ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - Neuroscientist
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.

Why you should listen

As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.

Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.

More profile about the speaker
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com
TED2015

Greg Gage: How to control someone else's arm with your brain

ग्रेग गेज: तुमच्या मेंदूचे दुसऱ्याच्या हातावर कसे नियंत्रण ठेवाल

Filmed:
9,669,307 views

ग्रेग गेज प्रयत्नशील आहेत मेंदूचे ज्ञान सर्वांपर्यंत पोहोचविण्यासाठी .या एका मजेशीर पण अनोख्या प्रात्यक्षिकात न्युरोविशारद व TEDचे वरिष्ठ कार्यकर्ते, कमी खर्चाचे DIY (Do It Yourself) उपकरण वापरून ,एका श्रोत्याची इच्छाशक्ती हिरावून घेतात. ही काही युक्ती नाही तर खरेच असे घडते हे पाहून तुमचा विश्वास बसेल
- Neuroscientist
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:14
The brain is an amazing and complex organ.
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मेंदू हे गुंतागुंतीचे व विस्मयकारक
इंद्रिय आहे
00:17
And while many people
are fascinated by the brain,
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खूप लोकांना मेंदू बाबत
जाणून घेण्यास रस असतो .
00:20
they can't really tell you that much
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पण ते खरेच तुम्हाला नाही सांगू शकत
00:21
about the properties
about how the brain works
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मेंदूच्या कार्याबाबत
00:24
because we don't teach
neuroscience in schools.
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याचे कारण आपण शाळेत न्युरो विज्ञान
शिकवित नाही
00:26
And one of the reasons
why is that the equipment
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याचे मुख्य कारण त्यासंबंधी
असलेली उपकरणे
00:28
is so complex and so expensive
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जी गुंतागुंतीची व महाग असतात .
00:31
that it's really only done at major
universities and large institutions.
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मोठ्या संस्थामध्ये व प्रमुख विद्यापीठातच
याचा अभ्यास होतो.
00:35
And so in order to be able
to access the brain,
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मेंदूच्या कार्य जाणून
घेण्याची क्षमता येण्यास
00:37
you really need to dedicate your life
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तुम्हाला आयुष्यभर अभ्यास करावा लागेल.
00:39
and spend six and a half years
as a graduate student
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साडे सहा वर्ष लागतील पदवीधर होण्यास
पण तेवढ्याने तुम्ही त्यासंबंधीची उपकरणे
हाताळणारे न्युरो विशारद व्हाल
00:42
just to become a neuroscientist
to get access to these tools.
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00:45
And that's a shame
because one out of five of us,
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हे लाजिरवाणे आहे. कारण आपल्यापैकी
पाचातील एक
00:47
that's 20 percent of the entire world,
will have a neurological disorder.
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म्हणजे जगातील वीस टक्के
मेंदुविकाराने पिडीत होतील
00:51
And there are zero cures
for these diseases.
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यातील एकही बरा होणार नाही.
00:54
And so it seems that
what we should be doing
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म्हणूनच आपण सुरवात केली पाहिजे.
00:57
is reaching back earlier
in the eduction process
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याचे शिक्षण देण्यास .
00:59
and teaching students about neuroscience
so that in the future,
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या शिक्षणाने भविष्यात ,
01:04
they may be thinking about possibly
becoming a brain scientist.
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न्युरोवैज्ञानिक होण्याची
त्यांना प्रेरणा मिळेल.
01:08
When I was a graduate student,
my lab mate Tim Marzullo and myself,
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मी जेव्हा पदवी प्राप्त करीत होते माझी
प्रयोशाळा सहकारी टीम मार्झुलो व मी
01:11
decided that what if we took
this complex equipment that we have
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ठरविले हे आमच्याकडील असलेले
गुंतागुंतीचे उपकरण
01:15
for studying the brain and made it simple
enough and affordable enough
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मेंदूच्या अभ्यासाचे,ते साधे व कमी
खर्चाचे कसे करता येईल.
01:19
that anyone that you know, an amateur
or a high school student,
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जे कोणीही अगदी शाळेतील नवखा विद्यर्थी ही
01:22
could learn and actually participate
in the discovery of neuroscience.
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त्या योगे मेंदूच्या अभ्यासात सहभागी होऊ शकेल.
01:25
And so we did just that.
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आणि आम्ही ते केले.
01:27
A few years ago, we started
a company called Backyard Brains
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काही वर्षापूर्वी आम्ही बैकयार्ड ब्रेन्स
नामक कंपनी सुरु केली
01:30
and we make DIY neuroscience equipment
and I brought some here tonight,
