo. Stegnite svoju ruku.
02:35
GG: Let's try it out.
So go ahead and squeeze your hand.
So go ahead and squeeze your hand.
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02:37
(Rumbling)
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(Krčanje)
02:38
So what you're listening to,
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Ono što čujete,
02:40
so this is your motor units
happening right here.
happening right here.
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to se pokreću vaše
motoričke jedinice ovde.
motoričke jedinice ovde.
02:44
Let's take a look at it as well.
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Hajde da pogledamo i ovo.
02:46
So I'm going to stand over here,
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Stajaću ovde
02:49
and I'm going to open up our app here.
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i otvoriću našu aplikaciju.
02:52
So now I want you to squeeze.
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Sad hoću da stegnete.
02:53
(Rumbling)
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(Krčanje)
02:54
So right here, these are the motor units
that are happening
that are happening
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Ovo ovde su motoričke jedinice,
koje idu od njene kičmene moždine
ka njenim mišićima ovde,
ka njenim mišićima ovde,
02:57
from her spinal cord
out to her muscle right here,
out to her muscle right here,
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i dok to radi,
03:00
and as she's doing it,
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vidite električnu aktivnost
koja se odvija.
koja se odvija.
03:01
you're seeing the electrical activity
that's happening here.
that's happening here.
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Možete čak i da kliknete ovde
da vidite neku od njih.
da vidite neku od njih.
03:04
You can even click here
and try to see one of them.
and try to see one of them.
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Nastavite da to radite snažno.
03:06
So keep doing it really hard.
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Sada smo pauzirali
03:08
So now we've paused
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na jednom motoričkom akcionom potencijalu
koji se upravo dešava unutar vašeg mozga.
koji se upravo dešava unutar vašeg mozga.
03:09
on one motor action potential that's
happening right now inside of your brain.
happening right now inside of your brain.
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03:13
Do you guys want to see some more?
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Želite da vidite još nešto?
03:15
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
03:16
That's interesting,
but let's get it better.
but let's get it better.
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Zanimljivo je, ali neka bude još bolje.
03:18
I need one more volunteer.
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Treba mi još jedan dobrovoljac.
03:21
What is your name, sir?
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Kako se zovete, gospodine?
03:24
Miguel Goncalves: Miguel.
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Migel Gonzales: Migel.
GG: Migel, u redu.
03:25
GG: Miguel, all right.
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03:26
You're going to stand right here.
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Vi ćete stajati ovde.
03:27
So when you're moving your arm like this,
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Kada pomerate ruku ovako,
03:29
your brain is sending a signal
down to your muscles right here.
down to your muscles right here.
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vaš mozak šalje signal ka mišićima ovde.
03:33
I want you to move your arm as well.
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Hoću da i vi pomerate ruku.
03:34
So your brain is going to send
a signal down to your muscles.
a signal down to your muscles.
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Vaš mozak će poslati signal
ka vašim mišićima.
ka vašim mišićima.
03:37
And so it turns out that there is
a nerve that's right here
a nerve that's right here
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Ovde postoji nerv
03:41
that runs up here that innervates
these three fingers,
these three fingers,
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koji se nadovezuje ovde
koji inerviše ova tri prsta
koji inerviše ova tri prsta
03:44
and it's close enough to the skin
that we might be able
that we might be able
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i dovoljno je blizu kože
03:47
to stimulate that so that what we can do
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da bismo mogli da ga stimulišemo
03:49
is copy your brain signals
going out to your hand
going out to your hand
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tako da kopiramo moždane signale
koji idu ka vašoj ruci
koji idu ka vašoj ruci
03:52
and inject it into your hand,
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i ubacimo ih u vašu ruku,
tako da će se vaša ruka pomerati
kada mozak kaže vašoj ruci da se pomera.
kada mozak kaže vašoj ruci da se pomera.
03:54
so that your hand will move
when your brain tells your hand to move.
when your brain tells your hand to move.
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03:57
So in a sense, she will take away
your free will
your free will
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Tako da će vam ona, na neki način,
oduzeti slobodnu volju
oduzeti slobodnu volju
04:00
and you will no longer have
any control over this hand.
any control over this hand.
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i više nećete imati kontrolu
nad ovom rukom.
nad ovom rukom.
Da li me pratite?
04:03
You with me?
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04:05
So I just need to hook you up.
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Samo treba da vas spojim.
04:07
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:09
So I'm going to find your ulnar nerve,
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Pronaći ću vaš ulnarni nerv,
04:11
which is probably right around here.