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आम्ही DIY neuroscience हे उपकरण बनविले
आणि आज रात्री येथे आणले आहे .
01:34
and I want to do some demonstrations.
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त्याचे प्रात्यक्षिक दाखविणार आहे .
01:37
You guys want to see some?
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पहाणार ना ,मित्रानो
01:38
So I need a volunteer.
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एक स्वयंसेवक मला हवा आहे .
01:41
So right before -- what is your name?
(Applause)
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तुझे नाव काय ?
01:44
Sam Kelly: Sam.
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सैम केली: सैम.
01:45
Greg Gage: All right, Sam, I'm going
to record from your brain.
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ग्रेग गेज: छान मी आता
तुझ्या मेदूचे चित्रण करते
01:48
Have you had this before?
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कधी असे केले आहे
01:49
SK: No.
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सैम:- नाही
01:50
GG: I need you to stick out
your arm for science,
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ग्रेग गेज: विज्ञानासाठी तुझा हात पुढे कर
01:53
roll up your sleeve a bit,
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हाताच्या बाह्य वर सावरून घे .
01:54
So what I'm going to do,
I'm putting electrodes on your arm,
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मी तुझ्या हाताला काही विद्युत अग्रे
बसविणार आहे .
01:57
and you're probably wondering,
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तू बहुदा चकित झाली असशील.
01:59
I just said I'm going to record from your
brain, what am I doing with your arm?
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मी नुकतेच म्हटल्याप्रमाणे मी मेंदूचे रेकॉर्डिंग
करणार आहे या हाता पासून
02:02
Well, you have about 80 billion neurons
inside your brain right now.
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तुझी मेंदूत आहेत ८० कोटी न्युरोन्स
02:06
They're sending electrical messages
back and forth, and chemical messages.
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त्यांचे विद्युत ,रासायनिक संदेशाचे
मेंदू पासून दळणवळण सुरु असते
02:09
But some of your neurons
right here in your motor cortex
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काही न्युरोन्स येते स्नायुमय भागात आहेत
02:12
are going to send messages down
when you move your arm like this.
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ते खाली संदेश पाठवतील
तू हात हलवाशील तेव्हा ,असा
02:15
They're going to go down
across your corpus callosum,
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ते खाली काही सन्देश पाठवतील,
हाताच्या मासं पेशीपर्यंत
02:17
down onto your spinal cord
to your lower motor neuron
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ते संदेश मज्जारज्जूतून जाऊन
स्नायुंमधील न्युरोन्सपर्यंत पोहचतील
02:20
out to your muscles here,
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या येथल्या स्नायुन्पर्यंत
02:21
and that electrical discharge
is going to be picked up
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ते संदेश पकडणार आहोत
02:24
by these electrodes right here
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य्र्ते लावलेल्या विद्युत अग्राने
02:25
and we're going to be able to listen
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आणि ते ऐकणार आहोत ध्वनीस्वरुपात
02:27
to exactly what your brain
is going to be doing.
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तुमचा मेंदू काय कार्य करतो हे जाणावयास
02:29
So I'm going to turn this on for a second.
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सेकंदभर हे विद्युत अग्रे चालू करेन
02:31
Have you ever heard
what your brain sounds like?
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मेंदूचा त्याच्या संदेशाचा
आवाज कधी एकला आहेस ?
02:34
SK: No.
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सैम: नाही
02:35
GG: Let's try it out.
So go ahead and squeeze your hand.
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ग्रेग गेज: सुरवात करू या
आपला हात आकसून घ्या
02:37
(Rumbling)
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((गडगडाट)
02:38
So what you're listening to,
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जे ऐकत आहात .
02:40
so this is your motor units
happening right here.
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ती आहे स्नायूंची संदेश व्यवस्था
02:44
Let's take a look at it as well.
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जरा नित पाहू या
02:46
So I'm going to stand over here,
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मी येथे उभा राहून
02:49
and I'm going to open up our app here.
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आमचे साहित्य वापरणार आहे .
02:52
So now I want you to squeeze.
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हात मोडून घ्या
02:53
(Rumbling)
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(गडगडाट)
02:54
So right here, these are the motor units
that are happening
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येथे हालचाल होत आहे स्नायूंची
02:57
from her spinal cord
out to her muscle right here,
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मज्जारज्जू पासून सुरु होत
या येथील स्नायुन्पर्यंत .
03:00
and as she's doing it,
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ती हे करीत असतांना
03:01
you're seeing the electrical activity
that's happening here.
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ही विद्युत प्रक्रिया घडत असताना दिसते .
03:04
You can even click here
and try to see one of them.
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येथे क्लिक करून तुम्ही पाहू शकता
03:06
So keep doing it really hard.
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थोड अ जोर लाऊन करा
03:08
So now we've paused
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आता आपण थांबू या
03:09
on one motor action potential that's
happening right now inside of your brain.
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स्नायूंची ह्ल्चालीची मेंदूतील प्रतिक्रिया
03:13
Do you guys want to see some more?
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पहायची आहे आणखी
03:15
(Applause)
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(टाळ्या )
03:16
That's interesting,
but let's get it better.
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मजेशीर आहे ना ? आणखी चांगल्या
प्रकारे करू या .
03:18
I need one more volunteer.
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आणखी एक स्वयंसेवक हवा
03:21
What is your name, sir?
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तुझे नाव काय ?
मिगुएल गोन्कॅल्वेस: मिगुएल.
03:24
Miguel Goncalves: Miguel.
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03:25
GG: Miguel, all right.
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ग्रे गे: ठीक मिगुएल.
03:26
You're going to stand right here.
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तू येथे उभा राहा
03:27
So when you're moving your arm like this,
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तू असे हात हलवाशील तेव्हा
03:29
your brain is sending a signal
down to your muscles right here.
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तुझा मेंदू खाली हात्रातील स्नायूंकडे
संदेश पाठवेल
03:33
I want you to move your arm as well.
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तू तुझा हात हलव
03:34
So your brain is going to send
a signal down to your muscles.
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म्हणजे तुझा मेंदू खाली स्नायूंकडे
संदेश पाठवेल
03:37
And so it turns out that there is
a nerve that's right here
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येथे आहे ती नस ही पहा
03:41
that runs up here that innervates
these three fingers,
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ती या तीन बोटांपर्यंत पोहचते
03:44
and it's close enough to the skin
that we might be able
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ती त्वचेच्या अगदी लागून असल्याने
03:47
to stimulate that so that what we can do
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तिला उत्तेजित करण्यास आहोत
03:49
is copy your brain signals
going out to your hand
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रेकॉर्ड केलेले संदेश तुझ्या हातातून
जाऊ देणार आहोत .
03:52
and inject it into your hand,
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ते तुझ्या हातात प्रेषित करणार
03:54
so that your hand will move
when your brain tells your hand to move.
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त्याने तुझा हात हालचाल करेल
मेंदू आज्ञा देईल तेव्हा
03:57
So in a sense, she will take away
your free will
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या चा अर्थ तुझ्या इच्छेवर
तिच्या मेंदूचे नियंत्रण असेल
04:00
and you will no longer have
any control over this hand.
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या हातावर तुझे नियंत्रण असणार नाही
04:03
You with me?
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समजले
04:05
So I just need to hook you up.
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मी आता संदेश प्रस्थापित करतो
04:07
(Laughter)
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(हशा )
04:09
So I'm going to find your ulnar nerve,
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तुझी अल्नार नस शोधू या
04:11
which is probably right around here.
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ती बहुदा येथे दिसते ,
04:14
You don't know what you're signing up for
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आपल्यापुढे काय वाढून ठेवले आहे
04:16
when you come up.
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याचा तुला अंदाज नसेल
04:17
So now I'm going to move away
and we're going to plug it in
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मी आता हे दूर करून याचा संपर्क
करणार आहे.
04:20
to our human-to-human interface over here.
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एका माणसाचा दुसऱ्या माणसाशी या
साधनाने.
04:24
Okay, so Sam, I want you
to squeeze your hand again.
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ठीक आहे सैम तू हात मोडता घे
04:29
Do it again. Perfect.