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koji je verovatno ovde negde.
04:14
You don't know what you're signing up for
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Ne znate šta će vas snaći
04:16
when you come up.
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kad izađete.
04:17
So now I'm going to move away
and we're going to plug it in
and we're going to plug it in
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Sada ćemo ga priključiti ovde
04:20
to our human-to-human interface over here.
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na naš interfejs čovek-čovek.
04:24
Okay, so Sam, I want you
to squeeze your hand again.
to squeeze your hand again.
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Okej Sem, hoću da ponovo
stisnete svoju ruku.
stisnete svoju ruku.
04:29
Do it again. Perfect.
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Uradite to ponovo. Savršeno.
04:31
So now I'm going to hook you up
over here so that you get the --
over here so that you get the --
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Sada ću da vas prikačim ovde
tako da dobijete -
tako da dobijete -
04:34
It's going to feel
a little bit weird at first,
a little bit weird at first,
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Biće malo čudan osećaj u početku,
04:36
this is going to feel like a --
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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osetićete kao - (Smeh)
04:38
You know, when you lose your free will,
and someone else becomes your agent,
and someone else becomes your agent,
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Znate, kada izgubite slobodnu volju,
i neko drugi postane vaš pokretač,
i neko drugi postane vaš pokretač,
04:42
it does feel a bit strange.
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to bude pomalo čudno.
04:44
Now I want you to relax your hand.
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Sada hoću da opustite ruku.
04:46
Sam, you're with me?
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Sem, je l' me pratite?
04:47
So you're going to squeeze.
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Dakle, stisnućete šaku.
04:48
I'm not going to turn it on yet,
so go ahead and give it a squeeze.
so go ahead and give it a squeeze.
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Neću još da uključujem,
zato hajde stisnite ruku.
zato hajde stisnite ruku.
04:52
So now, are you ready, Miguel?
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Jeste li spremni, Migel?
04:54
MG: Ready as I'll ever be.
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MG: Spreman kao nikad pre.
04:56
GG: I've turned it on, so go ahead
and turn your hand.
and turn your hand.
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GG: Uključio sam,
pa hajde okrenite svoju ruku.
pa hajde okrenite svoju ruku.
04:59
Do you feel that a little bit?
MG: Nope.
MG: Nope.
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Da li osećate pomalo?
MG: Ne.
MG: Ne.
05:01
GG: Okay, do it again?
MG: A little bit.
MG: A little bit.
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GG: Okej, uradite to ponovo?
MG: Pomalo.
MG: Pomalo.
05:03
GG: A little bit? (Laughter)
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GG: Pomalo? (Smeh)
05:04
So relax.
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Opustite se.
05:05
So hit it again.
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Hajde ponovo.
05:07
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:08
Oh, perfect, perfect.
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Savršeno, savršeno.
05:10
So relax, do it again.
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Opustite se, hajde ponovo.
05:12
All right, so right now,
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U redu. Sada,
05:14
your brain is controlling your arm
and it's also controlling his arm,
and it's also controlling his arm,
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vaš mozak kontroliše vašu ruku,
a takođe kontroliše i njegovu,
a takođe kontroliše i njegovu,
05:19
so go ahead and just do it one more time.
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pa hajde uradite to još jednom.
05:21
All right, so it's perfect. (Laughter)
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U redu, savršeno. (Smeh)
05:23
So now, what would happen
if I took over my control of your hand?
if I took over my control of your hand?
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Šta bi se dogodilo kada bih ja
preuzeo kontrolu nad vašom rukom?
preuzeo kontrolu nad vašom rukom?
05:27
And so, just relax your hand.
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Samo opustite ruku.
05:29
What happens?
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Šta se dešava?
05:31
Ah, nothing.
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Ništa.
05:32
Why not?
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Zašto ne?
05:34
Because the brain has to do it.
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Zato što mozak to mora da uradi.
05:35
So you do it again.
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Uradite to ponovo.
05:37
All right, that's perfect.
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U redu, savršeno.
05:39
Thank you guys for being
such a good sport.
such a good sport.
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Hvala vam na dobroj saradnji.
05:42
This is what's happening
all across the world --
all across the world --
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Ovo je ono što se dešava širom sveta -
05:44
electrophysiology!
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elektrofiziologija!
05:45
We're going to bring on
the neuro-revolution.
the neuro-revolution.
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Donećemo neurorevoluciju.
05:48
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:49
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com