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पुन्हा कर .छान
04:31
So now I'm going to hook you up
over here so that you get the --
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मी तुला आता या प्रणालीशी जोडतो
ज्यामुळे तुला
04:34
It's going to feel
a little bit weird at first,
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सुरवातीस जखडल्यासारखे वाटेल
04:36
this is going to feel like a --
(Laughter)
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हे असे वाटेल
(हशा )
04:38
You know, when you lose your free will,
and someone else becomes your agent,
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जेव्हा तुम्ही तुमच्या इच्छेचा त्याग करून
दुसर्यावर तिचे नियंत्रण सोपविता
04:42
it does feel a bit strange.
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जरा विचित्र वाटेल
04:44
Now I want you to relax your hand.
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जरा हताला आराम दे .
04:46
Sam, you're with me?
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सैम. मी आहे तुझ्यासोबत ?
04:47
So you're going to squeeze.
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तुला हात वाकवायचा आहे
04:48
I'm not going to turn it on yet,
so go ahead and give it a squeeze.
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अजून सुरु केले नाही
हात वाकव
04:52
So now, are you ready, Miguel?
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मिगेल तू तयार आहेस ?
04:54
MG: Ready as I'll ever be.
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मिगेल हो अगदी !
04:56
GG: I've turned it on, so go ahead
and turn your hand.
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GG: मी हे सुरु केले आहे
हात वाकव
04:59
Do you feel that a little bit?
MG: Nope.
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जरा विचित्र वाटेल ?
मिगेल :नाही
05:01
GG: Okay, do it again?
MG: A little bit.
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GG: ठीक पुन्हा करणार ?
MG: थोडेसे.
05:03
GG: A little bit? (Laughter)
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GG: थोडेसे च (हशा )
05:04
So relax.
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जरा विश्रांती घे .
05:05
So hit it again.
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पुन्हा करू या .
05:07
(Laughter)
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(हशा ).
05:08
Oh, perfect, perfect.
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एकदम छान! छान .
05:10
So relax, do it again.
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पुन्हा विश्रांती घे .
05:12
All right, so right now,
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ठीक आहे आता मी येथे ,
05:14
your brain is controlling your arm
and it's also controlling his arm,
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मेंदूचे तुझ्या हातावर नियंत्रण आहे
आणि तो आता याच्या हातावरही नियंत्रण ठेवतो
05:19
so go ahead and just do it one more time.
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पुन्हा एकदा हे करा .
05:21
All right, so it's perfect. (Laughter)
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अगदी उत्तम .
05:23
So now, what would happen
if I took over my control of your hand?
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काय घडेल जेव्हा मी
तुझ्या हातावर नियंत्रण करू शकेल .
05:27
And so, just relax your hand.
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हाताला जरा विश्रांती दे
05:29
What happens?
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काय घडले ?
05:31
Ah, nothing.
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काहच नाही
05:32
Why not?
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का काहीच घडले नाही
05:34
Because the brain has to do it.
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कारण हे मेंदू करीत असतो
05:35
So you do it again.
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पुन्हा एकदा कर
05:37
All right, that's perfect.
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फारच छान
05:39
Thank you guys for being
such a good sport.
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आभारी आहे दोस्तानो खेळीमेळीने
हे केल्याबद्दल .
05:42
This is what's happening
all across the world --
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जगभर असेच घडत असते .
05:44
electrophysiology!
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इलेक्ट्रो फिजियोलौजि!
05:45
We're going to bring on
the neuro-revolution.
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न्युरो विज्ञानात आपण क्रांती घडविणार आहोत
05:48
Thank you.
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आभार.
05:49
(Applause)
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(टाळ्या )
Translated by arvind patil
Reviewed by Abhinav Garule

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - Neuroscientist
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.

Why you should listen

As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.

Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.

More profile about the speaker
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com

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